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Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana

Why in News More than 28.68 crore loans for an amount of Rs. 14.96 lakh crore have been sanctioned by banks, NBFCs and MFIs since the launch of...

05 May 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Purchasing Managers’ Index

Why in News The seasonally adjusted IHS Markit India Manufacturing Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) was at 55.5 in April 2021, little changed...

05 May 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Operation Samudra Setu-II

Why in News Indian Navy has launched Operation Samudra Setu-II for shipment of Oxygen-filled containers to India. Operation Samudra Setu was...

04 May 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
State Disaster Response Fund

Why in News Recently, the Centre has released the first instalment of the State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF) to States, in the wake of the second...

03 May 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
MACS 1407: Variety of Soybean

Why in News Recently, Indian Scientists have developed a high-yielding and pest-resistant variety of soybean, called MACS 1407. Scientists from...

30 Apr 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Tejas Adds Python-5 Air to Air Missile Capability

Why in News Recently, India’s Indigenous Light Combat Aircraft Tejas has added capability of firing Israeli-origin Python-5 air-to-air missile...

30 Apr 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Agriculture Infrastructure Fund

Why in News Agriculture Infrastructure Fund has crossed the eight thousand crore mark. The investment will give a boost to several agricultural...

29 Apr 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Ct Value: Covid-19 Test

Why in News The ICMR (Indian Council of medical Research) has decided a single Ct value cut-off for determining whether a patient is positive for...

28 Apr 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Advanced Chaff Technology

Why in News The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has developed an Advanced Chaff Technology to safeguard the naval ships against...

28 Apr 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Exercise VARUNA 2021

Why in News The 19th edition of the Indian and French Navy bilateral exercise ‘VARUNA-2021’ is being conducted in the Arabian...

26 Apr 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Harlequin Ichthyosis: Rare Genetic Disorder

Why in News Recently, Odisha reported its first-ever case of a baby born with Harlequin Ichthyosis, a rare genetic skin condition. India’s...

24 Apr 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
AIM-PRIME

Why in News Recently, the Atal Innovation Mission (AIM), NITI Aayog launched AIM-PRIME (Program for Researchers on Innovations, Market-Readiness...

23 Apr 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Madhu Kranti Portal & Honey Corners

Why in News Recently, the Union Minister for Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare has launched “Madhu Kranti Portal & Honey Corners. Key...

23 Apr 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Earth Day

Why in News Every year, 22nd April is celebrated as Earth Day to raise public awareness about the environment and inspire people to save and protect...

22 Apr 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Civil Services Day

Why in News Every year, 21st April is celebrated as the Civil Services Day by the Government of India. Key Points About: It is celebrated as...

22 Apr 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Global Youth Mobilization Initiative

Why in News Recently, an initiative called the ‘Global Youth Mobilization’ has been launched for youths in communities impacted by the...

22 Apr 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
RESPOND Program : ISRO

Why in News Recently, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has announced that it will support eight joint research projects mooted by the Space...

21 Apr 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Dhruv MK III: Advanced Light Helicopter

Why in News Recently, Indian Naval Air Squadron (INAS) 323, the first unit of the indigenously built ALH (Advanced Light Helicopter) Dhruv Mk III...

20 Apr 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
World Heritage Day

Why in News Every year, 18th April is celebrated as ‘International Day for Monuments and Sites’, also known as ‘World Heritage...

19 Apr 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Disk-footed Bat

Why in News India’s first bamboo-dwelling bat with sticky disks, has been found near Nongkhyllem Wildlife Sanctuary in Meghalaya. Key...

19 Apr 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims

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		'article_id' => (int) 8307,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana ',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>More than 28.68 crore loans for an amount of <strong>Rs. 14.96 lakh crore</strong> have been sanctioned by banks, NBFCs and MFIs since the launch of <strong>Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY).</strong></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY):</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Launch and Aim:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It was<strong> launched by the government in 2015</strong> for providing <strong>loans up to Rs. 10 lakh to the non-corporate, non-farm small/micro-enterprises.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Funding Provision:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>MUDR</strong>A, which stands for <strong>Micro Units Development &amp; Refinance Agency Ltd</strong>., is a financial institution set up by the Government.</li>
<li>It <strong>provides funding</strong> to the non-corporate small business sector <strong>through various last-mile financial institutions</strong> like Banks, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/A%20nuanced%20understanding%20of%20the%20NBFC%20sector" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs)</strong></a> and <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/microfinance-institutions" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs)</strong></a>.</li>
<li>MUDRA <strong>does not lend directly to micro-entrepreneurs/individuals.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Three Products:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>MUDRA has created three products i.e. <strong>'Shishu', 'Kishore'</strong> and <strong>&lsquo;Tarun&rsquo;</strong> as per the stage of growth and funding needs of the beneficiary micro unit.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Shishu:</strong> Covering loans up to Rs. 50,000.</li>
<li><strong>Kishore:</strong> Covering loans above Rs. 50,000 and up to Rs. 5 lakh.</li>
<li><strong>Tarun:</strong> Covering loans above Rs. 5 lakh and up to Rs. 10 lakh.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Loans under this scheme are <strong>collateral-free loans.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Achievements:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Loans</strong> have been given <strong>to disadvantaged sections of society such as women entrepreneurs, SC/ST/OBC borrowers, Minority community borrowers, etc.</strong> The focus has also been on <strong>new entrepreneurs.</strong></li>
<li>As per a survey conducted by Ministry of Labour and Employment, PMMY helped in <strong>generation of 1.12 crore net additional employment from 2015 to 2018.</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Out of the <strong>1.12 crore</strong> of estimated increase in employment, <strong>women accounted for 69 lakh (62%).</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1709989" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 8300,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Purchasing Managers’ Index ',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The seasonally adjusted <strong>IHS Markit India Manufacturing Purchasing Managers&rsquo; Index (PMI)</strong> was at 55.5 in April 2021, little changed from March&rsquo;s reading of 55.4.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It is <strong>a survey-based measure</strong> that asks the respondents about changes in their perception about key business variables as compared with the previous month.</li>
<li>The <strong>purpose</strong> of the PMI is to provide information about current and future business conditions to company decision makers, analysts, and investors.</li>
<li>It is <strong>calculated separately</strong> for the manufacturing and services sectors and then<strong> a composite index</strong> is also constructed.</li>
<li>The PMI is a number <strong>from 0 to 100.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>A print <strong>above 50 means expansion</strong>, while a score below that denotes contraction.</li>
<li><strong>A reading at 50</strong> indicates no change.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>If <strong>PMI of the previous month is higher</strong> than the PMI of the current month, it represents that the economy is contracting.</li>
<li>It is <strong>usually released at the start of every month.</strong> It is, therefore, considered a good leading indicator of economic activity.</li>
<li>PMI is <strong>compiled by IHS Markit for more than 40 economies</strong> worldwide.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>IHS Markit is a global leader</strong> in information, analytics and solutions for the major industries and markets that drive economies worldwide.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>As the official data on industrial output, manufacturing and Gross Domesr\tic Product (GDP) growth comes much later, PMI helps to make informed decisions at an earlier stage.</li>
<li>It is <strong>different from the Index of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/contraction-in-core-sector-industries" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Industrial Production (IIP)</a></strong>, which also gauges the level of activity in the economy.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>IIP covers the broader industrial sector compared to PMI.</li>
<li>However, PMI is more dynamic compared to a standard industrial production index.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/business/Economy/factory-orders-production-rise-at-slowest-rates-in-8-months-in-april-in-india-pmi/article34471383.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 8292,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Operation Samudra Setu-II',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p><strong>Indian Navy</strong> has launched <strong>Operation Samudra Setu-II</strong> for<strong> shipment of Oxygen-filled containers to India.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Operation Samudra Setu</strong> was launched in <strong>May 2020</strong> as part of the national effort<strong> to repatriate Indian citizens from overseas</strong> during the<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/comprehensive-action-plan-for-covid-19" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Covid-19</strong></a> pandemic.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Operation Samudra Setu-II:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Seven Indian Naval ships viz.<strong> Kolkata, Kochi, Talwar, Tabar, Trikand, Jalashwa and Airavat</strong> have been deployed for shipment of liquid medical <strong>oxygen-filled cryogenic containers</strong> and associated <strong>medical equipment</strong> from various countries.</li>
<li>Two ships, the <strong>INS Kolkata and INS Talwar,</strong> have entered the Port of <strong>Manama, Bahrain,</strong> to<strong> carry back 40 tonnes of liquid oxygen to Mumbai.</strong></li>
<li>The<strong> INS Jalashwa</strong> is enroute to Bangkok while the <strong>INS Airavat</strong> is on its way to <strong>Singapore on similar missions</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Operation Samudra Setu:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It was <strong>launched along with <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/vande-bharat-mission-one-of-top-civilian-evacuations" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Vande Bharat Mission</a> (VBM).</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>VBM is the <strong>biggest civilian evacuation exercise</strong> to bring back Indian citizens stranded abroad amidst the<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/coronavirus-disease-named-covid-19" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> coronavirus</strong></a>-induced travel restrictions.</li>
<li>It has<strong> surpassed the large-scale airlift of 1,77,000 people in 1990</strong> at the onset of the Gulf War.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Indian Naval Ships<strong> Jalashwa and Airavat, Shardul and Magar</strong> participated in this operation.</li>
<li><strong>Around 4000 Indian citizens</strong> stranded in neighbouring countries, amidst <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/comprehensive-action-plan-for-covid-19" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Covid-19</strong></a> outbreak, were successfully repatriated back to India.</li>
<li><strong>Indian Navy</strong> has previously undertaken similar evacuation operations as part of <strong>Operation Sukoon in 2006 (Beirut) and Operation Rahat in 2015 (Yemen). </strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1715355" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 8288,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'State Disaster Response Fund',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the Centre has released the<strong> first instalment of the State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF) to States,</strong> in the wake of the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/reasons-for-rising-covid-19-infections-second-wave" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>second wave of Covid-19</strong></a> that has claimed thousands of lives since April 2021.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Normally, the first instalment is released in June as per the recommendations of the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/15th-finance-commission-recommendations-resource-allocation" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Finance Commission.</strong></a></li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>SDRF has been constituted under Section 48 (1) (a) of the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/disaster-management-act-2005-invoked" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Disaster Management Act, 2005.</strong></a><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It was constituted based on the recommendations of the<strong> 13<sup>th</sup> Finance Commission.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>It is the <strong>primary fund available with the State governments</strong> for responses to notified disasters to meet expenditure for providing immediate relief.</li>
<li>It is audited by the<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/comptroller-and-auditor-general-1#:~:text=Girish%20Chandra%20Murmu%20has%20been,to%2020th%20November%2C%202024." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG)</strong></a> every year.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Contribution:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The <strong>Centre contributes 75% of the SDRF allocation for general category</strong> States and Union Territories and <strong>90% for special category States</strong> and Union Territories (northeastern States, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir).</li>
<li>The annual Central contribution is <strong>released in two equal installments as per the recommendation of the Finance Commission.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Disaster (s) Covered under SDRF:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><a href="/to-the-points/paper1/cyclone-19" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Cyclone</strong></a>, drought, <a href="/to-the-points/paper1/earthquake-4" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>earthquake</strong></a>, fire, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/flood-management-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>flood</strong></a>, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/tsunami-early-warning-system-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>tsunami</strong></a>, hailstorm, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/landslide-in-kodagu#:~:text=Landslides%3A,the%20direct%20influence%20of%20gravity." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>landslide</strong></a>, avalanche, cloudburst, pest attack, frost and <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/cold-wave-1#:~:text=Cold%20Wave%20Conditions%3A,degree%20Celsius%20is%20rarely%20reached." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>cold waves</strong></a>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Local Disasters:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>A <strong>State Government may use up to 10% of the funds</strong> available under the SDRF for providing immediate relief to the victims of <strong>natural disasters that they consider to be &lsquo;disasters&rsquo; within the local context</strong> in the State and which are not included in the notified list of disasters of the Ministry of Home Affairs.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/centre-releases-sdrf-instalment-in-advance-due-to-covid-19-surge/article34456034.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:TH</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 8272,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'MACS 1407: Variety of Soybean',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, <strong>Indian Scientists</strong> have developed <strong>a high-yielding and pest-resistant variety of soybean</strong>, called <strong>MACS 1407.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Scientists from <strong>MACS- Agharkar Research Institute, Pune</strong>, in collaboration with <strong>Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi</strong> have developed it.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>MACS 1407:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Using the conventional cross breeding technique, scientists developed <strong>MACS 1407</strong> which gives <strong>39 quintals per hectare</strong> making it <strong>a high yielding variety.</strong></li>
<li>It <strong>requires an average 43 days for 50% flowering</strong> and takes 104 days to mature from the date of sowing.</li>
<li>It has white coloured flowers, yellow seeds and black hilum. Its seeds have <strong>19.81% oil content, 41% protein content and show good germinability.</strong></li>
<li>Its thick stem, higher pod insertion (7 cm) from ground, and resistance to pod shattering make it suitable even for <strong>mechanical harvesting.</strong></li>
<li>It is <strong>suitable for rain-fed conditions of north- east India.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It is suitable for cultivation in the states of Assam, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and North-Eastern states.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Variety is also <strong>resistant to major insect-pests</strong> like girdle beetle, leaf miner, leaf roller, stem fly, aphids, white fly and defoliators.</li>
<li>Its seeds will be made available to farmers for sowing during the <strong>2022 <a href="/to-the-points/paper3/cropping-patterns-and-major-crops-of-india-part-one" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Kharif season</a>.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It is highly adaptive to sowing from <strong>20 June to 5 July</strong> without any yield loss. This makes it <strong>resistant to the vagaries of Monsoon</strong> as compared to other varieties.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Significance:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>In <strong>2019, India produced around 90 million tons of soybean</strong>, widely cultivated as oil seeds as well as a cheap source of protein for animal feed and many packaged meals and is striving to be among the world&rsquo;s major producers of soybean.</li>
<li>High-yielding, disease resistant varieties of the legume can help achieve this target.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Kharif Season</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Crops are <strong>sown</strong> from <strong>June to July</strong> and <strong>Harvesting</strong> is done in between <strong>September-October.</strong></li>
<li>Crops are: Rice, maize, jowar, bajra, tur, moong, urad, cotton, jute, groundnut, soyabean etc.</li>
<li>States are: Assam, West Bengal, coastal regions of Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Maharashtra.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Rabi Season</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Crops are <strong>sown</strong> from <strong>October to December</strong> and <strong>Harvesting</strong> is done in between <strong>April-June.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Crops are:</strong> Wheat, barley, peas, gram, mustard etc.</li>
<li><strong>States are:</strong> Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Zaid Season</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>In between the rabi and the kharif seasons, there is <strong>a short season during the summer months</strong> known as the Zaid season.</li>
<li>Crops are: watermelon, muskmelon, cucumber, vegetables and fodder crops.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1714852" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 8268,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Tejas Adds Python-5 Air to Air Missile Capability',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, India&rsquo;s Indigenous <strong>Light Combat Aircraft Tejas</strong> has added capability of firing <strong>Israeli-origin Python-5 air-to-air missile (AAM)</strong> after concluding successful tests.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The same set of tests were also aimed to validate the enhanced capability of the already integrated Israeli-origin <strong>Derby beyond visual range AAM</strong> on Tejas.</li>
<li>The tests were conducted by <strong><a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-national-institutions/defence-research-and-development-organisation-drdo" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)</a>.</strong></li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Python-5 Missile:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It has been <strong>developed by the Israeli defence company Rafael Advanced Defense Systems.</strong> It is the <strong>newest member of the Python family.</strong></li>
<li>This <strong>fifth generation air-to-air missile</strong> provides the pilot engaging an enemy aircraft with a revolutionary full sphere launch capability.</li>
<li>It can be <strong>launched from very short to beyond-visual ranges</strong> with greater kill probability, excellent resistance to countermeasures, irrespective of evasive target manoeuvers or deployment of countermeasures.</li>
<li>It is a <strong>dual use missile suitable for air-to-air and surface-to-air missions.</strong></li>
<li>It is powered by a solid propellant <strong>rocket engine.</strong> The propulsion system provides a <strong>speed of Mach 4</strong> and an operational<strong> range of more than 20 km.</strong></li>
<li>It is also equipped with<strong> lock-on-before launch (LOBL)</strong> and <strong>lock-on-after launch (LOAL) capabilities.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Light Combat Aircraft Tejas:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/lca-tejas-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Tejas</strong></a> is a <strong>single engined, light weight, highly agile, multi-role supersonic fighter.</strong></li>
<li>The<strong> indigenously-developed aircraft</strong> has been <strong>manufactured at the Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)</strong> and <strong>designed by the Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA)</strong> for the Indian Air Force and the Indian Navy.</li>
<li>It is <strong>designed to carry</strong> a range of air-to-air, air-to-surface, precision-guided, weapons.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Beyond Visual Range AAM</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>A beyond-visual-range missile (BVR) is an air-to-air missile (BVRAAM) that is <strong>capable of engaging at ranges of 37 km or beyond.</strong> This range has been achieved using dual pulse rocket motors or booster rocket motors and ramjet sustainer motors.</li>
<li>In addition to the range capability, the missile is also capable of tracking its target at this range or of acquiring the target in flight.</li>
<li>Beyond Visual Range Air-to-Air Missile (BVRAAM) technology enables the fighter-pilots to shoot precisely at the enemy targets which are beyond their visual range.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/astra-missile" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Astra missile</strong></a> works on BVRAAM.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1714563" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 8265,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Agriculture Infrastructure Fund',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Agriculture Infrastructure Fund has crossed the eight thousand crore mark. The investment will give a boost to several agricultural projects which will unlock value for farmers across the country.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It is a <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/reforming-centrally-sponsored-scheme" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>central sector scheme</strong></a></li>
<li><strong>Aim:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>To provide <strong>medium - long term debt financing facility</strong> for investment in viable projects<strong> for post-harvest management Infrastructure</strong> and community farming assets.</li>
<li>The funds will be provided for setting up of cold stores and chains, warehousing, grading and packaging units, e-marketing points linked to e-trading platforms, besides PPP projects for crop aggregation sponsored by central/state/local bodies.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Duration:</strong> Financial Year<strong> 2020 to 2029.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Features:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Eligible Beneficiaries:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>They are<strong> Farmers, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/linking-farmers-with-futures-market" target="_blank" rel="noopener">FPOs</a>, PACS,</strong> Marketing Cooperative Societies, SHGs, Joint Liability Groups (JLG), Multipurpose Cooperative Societies, Agri-entrepreneurs, Start-ups, and Central/State agency or Local Body sponsored Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Projects.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Financial Support: Rs. 1 Lakh Crore will be provided by banks and financial institutions as loans</strong> to eligible beneficiaries.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Moratorium for repayment may vary subject to minimum of 6 months and maximum of 2 years.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Interest Subvention:</strong> Loans will have interest subvention of 3% per annum up to a limit of Rs. 2 crore. This subvention will be available for a maximum period of seven years.</li>
<li><strong>CGTMSE Scheme:</strong> A credit guarantee coverage will be available for eligible borrowers from the scheme under <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/pmegp-and-cgtmse" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises (CGTMSE) scheme</strong> </a>for a loan up to Rs. 2 crore.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Central Sector Scheme</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>These schemes are 100% funded by the Central government.</li>
<li>Implemented by the Central Government machinery.</li>
<li>Formulated on subjects mainly from the Union List.</li>
<li>E.g.: Bharatnet, Namami Gange-National Ganga Plan, etc.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1714482" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 8258,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Ct Value: Covid-19 Test',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/icmr-recommends-use-of-hydroxy-chloroquine" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> ICMR (Indian Council of medical Research)</strong> </a>has decided a single Ct value cut-off for determining whether a patient is positive for<strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/covid-19-and-india-s-preparedness" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Covid-19</a>.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Ct is a value that emerges during <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/radt-vs-rt-pcr" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>RT-PCR tests.</strong></a> All patients with a <strong>Ct value</strong> less than <strong>35</strong> may be considered <strong>as positive</strong> while those with <strong>a Ct value</strong> above <strong>35 may be</strong> considered <strong>as negative.</strong></li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>RT-PCR Tests:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>In an <strong>RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction)</strong> test, <strong>RNA (Ribonucleic acid) is extracted</strong> from the swab collected from the patient. It is <strong>then converted into DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)</strong>, which is <strong>then amplified.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Amplification</strong> refers to the <strong>process of creating multiple copies of the genetic material</strong> - in this case, DNA.
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>This <strong>improves the ability of the test to detect the presence of the virus.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Amplification <strong>takes place through a series of cycles</strong>&mdash;one copy becomes two, two becomes four, and so on&mdash;and it is <strong>after multiple cycles that a detectable amount of virus is produced.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Ct Value:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Ct</strong> is short for <strong>&lsquo;Cycle Threshold&rsquo;.</strong></li>
<li>The Ct value <strong>refers to the number of cycles after which the virus can be detected.</strong></li>
<li>If <strong>a higher number</strong> of cycles is required, it implies that the <strong>virus went undetected</strong> when the number of cycles was lower.</li>
<li>The <strong>lower the Ct value</strong>, the <strong>higher the viral load</strong>-because the virus has been spotted after fewer cycles.</li>
<li>It has been found that the <strong>time since the onset of symptoms has a stronger relationship with Ct values as compared to the severity of the disease.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Viral Load:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It <strong>refers to the amount of genetic material</strong>, commonly RNA, of <strong>a virus present in an infected person&rsquo;s blood.</strong></li>
<li>This is <strong>expressed as</strong> the total number of viral particles present in each millilitre of blood.</li>
<li>A <strong>higher viral load</strong> in the blood means that <strong>the virus is replicating and the infection is progressing.</strong></li>
<li>An infected person with a high viral load is more likely to shed more virus particles, in the process known as <strong>&ldquo;viral shedding&rdquo;.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-the-ct-value-in-a-covid-test-7291682/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: IE</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 8 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 8257,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Advanced Chaff Technology',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-national-institutions/defence-research-and-development-organisation-drdo" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)</strong></a> has developed an <strong>Advanced Chaff Technology </strong>to<strong> safeguard the naval ships against enemy missile attack.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It is another step towards <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/atmanirbhar-bharat-and-economic-stimulus" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Atmanirbhar Bharat.</strong></a></li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About the Technology:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Chaff is an <strong>electronic countermeasure technology</strong> used by militaries worldwide <strong>to protect naval ships</strong> or other sensitive targets <strong>from radar and radio frequency (RF)</strong> guiding mechanisms<strong> of the enemy missile.</strong></li>
<li>The chaff rockets deployed in the air<strong> reflect as multiple targets for the missile guidance systems</strong> and deflecting adversary missiles, thus protecting their own assets.</li>
<li><strong>DRDO</strong> has<strong> indigenously developed</strong> three variants of the critical technology namely <strong>Short Range Chaff Rocket (SRCR), Medium Range Chaff Rocket (MRCR) and Long Range Chaff Rocket (LRCR). </strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Difference between Chaff and Flares:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Both <strong>chaff and flares are defensive countermeasures</strong> deployed by military aircraft. The purpose is<strong> to confuse radar-guided or infrared-guided anti aircraft missiles</strong> fired so that they could be diverted.</li>
<li><strong>Chaff</strong> is<strong> composed of many small aluminium or zinc coated fibres</strong> stored on-board the aircraft in tubes. In case the aircraft feels threatened by any radar tracking missiles, chaff is ejected into the turbulent wake of air behind the plane.</li>
<li><strong>Flares</strong> on being fired <strong>provide an alternate strong IR (Infrared) source</strong> to heat-seeking anti-air missiles so that they are lured away from the aircraft.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Defence Research and Development Organisation</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>DRDO works under the <strong>administrative control of the Ministry of Defence.</strong></li>
<li>It is working to establish a world class science and technology base for India and provides Defence Services decisive edge by equipping them with internationally competitive systems and solutions.</li>
<li>It was <strong>established in 1958</strong> after combining Technical Development Establishment (TDEs) of the Indian Army and the Directorate of Technical Development &amp; Production (DTDP) with the Defence Science Organisation (DSO).</li>
<li>It is responsible for carrying out <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-national-institutions/defence-research-and-development-organisation-drdo" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP).</strong></a></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Some Recent Tests by DRDO</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/hypersonic-technology-demonstrator-vehicle-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Hypersonic Technology Demonstrator Vehicle (HSTDV)</strong></a></li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/abhyas-high-speed-expendable-aerial-target" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Abhyas High-speed Expendable Aerial Target</strong></a></li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/nag-missile-anti-tank-guided-missile" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Laser-Guided Anti Tank Guided Missile</strong></a></li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/land-attack-version-of-brahmos-missile" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>BrahMos Missile</strong></a></li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/smart-system-drdo#:~:text=About%3A%20SMART%20is%20a%20missile,like%20a%20regular%20supersonic%20missile." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Supersonic Missile Assisted Release of Torpedo (SMART) system</strong></a></li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/anti-radiation-missile-rudram-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Rudram</strong></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1709617" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 9 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 8236,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Exercise VARUNA 2021',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The <strong>19<sup>th</sup> edition of the Indian and French Navy bilateral exercise &lsquo;VARUNA-2021&rsquo;</strong> is being conducted <strong>in the Arabian Sea.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Earlier this year, the Indian Navy took part for the first time in the France-led naval exercise <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/multilateral-maritime-exercise-la-perouse" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>&ldquo;La P&eacute;rouse"</strong></a> with the navies of the US, Australia and Japan.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1619429042_image1.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1619429042_image1.png" width="350" caption="false" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></a></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About the Exercise:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Background:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The Indian and French Navies have been conducting bilateral maritime <strong>exercises since 1993. Since 2001</strong>, these exercises have been called &lsquo;VARUNA&rsquo;.</li>
<li>These interactions further underscore the shared values as partner navies, in <strong>ensuring freedom of seas and commitment to an open, inclusive <a href="/loksabha-rajyasabha-discussions/the-big-picture-indo-pacific-strategic-importance" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Indo-Pacific</a> and a rules-based international order.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>2021 Exercise:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>This is the <strong>first time that the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is participating</strong> in the Varuna maritime exercise.</li>
<li>The &lsquo;Varuna&rsquo; joint exercise is <strong>part of the French carrier strike group&rsquo;s &lsquo;CLEMENCEAU 21&rsquo; deployment</strong>, which the French Navy is conducting in the <strong>eastern Mediterranean, the Gulf and the Indian Ocean (Arabian Sea).</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Its goal is <strong>to contribute to the stabilization of these strategic zones</strong> and strengthening cooperation with the navies of partner countries, in particular India for the Indian Ocean component.</li>
<li>As part of this deployment, the <strong>Carrier Strike Group is also taking part in anti-ISIS (the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria) operations.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The exercise will see <strong>high tempo-naval operations at sea</strong>, including <strong>advanced air defence and anti-submarine exercises</strong>, tactical manoeuvres, underway replenishment and other maritime security operations.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Other Indo-French Joint Exercises:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/indo-french-joint-exercise-desert-knight-21" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Desert Knight-21</strong></a> and <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/garuda-vi" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Garuda</strong></a> (Air exercise)</li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/important-facts-for-prelims-18th-april-2019" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Varuna</strong></a> (Naval exercise)</li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/indo-french-joint-exercise-shakti-2019" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Shakti</strong></a> (Army exercise)</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 67.43%; text-align: center; height: 19px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #05021f;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Major Indian Bilateral Maritime Exercises</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 33.3333%; height: 19px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #86adf0;"><strong>Name of the Exercise</strong></td>
<td style="width: 34.0967%; height: 19px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #86adf0;"><strong>&nbsp;Name of the Country</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 33.3333%; height: 19px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #f5f7ff;"><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/slinex-20-india-sri-lanka-naval-maritime-exercise" target="_blank" rel="noopener">SLINEX</a></strong></td>
<td style="width: 34.0967%; height: 19px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #f5f7ff;">Sri Lanka</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 35px;">
<td style="width: 33.3333%; height: 20px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #f5f7ff;"><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/exercise-bongosagar" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Bongosagar and IN-BN CORPAT</strong></a></td>
<td style="width: 34.0967%; height: 20px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #f5f7ff;">Bangladesh</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 33.3333%; height: 19px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #f5f7ff;"><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/jimex-20-maritime-exercise" target="_blank" rel="noopener">JIMEX</a></strong>&nbsp;</td>
<td style="width: 34.0967%; height: 19px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #f5f7ff;">Japan</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 33.3333%; height: 19px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #f5f7ff;">Naseem-Al-Bahr</td>
<td style="width: 34.0967%; height: 19px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #f5f7ff;">Oman</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 33.3333%; height: 19px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #f5f7ff;"><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/exercise-indra-2019" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Indra</a></strong>&nbsp;</td>
<td style="width: 34.0967%; height: 19px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #f5f7ff;">Russia</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 33.3333%; height: 19px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #f5f7ff;"><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/bilateral-maritime-exercise-za-ir-al-bahr" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Za&rsquo;ir-Al-Bahr</a></strong>&nbsp;</td>
<td style="width: 34.0967%; height: 19px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #f5f7ff;">Qatar</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 33.3333%; height: 19px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #f5f7ff;"><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/exercise-samudra-shakti" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Samudra Shakti</a></strong>&nbsp;</td>
<td style="width: 34.0967%; height: 19px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #f5f7ff;">Indonesia</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 33.3333%; height: 19px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #f5f7ff;"><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/india-thailand-coordinated-patrol" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Indo-Thai CORPAT</a></strong></td>
<td style="width: 34.0967%; height: 19px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #f5f7ff;">Thailand</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 33.3333%; height: 19px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #f5f7ff;">IMCOR&nbsp;</td>
<td style="width: 34.0967%; height: 19px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #f5f7ff;">Malaysia</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 33.3333%; height: 19px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #f5f7ff;"><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/important-facts-for-prelims-20th-may-2019" target="_blank" rel="noopener">SIMBEX</a></strong>&nbsp;</td>
<td style="width: 34.0967%; height: 19px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #f5f7ff;">Singapore</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 33.3333%; height: 19px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #f5f7ff;"><strong>AUSINDEX</strong>&nbsp;</td>
<td style="width: 34.0967%; height: 19px; border-style: solid; border-color: #000000; background-color: #f5f7ff;">Australia</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1713839" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 8225,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Harlequin Ichthyosis: Rare Genetic Disorder',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, <strong>Odisha reported its first-ever case of a baby born with Harlequin Ichthyosis,</strong> a rare genetic skin condition.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>India&rsquo;s first recorded case</strong> of a baby born with harlequin ichthyosis <strong>was in 2016,</strong> at a private hospital in Nagpur, Maharashtra.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Harlequin Ichthyosis</strong> is a rare <strong>genetic skin disorder</strong> to a newborn infant.</li>
<li>It&rsquo;s a type of ichthyosis, which refers to a group of disorders that cause persistently dry, scaly skin all over the body.</li>
<li>It is inherited in an <strong>autosomal recessive pattern.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Autosomal Recessive Pattern</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Autosomal (that means inherited) Recessive Pattern is a way, where <strong>a genetic trait or condition can be passed down from parent to child.</strong></li>
<li>A genetic condition <strong>can occur when the child inherits one copy of a mutated (changed) gene from each parent.</strong></li>
<li>If an individual receives one normal gene and one abnormal gene for the disease, the person will be <strong>a carrier for the disease.</strong></li>
<li>The risk to have a child who is a carrier, like the parents, is 50% with each pregnancy. The chance for a child to receive normal genes from both parents is 25%. The risk is the same for males and females.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Causes:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It can be <strong>caused by changes (mutations) in the ABCA12 gene.</strong></li>
<li>ABCA12 <strong>Gene gives instructions for making a protein that is necessary for skin cells to develop normally.</strong></li>
<li>It plays a key role in the transport of fats (lipids) to the most superficial layer of the skin (epidermis), creating an effective skin barrier.</li>
<li>When this gene is mutated, the skin barrier is disrupted.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Impact:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Newborn infants <strong>are covered with plates of thick skin</strong> that crack and split apart and can<strong> restrict breathing and eating.</strong></li>
<li>Premature birth is typical, leaving the infants at risk for complications from early delivery.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Affected Population:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It affects males and females in equal numbers.</li>
<li>It affects<strong> approximately one in 5,00,000 persons.</strong></li>
<li>There are around 250 such cases across the world.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Treatment:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>A newborn with Harlequin ichthyosis<strong> requires neonatal intensive care,</strong> which may include spending time in a heated incubator with high humidity.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Related Disorder:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Lamellar ichthyosis</strong> is an inherited skin disorder characterized by broad, dark, plate-like scales separated by deep cracks. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Its<strong> symptoms are similar to Harlequin Ichthyosis.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/health/odisha-s-first-case-of-harlequin-ichthyosis-reported-in-berhampur-76633" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source DTE</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 11 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 8218,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'AIM-PRIME',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/aim-icrest-niti-aayog" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Atal Innovation Mission (AIM)</strong></a>, <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-national-institutions/niti-aayog-national-institution-for-transforming-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>NITI Aayog</strong></a> launched <strong>AIM-PRIME (Program for Researchers on Innovations, Market-Readiness &amp; Entrepreneurship).</strong></p>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Atal Innovation Mission</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>AIM is Government of India&rsquo;s <strong>flagship initiative to promote a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship in the country.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Objective:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>To develop new programmes and policies for fostering innovation</strong> in different sectors of the economy, <strong>provide platform and collaboration opportunities for different stakeholders, create awareness and create an umbrella structure</strong> to oversee the innovation ecosystem of the country.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Major Achievement:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>AIM&rsquo;s initiatives have played an important contributory role in the advancement of India from a position of<strong> 81</strong> in the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/global-innovation-index-2020" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Global Innovation Index</strong> </a>in 2015 to a position of <strong>48 in 2020.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Aim:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Promoting<strong> science based, deep technology ideas</strong> to market through training and guidance over a period of 12 months.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Deep technology</strong> is based on <strong>tangible engineering innovation</strong> or scientific advances and discoveries. Deep Tech is often set apart by its <strong>profound enabling power,</strong> the differentiation it can create, and <strong>its potential to catalyse change.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Focus Area:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Science-based, knowledge-intensive, deep technology entrepreneurship.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Launching &amp; Implementing Agency:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>AIM</strong> has collaborated with <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/indigenous-vaccine-pneumosil" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF)</strong></a> to launch this nationwide programme which will be implemented by <strong>Venture Centre</strong> - a non-profit technology business incubator hosted by <strong><a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-national-institutions/council-of-scientific-and-industrial-research" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research</a>&ndash;National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL).</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Beneficiaries:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Technology developers</strong> (early-stage deep tech start-ups, and scientists/ engineers/clinicians) with strong science-based deep tech business ideas.</li>
<li>Chief Executive Officers and Senior incubation managers of <strong>AIM Funded Atal Incubation Centers</strong> that are supporting deep tech entrepreneurs.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Significance:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Candidates</strong> selected for the programme<strong> will get access to in-depth learning</strong> via a comprehensive lecture series, live team projects, exercises, and project-specific mentoring.</li>
<li>They will also <strong>have access to a deep tech start-up playbook, curated video library, and plenty of peer-to-peer learning opportunities.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1708798#:~:text=Atal%20Innovation%20Mission%20launches%20'AIM,partnership%20with%20BMGF%20%26Venture%20Center&amp;text=In%20this%20regard%2C%20AIM%20has,non%2Dprofit%20technology%20business%20incubator." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:PIB</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 12 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 8217,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Madhu Kranti Portal & Honey Corners',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the Union Minister for Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare has launched <strong>&ldquo;Madhu Kranti Portal &amp; Honey Corners.</strong></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Madhu Kranti Portal:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is an initiative of <strong>National Bee Board (NBB)</strong>, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare under<strong> National Beekeeping &amp; Honey Mission (NBHM).</strong></li>
<li>This portal is being developed for online registration to achieve a traceability source of Honey and other beehive products on a digital platform.</li>
<li>The platform will help in <strong>checking the quality and source</strong> of <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/honey-adulteration" target="_blank" rel="noopener">adulteration of honey</a>.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Significance:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The portal will help in increasing income of the farmers, boost exports and increase employment generation.</li>
<li>The portal will hold the database of all the stakeholders involved in honey production, marketing chains, hive production and sales.</li>
<li>It will increase the reach of honey to international markets.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Honey Corners:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Honey Corners are special spaces for the marketing and sale of honey.</li>
<li>It is operated by <strong>National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India Ltd (NAFED).</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India Ltd.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/measures-for-farmers-welfare" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>NAFED</strong></a> is registered under the Multi State Cooperative Societies Act.</li>
<li>It was set up in 1958 with the objective to promote cooperative marketing of Agricultural Produce to benefit the farmers.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>National Bee Board</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/small-farmers-agribusiness-consortium" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Small Farmers&rsquo; Agribusiness Consortium (SFAC)</strong></a> registered the NBB as a society under the Societies Registration Act, 1860 in 2000 and it was reconstituted (with the secretary as chairman) in June 2006.</li>
<li><strong>Objective:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Overall development of beekeeping by promoting scientific beekeeping in India to increase the productivity of crops through pollination and increase the honey production for increasing the income of the beekeepers/farmers.</li>
<li>PresentlyNBB is implementing<a href="/to-the-points/paper3/horticulture-sector-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> National Horticulture Mission (NHM)</strong></a> and Horticulture Mission for North East and Himalayan State (HMNEM)</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>National Beekeeping &amp; Honey Mission (NBHM)</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The mission was announced as part of the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/atmanirbhar-bharat-and-economic-stimulus" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>AtmaNirbhar Bharat scheme.</strong></a> It is a central sector scheme.</li>
<li>NBHM aims for the overall promotion &amp; development of scientific beekeeping in the country to achieve the goal of &lsquo;Sweet Revolution&rsquo; which is being implemented through the National Bee Board (NBB).</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Honey Mission</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Honey Mission was launched in August 2017 in line with the <strong>&lsquo;Sweet Revolution&rsquo;</strong>.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The 'Sweet Revolution' was launched in 2016 to promote beekeeping and associated activities.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Under the Honey Mission, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/project-re-hab" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC)</strong></a> provides awareness, training and &lsquo;Bee Boxes&rsquo; along with Bee Colonies to the farmers.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1710160#:~:text=Union%20Minister%20for%20Agriculture%20and,%26%20Honey%20Mission%20(NBHM)." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 13 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 8211,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Earth Day',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Every year, <strong>22<sup>nd</sup> April</strong> is celebrated as Earth Day to raise public awareness about the environment and inspire people to save and protect it.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The<strong> theme</strong> for the year 2021<strong> &lsquo;Restore Our Earth&rsquo;</strong> examines <strong>natural processes, emerging green technologies and innovative thinking</strong> that can restore the world&rsquo;s ecosystems.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Background:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Earth Day was<strong> first observed in 1970,</strong> when 20 million took to the streets to protest against environmental degradation on the call of <strong>US Senator Gaylord Nelson.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The event was<strong> triggered by the 1969 Santa Barbara oil spill,</strong> as well as other issues such as smog and polluted rivers.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>In <strong>2009,</strong> the <strong>United Nations</strong> designated 22<sup>nd</sup> April as <strong>&lsquo;International Mother Earth Day&rsquo;.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>About:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Earth Day is now<strong> globally coordinated by EARTHDAY.ORG,</strong> which is a non profit organisation. It was<strong> formerly known as Earth Day Network.</strong></li>
<li>It aims to <strong>&ldquo;build the world&rsquo;s largest environmental movement</strong> to drive transformative change for people and the planet.&rdquo;</li>
<li>It recognizes a<strong> collective responsibility,</strong> as called for in the <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/unfccc" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>1992 Rio Declaration (Earth Summit)</strong></a>, to promote harmony with nature and the Earth to achieve a just balance among the economic, social and environmental needs of present and future generations of humanity.</li>
<li>The landmark <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/china-s-renewed-support-for-paris-agreement#:~:text=Paris%20Agreement%20(also%20known%20as,to%20deal%20with%20climate%20change." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Paris Agreement</strong></a>, which brings almost 200 countries together in setting a common target to reduce global greenhouse emissions, was also signed on Earth Day 2016.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Other Important Days</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>22<sup>nd</sup> March: <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/world-water-day-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>World Water Day</strong></a></li>
<li>22<sup>nd</sup> April: Earth Day</li>
<li>22<sup>nd</sup> May : <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/international-day-for-biodiversity" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>World Biodiversity Day</strong></a></li>
<li>5<sup>th</sup> June: <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/world-environment-day-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>World Environment Day</strong></a></li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/earth-overshoot-day" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Earth Overshoot Day</strong></a></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Earth Hour</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/earth-hour-1#:~:text=Earth%20Hour%20is%20the%20World,as%20per%20their%20local%20time." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Earth Hour</strong></a> is the <strong>World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF)&rsquo;s annual initiative</strong> that <strong>began in 2007.</strong> It is <strong>held every year on the last Saturday of March.</strong></li>
<li>It encourages people from more than 180 countries to <strong>switch off the lights from 8.30 pm to 9.30 pm</strong> as per their local time.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/earth-day-2021-significance-theme-7284224/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: IE</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 14 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 8207,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Civil Services Day',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Every year, <strong>21<sup>st</sup> April</strong> is celebrated as the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/civil-services-day" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Civil Services Day</strong></a> by the Government of India.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is celebrated as an<strong> occasion for the civil servants</strong> to rededicate themselves to the causes of citizens and renew their commitments to public service and excellence in work.</li>
<li>The date is chosen to <strong>commemorate the day when the first Home Minister</strong> of Independent India,<strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/national-unity-day" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel</a> addressed the probationers of Administrative Services Officers in 1947</strong> at Metcalf House, Delhi.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>He referred to civil servants as the <strong>&lsquo;Steel Frame of India&rsquo;.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Civil Services Day Function:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The<strong> first function on civil services day</strong> was held in Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi in <strong>2006.</strong></li>
<li>On this day, the <strong>Prime Minister&rsquo;s Awards for Excellence in Public Administration are presented</strong> to Districts/Implementing Units for implementation of Priority programme and innovation categories.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>He was born on <strong>31<sup>st</sup> October, 1875</strong> in Nadiad, Gujarat.<a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1619079999_image1.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1619079999_image1.jpg" style="float: right;" width="400" caption="false" /></a><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>National Unity Day</strong> is celebrated every year to <strong>commemorate the birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>He was the <strong>first Home Minister and Deputy Prime Minister</strong> of independent India.</li>
<li>He played an important role in the<a href="/to-the-points/paper1/integration-of-princely-states-after-independence" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> integration of many Indian princely states</strong></a> to make an Indian federation.</li>
<li>Women of Bardoli bestowed the title<strong> &lsquo;Sardar&rsquo;</strong> on Vallabhbhai Patel, which means <strong>&lsquo;a Chief or a Leader&rsquo;.</strong></li>
<li>He is recognized as the <strong>real unifier of India</strong> for his colossal contribution to integrate and make India a united (Ek Bharat) and an independent nation.</li>
<li>He requested the people of India to live together by uniting in order to create <strong>Shresth Bharat (Foremost India).</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><a href="/current-affairs-news-analysis-editorials/news-analysis/31-10-2018" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Ek Bharat Shreshtha Bharat</strong></a> was announced by the Prime Minister in 2015 on the occasion of the<strong> 140<sup>th</sup> birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>He is also remembered as the<strong> &lsquo;Patron saint of India&rsquo;s civil servants&rsquo;</strong> as he established the modern all-India services system.</li>
<li>The <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/statue-of-unity" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Statue of Unity</strong></a> at Kevadiya in Narmada district of Gujarat was built in his honour.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/try-to-implement-public-policies-that-will-make-country-self-reliant-venkaiah-naidu-to-civil-servants/article34373689.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 15 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 8204,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Global Youth Mobilization Initiative',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, an initiative called the <strong>&lsquo;Global Youth Mobilization&rsquo;</strong> has been <strong>launched for youths in communities impacted by the <a href="/printpdf/coronavirus-disease-named-covid-19" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Covid-19</a> pandemic.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>A <strong>Global Youth Summit (GYS)</strong>, to be held virtually on 23<sup>rd</sup>-25<sup>th</sup> April 2021, marks the starting point for young people to get involved in the mobilization. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The GYS <strong>aims to offer young people aged 14-30 new insights, skills and contacts, as well as a platform</strong> to engage with their peers, leaders and policy makers.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About:</strong> It is <strong>a movement of young people</strong> taking action to <strong>improve their lives now and in a post-Covid-19 world.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Aim:</strong> To <strong>address the negative impact of the pandemic</strong> on young people and support them to build back better.</li>
<li><strong>Organisations Involved:</strong> It is <strong>supported by the world&rsquo;s six largest youth organisations, <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/world-health-organization-who" target="_blank" rel="noopener">World Health Organization (WHO)</a></strong>, and <strong><a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/united-nations-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">United Nations (UN) Foundation</a>.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Need:</strong> There are <strong>an estimated 1.2 billion young people impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic response measures.</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Disruptions to <strong>education, employment, services and social support</strong> have changed the future of an entire generation.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Funding:</strong> With <strong>support from the Covid-19 Solidarity Response Fund</strong>, Global Youth Mobilization will <strong>support and scale-up youth-led solutions and youth engagement programs</strong> across the world.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The Covid-19 Solidarity Response Fund was <strong>established by the WHO with the help of the UN Foundation and the Swiss Philanthropy Foundation.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/health/un-drives-campaign-for-youth-as-covid-19-pandemic-ups-anxiety-among-90--76583" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: DTE</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 8201,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'RESPOND Program : ISRO',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-national-institutions/indian-space-research-organisation-isro" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)</strong></a> has announced that it will support eight joint research projects mooted by the<strong> Space Technology Cell</strong> (STC), <strong>IIT-Delhi.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The ISRO has extended support to the projects under its<strong> RESPOND programme.</strong></li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>ISRO <strong>started the RESPOND (Research Sponsored) programme in the 1970s,</strong> with the objective of <strong>encouraging academia to participate and contribute in various Space related research activities.</strong></li>
<li>Under the Programme, <strong>ISRO provides financial support</strong> for conducting research and development activities related to <strong>Space Science, Space Technology and Space Applications</strong> in Academic Institutions in India.</li>
<li>This is the <strong>flagship programme of ISRO to promote extramural research</strong> in emerging areas of Space at Academia.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It looks to <strong>enhance the Academic base, generate human resources and infrastructure</strong> at the Academic Institutions to<strong> support the Space Programmes.</strong></li>
<li>India is on course to launch its first human spaceflight mission, <a href="/to-the-points/paper3/to-the-point-paper3-mission-gaganyaan" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Gaganyaan</strong></a>, where Indian astronauts will spend time to conduct space experiments. This ambitious mission will help the country prepare for future deep-space missions.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>RESPOND is also participating in the National Missions like<strong> IMPRINT (IMPacting Research INnovation and Technology)</strong> programme and <strong>Uchhatar Avishkar Yojana (UAY).</strong></li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>IMPRINT Programme</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The scheme was<strong> released in 2015</strong> by the Ministry of Human Resource Development (now Ministry of Education).</li>
<li>It is<strong> a first-of-its-kind Pan-IIT and IISc joint initiative</strong> to address the major science and engineering challenges that India must address and champion to enable, empower and embolden the nation for inclusive growth and self-reliance.</li>
<li>IMPRINT provides the overarching vision that <strong>guides research into areas that are predominantly socially relevant.</strong></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Uchhatar Avishkar Yojana</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It was launched by the Ministry of Human Resource Development in 2015.</li>
<li>It <strong>promotes innovation of a higher order that directly impacts the needs of the Industry</strong> and thereby improves the competitive edge of Indian manufacturing.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/isro-to-support-eight-joint-research-projects-of-iit-d/article34371087.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 8188,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Dhruv MK III: Advanced Light Helicopter',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, Indian Naval Air Squadron (INAS) 323, the first unit of the indigenously built <strong>ALH (Advanced Light Helicopter) Dhruv Mk III aircraft</strong>, was commissioned into the Indian Navy.</p>
<h3><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1618905427_image%202.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1618905427_image 2.png" width="450" caption="false" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></a>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The indigenously designed and developed Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH-DHRUV) is a <strong>twin engine, multi-role, multi-mission new generation helicopter in the 5.5 ton weight class.</strong></li>
<li>It is a multi-role chopper with the <strong>Shakti engine</strong> manufactured by <strong>Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL).</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>HAL is an Indian state-owned aerospace and defence company, headquartered in Bangalore, India. It is governed under the management of the Ministry of Defence.</li>
<li>HAL <strong>conceptualised the Advanced Light Helicopter programme</strong> in 1984. The major variants of Dhruv are classified as Dhruv Mk-I, Mk-II, Mk-III &amp; Mk-IV.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Features:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The aircraft, a step up from Mk 1, will be able to <strong>mitigate low visibility during search and rescue operations even at night.</strong></li>
<li>It has a 0.7 mm gun, which will give a huge capability from a <strong>LIMO (low intensity maritime operations)</strong> standpoint.</li>
<li>The <strong>automatic flight control system</strong> is hugely superior to the previous one.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Role:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The Mk III version of the ALH has an all glass cockpit and will be <strong>used for search and rescue, special operations and coastal surveillance.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/first-unit-of-indigeneously-built-chopper-alh-inducted-into-navy-7280793/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: IE</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 18 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 8184,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'World Heritage Day',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Every year, <strong>18<sup>th</sup> April</strong> is celebrated as<strong> &lsquo;International Day for Monuments and Sites&rsquo;,</strong> also known as<strong> &lsquo;World Heritage Day&rsquo;.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The <strong>theme</strong> for the year 2021 is<strong> &ldquo;Complex Pasts: Diverse Futures&rdquo;.</strong></li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Background:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The <strong>International Council on Monuments and Sites</strong> (ICOMOS) established the day in 1982 and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) approved it in 1983.</li>
<li>The aim of the Day is to create <strong>awareness about Heritage among communities.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>UNESCO&rsquo;s World Heritage Sites:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>A <strong>World Heritage Site</strong> is a place that is listed by UNESCO for its special cultural or physical significance.</li>
<li>The list of World Heritage Sites is maintained by the international<strong> 'World Heritage Programme',</strong> administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee.</li>
<li>This is embodied in an international treaty called the <strong>Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage,</strong> adopted by UNESCO in 1972.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>World Heritage Sites in India:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Currently, there are <a href="/to-the-points/paper1/world-heritage-sites-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>38 World Heritage Sites located in India.</strong></a></li>
<li>Of these, <strong>30 are &lsquo;cultural&rsquo;,</strong> such as the Ajanta Caves, Fatehpur Sikri, Hampi monuments and the Mountain Railways of India, and<strong> 7 are &lsquo;Natural&rsquo;,</strong> including Kaziranga, Manas and Nanda Devi National Parks.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>In 2019,<strong> &lsquo;Jaipur City&rsquo;</strong> became the 38<sup>th</sup> addition to the India list under &lsquo;Culture&rsquo;.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>One</strong> is classified as<strong> &lsquo;Mixed&rsquo;,</strong> the <strong>Khangchendzonga National Park.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>UNESCO</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It was founded in 1945 to develop the &ldquo;intellectual and moral solidarity of mankind&rdquo; as a means of building lasting peace. It is located in <strong>Paris, France.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Major Initiatives of UNESCO:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><a href="/to-the-points/paper3/biosphere-reserves-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Man and Biosphere Programme</strong></a></li>
<li><a href="/to-the-points/paper1/world-heritage-sites-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>World Heritage Programme</strong></a></li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/unesco-global-geoparks" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Global Geopark Network</strong></a></li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/unesco-s-network-of-creative-cities" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Network of Creative Cities</strong></a></li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/protection-and-preservation-of-endangered-language" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Atlas of World Languages in Danger</strong></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>ICOMOS</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It is a<strong> global non-governmental organization</strong> associated with <strong>UNESCO.</strong> It is located in <strong>Paris, France.</strong></li>
<li>Its mission is to promote the conservation, protection, use and enhancement of monuments, building complexes and sites.</li>
<li>It is an <strong>Advisory Body of the World Heritage Committee</strong> for the implementation of the <strong>World Heritage Convention of UNESCO.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>As such, it reviews the nominations of cultural world heritage and ensures the conservation status of properties.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Its <strong>creation in 1965</strong> is the logical outcome of initial conversations between architects, historians and international experts that began in the early twentieth century and that materialized in the adoption of the <strong>Venice Charter in 1964.</strong></li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/world-heritage-day-april-18-7278757/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: IE</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 8182,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Disk-footed Bat',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p><strong>India&rsquo;s first bamboo-dwelling bat with sticky disks,</strong> has been found <strong>near Nongkhyllem Wildlife Sanctuary in Meghalaya.</strong></p>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1618831100_image7.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1618831100_image7.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" caption="false" width="395" height="248" /></strong></a></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The bat species <em><strong>Eudiscopus denticulus,</strong> </em>aptly called <strong>disk-footed bat,</strong> is very distinctive in appearance with prominent disk-like pads in the thumb and bright orange colouration.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It has been found roosting in internodal spaces of bamboo stems.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>This species is known to thrive in a few localities in<strong> Southern China, Vietnam, Thailand and Myanmar.</strong></li>
<li>In Meghalaya, it was recorded in the<strong> Lailad area near the Nongkhyllem Wildlife Sanctuary,</strong> about 1,000 km west of its nearest known habitat in Myanmar.</li>
<li><a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/cites" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>IUCN Red List Status</strong></a>: Least Concern</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Number of Bat Species in India:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The disk-footed bat has raised <strong>Meghalaya&rsquo;s bat count to 66,</strong> the <strong>most for any State</strong> in India.</li>
<li>It has also helped add a genus and species to the bat fauna of India. <strong>India</strong> has a <strong>total of 130 bat species.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Nongkhyllem Wildlife Sanctuary</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Situated in the Ri-Bhoi district near Lailad village and spread over an area of 29 sq. kms, Nongkhyllem Wildlife Sanctuary is one of the famous attractions of Meghalaya.</li>
<li>The Sanctuary falls in the <strong>Eastern Himalayan Global biodiversity hotspot.</strong></li>
<li>The sanctuary supports different species of fauna such as Royal Bengal Tiger, <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/clouded-leopards-and-their-habitats#:~:text=Clouded%20leopard%3A,research%20and%20strengthen%20conservation%20efforts." target="_blank" rel="noopener">Clouded Leopard</a>, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/indian-bison-gaur" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Indian Bison</a>,</strong> and Himalayan Black Bear etc.</li>
<li>Among the birds, the rare species which can be spotted here are Manipur Bush Quail, Rufous Necked Hornbill and Brown Hornbill.</li>
<li><strong>Other Wildlife Sanctuary in Meghalaya:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Siju Wildlife Sanctuary</li>
<li>Narpuh Wildlife Sanctuary</li>
<li>Baghmara Pitcher Plant Sanctuary</li>
<li><a href="/to-the-points/paper3/biosphere-reserves-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Nokrek National Park</strong></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1618831411_image%200.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1618831411_image 0.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="600" caption="false" /></a></p>
</div>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/meghalaya-records-indias-first-bat-with-sticky-disks/article34349748.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
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Cake\View\View::element() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 668
include - ROOT/plugins/Drishti/src/Template/Element/articlebox.ctp, line 5
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1196
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1157
Cake\View\View::_renderElement() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1554
Cake\View\View::element() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 668
include - ROOT/plugins/Drishti/src/Template/Articles/tags.ctp, line 61
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1196
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1157
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 765
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 623
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 125
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 93

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