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Kamov-226T : Utility Helicopters

Why in News The Indian Army is going to approach the Defence Ministry for a waiver to take the Kamov-226T (Ka-226T) utility helicopters with...

26 Dec 2020 Quick Facts For Prelims
Shaheen-IX

Why in News China has recently asked India to “objectively” view the on-going month-long military exercises taking place between the...

24 Dec 2020 Quick Facts For Prelims
Legion of Merit: USA

Why in News Recently, the USA has awarded the ‘Legion of Merit’ to the Prime Ministers of India, Japan and Australia. All these four...

23 Dec 2020 Quick Facts For Prelims
Mock Egg

Why in News Recently, a team of scientists from IIT Delhi won an innovation contest (Innovate 4 SDG) organised by the United Nation Development...

23 Dec 2020 Quick Facts For Prelims
Chillai Kalan

Why in News The 40-day intense winter period “chillai kalan” started in Kashmir valley on 21st December with sub-zero night temperatures...

22 Dec 2020 Quick Facts For Prelims
Goa Liberation Day

Why in News The Prime Minister of India greeted the people of Goa on Goa Liberation Day, which falls on 19th December every year. Key Points The...

21 Dec 2020 Quick Facts For Prelims
Monkey Rehabilitation Centre

Why in News A rescue and rehabilitation centre for monkeys(Primate) was opened recently in Telangana. Key Points A primate is any mammal of the...

21 Dec 2020 Quick Facts For Prelims
India-Indonesia Coordinated Patrol

Why in News Recently, the 35th edition of India-Indonesia Coordinated Patrol (IND-INDO CORPAT) between the Indian Navy and the Indonesian Navy has...

18 Dec 2020 Quick Facts For Prelims
Scheme for Approval of Hygiene Rating Audit Agencies

Why in News Recently, the Quality Council of India (QCI) has come out with a scheme for approval of Hygiene Rating Audit Agencies (HRAA). This...

17 Dec 2020 Quick Facts For Prelims
India Water Impact Summit 2020

Why in News Recently, the 5th India Water Impact Summit (IWIS), organised by the National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) and Center for Ganga River...

16 Dec 2020 Quick Facts For Prelims
Vijay Diwas: 50 Years of Indo-Pak War

Why in News India will celebrate 50 Years of Indo-Pak War, also called Swarnim Vijay Varsh on 16th December 2020. Inaugural event of the...

16 Dec 2020 Quick Facts For Prelims
Ramanujan Prize for Young Mathematicians 2020

Why in News The Ramanujan Prize for Young Mathematicians 2020 has been awarded to Dr. Carolina Araujo, Mathematician from the Institute for Pure and...

12 Dec 2020 Quick Facts For Prelims
United Nations Population Award 2020

Why in News Recently, HelpAge India has been presented the UN Population Award for 2020 in the institutional category. Bhutan’s Queen...

11 Dec 2020 Quick Facts For Prelims
Beresheet 2: Israel

Why in News Recently, Israel launched the Beresheet 2 project aimed at landing an unmanned craft on the moon in 2024. Earlier, Israel’s...

10 Dec 2020 Quick Facts For Prelims
New Height for Mount Everest

Why in News Nepal and China have announced the revised height of Mount Everest as 8,848.86 metres. The new height is 86 cm more than the previous...

09 Dec 2020 Quick Facts For Prelims
Cyclone Burevi

Why in News Recently cyclone Burevi has made a landfall on Sri Lanka’s Northern and Eastern provinces, before heading towards south...

04 Dec 2020 Quick Facts For Prelims
India’s Top 10 Police Stations for 2020

Why in News The Ministry of Home Affairs has released a list of the top 10 police stations in India for the year 2020. Key Points The annual...

04 Dec 2020 Quick Facts For Prelims
BSF Raising Day

Why in News 56th 'Raising Day' event of the Border Security Force (BSF) was held on 1st December 2020 in New Delhi. Key Points The BSF was...

02 Dec 2020 Quick Facts For Prelims
Peacock Soft-shelled Turtle

Why in News Recently, Peacock soft-shelled turtle (a turtle of a vulnerable species) has been rescued from a fish market in Assam’s...

01 Dec 2020 Quick Facts For Prelims
World AIDS Day 2020

Why in News The World AIDS Day is observed on 1st December every year all over the world. Key Points It was founded in 1988 by the World Health...

01 Dec 2020 Quick Facts For Prelims

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		'article_id' => (int) 7308,
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		'title' => 'Kamov-226T : Utility Helicopters',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The Indian Army is going to approach the Defence Ministry for a waiver to take the <strong>Kamov-226T (Ka-226T) utility helicopters with Russia.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>In <strong>2015, India and Russia</strong> concluded an <strong>Inter-Governmental Agreement (IGA)</strong> for 200 <strong>Ka-226T helicopters</strong> estimated to cost over USD 1 billion.</li>
<li>The<strong> Kamov-226T</strong> is meant to<strong> replace</strong> the ageing and obsolete <strong><a href="/printpdf/apache-helicopters-for-indian-army" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Cheetah</a> and Chetak</strong> fleets of the Indian Army and the Air Force.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About Kamov-226T helicopter:<a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1608974407_image5.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1608974407_image5.jpg" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="500" caption="false" /></a></strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Design:</strong> The Ka-226T is a design of Russia's famed Kamov design bureau.</li>
<li><strong>Assembling:</strong> A joint venture <strong>India Russia Helicopters Limited (IRHL)</strong> has been set up between <strong><a href="/loksabha-rajyasabha-discussions/the-big-picture-need-to-modernise-indian-air-force" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)</a> and Russian Helicopters (RH)</strong> which will assemble the helicopters in India.</li>
<li><strong>Payload Capacity:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It is a<strong> light helicopter,</strong> with a<strong> maximum take-off weight of over 3.5 tonnes</strong> and can carry a<strong> payload of up to 1 tonne.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Special Features:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The Ka-226T uses <strong>coaxial rotors,</strong> that is, it has two sets of rotors mounted one on top of the other and <strong>typically no tail rotor.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Coaxial rotors</strong> give a helicopter <strong>improvements in lift and payload capacity over conventional choppers.</strong></li>
<li>This is especially <strong>advantageous in high-altitude environments</strong> where an aircraft's performance at take-off tends to diminish due to the lower air density.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The <strong>Ka-226T</strong> also has a unique, <strong>detachable 'mission' compartment instead of a conventional cabin.</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>This allows the helicopter to be adapted for different roles such as <strong>surveillance and cargo delivery.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Issues with the Old Fleet of Helicopters:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>About <strong>75%</strong> of the Army&rsquo;s fleet of <strong>Cheetah and Chetak</strong> helicopters is over <strong>30 years old.</strong> Some of them are about <strong>50 years old</strong> and they need<strong> urgent replacements.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Operational capability has been impacted due to <strong>deficiencies and non-availability of replacement.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Requirement of Helicopters in Indian Army:</strong> There is a requirement of around 400 such helicopters in the army.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/army-to-seek-waiver-from-defence-ministry-to-expedite-helicopter-deal/article33418788.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7292,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Shaheen-IX',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>China has recently asked India to <strong>&ldquo;objectively&rdquo;</strong> view the on-going <strong>month-long military exercises</strong> taking place between the <strong>Chinese</strong> and <strong>Pakistani</strong> air forces, amid <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/transgressions-around-lac" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>increasing tensions</strong></a> with India.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>&ldquo;Shaheen-IX&rdquo; or Eagle-IX exercise,</strong> is an exercise between the <strong>Pakistan Air Force</strong> and the <strong>People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force</strong>.</li>
<li>Shaheen-IX is the <strong>ninth in the series</strong> which is conducted <strong>each year in both countries on alternate basis</strong>.</li>
<li>The first such drill was held in <strong>Pakistan in 2011</strong>.</li>
<li><strong>Other exercises between Pakistan and china:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Sea Guardians:</strong> Bilateral Naval exercise</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>India China exercises:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Hand In Hand:</strong> Bilateral Army exercise</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/take-an-objective-view-on-chinese-pakistan-air-force-drills-china-tells-india/article33385259.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7283,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Legion of Merit: USA',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the <strong>USA has awarded</strong> the <strong>&lsquo;Legion of Merit&rsquo;</strong> to the Prime Ministers of <strong>India, Japan and Australia.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>All these four countries were<strong> key to reviving the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/four%20corners:%20on%20the%20quad%E2%80%99s%20agenda" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Quadrilateral grouping</a></strong> since <strong>2017,</strong> which is part of the<a href="/loksabha-rajyasabha-discussions/the-big-picture-indo-pacific-strategic-importance" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Indo-Pacific strategy</strong> </a>and is aimed at countering the growing dominance of China in the region.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About the Award:<a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1608711374_image2.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1608711374_image2.png" style="float: right;" width="300" caption="false" /></a></strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>One of the USA&rsquo;s highest military decorations,</strong> the award was instituted in <strong>1942</strong> by former President<strong> Franklin D. Roosevelt.</strong></li>
<li>It is<strong> awarded</strong> to <strong>members of the USA armed forces</strong> and also<strong> members of foreign</strong> (i.e. non-USA)<strong> armed forces</strong> and sometimes <strong>heads of state or government.</strong></li>
<li>The award is presented to foreign recipients in<strong> four categories:</strong> Chief Commander, Commander, Officer and Legionnaire.</li>
<li>There have been<strong> two Indian recipients</strong> of the honour in the past:<strong> Field Marshal K M Cariappa</strong> in 1950, and <strong>Gen S M Srinagesh</strong> in <strong>1955.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Current Receivers:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Indian PM</strong> has been given this award for his role in<strong> &ldquo;advancing the India-USA relationship&rdquo;.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The award<strong> recognises the efforts of the people</strong> of India and the USA <strong>to improve bilateral ties,</strong> reflected in the bipartisan consensus in both countries about the<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/india-us-relations-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Indo-USA Strategic Partnership.</strong></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Australian PM</strong> was presented the award for<strong> &ldquo;addressing global challenges and promoting collective security&rdquo;.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Japanese PM</strong> for his<strong> &ldquo;leadership and vision for a free and open Indo-Pacific&rdquo;.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/donald-trump-presents-legion-of-merit-to-pm-modi/article33390370.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7279,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Mock Egg',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, a team of scientists from IIT Delhi won an<strong> innovation contest (Innovate 4 SDG)</strong> organised by the <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/united-nations-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>United Nation Development Programme (UNDP)</strong> </a><strong>Accelerator Lab India</strong> for their innovation of a <strong>&ldquo;plant based mock egg&rdquo;.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/undps-accelerator-lab" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>UNDP Accelerator Lab India</strong></a> seeks to address some of the most pressing issues facing India, such as<strong> air pollution, sustainable water management and client-resilient livelihoods through innovation.</strong></li>
<li>The team secured the <strong>first prize</strong> and won<strong> 5,000 USD</strong> for their innovation.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Mock Egg:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It has been developed from very simple farm based crop proteins, which not only looks and tastes like an egg but is also very close in nutritional profile to poultry eggs.</li>
<li>The development of the mock egg meets the protein needs of the diet-specific, health conscious, vegan and vegetarian people.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The team has also developed <strong>meat analogues for chicken and fish from plant sources using fruits and vegetables.</strong></li>
<li>The plant based textured foods which resemble egg, fish and chicken have been developed with an aim<strong> to address the longstanding battle for <a href="/pdf/malnutrition-in-india-1.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">malnutrition</a> and clean protein food for people.</strong></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/education/iit-delhi-scientist-receives-undp-first-prize-for-innovation-of-plant-based-mock-egg-7113677/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:IE</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7267,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Chillai Kalan',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The<strong> 40-day intense winter period &ldquo;chillai kalan&rdquo;</strong> started in Kashmir valley on 21<sup>st</sup> December with sub-zero night temperatures across the region.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It will continue till January 31.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Chillai Kalan is followed by <strong>Chillai-Khurd</strong> and <strong>Chillai-Bachha.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Chillai Khurd (small cold)</strong> is a 20-day long period which starts from January 31 to February 19.</li>
<li><strong>Chillai-Bachha (baby cold),</strong> a 10-day long period which occurs between February 20 and March 2.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Considered to be the core of winter, Chillai Kalan usually brings snowfall, sub-zero temperatures causing freezing of water bodies including the Dal lake, closure of highways, etc.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/intense-winter-begins-in-jammu-kashmir-with-sub-zero-temperatures/story-rm8hE0s1coZKQuIYp8mtEP.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: HT</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7262,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Goa Liberation Day',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The Prime Minister of India greeted the people of Goa on <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/goa-liberation-day" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Goa Liberation Day</strong></a>, which falls on <strong>19<sup>th</sup> December</strong> every year.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The day marks the occasion when the<strong> Indian armed forces freed Goa in 1961</strong> from 450 years of<strong> Portuguese rule.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The Portuguese colonised several parts of India in<strong> 1510</strong> but by the end of the 19<sup>th</sup>-century Portuguese colonies in India were<strong> limited to Goa, Daman, Diu, Dadra, Nagar Haveli and Anjediva Island</strong> (a part of Goa).</li>
<li>As India gained independence on 15<sup>th</sup> August, 1947, it <strong>requested the Portuguese to cede their territories but they refused.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The Goa liberation movement started off with small scale revolts, but <strong>reached its peak between 1940 to 1960.</strong></li>
<li>In <strong>1961,</strong> after the failure of diplomatic efforts with Portuguese, the Indian Government launched <strong>Operation Vijay and annexed Daman and Diu and Goa</strong> with the Indian mainland on 19<sup>th</sup> December.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>On <strong>30<sup>th</sup> May 1987,</strong> the territory was split and Goa was formed. Daman and Diu remained a Union Territory.</li>
<li>Hence, <strong>30<sup>th</sup> May</strong> is celebrated as the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/statehood-day-of-goa" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Statehood Day of Goa.</strong></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Goa</h3>
<h3><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1608547781_image7.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1608547781_image7.jpg" width="600" caption="false" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></a></h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It is located on the <strong>southwestern coast of India</strong> within the region known as the <strong>Konkan,</strong> and geographically <strong>separated from the Deccan highlands by the Western Ghats.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Capital:</strong> Panji.</li>
<li><strong>Official Language:</strong> Konkani.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Konkani is <strong>one of the 22 languages</strong> from the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/bill-to-change-stature-of-official-languages" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Eight Schedule</strong></a>.</li>
<li>It was added in the list along with <strong>Manipuri and Nepali</strong> by the <a href="/to-the-points/Paper2/major-constitutional-amendments-part-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>71<sup>st</sup> Amendment Act of 1992.</strong></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Borders:</strong> It is surrounded by Maharashtra to the north and Karnataka to the east and south, with the Arabian Sea forming its western coast.</li>
<li><strong>Geography:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The highest point of Goa is<strong> Sonsogor.</strong></li>
<li>Goa's <strong>seven major rivers</strong> are the Zuari, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/mhadei-river" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Mandovi</strong></a> (also called Mhadei), Terekhol, Chapora, Galgibag, Kumbarjua canal, Talpona and the Sal.</li>
<li>Most of Goa's<strong> soil cover is made up of laterites.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Parks:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Dr Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary</li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/mhadei-wildlife-sanctuary" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary</strong></a></li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/black-panther-in-netravali-sanctuary" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Netravali Wildlife Sanctuary</strong></a></li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/demand-for-declaration-of-goa-sanctuaries-as-tiger-reserve" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Cotigao Wildlife Sanctuary</strong></a></li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/demand-for-declaration-of-goa-sanctuaries-as-tiger-reserve" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary</strong></a></li>
<li>Mollem National Park</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1681887" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7257,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Monkey Rehabilitation Centre',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>A rescue and rehabilitation centre for monkeys(Primate) was opened recently<strong> in Telangana.</strong></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>A primate is<strong> any mammal of the group</strong> that includes lemurs, lorises, tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and humans.</li>
<li>It is the <strong>second such facility</strong> for the <strong>primates</strong> in the country. The other such facility in the country is in <strong>Himachal Pradesh.</strong></li>
<li>Previously the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change had declared <strong>Monkeys (Rhesus Macaque)</strong> as<strong> &lsquo;vermin&rsquo;</strong> in Himachal Pradesh.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It allowed local authorities to cull this animal in certain identified non-forest areas in Shimla for one year.</li>
<li>The state government reported harm to life and property including large-scale destruction of agriculture due to the overpopulation of this species outside forests.</li>
<li>Rhesus Macaque monkeys are protected species under <strong>Schedule II</strong> of the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/wild-life-protection-act-implementation-and-failure" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.</strong></a> The law allows for it to be hunted by declaring it<strong> &lsquo;vermin&rsquo;</strong> for a specific period if it poses a danger to human life or property.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Vermin Animal</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>As per<strong> Section 62 of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972,</strong> states can send a list of wild animals to the Centre requesting it to declare them vermin for selective slaughter.</li>
<li>Wildlife laws divide species into <strong>&lsquo;schedules&rsquo;</strong> ranked from<strong> I to V.</strong> Schedule I members are the best protected, in theory, with severe punishments meted out to those who hunt them.</li>
<li>Wild boars, nilgai and rhesus monkeys are<strong> Schedule II and III members,</strong> it is also protected, but can be<strong> hunted under specific conditions.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/lasting-solution-for-monkey-menace/article33379134.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:TH</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7240,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'India-Indonesia Coordinated Patrol',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the <strong>35<sup>th</sup> edition </strong>of <strong>India-Indonesia Coordinated Patrol (IND-INDO CORPAT)</strong> between the Indian Navy and the Indonesian Navy has been conducted.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1608275460_image2.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1608275460_image2.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="400" caption="false" /></a></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Background:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>As part of Government of India&rsquo;s vision of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/sagar-vision#:~:text=In%202015%2C%20India%20unveiled%20it's,in%20the%20Region%20(SAGAR).&amp;text=Through%20SAGAR%2C%20India%20seeks%20to,building%20their%20maritime%20security%20capabilities." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>SAGAR (Security And Growth for All in the Region)</strong></a>, the Indian Navy has been proactively engaging with countries in the Indian Ocean Region for <strong>coordinated patrols, cooperation in<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/unclos-maritime-zones" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)</a> surveillance, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/passex-with-the-usa" target="_blank" rel="noopener">passage exercises&nbsp;</a></strong>and<strong> bilateral/ multilateral exercises.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The main<strong> objective</strong> is towards enhancing regional maritime security.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>IND-INDO CORPAT:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>To reinforce maritime links, the two navies have been carrying out CORPAT along their International Maritime Boundary Line<strong> since 2002.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Aim:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Ensuring <strong>safety and security of shipping and international trade</strong> in the region.</li>
<li>CORPATs build up<strong> understanding and interoperability between navies</strong> and facilitate institution of measures to prevent and <strong>suppress Illegal Unreported Unregulated (IUU) fishing, drug trafficking, maritime terrorism, armed robbery and piracy. </strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Participants in 35<sup>th</sup> Edition:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Indian Naval Ship (INS) Kulish -</strong> an indigenously built missile corvette and<a href="/printpdf/important-facts-for-prelims-3rd-june-2019" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> P8I Maritime Patrol Aircraft (MPA)</strong></a> undertook coordinated patrol along with Indonesian ships.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Significance:</strong> The 35<sup>th</sup> IND-INDO CORPAT will contribute towards the Indian Navy&rsquo;s efforts to consolidate interoperability and <strong>forge strong bonds of friendship across the <a href="/loksabha-rajyasabha-discussions/the-big-picture-indo-pacific-strategic-importance" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Indo-Pacific</a>.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Other Military Exercises with Indonesia:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/exercise-samudra-shakti" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Samudra Shakti</strong></a>: A bilateral <strong>maritime</strong> exercise.</li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/exercise-maitree" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Garuda Shakti</strong></a>: A joint <strong>military</strong> exercise.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1681520#:~:text=The%2035th%20edition%20of,17%20to%2018%20December%202020." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7227,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Scheme for Approval of Hygiene Rating Audit Agencies',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/jodhpur-tops-railway-cleanliness-survey-conducted-by-the-quality-council-of-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Quality Council of India</strong></a> (QCI) has come out with a <strong>scheme for approval of Hygiene Rating Audit Agencies</strong> (HRAA).</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>This move is a part of the <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-national-institutions/food-safety-and-standards-authority-of-india-fssai" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Food Safety and Standards Authority of India&rsquo;s</strong></a> (FSSAI) <strong>Food Hygiene Rating Scheme.</strong></li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Scheme for Approval of Hygiene Rating Audit Agencies:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It will <strong>scale up the hygiene rating</strong> by increasing the number of recognised HRAA in the country.</li>
<li>The recognised HRAA will be<strong> responsible for verifying the compliance with food hygiene and safety procedures laid by FSSAI</strong> and get hygiene rating.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Food Hygiene Rating Scheme:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Initiated by the FSSAI, it is a <strong>certification system for food businesses</strong> supplying food directly to consumers, either on or off-premise.</li>
<li>It <strong>aims to allow consumers to make informed choices/decisions</strong> pertaining to the food outlets where they eat by encouraging food businesses to improve their hygiene and safety standards.</li>
<li>It is <strong>applicable for foodservice establishments</strong> (such as hotels, restaurants, cafeteria, dhabhas, etc), sweet shops, bakeries, meat retail stores, etc.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Quality Council of India</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Set up in <strong>1997,</strong> QCI is a pioneering experiment of the Government of India in <strong>setting up organizations in partnership with the Indian industry.</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Indian industry is represented in QCI by three premier industry associations namely <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/international-conference-on-electric-mobility" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India</strong></a> (ASSOCHAM), <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/fiscal-performance-index" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Confederation of Indian Industry</strong></a> (CII) and FICCI.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Its<strong> mandate</strong> is to<strong> establish and operate the National Accreditation Structure</strong> (NAS) for conformity assessment bodies and providing accreditation in the field of health, education and quality promotion.</li>
<li>Besides the role of putting in place the accreditation structure, it also promotes the adoption of quality standards relating to Quality Management Systems, Food Safety Management Systems and Product Certification and Inspection Bodies through the accreditation services provided by <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/international-equivalence-for-personnel-certification#:~:text=India's%20national%20accreditation%20body%2C%20the,Singapore%20on%2020th%20June%2C%202019." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>National Accreditation Board for Certification Bodies</strong> </a>(NABCB).</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1680753" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7223,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'India Water Impact Summit 2020',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the <strong>5<sup>th</sup> India Water Impact Summit</strong> (IWIS), organised by the <strong>National Mission for Clean Ganga</strong> (NMCG) and <strong>Center for Ganga River Basin Management and Studies</strong> (cGanga) has held virtually.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About the Summit:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>India Water Impact 2020 is <strong>a five-day long summit</strong>, hosting experts and academicians from all over the world to discuss and <strong>debate issues related to water conservation, water security and river rejuvenation</strong>.</li>
<li><strong>Theme:</strong> Comprehensive analysis and holistic management of local rivers and water bodies with focus on <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/arth-ganga-project" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Arth Ganga</a> - river conservation synchronised development.</li>
<li>At the event, <strong>Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research</strong> signed an MoU with cGanga for development of a <strong>sludge management framework</strong> in India.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG):</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is the implementation wing of the <strong>National Council for Rejuvenation, Protection, and Management of River Ganga</strong> also known as <a href="/printpdf/first-meeting-of-national-ganga-council" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>National Ganga Council</strong></a> (set in 2016; which replaced the NRGBA).</li>
<li>NMCG was established in the year <strong>2011 as a registered society</strong>.</li>
<li>It has <strong>a two-tier management structure</strong> and comprises the <strong>Governing Council</strong> and <strong>Executive Committee</strong>.</li>
<li>The aims and objectives of NMCG are:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>To ensure <strong>effective control of pollution and rejuvenation of the river Ganga</strong> by adopting a river basin approach to promote inter-sectoral coordination for comprehensive planning and management.</li>
<li>To maintain <strong>minimum <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/government-notifies-e-flow-for-ganga" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ecological flows</a></strong> in the river Ganga with the aim of ensuring water quality and environmentally sustainable development.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>In 2014, <strong>&lsquo;Namami Gange Programme&rsquo;</strong> was launched as an <strong>Integrated Conservation Mission</strong>, to accomplish the twin objectives of effective <strong>abatement of pollution, conservation, and rejuvenation of National River Ganga</strong>.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The program is <strong>being implemented by the NMCG</strong>, and its state counterpart organization viz., <strong>State Program Management Groups</strong> (SPMGs).</li>
<li>It has a budget outlay of <strong>Rs. 20,000 crore</strong>. The <strong>main pillars</strong> of the programme are:<br />
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li>Sewerage Treatment Infrastructure &amp; Industrial Effluent Monitoring,</li>
<li>River-Front Development &amp; River-Surface Cleaning,</li>
<li>Bio-Diversity &amp; Afforestation, and</li>
<li>Public Awareness.</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Centre for Ganga River Basin Management and Studies (cGanga):</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It was established at the <strong>Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur</strong> (IITK) in 2016.</li>
<li>The Centre is a <strong>Centre of Excellence</strong> for data collection, the creation and dissemination of knowledge and information for the sustainable development of Ganga River Basin.</li>
<li>The centre acts in the capacity of a <strong>comprehensive think-tank to the National Mission for Clean Ganga</strong> (NMCG), in its stated goals and objectives vis-&agrave;-vis the Ganga River Basin.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1680606" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7222,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Vijay Diwas: 50 Years of Indo-Pak War',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>India will celebrate <strong>50 Years of Indo-Pak War</strong>, also called <strong>Swarnim Vijay Varsh</strong> on <strong>16<sup>th</sup> December 2020</strong>.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Inaugural event of the celebration will be held at the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/important-fact-for-prelims-26th-february-2019" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>National War Memorial (NWM)</strong></a> in <strong>New Delhi</strong> which will be attended by the Prime Minister.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The <strong>National War Memorial</strong> is a <strong>tribute to the soldiers</strong> who laid down their lives defending the nation, post-independence it also <strong>commemorates the soldiers</strong> who participated and made the supreme sacrifice in <strong>Peacekeeping Missions, and Counter Insurgency Operations</strong>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/vijay-diwas" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Vijay Diwas</strong></a> is observed on 16<sup>th</sup> December every year to <strong>mark India's victory over Pakistan in the 1971 war</strong>.</li>
<li>The Government of India decided on <strong>3<sup>rd</sup> December 1971</strong>, that India would go for war with Pakistan to <strong>save Bengali Muslims and Hindus</strong>.</li>
<li>This war was fought between India and Pakistan for <strong>13 days</strong>.</li>
<li>On <strong>16<sup>th</sup> December 1971</strong>, the chief of the Pakistani forces with <strong>93,000 soldiers</strong> had <strong>surrendered unconditionally</strong> to the allied forces consisting of Indian Army and Mukti Bahini in Dhaka.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Mukti Bahini</strong> refers to the armed organizations that fought against the Pakistan Army during the Bangladesh Liberation War. It was a guerrilla resistance movement.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Bangladesh was born on this day. Hence, <strong>Bangladesh celebrates its independence day (Bijoy Dibos)</strong> on 16<sup>th</sup> December every year.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1680845" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7193,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Ramanujan Prize for Young Mathematicians 2020',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The <strong>Ramanujan Prize for Young Mathematicians 2020</strong> has been awarded to <strong>Dr. Carolina Araujo,</strong> Mathematician from the Institute for Pure and Applied Mathematics (IMPA), Rio de Janeiro, <strong>Brazil.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>She received the Prize for her<strong> outstanding work in algebraic geometry.</strong> Her work area focuses on <strong>birational geometry,</strong> which aims to classify and describe the structure of algebraic varieties.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Ramanujan Prize for <strong>Young Mathematicians from developing countries has been awarded annually since 2005.</strong></li>
<li>It was <strong>originally instituted</strong> by the International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), the Niels Henrik Abel Memorial Fund, and the International Mathematical Union (IMU).<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The <strong>participation of the Abel Fund ended in 2012.</strong></li>
<li><strong>ICTP:</strong> Founded in 1964 by the late Nobel Laureate Abdus Salam, it seeks to accomplish its mandate by providing scientists from developing countries with the continuing education and skills that they need to enjoy long and productive careers.</li>
<li><strong>IMU:</strong> It is<strong> an international non-governmental and non-profit scientific organization,</strong> with the purpose of promoting international cooperation in mathematics. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It is a <strong>member of the International Science Council (ISC).</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The ISC was <strong>created in 2018</strong> and is an <strong>international non-governmental organization</strong> bringing together the natural and social sciences and the largest global science organization of its type.</li>
<li>It has its office in <strong>Paris, France.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>India is a member country.</strong></li>
<li>IMU Secretariat is located in <strong>Berlin, Germany.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The <strong>Department of Science and Technology of the Government of India (DST) has agreed to fund the Prize,</strong> starting with the 2014 Prize.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It has been supported by DST<strong> in the memory of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/ramanujan-machine#:~:text=generations%20of%20mathematicians.-,Srinivasa%20Ramanujan,the%20memory%20of%20Srinivasa%20Ramanujan." target="_blank" rel="noopener">Srinivasa Ramanujan</a>,</strong> a genius in pure mathematics who was essentially self-taught and made spectacular contributions to elliptic functions, continued fractions, infinite series, and analytical theory of numbers.</li>
<li>In India, <strong>22<sup>nd</sup> December</strong> is celebrated as <strong>National Mathematics Day</strong> in the memory of Srinivasa Ramanujan.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>It is <strong>awarded to a researcher from a developing country</strong> who is<strong> less than 45 years of age on 31<sup>st</sup> December</strong> of the year of the award, and who has <strong>conducted outstanding research in a developing country.</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Researchers <strong>working in any branch</strong> of the mathematical sciences <strong>are eligible.</strong></li>
<li>The Prize carries a <strong>USD 15,000 cash award.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1680017" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 12 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7185,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'United Nations Population Award 2020',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, <strong>HelpAge India</strong> has been presented the<strong> UN Population Award for 2020 in the institutional category.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Bhutan&rsquo;s Queen Mother Gyalyum Sangay Choden Wangchuck</strong> has been awarded the United Nations Population Award in the <strong>individual category</strong> for 2020 for her work on sexual health and ending gender violence.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>United Nations Population Award:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Each year,</strong> the Committee for the United Nations Population Award honours<strong> an individual and/or institution</strong> in recognition of outstanding <strong>contributions to population and reproductive health issues</strong> and solutions.</li>
<li>The Award was <strong>established by the General Assembly in 1981,</strong> and was<strong> first presented in 1983.</strong> It <strong>consists of</strong> a gold medal, a diploma and a monetary prize.</li>
<li>The <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/state-of-the-world-population-2020-unfpa" target="_blank" rel="noopener">United Nations Population Fund</a> (UNFPA)</strong> serves as its<strong> secretariat.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>HelpAge India:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is a<strong> leading charity in India</strong> working with and <strong>for disadvantaged elderly</strong> for nearly 4 decades. It was set up in 1978 and is registered under the Societies&rsquo; Registration Act of 1860.</li>
<li>For the <strong>first time</strong> in the history of the UN Population Award, the honour is being <strong>conferred on an Indian institution.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Only two Indians have been awarded</strong> in the past four decades since the award was established in 1981: former Prime Minister <strong>Indira Gandhi in 1983</strong> and industrialist-philanthropist <strong>J.R.D.Tata in 1992.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>',
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	(int) 13 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7176,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Beresheet 2: Israel',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, Israel launched the<strong> Beresheet 2 project</strong> aimed at landing an<strong> unmanned craft</strong> on the moon in <strong>2024.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Earlier, Israel&rsquo;s<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/tardigrades" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Beresheet probe crash landed</strong></a> on the Moon.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1607585358_image2.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1607585358_image2.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="450" caption="false" /></a></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Background:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The <strong>Beresheet probe was a private mission</strong> to the Moon by Israeli non-profit SpaceIL organisation. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Beresheet in hebrew (spoken in Israel) <strong>means Genesis.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>It was successfully launched in<strong> February 2019,</strong> on board a <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/spacex-s-falcon-heavy-rocket" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Falcon 9 rocket</strong></a> from <strong>Cape Canaveral (USA)</strong> and arrived in lunar orbit in <strong>April 2019.</strong></li>
<li>It suffered an <strong>engine failure</strong> as it prepared to land and <strong>crashed abruptly</strong> on the surface of the <strong>moon.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Beresheet 2:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Objective:</strong> Conducting<strong> experiments and collecting data</strong> on behalf of school students.</li>
<li><strong>Structure:</strong> It will involve launching<strong> two landing craft and an orbiter</strong> that would circle the moon for years.</li>
<li><strong>Cost:</strong> It will cost around <strong>100 million dollars</strong> raised from<strong> international partnerships</strong> and<strong> donors.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Significance: Israel could become the fourth nation</strong> to land a spacecraft on the moon after the<strong> USA, the former Soviet Union and China.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Other Missions to Moon:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>India</strong> has planned a new moon mission named <strong>Chandrayaan-3.</strong> It is likely to be launched in early <strong>2021.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It will be a mission repeat of <a href="/to-the-points/paper3/mission-chandrayaan" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Chandrayaan-2</strong></a> and will include a Lander and Rover similar to that of <strong>Chandrayaan-2,</strong> but will not have an orbiter.</li>
<li><strong>Chandrayaan-2</strong> failed which crushed <strong>India's dream to become the first nation</strong> to successfully touch down on the lunar surface in its maiden attempt.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The <strong>United Arab Emirates (UAE)</strong> has decided to send an <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/uae-s-moon-mission" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>unmanned spacecraft to the moon in 2024.</strong></a></li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/gateway-lunar-orbiting-outpost" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Artemis</strong></a> is a crewed spaceflight program of the<a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/national-aeronautics-and-space-administration-nasa" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> National Aeronautics and Space Administration</strong></a> (NASA) that has the goal of landing <strong>"the first woman and the next man"</strong> on the Moon, specifically at the lunar south pole region <strong>by 2024.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7173,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'New Height for Mount Everest',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p><strong>Nepal and China</strong> have announced the<strong> revised height of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/re-measuring-mount-everest" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Mount Everest</a> as 8,848.86 metres.</strong> The new height is <strong>86 cm more</strong> than the previous measurement.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The new height of <strong>8,848.86 meters</strong> replaced the long-associated <strong>8,848 metre-height,</strong> which was, as per a measurement carried out by the <strong>Survey of India in 1954.</strong></li>
<li>The common declaration meant that the<strong> two countries have shed their long-standing difference</strong> in opinion about the mountain&rsquo;s height &mdash; 8,844 m claimed by China and 8,847 m by Nepal.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Resolving the<strong> three-metre difference,</strong> attributed to China calculating the<strong> &ldquo;rock height&rdquo; underneath the snow</strong> and<strong> Nepal using the &ldquo;snow height&rdquo; which included the snowcap,</strong> was the aim of a joint project.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Everest is also known as <strong>Sagarmatha</strong> in <strong>Nepal</strong> and <strong>Mount Qomolangma</strong> in <strong>China.</strong></li>
<li>The mountain lies on the border between <strong>Nepal and Tibet</strong> and the summit can be accessed from both sides.</li>
<li><strong>Related Information:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It gets its English name from <strong>Sir George Everest,</strong> a colonial-era geographer who served as the <strong>Surveyor General of India</strong> in the mid-19<sup>th</sup> century.</li>
<li>It <strong>was first scaled in 1953</strong> by the Indian-Nepalese <strong>Tenzing Norgay</strong> and New Zealander <strong>Edmund Hillary.</strong></li>
<li><strong>First Survey of Everest:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The first effort was carried out in <strong>1847</strong> by a team led by <strong>Andrew Waugh, Surveyor General of India.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The survey was based on trigonometric calculations and is known as the <strong>Great Trigonometric Survey of India.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The team discovered that <strong>&lsquo;Peak 15&rsquo;</strong> (as Mount Everest was referred to then) was the highest mountain, contrary to the then-prevailing belief that <strong>Mount Kanchenjunga</strong> (8,582 m and the 3<sup>rd</sup> highest peak in the world now) was the highest peak in the world.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Mount K2,</strong> at<strong> 8,611 metres</strong> above sea level, is the<strong> second highest mountain</strong> in the world.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/nepal-china-announce-revised-height-of-mount-everest-as-884886-metres/article33278185.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:TH</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 15 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7131,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Cyclone Burevi',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently <strong>cyclone Burevi</strong> has made a landfall on Sri Lanka&rsquo;s Northern and Eastern provinces, before heading towards south India.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>This comes days after <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/cyclone-nivar" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Cyclone Nivar</strong></a> hit the Puducherry coast.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Named by:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Maldives</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Burevi vs Nivar:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Cyclone Burevi would <strong>not strengthen beyond the intensity of a cyclonic storm</strong> because of <strong>upwelling</strong> caused by Nivar.</li>
<li>Upwelling is the process in which <strong>cooler waters from lower ocean surfaces are pushed towards upper ocean surfaces.</strong></li>
<li>In the absence of warm sea surface conditions, any cyclone, in this case Burevi, will <strong>not get enough fuel to intensify</strong> further while at sea.</li>
<li>Further, interaction with land mass has slowed its movement and intensity.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Tropical Cyclone</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>A tropical cyclone is an intense circular storm that originates <strong>over warm tropical oceans</strong> and is characterized by low atmospheric pressure, high winds, and heavy rain.</li>
<li>A characteristic feature of tropical cyclones is the<strong> eye,</strong> a central region of clear skies, warm temperatures, and low atmospheric pressure.</li>
<li>Storms of this type<strong> are called</strong> hurricanes in the North Atlantic and eastern Pacific and typhoons in SouthEast Asia and China. They are called tropical cyclones in the southwest Pacific and Indian Ocean region and Willy-willies in north-western Australia.</li>
<li>Storms rotate <strong>counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere </strong>and<strong> clockwise in the southern hemisphere.</strong></li>
<li>The conditions favourable for the formation and intensification of tropical storms are:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Large sea surface with<strong> temperature higher than 27&deg;C.</strong></li>
<li>Presence of the Coriolis force.</li>
<li>Small variations in the vertical wind speed.</li>
<li>A pre-existing weak low- pressure area or low-level-cyclonic circulation.</li>
<li>Upper divergence above the sea level system.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/burevi-weakens-into-a-deep-depression/article33244118.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 16 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7130,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'India’s Top 10 Police Stations for 2020',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The <strong>Ministry of Home Affairs</strong> has released a list of the top 10 police stations in India for the year 2020.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The annual ranking is done since <strong>2015</strong> when the Prime Minister announced such an exercise, while addressing the <strong>Directors General of Police&rsquo;s Conference in Kutch, Gujarat.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Objective:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>To rank the top 10 Police Stations out of 16,671 Police Stations in the country through <strong>data analysis, direct observation and public feedback.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Performance Parameter:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Property offences, crimes against women and weaker sections of the society etc.</li>
<li>This year, the government introduced <strong>three new parameters.</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Missing persons, Unidentified found persons and Unidentified dead bodies.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Performance of Police Stations located in<strong> rural and remote areas has been worth appraising.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>This indicates that <strong>while availability of resources is important,</strong> more important is the<strong> dedication and sincerity of police personnel</strong> to prevent and control crime and serve the nation.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Top 3 police station for 2020:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Nongpok Sekmai</strong> police station in <strong>Thoubal district of Manipur</strong> has<strong> topped</strong> the list.</li>
<li><strong>AWPS-Suramangalam</strong> police station in <strong>Salem City</strong> of<strong> Tamil Nadu</strong> ranks second.</li>
<li><strong>Kharsang police station </strong>in<strong> Changlang district</strong> of <strong>Arunachal Pradesh.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Benefits of Annual Ranking:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>To recognize the<strong> hard work and encourage</strong> and instill a sense of<strong> competitiveness</strong> in the police force.</li>
<li>It also provides a picture of the state of <strong>physical infrastructure, resources and deficiencies</strong> at the level of police stations.</li>
<li>The annual exercise of ranking police stations works as a <strong>constant guide for improvements.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/mha-ranking-police-stations-in-ne-south-among-top-performers-7084258/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: IE</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 17 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7119,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'BSF Raising Day',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p><strong>56<sup>th</sup> 'Raising Day'</strong> event of the<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/central-armed-police-force-capf" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Border Security Force</strong> </a>(BSF) was held on<strong> 1<sup>st</sup> December 2020 </strong>in<strong> New Delhi.</strong></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The BSF was raised in <strong>1965 after the India-Pakistan war.</strong></li>
<li>It is one of the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/central-armed-police-force-capf" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>five Central Armed Police Forces</strong></a> of Union of India under the administrative control of the <strong>Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA).</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Other Central Armed Police Forces are: Assam Rifles (AR), Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP), Central Industrial Security Force (CISF), Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), National Security Guards (NSG) and Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The 2.65-lakh force is deployed along the <strong>Pakistan and Bangladesh borders.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is deployed on <strong>Indo-Pakistan International Border, Indo-Bangladesh International Border, Line of Control (LoC) along with Indian Army</strong> and in <strong>Anti-Naxal Operations.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>It has an <strong>air wing, marine wing, an artillery regiment, and commando units.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>BSF has been <strong>defending Sir Creak in Arabian Sea and Sundarban delta in the Bay of Bengal</strong> with its state of art fleet of Water Crafts.</li>
<li>BSF has an instrumental role in helping state administration in maintaining Law and Order and conduct of <strong>peaceful election.</strong></li>
<li>BSF has been crusading against<strong> natural calamity</strong> to save precious human lives as and when warranted.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>It contributes dedicated services to the<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/indian-peacekeepers-in-south-sudan" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> UN peacekeeping Mission</strong></a> by sending a large contingent of its trained manpower every year.</li>
<li>It has been termed as the<strong> First Line of Defence of Indian Territories.</strong></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-how-the-1-5-times-formula-for-crops-msp-is-calculated-7075865/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:IE</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 18 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7105,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Peacock Soft-shelled Turtle',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently,<strong> Peacock soft-shelled turtle</strong> (a <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/world-turtle-day" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>turtle</strong></a> of a<strong> vulnerable species</strong>) has been rescued from a fish market in<strong> Assam&rsquo;s Silchar.</strong></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1606807873_image1.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1606807873_image1.jpg" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="400" caption="false" /></a></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Scientific Name:</strong> <em>Nilssonia hurum.</em></li>
<li><strong>Features:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>They have a <strong>large head, downturned snout</strong> with low and oval carapace of dark olive green to nearly black, sometimes with a yellow rim.</li>
<li>The<strong> head and limbs are olive green;</strong> the <strong>forehead has dark reticulations</strong> and large<strong> yellow or orange patches or spots,</strong> especially behind the eyes and across the snout.</li>
<li><strong>Males</strong> possess <strong>relatively longer and thicker tails</strong> than females.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Habitat:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>This species is confined to<strong> India, Bangladesh and Pakistan.</strong></li>
<li>In india, it is widespread in the northern and <strong>central parts of the Indian subcontinent.</strong></li>
<li>These are found in <strong>rivers, streams, lakes and ponds with mud or sand bottoms.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Major Threats:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The species is <strong>heavily exploited for its meat and calipee</strong> (the outer cartilaginous rim of the shell).</li>
<li>Threats in the River Ganga to the species are those generic for all large river turtles, including <strong>reduction of fish stock,</strong> as a result of <strong>overfishing, pollution, increase in river traffic, and sand-mining,</strong> among others.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Conservation Status:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><a href="/loksabha-rajyasabha-discussions/in-depth-conservation-of-migratory-species" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Wildlife Protection Act, 1972</strong></a>: Schedule I</li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/iucn-red-list" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>IUCN Red List</strong></a>: Vulnerable</li>
<li><a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/cites" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>CITES</strong></a>: Appendix I</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/assam/professor-rescues-vulnerable-turtle-species-from-assam-fish-market-7074419/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:IE</strong></a></p>',
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		'title' => 'World AIDS Day 2020',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/world-aids-day" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>World AIDS Day</strong> </a>is observed on <strong>1<sup>st</sup> December every year</strong> all over the world.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It was founded in <strong>1988</strong> by the <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/world-health-organization-who" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>World Health Organization</strong></a> (WHO) and was the first ever global health day with a motto of raising public awareness about <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/round-table-of-unaids" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome</strong> </a>(AIDS).<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>AIDS is a pandemic disease caused by the infection of <a href="/loksabha-rajyasabha-discussions/hiv-new-hope" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Human Immunodeficiency Virus</strong> </a>(HIV), which damages the human immune system.</li>
<li>In <strong>2019,</strong> 6,90,000 people died from HIV-related causes and 1.7 million people were newly infected, with nearly 62% of these new infections occurring among key populations and their partners.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Theme for 2020:</strong> &ldquo;Global solidarity, resilient HIV services.&rdquo;<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>On World AIDS Day 2020, WHO is calling on global leaders and citizens to rally for &ldquo;global solidarity&rdquo; to<strong> overcome the challenges posed by <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/coronavirus-disease-named-covid-19" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Covid-19</a> on the HIV response.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>HIV prevention, testing, treatment and care services are all being disrupted</strong> particularly in countries with fragile health systems.</li>
<li>Slowing progress means the world will be missing the <strong>&ldquo;90-90-90&rdquo; targets for 2020,</strong> which were to ensure that: <strong>90%</strong> of people living with HIV are aware of their status, <strong>90%</strong> of people diagnosed with HIV are receiving treatment, and <strong>90%</strong> of all people receiving <strong>treatment</strong> have achieved <strong>viral suppression.</strong></li>
<li>Any slowing down in provision of these services will leave many vulnerable populations at greater risk of HIV infection and AIDS-related deaths and missing these intermediate targets will make it difficult to <strong>achieve the target of elimination of AIDS by 2030.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>In<strong> 2020,</strong> the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/2020-as-year-of-the-nurse-and-midwife-who" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>International Year of the Nurse and the Midwife</strong></a>, it is a call for more protection and support to these health workers who have long been on the frontline of HIV service delivery.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Significance:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It reminds the public and government that <strong>HIV has not gone away</strong> and there is still a <strong>vital need to raise money, increase awareness, fight prejudice and improve education.</strong></li>
<li>It is an <strong>opportunity to show solidarity</strong> with the millions of people living with HIV worldwide.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>',
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