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Bhadar Dam: Gujarat

Why in News Recently, the Dam Safety Organisation of the Central Water Commission has recommended replacement of floodgates of Bhadar dam which were...

15 Mar 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Sahitya Akademi Award

Why in News Recently, Marathi writer Nanda Khare refused to accept the Sahitya Akademi award for his novel “Udya”, published in...

13 Mar 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Project Information System & Management: SERB

Why in News The Science and Engineering Board (SERB) has set up a portal called PRoject Information System & Management (PRISM) that offers real...

12 Mar 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Autocratisation Goes Viral Report

Why in News Recently, India has been classified as an “electoral autocracy” in the annual report named Autocratisation Goes Viral of...

12 Mar 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Indonesia’s Mt. Sinabung

Why in News Recently, Mt. Sinabung, an active volcano on Indonesia’s Sumatra island has erupted. Earlier, other volcanoes of Indonesia-...

12 Mar 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
France’s First Space Military Exercise: AsterX

Why in News Amid the growing competition among the world powers in the field of space, France has begun its first space military exercises to test...

12 Mar 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Bharat Bangla Maitri Bridge

Why in News Recently, the Prime Minister inaugurated Bharat Bangla Maitri Bridge in Tripura’s South district. Key Points About: The...

11 Mar 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Exercise Dustlik-2

Why in News Recently, the second edition of India-Uzbekistan joint military exercise "Dustlik-2" started in Chaubatia, Uttarakhand. Key Points Aim...

10 Mar 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Defence Acquisition Council’s Plans

Why in News Multi billion deals for armed drones from the USA and advanced submarines under Project-75I are to be taken by the Defence Acquisition...

09 Mar 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Janaushadhi Diwas

Why in News The Bureau of Pharma PSUs of India (BPPI) celebrated the 3rd Janaushadhi Diwas (7th March 2021) to spread awareness about quality...

09 Mar 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Equine Herpes Virus Outbreak in Europe

Why in News Recently, there has been an outbreak of Equine Herpes Virus (EHV-1) among horses in Europe. So far seven countries have confirmed...

08 Mar 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
CERAWeek Global Energy and Environment Leadership Award

Why in News The Prime Minister of India was conferred with the Global Energy and Environment Leadership Award by Cambridge Energy Research...

08 Mar 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Whale Shark

Why in News Recently, fishers in Odisha rescued a whale shark. Key Points About: Whale sharks are the largest shark, and indeed largest of...

08 Mar 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Biju Patnaik

Why in News The birth anniversary of Biju Patnaik was celebrated (5th March). He is remembered as a freedom fighter, an Indian politician, an...

06 Mar 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Dumping Inert Waste in Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary

Why in News The Supreme Court-mandated Ridge Management Board has decided to constitute an expert committee to look into the proposal of dumping...

06 Mar 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Pench Tiger Reserve: Maharashtra

Why in News Recently, a female cub of 'man-eater' tigress Avni has been released into the wild in the Pench Tiger Reserve (PTR) of Maharashtra. Key...

06 Mar 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Similipal Biosphere Reserve: Odisha

Why in News Recently, a massive fire broke out in the Similipal Biosphere Reserve in Odisha. The core area of the biosphere was untouched by the...

04 Mar 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Exercise Desert Flag-VI: UAE

Why in News For the first time, the Indian Air Force (IAF) is participating in the Exercise Desert Flag-VI, hosted by the United Arab Emirates (UAE)...

03 Mar 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Black-Browed Babbler Rediscovered

Why in News Recently, a Black-Browed Babbler (Malacocincla perspicillata) was rediscovered in southeastern Kalimantan, the part of Borneo that is...

03 Mar 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Suryakiran Aerobatic Team

Why in News The Suryakiran Aerobatic Team (SKAT) and Sarang helicopter display team along with the Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) will perform at an...

01 Mar 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims

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		'article_id' => (int) 7934,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Bhadar Dam: Gujarat',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the <strong><a href="/loksabha-rajyasabha-discussions/the-big-picture-dam-safety-bill-2019" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Dam Safety Organisation</a> of the <a href="/daily-news-analysis/central-water-commission-on-kerala-floods" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Central Water Commission</a></strong> has recommended replacement of floodgates of<strong> Bhadar dam</strong> which were damaged in the <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/chamoli-flash-floods" target="_blank" rel="noopener">flash flood</a> of 2015.</strong></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About Bhadar Dam:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Bhadar dam is<strong> located in Rajkot</strong> and is <strong>second largest in Saurashtra region after Shetrunji dam.</strong></li>
<li>Bhadar dam is on the <strong>Bhadar River</strong> in Saurashtra region in Gujarat.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Bhadar River:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The Bhadar is one of the major rivers of<strong> Kathiawar (Saurashtra) peninsula</strong> in Gujarat.</li>
<li>It <strong>originates</strong> near Vaddi <strong>in Rajkot district</strong> at an elevation of 261 m above mean sea level.</li>
<li>It flows through the Saurashtra region and finally confluence <strong>with Arabian sea at Naviobandar (Porbandar).</strong></li>
<li>The total length of this river is 198 km. It drains about 1/7<sup>th</sup> of the area of Saurashtra.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1615803022_image6.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1615803022_image6.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" caption="false" width="494" height="387" /></a></p>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Flash Flood</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Flash floods are typically associated with <strong>short, high-intensity rainstorms.</strong></li>
<li>These are <strong>sudden surges in water levels</strong> during or following an intense spell of rain.</li>
<li>These are <strong>highly localised events of short duration</strong> with a very high peak and usually have less than six hours between the occurrence of the rainfall and peak flood.</li>
<li>The flood situation worsens in the presence of choked drainage lines or encroachments obstructing the natural flow of water.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Central Water Commission (CWC)</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Central Water Commission is the<strong> apex technical organisation</strong> in the country for <strong>development of water resources</strong> and is an attached organization of the <strong>Ministry of Water Resources.</strong></li>
<li>The Commission is responsible for <strong>initiating, coordinating and furthering, in consultation</strong> with the State Governments, the schemes for control, conservation, development and utilization of water resources throughout the country for the purpose of irrigation, flood management, power generation, navigation etc.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/after-2015-flash-floods-damage-gujarat-irrigation-dept-to-replace-29-floodgates-of-bhadar-dam-by-april-end-7228220/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:IE</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7923,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Sahitya Akademi Award',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, Marathi writer Nanda Khare<strong> refused to accept the<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/sahitya-akademi-awards" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Sahitya Akademi award</a></strong> for his novel<strong> &ldquo;Udya&rdquo;,</strong> published in 2014.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About Sahitya Akademi Award:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Sahitya Akademi award <strong>established in 1954,</strong> is a literary honour that is conferred <strong>annually by Sahitya Akademi,</strong> India&rsquo;s National Academy of letters.</li>
<li>Akademi gives <strong>24 awards annually to literary works</strong> in the languages it has recognized and an equal number of awards to literary translations from and into the languages of India.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Besides the 22 languages</strong> enumerated in the Constitution of India, the Sahitya Akademi has <strong>recognised English and Rajasthani</strong> as languages in which its programme may be implemented.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The Sahitya Akademi award is the <strong>second-highest literary honour</strong> by the Government of India, <strong>after the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/54th-jnanpith-award" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Jnanpith award</a>.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Criteria for Choosing Awardee:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The author must be of <strong>Indian Nationality.</strong></li>
<li>Book/work eligible for the award must be an outstanding contribution to the language and literature to which it belongs.</li>
<li>When equal merit for books of two or more are found, certain criteria like total literary contribution and standing of authors shall be taken into consideration for declaring award.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>About the Marathi Novel &lsquo;Udya&rsquo;:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is a futuristic account of the possible <strong>scenarios emerging</strong> as consequences of the current <strong>capitalistic and machine-driven human life.</strong></li>
<li>It nuances how humans have been enslaved by machines, particularly by the ones that are susceptible to surveillance of one&rsquo;s personal life.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Jnanpith Award</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Jnanpith award is the<strong> highest literary award</strong> in India and can only be conferred <strong>annually upon an Indian citizen.</strong></li>
<li><strong>English</strong> along with other languages mentioned in <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/bill-to-change-stature-of-official-languages" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Indian Constitution (8<sup>th</sup> Schedule)</strong></a> is considered for the Award.</li>
<li>The prize carries a cash award of Rs. 11 lakhs, a citation, and a bronze replica of Vagdevi (Saraswati), the goddess of learning.</li>
<li>It is sponsored by the <strong>cultural organization Bharatiya Jnanpith.</strong></li>
<li>For 2018, author <strong>Amitav Ghosh</strong> became the <strong>first English language writer</strong> to become a Jnanpith laureate.</li>
<li>Akkitham Achuthan Namboothiri in Malayalam language is the latest recipient of the award for the year 2019.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Other Sahitya Akademi Awards</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar</strong> is given to an author based on his/her total contribution to children literature and relates to books first published during the five years immediately preceding the year of Award.</li>
<li><strong>Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar</strong> relates to books published by an <strong>author of the age of 35 and below.</strong></li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/marathi-writer-nanda-khare-refuses-sahitya-akademi-award-7225907/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:IE</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7915,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Project Information System & Management: SERB',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/accelerate-vigyan-scheme-serb" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Science and Engineering Board (SERB)</strong></a> has set up a<strong> portal called PRoject Information System &amp; Management (PRISM)</strong> that offers real time information on the various research projects supported by it.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About PRoject Information System &amp; Management (PRISM):</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is called <strong>&lsquo;SERB &ndash; PRoject Information System &amp; Management (SERB &ndash; PRISM)&rsquo;.</strong></li>
<li>The <strong>e-platform will provide a whole range of information</strong> regarding all projects sanctioned by SERB from 2011 onwards, including funding details, status, research summary and project output details such as publications and patents.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Significance of PRISM:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The portal is expected to work as a <strong>comprehensive tool</strong> to help forge<strong> stronger scientist-scientist, and science-society connections.</strong></li>
<li>It may be linked with important sectors such as water, energy, and climate and with the new concept of<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/scientific-social-responsibility-policy#:~:text=Definition%3A,linkages%20between%20science%20and%20society." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Scientific Social Responsibility (SSR).</strong></a></li>
<li>It helps in the <strong>democratisation of Research &amp; Development funding trends.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Science and Engineering Board (SERB):</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is a<strong> statutory body</strong> under the <strong>Department of Science and Technology, <a href="/to-the-points/Paper2/year-end-review-2019-ministry-of-science-technology" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Ministry of Science and Technology</a></strong> established by an Act of the Parliament of India in 2009.</li>
<li>It is <strong>chaired by the Secretary to the Government of India</strong> in the Department of Science and Technology and has other senior government officials and eminent scientists as members.</li>
<li>It was set up for <strong>promoting basic research in science and engineering</strong> and to provide financial assistance to scientists, academic institutions, Research and Development laboratories, industrial concerns and other agencies for such research.</li>
<li>It has a mandate to plan, promote and fund<strong> internationally competitive research in emerging areas.</strong></li>
<li>Some important schemes of SERB:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/serb-power-scheme" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>SERB-POWER Scheme</strong></a></li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/accelerate-vigyan-scheme-serb" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Accelerate Vigyan Scheme: SERB</strong></a></li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/national-mission-on-interdisciplinary-cyber-physical-systems" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber-Physical Systems</strong></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/science-%26-technology/amp/portal-to-provide-all-inclusive-information-on-serb-sanctioned-projects-75914&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1615545715855000&amp;usg=AOvVaw23nt2o3_I9x0UvMwOJpcv8" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: DTE</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7914,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Autocratisation Goes Viral Report',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, India has been classified as an <strong>&ldquo;electoral autocracy&rdquo;</strong> in the annual report named <strong>Autocratisation Goes Viral</strong> of Sweden-based Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Institute.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>This report comes just after the US watchdog <strong>Freedom House downgraded India&rsquo;s status to &ldquo;partly free&rdquo;</strong> in its <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/freedom-in-the-world-2021-report#:~:text=The%20Freedom%20in%20the%20World,deterioration%20over%20the%20last%20year." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>&lsquo;Freedom in the World 2021&rsquo;</strong> </a>report.</li>
</ul>
<h3><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1615542060_image3.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1615542060_image3.jpg" caption="false" width="651" height="287" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></a></h3>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About V-Dem:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The V-Dem Institute, an <strong>independent research organisation</strong> founded in 2014 by Swedish political scientist Staffan Lindberg.</li>
<li>It produces its <strong>annual report on the state of democracy</strong> around the world based on a dataset of almost 30 million data points for <strong>202 countries.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Global Scenario:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The global <strong>decline of liberal democracies</strong> was &lsquo;steep&rsquo; in the past 10 years in the Asia-Pacific region, Central Asia, Eastern Europe and Latin America.</li>
<li>Apart from India, countries like <strong>Brazil and Turkey figured among the top 10 countries that slipped in rankings</strong> that were part of the <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/important-institution-upsc-ias-g20-significance-global-groupings-member-challenges-buenos-aires-gs-mains-paper-ii-2-international-relations" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>G-20</strong></a> nations.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>India&rsquo;s Position:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>India was previously classified as an <strong>electoral democracy</strong>, however the latest report classified it as <strong>electoral autocracy.</strong></li>
<li>India is now as autocratic <strong>as is Pakistan,</strong> and <strong>worse than</strong> both its neighbours <strong>Bangladesh and Nepal.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Political rights</strong> and <strong>civil liberties</strong> in the country have <strong>deteriorated since 2014</strong>, with increased pressure on human rights organizations, rising intimidation of academics and journalists, and a spate of bigoted attacks, including lynchings, aimed at Muslims.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Reasons for the Downgrade:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Recently, Indian government has used laws on <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/sedition-law-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>sedition (Section 124A),</strong></a> <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/misuse-of-criminal-defamation-law-madras-hc" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>defamation (Section 499)</strong></a>, and <strong>counter-terrorism</strong> to silence critics.</li>
<li>It has used the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/foreign-contribution-regulation-amendment-bill-2020" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Foreign Contributions Regulation Act (FCRA) 2010</strong></a> to restrict the entry, exit and functioning of civil society organisations.</li>
<li>More frequent use of laws like <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/low-convictions-rate-under-uapa-act#:~:text=In%20August%202019%2C%20Parliament%20cleared,is%20otherwise%20involved%20in%20terrorism." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA),1967.</strong></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/rahul-gandhi-flags-indias-slide-in-democratic-norms/article34045122.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
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		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Indonesia’s Mt. Sinabung',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, Mt. <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/mount-sinabung" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Sinabung</strong></a>, an active volcano on Indonesia&rsquo;s Sumatra island has erupted.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Earlier, other volcanoes of Indonesia- <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/mt-merapi-of-indonesia" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Merapi volcano</strong></a> and <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/semeru-volcano-of-indonesia" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Semeru volcano</strong></a>- had erupted.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1615537541_image1.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1615537541_image1.jpg" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" caption="false" width="500" height="399" /></a></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Mt. Sinabung:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Mt. Sinabung <strong>(2,600-metre)</strong> is<strong> located in Karo regency,</strong> North Sumatra.</li>
<li>Sinabung is among more than<strong> 120 active volcanoes</strong> in Indonesia, which is prone to seismic upheaval due to its location on the <a href="/to-the-points/paper1/pacific-ring-of-fire" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Pacific Ring of Fire.</strong></a></li>
<li>The volcano was dormant for 400 years before exploding in <strong>2010.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It exploded again in <strong>2014 ,2016</strong> and <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/indonesia-s-mt-sinabung-erupted" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2020</a></strong>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Ring of Fire:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The Ring of Fire, also referred to as the <strong>Circum-Pacific Belt,</strong> is a path along the Pacific Ocean characterized by<strong> active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes.</strong></li>
<li>It traces boundaries between several <strong><a href="/to-the-points/paper1/tectonic-plates">tectonic plates</a>&mdash;</strong>including the Pacific, Cocos, Indian-Australian, Nazca, North American, and Philippine Plates.</li>
<li>The abundance of volcanoes and earthquakes along the Ring of Fire is caused by the amount of movement of tectonic plates in the area.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>75% of Earth&rsquo;s volcanoes</strong> i.e. <strong>more than 450 volcanoes</strong> are located along the Ring of Fire. 90% of Earth&rsquo;s earthquakes occur along its path.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1615537662_image2.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1615537662_image2.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="500" caption="false" /></a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://indianexpress.com/article/world/indonesias-sinabung-volcano-unleashes-new-burst-of-hot-ash-7223523/&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1615541247822000&amp;usg=AOvVaw3o4R5KePtYDYSsfuErGMAT" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:IE</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7909,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'France’s First Space Military Exercise: AsterX',
		'description' => '<p>Why in News</p>
<p>Amid the growing competition among the world powers in the field of space, France has begun its<strong> first space military exercises</strong> to test its ability to defend its satellites.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About the Exercise:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The exercise drills are codenamed <strong>"AsterX"</strong> to commemorate the first French satellite <strong>Asterix</strong> from 1965.</li>
<li>The exercises are part of France's strategy to become the world's <strong>third-largest space power,</strong> after the USA and China.</li>
<li>These space military exercises are the first ever attempt not only for the French army but also for Europe.</li>
<li>Moreover, France has planned to develop<strong> anti-satellite laser weapons</strong> and to strengthen surveillance capabilities to close the gap with rivals; China and Russia.</li>
<li><strong>Aim of the Exercise:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>To monitor a potentially dangerous space object as well as threats to its own satellite from another foreign power possessing a considerable space force.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Participants:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Along with France, the new<strong> US Space Force and German space agencies</strong> are taking part in the exercises.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Background:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>In 2018, <strong>Olymp-K,</strong> a Russian satellite attempted to intercept transmissions from the <strong>Athena-Fidus satellite</strong> which is used by both Italian and French armies for secure communications. This was <strong>termed as an act of &lsquo;espionage&rsquo;.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>In 2020, the United States also <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/russia-accused-of-testing-anti-satellite-weapon#:~:text=The%20test%20consisted%20of%20Russia%27s,over%20to%20another%20Russian%20satellite." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>accused Russia</strong> </a>of having &ldquo;conducted a non-destructive test&rdquo; of an anti-satellite weapon from space.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>In 2019, France announced its <strong>Commandement de l&rsquo;Espace (CdE)</strong> (French Space Command).<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It is set to have 500 personnel by 2025.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Similar Initiatives of India:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/ind-space-ex" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>IndSpaceEx:</strong></a> India&rsquo;s first ever simulated space warfare exercise.</li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/mission-shakti-asat-and-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Mission Shakti:</strong></a> An Anti-Satellite (ASAT) Missile Test.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/world/france-conducts-first-military-exercises-in-space-7222519/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: IE</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7900,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Bharat Bangla Maitri Bridge',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the Prime Minister inaugurated<strong> Bharat Bangla Maitri Bridge</strong> in Tripura&rsquo;s South district.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1615447598_image1.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1615447598_image1.jpg" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" caption="false" width="550" height="322" /></a></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The bridge <strong>&lsquo;Maitri Setu&rsquo;</strong> has been built over the <strong>Feni river</strong> which flows between Indian boundary in Tripura State and Bangladesh.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Feni originates in the <strong>South Tripura district.</strong> The river passes through Sabroom town on the Indian side, and <strong>meets the Bay of Bengal</strong> after it flows into Bangladesh.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The<strong> 1.9 Km</strong> long bridge joins <strong>Sabroom (in Tripura) with Ramgarh (in Bangladesh).</strong></li>
<li>The name &lsquo;Maitri Setu&rsquo; <strong>symbolises <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/50-years-of-india-bangladesh-relations" target="_blank" rel="noopener">growing bilateral relations</a></strong> and friendly ties between India and Bangladesh.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Constructed by and Cost:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The construction was taken up by the <strong>National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation Ltd</strong> at a project cost of<strong> Rs. 133 crore.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited is a <strong>fully owned company of the Government of India.</strong></li>
<li>It is responsible for <strong>development &amp; maintenance of National Highways &amp; Strategic Roads</strong> of India.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Significance:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Now <strong>Agartala</strong> (capital of Tripura) <strong>will become the nearest city to an international sea port</strong> in India.</li>
<li>Tripura will become the<strong> &lsquo;Gateway of North East&rsquo;</strong> with <strong>access to Chittagong</strong> Port of Bangladesh, which is just 80 km from Sabroom.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Bangladesh and India have a long standing and time-tested <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/protocol-on-inland-water-transit-and-trade" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Protocol on Transit and Trade</strong></a> through inland waterways.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>It would serve as a <strong>new trade corridor</strong> between the two countries, helping the <strong>Northeast states grow.</strong> It will <strong>enhance people-to-people contact.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/pm-modi-inaugurates-maitri-setu-between-india-and-bangladesh/article34026410.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:TH</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7894,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Exercise Dustlik-2',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the second edition of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/india-and-uzbekistan" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>India-Uzbekistan</strong></a> joint military exercise <strong>"Dustlik-2"</strong> started in Chaubatia, Uttarakhand.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1615368709_image2.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1615368709_image2.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="500" caption="false" /></a></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Aim of the Exercise:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Counter Insurgency (CI)</strong> and <strong>Counter Terrorism (CT)</strong> operations in mountainous, rural and urban scenarios under the <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/united-nations-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>United Nations (UN)</strong> </a>mandate.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>About the First Edition:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Took place in Tashkent, <strong>Uzbekistan in November 2019.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Significance:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Uzbekistan is important to India for security and connectivity to the <strong>Central Asian region</strong> and also Iran, it is also one <strong>alternative India has with respect to Afghanistan.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Security concerns stemming from the<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/intra-afghan-talks-role-of-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> conflict in Afghanistan</strong></a> is one of the major challenges for India&rsquo;s involvement in Central Asia.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 209px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 961px; height: 19px; text-align: center; background-color: #07031c;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Joint Military Exercises of India with Other Countries</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 481px; height: 19px; background-color: #ebf1ff;"><strong>Name of Exercise</strong></td>
<td style="width: 480px; height: 19px; background-color: #ebf1ff;"><strong>Country</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 481px; height: 19px; background-color: #ebf1ff;">Garuda Shakti</td>
<td style="width: 480px; height: 19px; background-color: #ebf1ff;">Indonesia</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 481px; height: 19px; background-color: #ebf1ff;">Ekuverin</td>
<td style="width: 480px; height: 19px; background-color: #ebf1ff;">Maldives</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 481px; height: 19px; background-color: #ebf1ff;">Hand-in-Hand</td>
<td style="width: 480px; height: 19px; background-color: #ebf1ff;">China</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 481px; height: 19px; background-color: #ebf1ff;">Bold Kurukshetra</td>
<td style="width: 480px; height: 19px; background-color: #ebf1ff;">Singapore</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 481px; height: 19px; background-color: #ebf1ff;">Mitra Shakti</td>
<td style="width: 480px; height: 19px; background-color: #ebf1ff;">Sri Lanka</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 481px; height: 19px; background-color: #ebf1ff;">Nomadic Elephant</td>
<td style="width: 480px; height: 19px; background-color: #ebf1ff;">Mongolia</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 481px; height: 19px; background-color: #ebf1ff;">Shakti</td>
<td style="width: 480px; height: 19px; background-color: #ebf1ff;">France</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 481px; height: 19px; background-color: #ebf1ff;">Surya Kiran</td>
<td style="width: 480px; height: 19px; background-color: #ebf1ff;">Nepal</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 481px; height: 19px; background-color: #ebf1ff;">Yudh Abhyas</td>
<td style="width: 480px; height: 19px; background-color: #ebf1ff;">USA</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><br /><strong><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-uzbek-armies-to-hone-counter-terror-skills/article34029129.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sources:TH</a></strong></p>',
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	(int) 8 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7885,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Defence Acquisition Council’s Plans',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Multi billion deals for <strong>armed <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/uav-procurement-by-indian-army" target="_blank" rel="noopener">drones</a> from the USA</strong> and advanced <strong>submarines under Project-75I</strong> are to be taken by the<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/defence-acquisition-council" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Defence Acquisition Council (DAC).</strong></a></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>India - USA Drone Deals:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>India has been looking to procure 30 armed drones, 10 for each service, from the USA but the process has been repeatedly delayed over the last couple of years.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The USA has given in principle approval for the sale of these armed drones to India during the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/india-usa-2-2-dialogue-2020#:~:text=2%2B2%20Ministerial%20is%20the,Australia%2C%20Japan%20and%20the%20USA." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>India-US 2+2 ministerial dialogue.</strong></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>While the Navy has a pressing requirement for the <strong>High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) drones,</strong> there have been questions on their utility for the Army and Air Force, given the high cost of the platform.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Since the<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/india-china-conflict" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> stand-off with China</strong></a> in Eastern Ladakh in May 2020, the need for long endurance drones to maintain continuous surveillance of the border has been acutely felt.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The Navy has already inducted two<strong> MQ-9B Sea <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/sea-guardian-drones-from-us#:~:text=Recently%2C%20two%20American%20MQ9B%20Sea,with%20India%20for%20one%20year." target="_blank" rel="noopener">Guardian unarmed drones</a></strong> procured from the USA.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Project-75I:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The Project 75I-class submarine is a follow-on of the <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/ins-karanj" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Project 75</a> Kalvari-class submarine</strong> for the Indian Navy.</li>
<li>The project is being processed through the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/dac-approves-strategic-partnership-guidelines" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Strategic Partnership (SP) model</strong> </a>of the<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/reviewing-defence-procurement-procedure" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Defence Procurement Procedure (DPP).</strong></a><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The strategic partnership model seeks to identify a few Indian private companies as Strategic Partners who would initially tie up with a few shortlisted foreign Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) to manufacture big-ticket military platforms.</li>
<li>It aims to <strong>promote the role of Indian industry in defence manufacturing</strong> and build a domestic defence industrial ecosystem.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>This project is part of the <strong>30 year Plan for indigenous submarine construction</strong> and it got its approval by the <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/cabinet-committees-formed" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Cabinet Committee</a> on Security</strong> in 1999. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The idea behind this was to help in streamlining the submarine acquisition process and creating two submarine production lines where the plan was to construct six submarines on each.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Defence Acquisition Council</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) is the<strong> highest decision-making body</strong> in the Defence Ministry for deciding on new policies and capital acquisitions for the three services (Army, Navy and Air Force) and the Indian Coast Guard.</li>
<li>The <strong>Minister of Defence</strong> is the Chairman of the Council.</li>
<li>It was formed, after the Group of Ministers recommendations on 'Reforming the National Security System', in 2001, post Kargil War (1999).</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/defence-ministry-to-take-up-big-deals-for-armed-drones-submarines-in-april/article34020546.ece#:~:text=Multi-billion%20deals%20for%2030,approval%2C%20a%20government%20official%20said." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 9 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7880,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Janaushadhi Diwas',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The <strong>Bureau of Pharma PSUs of India (BPPI)</strong> celebrated the <strong>3<sup>rd</sup> Janaushadhi Diwas</strong> (7<sup>th</sup> March 2021) to spread awareness about quality generic medicines, available at low prices.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Theme</strong> of Janaushadhi Diwas was <strong>&ldquo;Seva Bhi &ndash; Rozgar bhi&rdquo;.</strong> The <strong>Janaushadhi week</strong> was celebrated across the country from<strong> 1<sup>st</sup>-7<sup>th</sup> March 2021.</strong></li>
<li>As a part of celebrations, the Prime Minister<strong> inaugurated the 7,500<sup>th</sup> Janaushadhi Kendra</strong> at NEIGRIHMS, <strong>Shillong.</strong></li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Janaushadhi Kendra:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Bureau of Pharma PSUs in India (BPPI)</strong> supports <strong>Janaushadhi Kendras</strong> as a part of <strong>Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana.</strong></li>
<li>These are the<strong> centres from where quality generic medicines</strong> are made available to all.</li>
<li>The<strong> number of stores</strong> has grown to more than <strong>7400</strong> and all <strong>734 districts</strong> of the country have Janaushadhi Kendras.</li>
<li><strong>Government grants of up to Rs. 2.5 lakhs</strong> are provided for setting up of Pradhan Mantri Janaushadhi Kendras, which can be set up by doctors, pharmacists, entrepreneurs, <strong><a href="/to-the-points/Paper2/self-help-groups-shgs" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Self Help Groups</a> (SHGs)</strong>, NGOs, charitable societies, etc. at any suitable place or outside the hospital premises.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana (PMBJP):</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/important-facts-for-prelims-1st-november-2018" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>PMBJP</strong> </a>is <strong>a campaign launched by the Department of Pharmaceuticals in 2008</strong> under the name Jan Aushadhi Campaign. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The campaign was<strong> revamped as PMBJP in 2015-16.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Bureau of Pharma PSUs of India (BPPI)</strong> is the <strong>implementation agency</strong> for PMBJP.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The Bureau of Pharma PSUs of India <strong>works under the Ministry of Chemicals &amp; Fertilizers.</strong></li>
<li>BPPI has also developed the<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/janaushadhi-sugam" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Janaushadhi Sugam Application.</strong></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>PMBJP stores have been set up to provide<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/road-map-to-affordable-medicine" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> generic drugs</strong></a>, which are available at lesser prices but are equivalent in quality and efficacy as expensive branded drugs.</li>
<li>It also intends to extend the coverage of quality generic medicines so as<strong> to reduce the out of pocket expenditure on medicines </strong>and thereby<strong> redefine the unit cost of treatment per person.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>A medicine under PMBJP is <strong>priced on the principle of a maximum of 50% of the average price of top three branded medicines.</strong> Therefore, the price of Janaushadhi Medicines is <strong>cheaper at least by 50% and in some cases, by 90%</strong> of the market price of branded medicines.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Performance Analysis:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>In the current financial year 2020-21, PMBJP has already achieved sales of Rs. 593.84 crores. This has<strong> led to savings of approximately Rs. 3600 crores of the common citizens</strong> of the country.</li>
<li>This scheme is also providing a good source of<strong> self-employment</strong> with<strong> sustainable and regular earnings.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1702896" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 10 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7872,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Equine Herpes Virus Outbreak in Europe',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, there has been an outbreak of <strong>Equine Herpes Virus (EHV-1)</strong> <strong>among horses in Europe.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>So far seven countries have confirmed EHV-1 cases: Spain, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Sweden and Qatar.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About Equine Herpes Virus (EHV):</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Equine Herpes Virus is a common <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/novel-strain-of-coronavirus" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>DNA virus</strong></a> that occurs in horse populations worldwide.</li>
<li>EHV is a family of viruses which are named by numbers such as <strong>EHV 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>There are more viruses in this family, but <strong>EHV 1, 3, and 4 pose the most serious health risks for domestic horses.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Health Risks:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>EHV1</strong> can cause manifestations of disease in horses, including <strong>respiratory disease, abortion and neonatal death.</strong></li>
<li>This strain can also cause <strong>neurological problems</strong>, leading to <strong>paralysis</strong> and in some cases, <strong>death.</strong> Horses that contract this virus can develop a <strong>lack of coordination, weakness, loss of appetite and are unable to stand.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Spread of EHV-1 Virus:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is <strong>contagious</strong> and spread by <strong>direct horse-to-horse contact</strong> via the respiratory tract through nasal secretions.</li>
<li>This virus can <strong>also be spread indirectly</strong> through <strong>contact with physical objects</strong> that are contaminated with the virus.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Equine Herpesvirus Myeloencephalopathy (EHM)</strong> is another name for the neurologic disease associated with Equine Herpes Virus (EHV) infections.</li>
<li><strong>Precautions and Treatment:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>As the infection has a high transmission rate, <strong>keeping a diseased horse in isolation</strong> is required.</li>
<li>Treatments may include<strong> anti-inflammatory drugs.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/europe-covid-new-strand-indian-horse-rider-tokyo-olympics-7218735/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:IE</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 11 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7871,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'CERAWeek Global Energy and Environment Leadership Award ',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The <strong>Prime Minister of India</strong> was conferred with the <strong>Global Energy and Environment Leadership Award</strong> by <strong>Cambridge Energy Research Associates (CERA).</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>He was awarded for his commitment to expanding India's leadership in <a href="/to-the-points/paper3/sustainable-development-3" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>sustainable development</strong></a> to meet the country's, and the world's, future energy needs.</li>
<li>He addressed the<strong> CERAWeek</strong> <strong>conference</strong> and <strong>highlighted the steps taken by India</strong> to address the issue of climate change and attaining the target of achieving clean fuel.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About the CERAWeek Global Energy and Environment Leadership Award:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The Award was <strong>instituted in 2016.</strong></li>
<li>It <strong>recognises the commitment of leadership on the future of global energy and environment</strong>, and for offering solutions and policies for energy access, affordability and environmental stewardship.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Cambridge Energy Research Associates (CERA):</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is <strong>a consulting company in the United States</strong> that specializes in advising governments and private companies on energy markets, geopolitics, industry trends, and strategy.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>CERAWeek:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It was <strong>founded in 1983 by Dr. Daniel Yergin.</strong></li>
<li>It is an <strong>annual energy conference, organized in Houston (USA) in March</strong>, since 1983.</li>
<li>CERAWeek <strong>by <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/fall-in-ihs-markit-india-services-business-activity-index" target="_blank" rel="noopener">IHS Markit</a></strong> is the annual international gathering of energy industry leaders, experts, government officials and policymakers, leaders from the technology, financial and industrial communities - and energy technology innovators.</li>
<li><strong>CERAWeek 2021</strong> was convened virtually from 1<sup>st</sup>-5<sup>th</sup> March, 2021.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Theme:</strong> The New Map: Energy, Climate, and Charting the Future.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Highlights of PM Address:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The Prime Minister in his address discussed the key initiatives taken by India to attain climate justice:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/national-hydrogen-energy-mission" target="_blank" rel="noopener">National Hydrogen Mission</a>,</strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/pm-kusum#:~:text=Component%20of%20the%20PM%2DKUSUM,standalone%20solar%2Dpowered%20agriculture%20pumps." target="_blank" rel="noopener">PM KUSUM</a>,</strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="/loksabha-rajyasabha-discussions/in-depth-bs-vi-emission-norms" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Bharat - 6 emission norms</a>,</strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="/to-the-points/Paper2/year-end-review-2019-ministry-of-petroleum-natural-gas" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Give It Up Subsidy Movement</a>,</strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/satat-initiative" target="_blank" rel="noopener">SATAT initiatives</a>,</strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/bioethanol-blending-of-petrol#:~:text=The%20government%20has%20set%20targets,the%20National%20Biofuels%20Policy%2C%202018." target="_blank" rel="noopener">Blending of ethanol</a>,</strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="/to-the-points/paper3/different-irrigation-systems" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Modern techniques of irrigation</a>,</strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/organic-farming-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Organic farming</a>,</strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/third-assembly-of-isa" target="_blank" rel="noopener">International Solar Alliance</a>,</strong></li>
<li>India&rsquo;s commitment towards the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/china-s-renewed-support-for-paris-agreement#:~:text=Paris%20Agreement%20(also%20known%20as,to%20deal%20with%20climate%20change." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Paris Climate Accord</strong></a>, and</li>
<li>Talked of <a href="/to-the-points/paper4/gandhian-ideologies#:~:text=Trusteeship%2D%20Trusteeship%20is%20a%20socio,of%20the%20people%20in%20general." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Mahatma Gandhi&rsquo;s</strong></a> <strong>Principle of Trusteeship.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>At the core of Trusteeship is <strong>collectivism, compassion and responsibility.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1702783" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 12 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7870,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Whale Shark',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, fishers in Odisha rescued a <strong>whale shark.</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1615188079_image2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1615188079_image2.jpg" width="400" caption="false" /></strong></a></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Whale sharks are the <strong>largest shark</strong>, and indeed <strong>largest of any fishes alive today</strong> and they <strong>travel large distances</strong> to find enough food to sustain their huge size, and to reproduce.</li>
<li>The whale shark is a <strong>&lsquo;filter feeder shark&rsquo;</strong> which means it does not eat meat like other sharks. Whale sharks <strong>filter sea water</strong> and <strong>feed on tiny planktons.</strong></li>
<li>The maximum size of whale sharks is not known, but <strong>could be as large as 20m.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Scientific Name:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><em>Rhincodon typus.</em></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Habitat:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Whale sharks are <strong>found in all the tropical oceans</strong> of the world.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Threats:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Oil &amp; gas drilling, shipping lanes</strong> etc.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Protection Status:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/iucn-red-list" target="_blank" rel="noopener">IUCN Red List</a>:</strong> Endangered</li>
<li><strong><a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/cites" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CITES</a>:</strong> Appendix II</li>
<li><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/wild-life-protection-act-implementation-and-failure" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972</a>:</strong> Schedule I</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/wildlife-biodiversity/fishers-in-odisha-rescue-second-whale-shark-in-a-week-75798%23:~:text%3DFishers%2520in%2520Odisha%2520rescued%2520a,%252C%25202021%252C%2520according%2520to%2520officials.%26text%3DFishers%2520had%2520freed%2520a%252015,beach%2520in%2520Odisha%27s%2520Ganjam%2520district.&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1615191518032000&amp;usg=AOvVaw1UnvVFWl1oerNEFZI_ecqC" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: DTE</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 13 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7862,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Biju Patnaik',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The <strong>birth anniversary of Biju Patnaik</strong> was celebrated (5<sup>th</sup> March). He is remembered as a freedom fighter, an Indian politician, an aviator and a businessman.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Brief Profile:<a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1615024521_image5.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1615024521_image5.png" style="float: right;" caption="false" width="191" height="263" /></a></strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Bijayananda Patnaik was<strong> born on 5<sup>th</sup> March 1916,</strong> he is popularly known as Biju Patnaik.</li>
<li>He was an ace pilot and joined the Royal Indian Air Force in 1936.</li>
<li>He was the two times Chief Minister of Odisha.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Role in Freedom Struggle:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Biju Patnaik started his career as a freedom fighter in 1942. He <strong>joined the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/quit-india-movement-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Quit India Movement</a></strong> under the guidance of Mahatma Gandhi to make India free. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>He became a prominent leader of Congress and was engaged in the Quit India Movement with<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/jayaprakash-narayan-and-nanaji-deshmukh-jayanti" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Jay Prakash Narayan</strong></a> and<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/dr-ram-manohar-lohia" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia.</strong></a></li>
<li>In 1943, he <strong>underwent imprisonment for about two years</strong> for his participation in the Quit India Movement.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>He fearlessly undertook covert missions, ferrying freedom fighters to secret meetings with their supporters, and even airdropped leaflets in support of <strong>Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose&rsquo;s <a href="/to-the-points/paper1/subhash-chandra-bose-3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Indian National Army</a>.</strong></li>
<li>He played a major role in <a href="/to-the-points/paper1/world-war-ii" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>World War II</strong> </a>and the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/external-intervention-on-kashmir-issue" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Kashmir War of 1948</strong></a> as a pilot in the Indian Air Force.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Role in Kashmir Integration:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Biju Patnaik had fearlessly flown a DC-3 transport aircraft to Srinagar on 27th October 1947, ferrying soldiers of the Sikh regiment after the tribal invasion from Pakistan in Kashmir.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Role in Indonesian Freedom Struggle:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>On the request of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Biju Patnaik flew to Java and brought Sultan Sjahrir out of Dutch controlled territory in Indonesia for a meeting in Delhi. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>For this act of bravery, he was given honorary citizenship in Indonesia and awarded the <strong>&lsquo;Bhoomi Putra&rsquo;,</strong> the highest Indonesian award, rarely granted to a foreigner.</li>
<li>In 1996, the Biju Patnaik was awarded the highest Indonesian national award, the <strong>&lsquo;Bintang Jasa Utma&rsquo;.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1702783" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 14 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7861,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Dumping Inert Waste in Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The Supreme Court-mandated<strong> Ridge Management Board</strong> has decided to constitute an expert committee to look into the proposal of dumping<strong> inert (non-reactive) waste</strong> in the mines of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/asola-wildlife-sanctuary" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary</strong></a> (Delhi).</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Inert Waste:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Inert waste is waste which is<strong> neither biologically nor chemically reactive</strong> and is waste which <strong>will not decompose</strong> or decompose very slowly.</li>
<li>Inert waste includes, but is not limited to: <strong>construction and demolition material</strong> such as metal, wood, bricks, masonry and cement concrete; <strong>asphalt concrete; metal; tree branches;</strong> bottom <strong>ash from coal fired boilers;</strong> and waste <strong>coal fines</strong> from air pollution control equipment.</li>
<li>These wastes <strong>usually don't pose a threat to the environment, or the health of animals or other people </strong>and will<strong> not endanger the quality of watercourses.</strong></li>
<li>However, when there is a large amount of this type of waste, it can become an issue as it <strong>begins to take up a lot of space.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Asola-Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary covering 32.71 sq km area lies on the Southern Delhi Ridge of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/aravallis-a-mountain-lost" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Aravalli hill range</strong></a>, one of the oldest mountain systems of the world, on Delhi-Haryana border.</li>
<li>An area of 1km around the Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary in Gurugram and Faridabad is an <a href="/to-the-points/paper3/eco-sensitive-zones" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Eco-sensitive zone.</strong></a><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Activities such as commercial mining, setting up of industries, and establishment of major hydro-electric projects are prohibited.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The Asola wildlife sanctuary has <strong>both floral and faunal diversity</strong> in form of<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Wide variety of trees, shrubs, herbs and grasses.</li>
<li>Large numbers of mammals, reptiles, amphibians, butterflies and dragonflies.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Sanctuary comprises around 200 species of <strong>resident and migratory birds.</strong></li>
<li>Wildlife habitats inside the sanctuary act as <strong>a water recharge zone</strong> for Delhi, Faridabad and Gurugram.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1615022762_image4.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1615022762_image4.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="600" caption="false" /></a></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Ridge Management Board:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Background:</strong> The<strong> Supreme Court mandated</strong> the Delhi Government to constitute a <strong>Ridge Management Board for protection of the Delhi Ridge</strong> through their orders in <strong>the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/strict-vs-absolute-liability-principle#:~:text=The%20Supreme%20Court%2C%20in%20the,case%20of%20Delhi%20in%201986.&amp;text=complex%20at%20Delhi%2C%20causing%20damages%20to%20several%20people." target="_blank" rel="noopener">M.C. Mehta case 1987.</a></strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The <strong>Delhi Ridge is the northern extension of the Aravalli Range</strong> covering a distance of about 35km.</li>
<li>The Delhi Ridge acts as the <strong>green lungs of the capital</strong> and, through various government orders over the years, all construction has been banned in the Ridge in an effort to preserve it.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Date of Establishment:</strong> 6<sup>th</sup> October 1995.</li>
<li><strong>Members:</strong> The Chairman of the board is Chief Secretary of Delhi and Head of the Forest Department of Delhi Government is its Member Secretary. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The Board also has members from the<a href="/to-the-points/Paper2/non-governmental-organizations-ngos" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs).</strong></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/panel-to-look-into-proposal-on-dumping-inert-waste-in-bhatti-mines-7216319/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: IE</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 15 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7860,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Pench Tiger Reserve: Maharashtra',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, a female cub of 'man-eater' tigress Avni has been released into the wild in the<strong> Pench Tiger Reserve (PTR) of Maharashtra.</strong></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is located in <strong>Nagpur District of Maharashtra</strong> and named after the pristine <strong>Pench River.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The Pench river flows right through the middle of the park.</li>
<li>It descends from north to south, thereby<strong> dividing the reserve into equal eastern and western parts.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>PTR is the<strong> joint pride</strong> of both<strong> Madhya Pradesh</strong> and <strong>Maharashtra.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The Reserve is located in the southern reaches of the Satpura hills in the Seoni and Chhindwara districts in Madhya Pradesh, and continues in Nagpur district in Maharashtra as a separate Sanctuary.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>It was <strong>declared a National Park by the Government of Maharashtra in 1975</strong> and the identity of a <strong>tiger reserve was granted to it in the year 1998-1999.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>However, PTR Madhya Pradesh was granted the same status in 1992-1993. It is one of the major Protected Areas of <strong>Satpura-Maikal ranges</strong> of the Central Highlands.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>It is among the sites notified as <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/asian-waterbird-census" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Important Bird Areas (IBA)</strong></a> <strong>of India.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The IBA is a programme of Birdlife International which<strong> aims to identify, monitor and protect a global network of IBAs</strong> for <strong>conservation of the world&rsquo;s birds</strong> and associated diversity.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Flora:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The green cover is thickly spread throughout the reserve.</li>
<li>A mixture of<strong> Southern dry broadleaf teak forests</strong> and <strong>tropical mixed deciduous forests</strong> is present.</li>
<li>Shrubs, climbers and trees are also frequently present. <strong>Some of them are unique varieties and possess medicinal as well as healing properties.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Bamboo plantations</strong> are also present nearby the water banks.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Fauna: </strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Mammals:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>These include &ndash; sloth bear, jackal, nilgai, wild dog etc.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Birds:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>This comprises peafowl, magpie robin, pintail, drongo, unia, myna etc.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Major Tiger Reserves of India:</strong></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1615022051_image1.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1615022051_image1.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="600" caption="false" /></strong></a></p>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/cub-of-tigress-avni-released-back-into-wild-after-over-two-years-7216145/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: IE</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 16 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7844,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Similipal Biosphere Reserve: Odisha',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, a massive fire broke out in the <strong>Similipal Biosphere Reserve</strong> in Odisha. The core area of the biosphere was untouched by the fire, however the fire is threatening damage to its rich biodiversity.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Similipal <strong>derives its name from &lsquo;Simul&rsquo; (silk cotton) tree.</strong></li>
<li>It was formally designated a <strong>tiger reserve in 1956</strong> and brought under <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/national-tiger-conservation-authority" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Project Tiger</a> in the year 1973.</strong></li>
<li>It was declared a<strong> biosphere reserve</strong> by the Government of India in <strong>June, 1994.</strong></li>
<li>It has been part of the <a href="/to-the-points/paper3/biosphere-reserves-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserve</strong> </a>since <strong>2009.</strong></li>
<li>It is part of the <strong>Similipal-Kuldiha-Hadgarh Elephant Reserve</strong> popularly known as <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/elephant-corridors-in-odisha" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Mayurbhanj Elephant Reserve</strong></a>, which includes 3 protected areas i.e. Similipal Tiger Reserve, Hadagarh Wildlife sanctuary and Kuldiha wildlife sanctuary.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Location:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is situated in the northern part of Odisha&rsquo;s Mayurbhanj district. Geographically, it lies in the eastern end of the eastern ghat.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Coverage:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The biosphere spread over 4,374 sq. km. has 845 sq. km. of core forest (tiger reserve), 2,129 sq km buffer area and 1,400 sq km of transition space.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Vegetation:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Similipal has 1,076 flowering species and 96 species of orchids. It boasts of having tropical semi-evergreen forests, tropical moist deciduous forests, dry deciduous hill forests, high level sal forests and sprawling meadows.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Tribes:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Two tribes, the<strong> Erenga Kharias</strong> and the <strong>Mankirdias</strong>, inhabit the reserve&rsquo;s forests and practise traditional agricultural activities (the collection of seeds and timber).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Wildlife:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Similipal is home to a wide range of wild animals including tigers and <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/world-elephant-day-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>elephants</strong></a>, besides 304 species of birds, 20 species of amphibians and 62 species of reptiles.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Vulnerability to Forest Fires: </strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Natural:</strong> Natural causes such as lighting or even soaring temperatures can sometimes result in <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/forest-fires" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>forest fires</strong></a> here.</li>
<li><strong>Man Made Factors:</strong> Instances of poaching and hunting wherein the poachers set a small patch of forest on fire to divert the wild animals, can lead to forest fires.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Mitigation Strategies:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Forecasting fire-prone days and including community members to mitigate incidents of fire, creating fire lines, clearing sites of dried biomass, and crackdown on poachers.</li>
<li>The forest fire lines which are strips kept clear of vegetation, could help break the forest into compartments to prevent fires from spreading.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Other Major Protected Areas in Odisha</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>National Parks:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/olive-ridley-turtles" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Bhitarkanika National Park</strong></a>: It is home to the largest congregation of the endangered SaltWater Crocodile in the country.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Wildlife Sanctuaries:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Badrama WLS:</strong> It is characterized by the presence of Moist Sal Forests.</li>
<li><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/irrawaddy-dolphins-in-the-chilika-lake" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Chilika</a> (Nalaban island) WLS:</strong> Asia's largest and world's second-largest lagoon. Recently, direct sightings of school of Irrawaddy dolphins has been reported here.</li>
<li><strong>Hadgarh WLS:</strong> Salandi river passes through it which is home to mugger crocodiles.</li>
<li><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/satkosia-tiger-reserve" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Baisipalli WLS</a>:</strong> It is a sal dominated forest with a significant number of tigers, leopards, elephants, herbivores like Chousingha.</li>
<li><strong>Kotagarh WLS:</strong> It consists of dense deciduous forests with grasslands.</li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/nandankanan-zoological-park" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Nandankanan WLS</strong></a>: First in the world to breed White tiger and Melanistic tiger.</li>
<li><strong>Lakhari Valley WLS:</strong> It is a dwelling place of a large number of elephants.</li>
<li><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/olive-ridley-turtles-5" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Gahirmatha (Marine) WLS</a>:</strong> It is a mass nesting spot in Indian Ocean region and the only turtle sanctuary in Odisha. <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/olive-ridley-turtles-4" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>The Olive Ridley turtles</strong></a> travel across the South Pacific to breed on the coast of Gahirmatha.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/massive-fire-threatens-to-cause-colossal-damage-to-similipal-biosphere/article33981393.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:TH</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 17 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7829,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Exercise Desert Flag-VI: UAE',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>For the first time, the <strong>Indian Air Force (IAF)</strong> is participating in the <strong>Exercise Desert Flag-VI, hosted by the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/india-uae-meet-on-investments" target="_blank" rel="noopener">United Arab Emirates</a></strong> <strong>(UAE) Air Force.</strong></p>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1614757903_image%200.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1614757903_image 0.jpg" width="550" caption="false" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></strong></a></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About:</strong> Ex Desert Flag is an <strong>annual multinational large force employment warfare exercise</strong> hosted by the <strong>UAE Air Force.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Aim:</strong> To provide operational exposure to the participating forces while training them to undertake simulated air combat operations in a controlled environment.</li>
<li><strong>Exercise Desert Flag-VI:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Duration:</strong> It isbout <strong>a three week long exercise</strong> scheduled from 3<sup>rd</sup> - 27<sup>th</sup> March 2021 at <strong>Al-Dhafra air base, UAE.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Participants:</strong> The air forces of the UAE, India, <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/india-usa-bilateral-trade" target="_blank" rel="noopener">United States of America</a>, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/india-france-relations" target="_blank" rel="noopener">France</a>, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/india-saudi-arabia" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Saudi Arabia</a>, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/india-south-korea-relations" target="_blank" rel="noopener">South Korea</a></strong> and <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/india-bahrain" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Bahrain</a></strong>.</li>
<li><strong>India&rsquo;s Participation:</strong> The IAF is participating with six <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/sukhoi-30-mki-equipped-with-the-brahmos-missile" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Su-30 MKI</strong></a>, two <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/indias-new-sop-for-arms-export" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>C-17 Globemasters</strong></a> and one IL-78 tanker aircraft.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Joint Military Exercises with the UAE:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>With the UAE, India has <strong>In-UAE BILAT</strong> (bilateral <strong>naval</strong> exercise) as well as <strong>Desert Eagle-II</strong> (bilateral <strong>air force</strong> exercise).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Recent Engagements:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>India participated in the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/navdex-21-and-idex-21-uae" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>NAVDEX 21 (Naval Defence Exhibition) and IDEX 21 (International Defence Exhibition).</strong></a><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The exhibitions showcase the latest technologies and innovation in the global defence sector, support the growth of UAE&rsquo;s defence industry, and forge new relationships between major international companies.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Examples of Other Multinational Exercises:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/pitch-black" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Pitch Black</strong></a><strong>:</strong> Biennial, multilateral air combat training exercise of <strong>Australia.</strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/us-cancels-red-flag" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Red Flag</a>:</strong> Multilateral air exercise of <strong>USA.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1701975" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 18 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7828,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Black-Browed Babbler Rediscovered ',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, a <strong>Black-Browed Babbler</strong> <em>(Malacocincla perspicillata)</em> was <strong>rediscovered</strong> in southeastern Kalimantan, the part of <strong>Borneo</strong> that is administered by <strong>Indonesia.</strong></p>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1614773593_pasted%20image 0.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1614773593_pasted image 0.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" caption="false" width="353" height="262" /></strong></a></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>History:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>In the <strong>1840s, a mystery bird</strong> was caught on an expedition to the East Indies. It was named as black-browed babbler.</li>
<li>The species was never seen in the wild again, and a stuffed specimen featuring a bright yellow glass eye was the only proof of its existence.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>No Asian bird has been missing for as long as Indonesia&rsquo;s Black-browed Babbler. It has been <strong>missing for the last 170 years.</strong></li>
<li>This bird is often called <strong>'the biggest enigma in Indonesian ornithology&rsquo;.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>About:<a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1614756968_image4.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1614756968_image4.jpg" style="float: right;" width="300" caption="false" /></a></strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It has a <strong>strong bill, chocolate colouring and distinctive black eye-stripe</strong>, its iris is of <strong>striking maroon colour.</strong></li>
<li>It has <strong>brown wings</strong> and a <strong>black stripe</strong> across its brow.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Significance:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Discoveries like this give hope that it's possible to find other species that have been lost to science for decades or longer.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>More than <strong>150 species of birds around the world are considered "lost"</strong> with no confirmed sightings in the past decade.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Protection Status:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/iucn-red-list" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>IUCN Red List:</strong></a> Data Deficient</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-how-after-170-years-a-lost-bird-was-found-in-the-jungles-of-indonesian-borneo-7211451/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: IE</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 19 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7814,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Suryakiran Aerobatic Team',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The<strong> Suryakiran Aerobatic Team (SKAT)</strong> and <strong>Sarang helicopter display team</strong> along with the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/lca-tejas-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Light Combat Aircraft (LCA)</strong></a> will <strong>perform at an air show at Galle Face in Colombo</strong> from 3<sup>rd</sup>-5<sup>th</sup> March 2021 as part the <strong>70<sup>th</sup> anniversary celebrations of the Sri Lankan Air Force (SLAF).</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>This will be the first performance for the SKAT team outside India since it was resurrected in 2015 with Hawk Advanced Jet Trainers (AJT). Earlier, the SKAT team toured Sri Lanka during the 50<sup>th</sup> anniversary of SLAF in 2001.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About the Suryakiran Aerobatic Team:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Establishment:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The team was formed in 1996 with <strong>Kiran Mk-II aircraft</strong> and had enthralled spectators across the country till 2011.</li>
<li>It was <strong>revived in 2015</strong> with Hawk trainers initially with four aircraft and grew to the nine aircraft formation.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Features:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The SKAT team, <strong>also known as 52 Squadron or The Sharks,</strong> is based in Bidar (Karnataka).</li>
<li>Since its inception, the SKAT team has carried out over 600 displays all around the country, it has also <strong>represented India across southeast Asia including China.</strong></li>
<li><strong>1971 Commemorations:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Marking the golden jubilee year of the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/vijay-diwas-50-years-of-indo-pak-war-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>1971 Liberation War of Bangladesh</strong></a>, the SKAT team has been flying different formations over landmarks across the country starting from Kanyakumari in the south.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Sarang Helicopter Display Team:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The Sarang team has<strong> evolved from the ALH Evaluation Flight (AEF) which was formed in 2003</strong> at Bangalore to evaluate the indigenous helicopter prior to its induction into operational service.</li>
<li>The Indian Air Force aerobatic team Sarang (Peacock) comprises <strong>four Indian built Dhruv helicopters</strong> (an Advanced Light Helicopter - ALH, built by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Bangalore).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Aircraft in India:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/naval-variant-of-lca-tejas" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Mk I and MK II</a>,</strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/induction-of-french-rafale-aircrafts-in-iaf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Rafale Aircrafts</a>,</strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/sukhoi-30-mki-equipped-with-the-brahmos-missile" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sukhoi jets</a>,</strong> etc.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/suryakiran-sarang-teams-to-perform-at-colombo-air-show/article33957542.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:TH</strong></a></p>',
		'posturl' => 'suryakiran-aerobatic-team',
		'publishon' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'tag' => 'Quick Facts For Prelims',
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'articles'
	
	}
]
$tags = [
	(int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'id' => (int) 419,
		'tag' => 'Quick Facts For Prelims',
		'colorcode' => 'FFFFFF',
		'posturl' => 'quick-facts-for-prelims',
		'status' => (int) 1,
		'sort_order' => (int) 5,
		'type' => (int) 0,
		'relivant' => (float) 1,
		'metatitle' => 'Quick Facts For Prelims',
		'metakeyword' => 'Quick Facts For Prelims',
		'metadescription' => 'Quick Facts For Prelims',
		'addedby' => (int) 9,
		'updatedby' => (int) 9,
		'added' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'tags'
	
	}
]
$title = 'Article Tags'
$lastyear = (int) 2018
$year = '2021'
$i = (int) 2017
$selected = ''
$m = (int) 13
$month = 'December'

include - ROOT/plugins/Drishti/src/Template/Element/rightsection.ctp, line 100
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1196
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1157
Cake\View\View::_renderElement() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1554
Cake\View\View::element() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 668
include - ROOT/plugins/Drishti/src/Template/Element/articlebox.ctp, line 5
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1196
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1157
Cake\View\View::_renderElement() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1554
Cake\View\View::element() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 668
include - ROOT/plugins/Drishti/src/Template/Articles/tags.ctp, line 61
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1196
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1157
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 765
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 623
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 125
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 93

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