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International Press Institute

Why in News Recently, the International Press Institute (IPI) has highlighted that the impunity with which crimes against journalists are committed...

31 Oct 2020 Quick Facts For Prelims
National Unity Day 2020

Why in News Every year, the National Unity Day (Rashtriya Ekta Diwas) is celebrated on 31st October to commemorate the birth anniversary of Sardar...

31 Oct 2020 Quick Facts For Prelims
DRIP Phase II and Phase III

Why in News Recently, the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs, chaired by the Prime Minister, has approved the Dam Rehabilitation and Improvement...

30 Oct 2020 Quick Facts For Prelims
Typhoon Molave: Vietnam

Why in News Recently, Vietnam has been hit by one of its biggest storms in two decades - Typhoon Molave. Vietnam is prone to natural disasters in...

30 Oct 2020 Quick Facts For Prelims
Depreciation of Rupee

Why in News Recently, the Indian rupee depreciated below the 74 levels against the US dollar. Key Points The rupee depreciated by 16 paise to...

30 Oct 2020 Quick Facts For Prelims
59th Raising Day of the ITBP

Why in News The Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) celebrated its 59th Raising Day on 24th October 2020. Key Points Indo-Tibetan Border Police...

29 Oct 2020 Quick Facts For Prelims
Kumhar Sashaktikaran Yojana

Why in News Recently, electric pottery wheels to 100 potter families in Maharashtra were distributed under the Kumhar Sashaktikaran Yojana (KSY) of...

29 Oct 2020 Quick Facts For Prelims
Electronic Exchange of Customs Data

Why in News Recently, the Department of Posts, Government of India (India Post) and United States Postal Service signed an agreement for electronic...

28 Oct 2020 Quick Facts For Prelims
Single Male Parent

Why in News Male Government employees who are single parents will now be eligible for child care leave. Key Points Aim: Ease-of-living for...

28 Oct 2020 Quick Facts For Prelims
Kochi-Muziris Biennale

Why in News In the wake of the pandemic, the 5th edition of the Kochi-Muziris Biennale has been postponed to 1st November 2021, which was earlier...

27 Oct 2020 Quick Facts For Prelims
Indira Rasoi Yojana: Rajasthan

Why in News Recently, over 50 lakh people have benefited from Indira Rasoi Yojana (a kitchen scheme), in Rajasthan. The scheme was launched in...

26 Oct 2020 Quick Facts For Prelims
Kisan Suryodaya Yojana: Gujarat

Why in News Recently, the Prime Minister has launched the ‘Kisan Suryodaya Yojana’ aimed at providing day-time electricity to farmers in...

26 Oct 2020 Quick Facts For Prelims
INS Kavaratti

Why in News Recently, INS Kavaratti has been formally inducted into the Indian Navy at the Naval Dockyard in Eastern Naval Command (ENC),...

23 Oct 2020 Quick Facts For Prelims
India International Science Festival 2020

Why in News The 6th edition of the India International Science Festival (IISF) will be held virtually in 2020. The 5th edition was held in...

21 Oct 2020 Quick Facts For Prelims
Nazca Lines: Peru

Why in News Recently, a giant cat geoglyph was discovered on a hill at the famous Nazca Lines site in Peru. Key Points The Nazca Lines: These...

21 Oct 2020 Quick Facts For Prelims
Frontier Technologies Cloud Innovation Center

Why in News Recently, the NITI Aayog and Amazon Web Services (AWS) have announced the establishment of a Frontier Technologies Cloud Innovation...

20 Oct 2020 Quick Facts For Prelims
Nobel Prize 2020

The Nobel Prizes regarded as the most prestigious awards given for intellectual achievement in the world are awarded annually from a fund bequeathed...

19 Oct 2020 Quick Facts For Prelims
SLINEX-20: India- Sri Lanka Naval Maritime Exercise

Why in News The 8th edition of annual India – Sri Lanka bilateral naval maritime exercise, SLINEX-20 will be held at Trincomalee, Sri Lanka...

19 Oct 2020 Quick Facts For Prelims
Kala Sanskriti Vikas Yojana

Why in News Recently, the Ministry of Culture has issued guidelines for holding cultural events/activities in virtual/online mode under various...

17 Oct 2020 Quick Facts For Prelims
36th NSG Raising Day

Why in News National Security Guard (NSG) Raising Day is celebrated on 16th October. Key Points Formation: The decision to form an anti-terror...

17 Oct 2020 Quick Facts For Prelims

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		'article_id' => (int) 6894,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'International Press Institute',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the <strong>International Press Institute</strong> (IPI) has highlighted that the impunity with which crimes against journalists are committed continued to rise as governments had failed to probe the cases.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>This move comes ahead of the<strong> International Day to End Impunity for Crimes against Journalists</strong> which is celebrated on<strong> 2<sup>nd</sup> November every year.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/united-nations-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>United Nations General Assembly</strong></a> proclaimed the day in the General Assembly Resolution of <strong>December 2013.</strong></li>
<li>It urged the Member States <strong>to implement definite measures countering the culture of impunity.</strong></li>
<li>The date was chosen in <strong>commemoration of the assassination of two French journalists in Mali</strong> on<strong> 2<sup>nd</sup> November 2013.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>IPI is a <strong>Vienna-based global network</strong> of <strong>editors, media executives and leading journalists</strong> who share a common dedication to quality, independent journalism.</li>
<li><strong>Formation:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>In 1950, to promote and protect press freedom and to improve the practices of journalism, 34 editors from 15 countries gathered at <strong>Columbia University</strong> and formed the global organisation.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The year <strong>2020</strong> marks its <strong>70<sup>th</sup> anniversary.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The <strong>original Secretariat was set up in 1951 in Z&uuml;rich</strong> (Switzerland), which was shifted to<strong> London in 1976</strong> and then to <strong>Vienna in 1992.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Objectives:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>To promote conditions that<strong> allow journalism to fulfil its public function,</strong> the most important of which is the media&rsquo;s <strong>ability to operate free from interference and without fear of retaliation.</strong></li>
<li>To<strong> defend media freedom and the free flow of news</strong> wherever they are threatened.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 6893,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'National Unity Day 2020',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Every year, the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/national-unity-day" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>National Unity Day</strong></a> (Rashtriya Ekta Diwas) is celebrated on <strong>31<sup>st</sup> October</strong> to commemorate the birth anniversary of <strong>Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Prime Minister launched the <strong>seaplane service</strong> from Ahmedabad to the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/statue-of-unity" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Statue of Unity</strong></a>, Kevadia.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The day was <strong>celebrated for the first time in 2014,</strong> when the Government of India decided to celebrate Patel&rsquo;s birthday as the National Unity Day to recognise his monumental contribution and service to the nation.</li>
<li>On this day, several events like Run For Unity, a nationwide marathon to increase awareness about Patel&rsquo;s contributions, National Unity pledge, Ekta Parade, etc. are organised.</li>
<li>In <strong>2018,</strong> the Government unveiled the <strong>Statue of Unity</strong> in Gujarat in Patel&rsquo;s honour.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is the <strong>tallest statue</strong> (182-meter) <strong>in the world.</strong></li>
<li>In January 2020, it was added in the <strong>&lsquo;Eight Wonders&rsquo;</strong> of the <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/important-international-institutions-shanghai-cooperation-organisation-sco" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Shanghai Cooperation Organisation</strong></a> (SCO).</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel<a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1604138475_image3.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1604138475_image3.png" style="float: right;" width="200" caption="false" /></a></h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Born:</strong> 31<sup>st</sup> October 1875 in Nadiad, Gujarat.</li>
<li><strong>Achievements:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>First Home Minister and Deputy Prime Minister of India.</li>
<li><strong>Headed various Committees of the Constituent Assembly of India,</strong> namely:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Advisory Committee on Fundamental Rights.</li>
<li>Committee on Minorities and Tribal and Excluded Areas.</li>
<li>Provincial Constitution Committee.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Integrated the farmer&rsquo;s cause in Kheda Satyagraha (1918) and Bardoli Satyagraha (1928) with the national freedom movement.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Women of Bardoli bestowed the title &lsquo;Sardar&rsquo;</strong> on Vallabhbhai Patel, which means &lsquo;a Chief or a Leader&rsquo;.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Known as the <strong>&ldquo;Iron Man of India&rdquo;</strong> for playing an important role in unification and <a href="/to-the-points/paper1/integration-of-princely-states-after-independence" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>integration of Indian princely states</strong></a> into the Indian federation and for convincing princely states to align with the Indian Union.</li>
<li>Requested the people of India to <strong>live together by uniting <em>(Ek Bharat)</em></strong> in order<strong> to create a foremost India<em> (Shresth Bharat).</em></strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>This ideology still reflects in the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/atma-nirbhar-bharat-abhiyan-challenges" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Atmanirbhar Bharat</strong></a> initiative which seeks to make India self-reliant.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Remembered as the <strong>&lsquo;Patron Saint of India&rsquo;s Civil Servants&rsquo;</strong> as he <strong>established the modern all-India services system.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Death:</strong> 15<sup>th</sup> December 1950 in Bombay.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/sardar-patel-unity-nda-6910484/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: IE</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 6885,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'DRIP Phase II and Phase III',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the <strong>Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs,</strong> chaired by the Prime Minister, has approved the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/important-facts-for-prelims-20th-september-2018-#:~:text=Dam%20Rehabilitation%20and%20Improvement%20Project%20(DRIP)&amp;text=Project%20was%20started%20in%202012,to%20be%20completed%20in%202018.&amp;text=It%20is%20an%20externally%2Daided,by%20the%20States%20%2F%20Central%20Government." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Dam Rehabilitation and Improvement Project</strong> </a>(DRIP) <strong>Phase II and Phase III.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It envisages <strong>comprehensive rehabilitation of 736 existing dams</strong> located across the country and complements the<a href="/loksabha-rajyasabha-discussions/the-big-picture-dam-safety-bill-2019" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Dam Safety Bill, 2019.</strong></a></li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Objectives:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>To improve the safety and performance of selected existing dams and associated appurtenances in a sustainable manner.</li>
<li>To strengthen the dam safety institutional setup in participating states as well as at the central level.</li>
<li>To explore the alternative incidental means at few of selected dams to generate the incidental revenue for sustainable operation and maintenance of dams.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Project Cost and Funding: Rs. 10,211 crore.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Financial assistance of Rs. 7,000 from the <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/world-bank-group" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>World Bank</strong></a> and the <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/asian-infrastructure-investment-bank" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank</strong></a> (AIIB).</li>
<li>Rs. 3,211 crore is to be borne by the <strong>concerned implementing agencies in the states.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Implementation Period:</strong> Over a <strong>period of 10 years</strong> from <strong>April 2021 to March 2031,</strong> in two phases of six years duration with two years overlapping.</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Dam Rehabilitation and Improvement Project</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It was<strong> started in 2012</strong> and was <strong>scheduled to be completed in 2018.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>In September 2018, the Government <strong>approved its revised cost estimates</strong> along with a <strong>two-year time extension from 2018 to 2020,</strong> for the completion.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Apart from its general objectives, it also <strong>aims at ensuring the safety of downstream population and property</strong> that are affected in the case of a dam failure or operational failure.</li>
<li>It was initially taken up <strong>for the repair and rehabilitation of dam projects across the seven states of India,</strong> namely Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Tamil Nadu and Uttarakhand.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1668405" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 6884,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Typhoon Molave: Vietnam',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, <strong>Vietnam</strong> has been hit by one of its biggest storms in two decades - Typhoon Molave.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Vietnam is<strong> prone to natural disasters</strong> in the rainy season between June and November, with central coastal provinces commonly impacted, but the storms have notably worsened in recent years.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1604053177_image3.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1604053177_image3.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="600" caption="false" /></a></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Typhoon is a <strong>regionally specific name</strong> for a strong <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/hurricane-nana" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>"tropical cyclone".</strong></a><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Tropical cyclones are known as <strong>&lsquo;typhoons&rsquo;</strong> in the <strong>northwest pacific ocean, hurricanes</strong> in the<strong> North Atlantic Ocean, Willy-willies</strong> in <strong>north-western Australia</strong> and <strong>Tropical Cyclones</strong> in the <strong>Indian Ocean Region.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>A tropical cyclone is a <strong>generic term</strong> used by meteorologists to describe <strong>a rotating, organized system of clouds and thunderstorms</strong> that originates over tropical or subtropical waters and has closed, low-level circulation.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Tropical cyclones <strong>rotate counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere.</strong></li>
<li>These are measured by the <strong>Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Naming of Typhoons:</strong> The <strong>Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre (RSMC) Tokyo - Typhoon Centre</strong> assigns a tropical cyclone a name from the five lists. The name<strong> &lsquo;Molave&rsquo;</strong> is contributed by the<strong> Philippines.</strong></li>
</ul>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 6879,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Depreciation of Rupee',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the Indian rupee depreciated below the 74 levels against the US dollar.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The rupee depreciated by 16 paise to settle against the previous low of August 73.87 against the US dollar.</li>
<li>The rupee depreciation is on account of global risk aversion. The investors are preferring a stable US dollar over rupee.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Under<strong> risk aversion,</strong> an investor prefers lower returns with known risks rather than higher returns with unknown risks.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The US dollar is advancing not only against the rupee but also against major currencies due to the surging <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/covid-19-now-pandemic-who" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Covid-19</strong></a> cases.</li>
<li>The escalating Covid-19 cases in Europe has stoked fears across markets that fresh lockdowns would further hit the already fragile economic recovery.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Appreciation and Depreciation of Currency</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>In a<strong> floating exchange rate system,</strong> market forces (based on demand and supply of a currency) determine the value of a currency.</li>
<li><strong>Currency Appreciation:</strong> It is an <strong>increase in the value of one currency</strong> in relation to another currency. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Currencies appreciate against each other for a variety of reasons, including government policy, interest rates, trade balances and business cycles.</li>
<li>Currency appreciation <strong>discourages a country's export activity</strong> as its products and services become costlier to buy.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Currency Depreciation:</strong> It is a <strong>fall in the value of a currency</strong> in a floating exchange rate system. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Economic fundamentals, political instability, or risk aversion can cause currency depreciation.</li>
<li>Currency depreciation <strong>encourages a country's export activity</strong> as its products and services become cheaper to buy.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/business/markets/rupee-slips-below-74usd-level-in-early-trade/article32970326.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 6875,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => '59th Raising Day of the ITBP',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The <strong>Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP)</strong> celebrated its 59th Raising Day on 24th October 2020.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Indo-Tibetan Border Police Force (ITBPF) is a <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/central-armed-police-force-capf" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Central Armed Police Force</strong></a> functioning under the <strong>Ministry of Home Affairs</strong>, Government of India. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Other Central Armed Police Forces are:</strong> <strong>Assam Rifles</strong> (AR), <strong>Border Security Force</strong> (BSF), <strong>Central Industrial Security Force</strong> (CISF), <strong>Central Reserve Police Force</strong> (CRPF), <strong>National Security Guards</strong> (NSG) and<strong> Sashastra Seema Bal</strong> (SSB).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The ITBP was <strong>raised on 24<sup>th</sup> October, 1962 during the India-China War</strong> and is a border guarding police force specializing in high altitude operations.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Presently, ITBP is <strong>deployed on border guarding duties from Karakoram Pass in Ladakh to Jachep La in Arunachal Pradesh</strong> covering <strong>3488 km of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/india-china-conflict" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Indo-China Border</a></strong>.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>ITBP Border Out Posts are of the height upto 18,750 feet where the temperature dips down minus 40 degree Celsius.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The Force is also deployed for <a href="/loksabha-rajyasabha-discussions/naxalism-left-wing-extremism-internal-security-threat-vulnerabilities" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Anti Naxal operations</strong></a> and other <strong>internal security duties</strong>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>ITBP was<strong> initially raised under the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) Act, 1949</strong>. However, in 1992, parliament enacted the <strong>ITBPF Act</strong> and the rules were framed in 1994.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1667290" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 6872,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Kumhar Sashaktikaran Yojana',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, electric pottery wheels to 100 potter families in Maharashtra were distributed under the <strong>Kumhar Sashaktikaran Yojana (KSY)</strong> of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/important-facts-for-prelims-7th-may-2019" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC)</strong></a>.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Kumhar Sashaktikaran Yojana (KSY)</strong> was launched in 2018.</li>
<li><strong>Aim:</strong> To strengthen and improve the living of potters in the country by making them self reliant <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/atma-nirbhar-bharat-abhiyan-challenges" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>(Atma Nirbhar)</strong></a>.</li>
<li><strong>Features:</strong> Providing potters with modern equipment and training to reconnect them with the society and revive their art.</li>
<li><strong>Implementation:</strong> KVIC has created proper marketing channels including tie-up with the Indian Railway for selling the products of potters.</li>
<li><strong>Benefits:</strong> Proper training and distribution of advanced equipment under the scheme has <strong>eliminated drudgery</strong> from the process of pottery making and also <strong>resulted in increasing the production by 3-4 times</strong>.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>This has led to an <strong>increase in income of potters</strong> manifolds.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Other Initiatives for Potters:</strong> The <a href="/to-the-points/Paper2/year-end-review-2019-ministry-of-micro-small-and-medium-enterprises" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME)</strong></a> has announced expansion of and doubling of support to potters. This include:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Encouraging successful traditional potters to set up units under the<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/pmegp-and-cgtmse" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Prime Minister&rsquo;s Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP)</strong></a> scheme.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>PMEGP is a credit-linked subsidy scheme which promotes self-employment through setting up of micro-enterprises.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Setting up of <strong>clusters</strong> in <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/support-to-self-employment-schemes-msme" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Terracotta</strong></a>, <strong>Red clay pottery,</strong> with new innovative value added products to build pottery to crockery/tile making capabilities under the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/support-and-outreach-initiative-for-msme-sector" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>SFURTI scheme</strong></a>.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The <strong>Scheme of Fund for Regeneration of Traditional Industries</strong> (SFURTI) aims to make traditional industries more productive and competitive by organizing the traditional industries and artisans into clusters.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC)</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>KVIC is a <strong>statutory body</strong> established under the <strong>Khadi and Village Industries Commission Act, 1956</strong>.</li>
<li>The KVIC is charged with the <strong>planning, promotion, organisation and implementation of programmes</strong> for the development of Khadi and other village industries in the rural areas in coordination with other agencies engaged in rural development wherever necessary.</li>
<li>It functions under the <a href="/to-the-points/paper3/micro-small-and-medium-enterprises-msme" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises</strong></a>.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1668125" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 6861,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Electronic Exchange of Customs Data',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the <strong>Department of Posts, Government of India (India Post) and United States Postal Service</strong> signed an<strong> agreement</strong> for <strong>electronic exchange of customs data</strong> related to postal shipments between the two countries.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Objective:</strong> The primary objective of this agreement is to facilitate <strong>&lsquo;ease of exports&rsquo;</strong> for small and large exporters through postal channels from different parts of the country.</li>
<li><strong>Features:</strong> The agreement will make it <strong>possible to transmit and receive electronic data of international postal items prior to their physical arrival at the destination</strong> and would<strong> enable customs clearance of postal items in advance</strong> in line with the evolving global postal framework.
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Exchange of Electronic Advance Data (EAD)</strong> will be a key driver towards <strong>promoting mutual trade</strong> with emphasis on the exports.
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>USA is the top export destination for India</strong> (~17%) which is also reflected in exchange of goods through postal channels.</li>
<li>In 2019, around 20% of international <strong>Express Mail Service (EMS)</strong> and 30% of Letters &amp; Small Packets transmitted by India Post were destined to the USA whereas 60% of the Parcels received by India Post were originated from the USA.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Benefit:</strong> This will fulfill a major demand of the export industry to expedite customs clearances of export items and will contribute towards making India an Export Hub for the world.
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The agreement will also improve the performance of postal services in terms of reliability, visibility and security.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>India Post</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>India Post is the <strong>trade name for the Department of Posts (DoP), a</strong> government-operated postal system in <strong>India under the Ministry of Communications.</strong></li>
<li>With 1, 55,531 Post Offices, the DoP has the most widely distributed postal network in the world.</li>
<li><strong>Functions:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Delivering mails, accepting deposits under <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/government-cuts-interest-rates-on-nsc-ppf" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Small Savings Schemes</strong></a>, providing life insurance cover under Postal Life Insurance (PLI) and Rural Postal Life Insurance (RPLI) and providing retail services like bill collection, sale of forms, etc.</li>
<li>It also acts as an agent for the Government of India in discharging other services for citizens such as <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/sub-group-of-chief-ministers-on-coordination-between-mgnrega-and-agriculture" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS)</strong> </a>wage disbursement and old age pension payments.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1667915" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 6860,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Single Male Parent',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p><strong>Male Government employees</strong> who are single parents will now be<strong> eligible for child care leave.</strong></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Aim: Ease-of-living</strong> for government servants.</li>
<li><strong>Eligibility:</strong> Male government employees who were <strong>single parents.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Single male parents,</strong> includes unmarried employees, widowers and divorcees, who may be expected to take up the responsibility of caring for a child single-handedly.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Features:</strong> Child care leave can be <strong>granted at 100% of leave salary for the first 365 days</strong> and <strong>80% of leave salary for the next 365 days.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>In case of a<strong> disabled child,</strong> the condition of availing child care leave up to the age of 22 years of the child has been removed and now <strong>child care leave can be availed by a government servant for a disabled child of any age.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Child Care Leave:</strong> It is treated as <strong>earned leave</strong> and is generally granted to women employees. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Women employees having <strong>minor children (children upto 18 years of age)</strong> may be granted child care leave for a <strong>maximum period of two years (i.e. 730 days)</strong> during their entire service for taking care of upto two minor children</li>
<li>The child care leave is granted either for rearing children or to look after any of the needs of children like examination, sickness etc.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/male-govt-employees-who-are-single-parents-can-now-take-child-care-leave-mos-jitendra-singh-6888174/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: IE</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 9 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 6856,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Kochi-Muziris Biennale',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>In the wake of the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/covid-19-now-pandemic-who" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>pandemic</strong></a>, the <strong>5<sup>th</sup> edition of the Kochi-Muziris Biennale</strong> has been <strong>postponed to 1<sup>st</sup> November 2021,</strong> which was earlier set to be inaugurated on 12<sup>th</sup> December 2020.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Kochi-Muziris Biennale is an <strong>art exhibition and festival</strong> that is the<strong> largest of its kind in South Asia</strong> and is organised by the <strong>Kochi Biennale Foundation</strong> at Kochi, Kerala.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The Foundation is a<strong> non-profit charitable trust</strong> engaged in <strong>promoting art and culture and educational activities</strong> in India.</li>
<li>It works throughout the year to <strong>strengthen contemporary art infrastructure</strong> and to<strong> broaden public access to art</strong> across India through a diverse range of programmes.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>In mythology, <strong>Muziris was a port city,</strong> among the earliest of its kind in the world and when <strong>Kerala established itself as a major center for spice,</strong> the ancient port of Muziris <strong>emerged as its hub.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Currently, the<strong> Muziris Heritage Project</strong> is one of the biggest conservation projects in India, where the state and the central governments have come together to conserve a rich culture that is as old as 3000 years or more.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The biennale<strong> exhibits artworks across a variety of mediums</strong> including film, installation, painting, sculpture, new media and performance art and also offers seminars, screenings, music, workshops and educational activities for school children and students.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/kochi-muziris-biennale-2020-has-been-postponed-bose-krishnamachari-6884249/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: IE</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 10 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 6840,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Indira Rasoi Yojana: Rajasthan',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, over 50 lakh people have benefited from <strong>Indira Rasoi Yojana</strong> (a kitchen scheme), in Rajasthan. The scheme was launched in August 2020.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Aim:</strong> To <strong>provide nutritious food to the poor and needy</strong> twice a day at concessional rates. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Under the scheme, each plate serves 100 grams of pulses and vegetables each, 250 grams of chapati and pickles.</li>
<li>It aligns with the <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/world-food-day-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">World Food Day&rsquo;s</a> 2020 theme</strong> to grow, nourish and sustain together.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Implementation:</strong> The <strong>local voluntary organisations</strong> have been roped in for establishing the centres near the places such as bus stands, railway stations and hospitals and for successful implementation of the scheme.</li>
<li><strong>Background:</strong> The current Rajasthan government scrapped the previous<strong> Annapurna Rasoi Yojana</strong> which was offering breakfast and lunch on the lines of Tamil Nadu&rsquo;s Amma Unavagam (mother&rsquo;s canteen).</li>
<li><strong>Monitoring: A committee headed by the District Collector</strong> will be monitoring the implementation of the scheme. A<strong> special app</strong> has also been created for monitoring the food quality.</li>
<li><strong>Target:</strong> The scheme targets to serve 1.34 lakh people per day in the state. Till now the scheme has benefitted 50.30 lakh persons across the State.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/over-50-lakh-benefit-from-nutritious-food-scheme-in-rajasthan/article32882176.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 11 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 6839,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Kisan Suryodaya Yojana: Gujarat',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the Prime Minister has launched the <strong>&lsquo;Kisan Suryodaya Yojana&rsquo;</strong> aimed at providing <strong>day-time electricity to farmers in Gujarat</strong> for irrigation and farming purposes.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Prime Minister also launched a<strong> 2.3 km-long ropeway project on Mount Girnar</strong> in Junagadh city, a major pilgrimage site.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Kisan Suryodaya Yojana:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Rs. 3,500 crore</strong> will be spent over the <strong>next three years</strong> for providing solar power to farmers for irrigation during daytime (5 AM to 9 PM).</li>
<li>About<strong> 3,500 circuit kilometers (CKM) of new transmission lines</strong> will be laid.</li>
<li><strong>10 districts</strong> including Dahod, Gir-Somnath and Tapi have been selected under the Scheme for 2020-21. The remaining districts will be covered in a phase-wise manner by 2022-23.</li>
<li><strong>Significance:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It would help in the <strong>expansion of micro irrigation</strong> in the state. Micro irrigation is defined as the frequent application of small quantities of water directly above and below the soil surface; usually as discrete drops, continuous drops or tiny streams through emitters placed along a water delivery line.</li>
<li>It would complement irrigation projects of the State- <strong>Sujalam Sufalam</strong> and<strong> SAUNI (Saurashtra-Narmada Avtaran Irrigation) yojana.</strong></li>
<li>It would <strong>complement central government initiatives</strong> like <a href="/to-the-points/Paper2/year-end-review-2019-ministry-of-chemicals-fertilizers" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>neem coating urea</strong></a>, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/soil-health-card-scheme-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Soil Health Cards</strong></a>, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/new-website-of-ministry-of-new-and-renewable-energy" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>KUSUM Yojana</strong></a>, etc.</li>
<li>India has now reached<strong> 5<sup>th</sup> position in the world</strong> in the last few years in<strong> solar power</strong> and is advancing fast. Further, it has given the world the plan of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/one-sun-one-world-one-grid-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>&lsquo;One Sun, One World, One Grid&rsquo;.</strong></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Note</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>On the <strong>Kisan Suryodaya scheme,</strong> the PM emphasised that farmers should save water and adopt the mantra <strong>&lsquo;per drop, more crop&rsquo;.</strong></li>
<li>With the objective of "per drop, more crop", <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/mobile-application-for-geo-tagging-pmksy" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY)</strong> </a>was also <strong>launched in 2015.</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is a <strong>centrally sponsored scheme</strong> being implemented to expand cultivated areas with assured irrigation, reduce wastage of water and improve water use efficiency and ensure<strong> "Har Khet Ko Paani".</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>It was conceived by amalgamating ongoing schemes viz.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP)</strong> of the Ministry of Water Resources, River Development &amp; Ganga Rejuvenation (now Ministry of Jal Shakti),</li>
<li><strong>Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP)</strong> of Ministry of Rural Development and</li>
<li><strong>On Farm Water Management (OFWM)</strong> of Department of Agriculture and Cooperation (DAC).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The scheme is implemented by the <strong>Ministries of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Jal Shakti and Rural Development.</strong></li>
</ul>
</div>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Ropeway Project on Mount Girnar:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The 2.3 km- long ropeway project is being touted as the l<strong>ongest temple ropeway in Asia.</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Mount Girnar has <strong>Gorakhnath peak, Guru Dattatreya peak </strong>and<strong> a Jain temple.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>It is the <strong>fourth ropeway in Gujarat</strong> along with Banaskantha, Pavagadh and Satpura.</li>
<li>It will give a <strong>boost to adventure activities as well as tourism</strong> in the state.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Sites like <strong>Shivarajpur beach</strong> which has got <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/eight-indian-beaches-recommended-for-blue-flag" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>blue flag certification</strong> </a>and <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/statue-of-unity" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Statue of Unity</strong></a>, provides a lot of employment opportunities to the locals.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/pm-modi-inaugurates-three-projects-in-gujarat/article32935777.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
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		'title' => 'INS Kavaratti',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, <strong>INS Kavaratti</strong> has been formally inducted into the Indian Navy at the<strong> Naval Dockyard in Eastern Naval Command</strong> (ENC),<strong> Visakhapatnam.</strong></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It is <strong>named after the capital of the Lakshadweep group </strong>of islands.</li>
<li>It is the<strong> last of the four indigenously built Anti-Submarine Warfare</strong> (ASW) <strong>stealth corvettes</strong> built under <strong>Project 28 (Kamorta class),</strong> by <strong>Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers</strong> (GRSE), Kolkata.</li>
<li>The ship is regarded as<strong> one of the most potent ASW stealth corvettes</strong> to have been constructed in India as it joins three other ships of the same class <strong>INS Kamorta, INS Kadmatt</strong> and <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/samudra-laksamana" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>INS Kiltan</strong></a>, at the ENC.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Its induction is a game-changer in the eastern seaboard, especially with the <strong>Chinese submarines trying to increase their presence in the Indian Ocean.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>It has <strong>enhanced stealth features</strong> resulting in <strong>reduced Radar Cross Section</strong> (RCS) <strong>achieved by the superstructure along with optimally sloped surfaces.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>INS Kavaratti and INS Kiltan are the<strong> first two major warships</strong> in the country to have the unique feature of the<strong> superstructure made of carbon fibre composite material.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>It has <strong>high indigenous content</strong> with the<strong> state-of-the-art equipment</strong> and systems to fight in <strong>Nuclear, Biological and Chemical (NBC) warfare conditions.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Some of the major equipment/ systems developed indigenously include <strong>Combat Management System, Torpedo Tube Launchers</strong> and <strong>Infra-Red Signature Suppression System,</strong> etc.</li>
<li>The high level of indigenisation incorporated in the production accentuates the objectives of <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/atma-nirbhar-bharat-abhiyan-challenges" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Atmanirbhar Bharat</a> Initiative.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The ship is the <strong>reincarnation of the erstwhile Arnala Class missile corvette</strong> of the same name, <strong>INS Kavaratti-P 80,</strong> a ship that played an important role in the <strong>liberation of Bangladesh in 1971.</strong></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1666771" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 13 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 6804,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'India International Science Festival 2020',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The 6<sup>th</sup> edition of the <strong>India International Science Festival (IISF)</strong> will be held virtually in 2020.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/fifth-india-international-science-festival#:~:text=The%20Prime%20Minister%20of%20India,%2D%208th%20November%2C%202019." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>5<sup>th</sup> edition</strong></a> was held in Kolkata in 2019.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>IISF:</strong> It is a festival to <strong>celebrate the achievements of India&rsquo;s scientific and technological advancements</strong> with students, innovators, craftsmen, farmers, scientists and technocrats from India and abroad.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It was<strong> launched in 2015</strong> to<strong> promote Science and Technology</strong> and demonstrate how science could lead India towards a developed nation within a short span of time.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Aim:</strong> To <strong>engage the public with science</strong> and celebrate the joy of science and show the ways how science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) provide solutions to improve people's lives.</li>
<li><strong>Organising Agencies: Ministry of Science &amp; Technology</strong> and <strong>Ministry of Earth Sciences</strong> in association with <strong>Vijnana Bharati (VIBHA)</strong> organise IISF <strong>every year.</strong></li>
<li><strong>IISF 2020:</strong> The <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-national-institutions/council-of-scientific-and-industrial-research" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)</strong></a> will spearhead the IISF 2020 with support of all other concerned ministries and departments.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>CSIR is<strong> funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Vijnana Bharati</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Swadeshi Science Movement</strong> was started in <strong>Indian Institute of Science- Bengaluru</strong> by a few eminent scientists under the guidance of <strong>Prof. K I Vasu.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>This movement gradually gained momentum and emerged as an organization with national presence.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>In <strong>1991,</strong> it was decided to launch the Swadeshi Science Movement at all India Level and named it Vijnana Bharati.</li>
<li>It&rsquo;s one of the<strong> objectives</strong> is to motivate young scientists towards greater creativity and originality.</li>
<li>It is headquartered in<strong> New Delhi.</strong></li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1666172" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 6803,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Nazca Lines: Peru',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, a giant cat geoglyph was discovered on a hill at the famous <strong>Nazca Lines site</strong> in Peru.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>The Nazca Lines:<a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1603277210_image4.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1603277210_image4.png" style="float: right;" width="350" caption="false" /></a></strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>These are a group of geoglyphs known for the <strong>depictions of larger-than-life animals, plants and imaginary beings.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Geoglyphs are the <strong>large designs made on the ground</strong> by creators using elements of the landscape such as stones, gravel, dirt or lumber.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>These are believed to be the <strong>greatest known archaeological enigma,</strong> owing to their <strong>size, continuity, nature</strong> and<strong> quality.</strong></li>
<li>The site is <strong>around 450 km away from capital Lima.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Drawn more than 2 millennia ago</strong> on the surface of southern Peru&rsquo;s arid Pampa Colorada, the geoglyphs feature different subjects, but mainly plants and animals. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The figures include pelicans (the largest ones sized around 935 feet long), Andean Condors (443 feet), monkeys (360 feet), etc.</li>
<li><strong>Variety of geometric shapes</strong> such as triangles, trapezoids and spirals, and some have been associated with astronomical functions.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Discovery and Heritage Site:</strong> The Lines were<strong> first discovered</strong> in <strong>1927,</strong> and were declared a <a href="/to-the-points/paper1/world-heritage-sites-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>World Heritage Site by UNESCO</strong></a> in <strong>1994.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>The Cat Geoglyph:<a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1603277229_image2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1603277229_image2.jpg" style="float: right;" width="350" caption="false" /></a></strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Cultural Linkage:</strong> It dates from 500 BC &ndash; 200 AD <strong>(Paracas age).&nbsp;</strong>The cat geoglyph is believed to be older than the ones previously found at Nazca.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The<strong> Paracas culture</strong> was an Andean society existing between approximately 800 BCE and 100 BCE, with an extensive knowledge of irrigation and water management. It was in present day Peru in the Paracas Desert region.</li>
<li>Representations of felines of this type are frequent in the iconography of ceramics and textiles of the Paracas society.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/cat-geoglyph-peru-nazca-lines-6813164/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: IE</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 6794,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Frontier Technologies Cloud Innovation Center',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-national-institutions/niti-aayog-national-institution-for-transforming-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>NITI Aayog</strong></a> and <strong>Amazon Web Services</strong> (AWS) have announced the establishment of a <strong>Frontier Technologies Cloud Innovation Center</strong> (CIC), the first of its kind in India.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>AWS is a subsidiary of Amazon,</strong> multinational tech and online-shopping giant.</li>
<li>It provides on-demand <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/edge-computing" target="_blank" rel="noopener">cloud computing</a> platforms</strong> and <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/open-api-service-in-aarogya-setu" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Application Programming Interfaces</strong></a> (API) to individuals, companies, and governments, on a metered pay-as-you-go basis.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>CIC is part of the<strong> AWS CIC Global Program,</strong> which provides an <strong>opportunity for government agencies, nonprofits and educational institutions, to come together</strong> on pressing challenges, apply design thinking, test new ideas, and access the technical expertise of AWS.</li>
<li><strong>Frontier Technologies CIC</strong> will <strong>identify and prioritise projects</strong> as well as <strong>collaborate with local leaders,</strong> including subject matter experts at the state and district levels, to solve critical challenges.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Local enterprises, start-ups, researchers, and universities in India can experiment and build prototypes on AWS Cloud.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>It is aligned to the visions of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/atma-nirbhar-bharat-abhiyan-challenges" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Aatmanirbhar Bharat Mission</strong></a> and the<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/aim-icrest-niti-aayog" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Atal Innovation Mission.</strong></a></li>
<li><strong>Aims of Frontier Technologies CIC:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>To <strong>address societal challenges</strong> through digital innovation.</li>
<li>To <strong>enable budding innovators and start-ups</strong> and help in piloting state-of-the-art, cloud-centric digital innovations by leveraging emerging technologies such as <a href="/loksabha-rajyasabha-discussions/in-depth-artificial-intelligence" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>artificial intelligence</strong></a> (AI), <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/india-must-get-on-the-iot-highway-fast#:~:text=Internet%20Of%20Things%20(IoT)%20is%20a%20computing%20concept%20that%20describes,than%20the%20object%20by%20itself." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Internet of Things</strong></a> (IoT), <a href="/loksabha-rajyasabha-discussions/policy-watch-robotics-and-automation-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>robotics</strong></a>, etc.</li>
<li>To <strong>identify and deploy leading-edge technologies to drive continuous innovation</strong> in delivering citizen services.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1665845" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 6783,
		'category_id' => (int) 27,
		'title' => 'Nobel Prize 2020',
		'description' => '<p>The Nobel Prizes regarded as the most prestigious awards given for intellectual achievement in the world are awarded annually from a fund bequeathed for that purpose by the Swedish inventor and industrialist Alfred Nobel.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It is announced every year for excellence in Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature, Economics, and a distinguished achievement towards humanity &ndash; commonly known as the Nobel Peace Prize.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Physiology/Medicine</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Nobel Prize has been awarded to American medical researchers and virologists <strong>Harvey J Alter</strong> and<strong> Charles M Rice,</strong> and British scientist<strong> Michael Houghton</strong> for the discovery of Hepatitis C which was discovered in 1982 by screening millions of DNA samples.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The discovery of<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/world-hepatitis-day" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Hepatitis C</strong></a> virus revealed the cause of the remaining cases of chronic hepatitis and made possible blood tests and new medicines that have saved millions of lives.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Hepatitis:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Hepatitis refers to an <strong>inflammatory condition of the liver.</strong></li>
<li>It&rsquo;s commonly caused by a<strong> viral infection,</strong> but there are other possible causes of hepatitis like autoimmune responses, medications, drugs, toxins, and alcohol.</li>
<li>There are 5 main <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/world-hepatitis-day" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>hepatitis</strong> </a>viruses, referred to as types A, B, C, D, and E.</li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/world-hepatitis-day" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>World Hepatitis Day</strong></a> is observed each year on 28<sup>th</sup> July to enhance awareness of viral hepatitis.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Hepatitis C is caused by the <strong>Hepatitis C Virus (HCV).</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The first, (hepatitis A), is transmitted by polluted water or food and generally has little long-term impact on the patient.</li>
<li>The second type is transmitted through blood and bodily fluids and represents a much more serious threat since it can lead to a chronic condition.</li>
<li>This form of hepatitis is insidious, as otherwise healthy individuals can be silently infected for many years before serious complications arise.</li>
<li>It is transmitted through direct contact with infected body fluids, typically through injection drug use and sexual contact.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>Physics</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/nobel-prize-in-physics-2019" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Nobel Prize in Physics</strong></a> for the year 2020 was awarded to three astrophysicists <strong>Roger Penrose</strong> from the UK, <strong>Reinhard Genzel</strong> from Germany, and<strong> Andrea Ghez</strong> from the USA.</li>
<li>Roger Penrose received half of this year&rsquo;s prize for the discovery that a <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/blacl-holes-dark-matter" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>black hole</strong></a> formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The theory explains gravity, as objects try to follow a straight line through a universe whose geometry is warped by matter and energy. As a result, planets, as well as light beams, follow curving paths.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Genzel and Ghez received the second half of the prize for the discovery of a <strong>supermassive black hole</strong> at the centre of the Milkyway galaxy, now known to be the Sagittarius A*. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It has a mass four million times that of the Sun and is confined to an area roughly the size of our Solar System.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>What is a black hole?</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The term &lsquo;black hole&rsquo; was coined in the mid-1960s by American Physicist <strong>John Archibald Wheeler.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Black hole refers to a point in space where matter is so compressed as to create a gravity field from which even light cannot escape.</li>
<li>Black-holes were<strong> theorized</strong> by <strong>Albert Einstein</strong> in 1915.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>All the black holes observed so far belong to two categories:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>One category ranges between a few solar masses and tens of solar masses. These are thought to form when massive stars die.</li>
<li>The other category is of supermassive black holes. These range from hundreds of thousands to billions of times that of the sun from the Solar system to which Earth belongs.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>In April 2019, the scientists at the Event Horizon Telescope Project released the<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/first-images-of-a-black-hole" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> first-ever image of a Black Hole</strong></a> (more precisely, of its shadow).<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The image was made possible by the Event Horizon Telescope which is a group of 8 radio telescopes (used to detect radio waves from space) located in different parts of the world.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/intermediate-mass-black-hole" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Gravitational waves</strong></a> are created when two black holes orbit each other and merge.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>Chemistry</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Emmanuelle Charpentier</strong> of France and <strong>Jennifer A Doudna</strong> of the USA have been awarded the 2020 <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/nobel-prizes-2019" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Nobel Prize</strong> </a>in Chemistry for developing CRISPR/Cas9 genetic scissors, one of gene technology&rsquo;s sharpest tools.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is for the first time a Nobel science prize has gone to a women-only team.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The <strong>CRISPR/Cas9 genetic scissors</strong> can be used to change the<strong> deoxyribonucleic acid</strong> (DNA) of animals, plants and microorganisms with extremely high precision.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The CRISPR/Cas9 tool has already <strong>contributed to significant gains in crop resilience,</strong> altering their genetic code to<strong> better withstand drought and pests.</strong></li>
<li>The technology has contributed to new<strong> cancer</strong> therapies.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>CRISPR Technology</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The CRISPR (short for <strong>Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats</strong>) technology for gene-editing was first developed in 2012.</li>
<li>It makes gene sequencing very easy, simple and extremely efficient providing nearly endless possibilities.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Editing, or modifying, gene sequences is not new and has been happening for several decades now, particularly in the field of agriculture, where several crops have been genetically modified to provide particular traits.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The technology replicates a natural defence mechanism in Streptococcus pyogenes that use a similar method to protect itself from virus attacks.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>A DNA strand, when broken, has a natural tendency to repair itself but the auto-repair mechanism can lead to the re-growth of a problematic sequence.</li>
<li>Scientists intervene during this auto-repair process by supplying the desired sequence of genetic codes, which replaces the original sequence.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>Peace</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The 2020 Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded to the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/food-crisis-amid-covid-19" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>World Food Programme</strong> </a>(WFP), a <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/united-nations-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>United Nations</strong> </a>(UN) agency, for its efforts to combat hunger, bettering conditions for peace in conflict-affected areas and preventing the use of hunger as a weapon of war and conflict.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The WPF is the UN&rsquo;s primary agency that works upon <strong>Eradicating Hunger</strong> which is one the UN&rsquo;s <a href="/to-the-points/paper3/sustainable-development-3" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Sustainable Development Goals.</strong></a></li>
<li>The WFP provided assistance to close to 100 million people in 88 countries who are victims of acute food insecurity and hunger.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>WFP in India:</strong> It has been working in India since 1963 where it has focused upon reforms in the <a href="/to-the-points/paper3/public-distribution-system-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Targeted Public Distribution System</strong> </a>(TPDS) and provided policy inputs, advocacy and technical assistance for improving access to food.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The WFP has proposed unique initiatives like <strong>Automatic Grain Dispensing Machine (Annapurti)</strong> and<strong> Mobile Storage Units</strong> for the effective implementation of TPDS.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>World Food Programme</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It was established in 1961 by the <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/important-facts-for-prelims-22nd-march-2019" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Food and Agriculture Organisation</a> (FAO)</strong> and the<strong> United Nations General Assembly (UNGA)</strong> and became a full-fledged UN programme in 1965.</li>
<li><strong>Headquarter:</strong> Rome, Italy.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>Economic Sciences</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>American economists, <strong>Paul Milgrom and Robert Wilson</strong> have been awarded the <strong>Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences,</strong> 2020 for their work on commercial auctions. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The award is <strong>popularly but incorrectly</strong> known as Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences, (as it is not one of the five Nobel prizes that Alfred Nobel established in his will in 1895, it is not a Nobel Prize).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>It was created in 1968 by a donation from Sweden's central bank Sveriges Riksbank to the<strong> Nobel Foundation to commemorate the bank's 300<sup>th</sup> anniversary</strong> and includes a <strong>10 million Swedish kronor award money</strong> (₹8.33 crores roughly).</li>
<li>Milgrom and Wilson improved the auction theory and invented new auction formats for auctioning off many interrelated objects simultaneously, on behalf of a seller motivated by broad societal benefit rather than maximal revenue.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Robert Wilson</strong> developed the theory for auctions of objects with a common value &ndash; a value which is uncertain beforehand but, in the end, is the same for everyone.</li>
<li><strong>Paul Milgrom</strong> formulated a more general theory of auctions that not only allows common values, but also private values that vary from bidder to bidder.</li>
<li>Their work will benefit <strong>sellers, buyers and taxpayers</strong> around the world. It will help in auctioning goods and services, such as<strong> radio frequencies,</strong> which are difficult to sell in traditional ways.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Auction Theory</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Auction theory studies how auctions are designed, what rules govern them, how bidders behave and what outcomes are achieved.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Auctions are important to economists because they are the most widely used and also the <strong>most efficient mechanism to allocate scarce resources.</strong></li>
<li>The allocation of scarce resources, in turn, matters to economists because there is a limited supply of resources on earth when compared to unlimited human needs, and hence they need to be allocated only to the most urgent needs of society.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Application of auction:</strong> Auctions happen almost everywhere in the modern world. Even the sale of groceries in retail stores is based on an auction, albeit an implicit one that is relatively slow to adjust to changing market conditions.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The oldest form of auction is the auction of a bankrupt person&rsquo;s property to pay off his creditors. This simple design of such an auction is the highest open bidder getting the property (or the commodity in question).</li>
<li><strong>Allocation of capital good:</strong> More sophisticated and explicit auction mechanisms are used in the allocation of capital goods such as spectrum and minerals. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Over time, the format of auctions has widened to include other commodities such as carbon dioxide emission credits, electricity or the right to collect the local garbage etc.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>For e.g.</strong> a supermarket manager, just as an auctioneer, tries to price his goods based on how much of it is sold during a certain day, week, or month. If there is a huge demand for a certain product and shelves empty quickly, the supermarket manager will raise its price to prevent a shortage. If another product fails to sell as fast as expected, its price may be lowered in order to clear any unsold inventory.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>But whether it is the auction of spectrum waves or the sale of fruits and vegetables, auctions are at the core of allocation of scarce resources in a market economy.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Auction models:</strong> Different auction models are needed for depending upon the commodities, purpose of the auction and the entities conducting the auction.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>For e.g.</strong> Maximizing the profit may be the motive of a private auction while making a service affordable can be the purpose of auctioning a service by the government. Wrong auction design can lead to a second-hand market where companies trade among themselves with little revenue accruing to the government or little benefit to the public.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>How an auction is designed, has a tremendous impact not just on the buyers and the sellers but also on the broader society.</li>
<li><strong>Key variables:</strong> Three key variables need to be understood while designing an auction.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Rules of Auction</strong> i.e. closed/sealed bids, single bids versus multiple bids.</li>
<li><strong>Commodity or service</strong> being put up for auction i.e. how does each bidder value an item.</li>
<li><strong>Uncertainty</strong> regarding which bidder has what information about the object, or even the value another bidder associates with the object.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>Literature</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Nobel Prize in Literature 2020 has been awarded to the USA poet <strong>Louise Gl&uuml;ck</strong> "for her unmistakable poetic voice that with austere beauty makes individual existence universal."<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Her poetry focuses on the painful reality of being human, dealing with themes such as death, childhood, and family life.</li>
<li>She is the fourth woman to win the prize for literature since 2010, and only the 16<sup>th</sup> since the Nobel prizes were first awarded in 1901.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The Nobel Prize comes with a medal and a prize sum of 10 million Swedish kronor.</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Contribution of Indians</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Poet and writer <strong>Rabindranath Tagore</strong> was the <strong>first non-European and Indian</strong> to get a Nobel Prize in 1913 in literature.</li>
<li>India received its first Nobel Prize in physics in 1930, when scientist Sir <strong>Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman</strong> was awarded &ldquo;for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him&rdquo;. This phenomenon is now known as Raman Effect.</li>
<li><strong>Har Gobind Khorana</strong> shared his 1968 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine with Robert W Holley and Marshall W Nirenberg. The trio was honoured <strong>&ldquo;for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis&rdquo;.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Mother Teresa</strong> won the 1979 Nobel Peace Prize. She was a Roman Catholic nun who was born in Albania. She founded the Missionaries of Charity in Kolkata and worked all her life for the poor. She became an <strong>Indian citizen</strong> as well. She received the prize for her &ldquo;work in bringing help to suffering humanity&rdquo;.</li>
<li>Indian physicist <strong>Subramanyan Chandrasekhar</strong> was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physics, which he shared with physicist William Alfred Fowler. He was awarded <strong>&ldquo;for theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars&rdquo;.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Amartya Sen</strong> was the winner of the 1998 Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences. He was rewarded &ldquo;for his contributions to welfare economics&rdquo;.</li>
<li>India&rsquo;s first Nobel Prize in the field of chemistry was won by <strong>Venkatraman Ramakrishnan.</strong> He received the 2009 Nobel Prize<strong> &ldquo;for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome&rdquo;.</strong> He shared the award with Thomas A Steitz and Ada E Yonath.</li>
<li><strong>Kailash Satyarthi,</strong> along with Malala Yousafzai, received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2014. He received the honour &ldquo;for the struggle against the suppression of children and young people, and for the right of all children to education.&rdquo;</li>
<li>The Indian-American economist <strong>Abhijit Banerjee</strong> was awarded the Nobel Prize in economics along with Esther Duflo and Michael Kremer. The trio received the award for their<strong> &ldquo;experimental approach to alleviating global poverty.&rdquo;</strong></li>
</ul>
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		'article_id' => (int) 6778,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'SLINEX-20: India- Sri Lanka Naval Maritime Exercise',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The 8<sup>th</sup> edition of <strong>annual India &ndash; Sri Lanka bilateral naval maritime exercise, SLINEX-20</strong> will be held at Trincomalee, Sri Lanka from 19 to 21 October 2020.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The <strong>7<sup>th</sup> edition of SLINEX was conducted off Visakhapatnam</strong> in September 2019. SLINEX series of bilateral maritime exercises <strong>were initiated in 2005.</strong></li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Aim:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>SLINEX aims to <strong>enhance interoperability, improve mutual understanding and exchange best practices</strong> and procedures for multi-faceted maritime operations between both navies.</li>
<li>It exemplifies the deep engagement between India and Sri Lanka which has strengthened mutual cooperation in the maritime domain.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>The 2020 Exercise:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>In SLINEX-20, the Indian Navy will be represented by<strong> Indigenously built ASW corvette Kamorta </strong>and<strong> Kiltanunder.</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Indian Navy <strong>Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH)</strong> and <strong>Chetak helicopters</strong> and Dornier Maritime Patrol Aircraft will also be participating.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The Sri Lanka Navy will be represented by <strong>SLN Ships Sayura (Offshore Patrol Vessel) and Gajabahu (Training Ship).</strong></li>
<li>The maritime exercise will also <strong>showcase capabilities of India&rsquo;s indigenously constructed naval ships and aircraft.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Surface and anti-air exercises including weapon firing, seamanship evolutions, manoeuvres and cross deck flying operations</strong> are planned during the exercise, which will further enhance the high degree of interoperability already established between the two friendly navies.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Covid Impact:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The exercise is being conducted in a <strong>non-contact &lsquo;at-sea-only&rsquo;</strong> format in the backdrop of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/covid-19-now-pandemic-who" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Covid-19 pandemic.</strong></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Outcome:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The exercise plays a significant role in strengthening bilateral ties and also reiterating India&rsquo;s policy of <strong>&lsquo;Neighbourhood First&rsquo; </strong>and<strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/sagar-vision" target="_blank" rel="noopener">&lsquo;Security and Growth for all in the Region</a> (SAGAR)&rsquo;.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 100%; height: 19px; text-align: center; background-color: #413f75;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Important Bilateral and Multilateral Defence Exercises</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 39.4904%; height: 19px; background-color: #edffeb;">Indra</td>
<td style="width: 60.5096%; height: 19px; background-color: #edffeb;">India-Russia Naval Exercise</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 39.4904%; height: 19px; background-color: #edffeb;">Malabar</td>
<td style="width: 60.5096%; height: 19px; background-color: #edffeb;">US-India-Japan Naval Exercise</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 39.4904%; height: 19px; background-color: #edffeb;">Varuna</td>
<td style="width: 60.5096%; height: 19px; background-color: #edffeb;">France and India Naval Exercise</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 39.4904%; height: 19px; background-color: #edffeb;">Simbex</td>
<td style="width: 60.5096%; height: 19px; background-color: #edffeb;">India and Republic of Singapore Naval Exercise</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 39.4904%; height: 19px; background-color: #edffeb;">Ibsamar</td>
<td style="width: 60.5096%; height: 19px; background-color: #edffeb;">India, Brazil and South Africa Naval Exercise</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 39.4904%; height: 19px; background-color: #edffeb;">Konkan</td>
<td style="width: 60.5096%; height: 19px; background-color: #edffeb;">India and Britain Naval Exercise</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 39.4904%; height: 19px; background-color: #edffeb;">Ausindex</td>
<td style="width: 60.5096%; height: 19px; background-color: #edffeb;">India and Australia Naval Exercise</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 39.4904%; height: 19px; background-color: #edffeb;">Naseem Al-Bahr</td>
<td style="width: 60.5096%; height: 19px; background-color: #edffeb;">India-Oman Naval Exercise</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><a href="https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1665683" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 6775,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Kala Sanskriti Vikas Yojana',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the Ministry of Culture has issued guidelines for<strong> holding cultural events/activities in virtual/online mode</strong> under various scheme components of <strong>Kala Sanskriti Vikas Yojana</strong> (KSVY).</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/covid-19-now-pandemic-who" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Covid-19 pandemic</strong></a> and the resultant<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/21-days-lockdown" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> lockdowns</strong></a> have had a substantial <strong>impact on the performing arts and cultural sector</strong> with in-person exhibitions, events, and performances either cancelled or postponed.<strong> Example: <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/behrupiya-folk-artiste" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Behrupiyas</a>.</strong></li>
<li>The guidelines will <strong>enable artists to avail benefits under KSVY</strong> even if they are not able to stage programs in the physical format as before and will <strong>ensure continued financial assistance.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Kala Sanskriti Vikas Yojana</strong> (KSVY) is an <strong>umbrella scheme</strong> under the Ministry of Culture for the <strong>promotion of art and culture</strong> in the country.</li>
<li>It is a <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/proposal-to-hike-monthly-pensions" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>central sector scheme.</strong></a></li>
<li>The ministry implements <strong>many schemes under KSVY,</strong> where the grants are sanctioned/approved for holding programs/activities.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Scheme of Financial Assistance for Promotion of Art and Culture.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Scheme of Financial Assistance for Creation of Cultural Infrastructure.</strong></li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/draft-national-list-of-intangible-cultural-heritage" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Scheme for Safeguarding the Intangible Cultural Heritage</strong></a>, which aims to promote the <strong>13 intangible cultural heritage of India,</strong> recognised by the <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/united-nations-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization</strong></a> (UNESCO).</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1602936681_image6.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1602936681_image6.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="700" caption="false" /></a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1665035" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 6764,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => '36th NSG Raising Day',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>National Security Guard (NSG) Raising Day is celebrated on 16th October.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Formation:</strong> The decision to form an anti-terror federal contingency force was taken in 1984 when militancy in Punjab was at its peak. The<strong> NSG came into existence</strong> through the<strong> National Security Guard Act, 1986.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Anti Terrorist Force:</strong> The NSG is an <strong>anti-terrorist force.</strong> They are been given the specific role to handle all the facets of terrorism in any part of the country as a<strong> federal contingency force.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>They are also informally referred to as the <strong>&lsquo;Black Cats&rsquo;</strong> because of their menacing, all-black uniforms.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Elements:</strong> It has two complementary elements:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Special Action Group (SAG)</strong> comprising Army personnel.</li>
<li><strong>Special Rangers Group (SRG)</strong> comprising personnels drawn from State Police and Central Armed Police Force.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Model:</strong> It is modelled on the elite anti-terror forces <strong>GSG-9 of Germany</strong> and <strong>SAS of the United Kingdom.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Deployment:</strong> Since its raising the NSG has been used in Punjab in 1986 and Jammu &amp; Kashmir. It played a significant role in thwarting Mumbai terror attacks (26/11 attacks).</li>
<li><strong>Not For VIP:</strong> In January 2020, the Centre decided to <strong>remove the NSG from providing security to VIPs,</strong> a task which it was not supposed to perform when it was originally formed.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1664996" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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