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Free Education to 112 Aspirational Districts

Why in News Recently, the NITI Aayog launched an initiative with BYJU’S (an edutech giant) to provide free access to tech-driven learning...

18 Sep 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Earthshot Prize 2021

Why in News Recently, two Indians (Vinisha and Vidyut) among 15 finalists were selected for the first ever Earthshot Prize 2021, which will be held...

18 Sep 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
SPIN Scheme: KVIC

Why in News Recently, the Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) launched the SPIN (Strengthening the Potential of India) scheme to make...

18 Sep 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Toxic 3 Os Used in Sunscreen

Why in News Recently, a petition has been submitted by some activists to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to reclassify toxic 3 Os...

18 Sep 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Killing of White-Sided Dolphins: Faroe Islands

Why in News Recently, the traditional annual killing of whales and dolphins (grindadrap” hunt) in North Atlantic islands that belong to...

17 Sep 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Mammoth Cave: US

Why in News Recently, the official length of Mammoth Cave has been extended to 420 miles. Key Points The additional mileage (8 miles) was...

17 Sep 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Exercise SCO Peaceful Mission 2021

Why in News The 6th edition of Exercise Peaceful Mission is being hosted by Russia in the Orenburg Region of South West Russia from 13th to 25th...

16 Sep 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
AUKUS Grouping

Why in News Recently, the US has announced a new trilateral security partnership for the Indo-Pacific, between Australia, the UK and the US...

16 Sep 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Tarballs

Why in News Recently, black oil-emanating balls also called Tarballs were seen, lying on the shore of Mumbai Beach. Key...

16 Sep 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Black Tigers

Why in News Recently, scientists have unraveled the mystery behind Odisha’s ‘Black Tigers’ in Similipal Tiger Reserve (STR) The...

16 Sep 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Index of Industrial Production

Why in News India’s industrial output grew by 11.5% in July compared to a 10.5% contraction a year ago, as per quick estimates from the...

15 Sep 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Raja Mahendra Pratap Singh

Why in News Recently, the Prime Minister laid the foundation stone of Raja Mahendra Pratap Singh (1886-1979) State University in Aligarh, Uttar...

15 Sep 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Mobile X-Ray Container Scanning System: Paradip Port

Why in News Recently, a Mobile X-Ray Container Scanning System (MXCS) has been installed by Paradip Port near the PICT (Paradeep International Cargo...

14 Sep 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Pilibhit Tiger Reserve: Uttar Pradesh

Why in News Recently, a herd of Elephants from Shuklaphanta National Park reached the Pilibhit Tiger Reserve (Uttar Pradesh) and damaged crops of...

14 Sep 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Battle of Saragarhi

Why in News Recently, 12th September marked the 124th anniversary of the Battle of Saragarhi. Key Points The Battle of Saragarhi is considered...

13 Sep 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Swami Vivekanada

Why in News Recently, the Prime Minister of India recalled Swami Vivekananda’s iconic 1893 speech at Chicago and said its spirit has the...

13 Sep 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
ATL Space Challenge 2021

Why in News Recently, NITI Aayog’s Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) in collaboration with ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) and CBSE...

11 Sep 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
World’s Northernmost Island

Why in News A new island has been discovered that is located off the Greenland’s coast. Key Points Measuring 60×30 metres and with...

10 Sep 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Atmanirbhar Corner in Indian Missions

Why in News Tribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation of India (TRIFED) in collaboration with the Ministry of External Affairs will set up...

10 Sep 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
AUSINDEX 2021

Why in News Recently, India and Australia have participated in the 4th edition of AUSINDEX Naval Exercise. It comes on the heels of the Malabar...

09 Sep 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims

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		'article_id' => (int) 9851,
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		'title' => 'Free Education to 112 Aspirational Districts',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-national-institutions/niti-aayog-national-institution-for-transforming-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>NITI Aayog</strong></a> launched an initiative with BYJU&rsquo;S (an edutech giant) to provide <strong>free access to tech-driven learning programmes to children from India's 112 aspirational districts.</strong></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Students of Classes 6-12</strong> in government schools across <strong>112 <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/aspirational-districts-programme" target="_blank" rel="noopener">&lsquo;Aspirational Districts (AD)&rsquo;</a></strong> will get free access to the company&rsquo;s<strong> &ldquo;premium learning resources&rdquo;.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>ADs are the districts which are affected by poor socio-economic indicators.They are aspirational in the context, that <strong>improvement in these districts can lead to the overall improvement in human development</strong> in India.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>BYJU&rsquo;S will also provide<strong> &ldquo;free&rdquo; coaching classes to over 3,000 &ldquo;meritorious&rdquo; students of Classes 11 and 12,</strong> offered by Aakash Institute, for engineering and medical entrance examinations.</li>
<li>It aims <strong>to make the supplemental learning resources available to children</strong> in the government schools in the Aspirational Districts on a pro-bono basis (without charge or very less fees).</li>
<li>It is also aimed<strong> to improve the online education system</strong> in India and mitigate the digital divide in education.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/niti-aayog-ties-up-with-byjus-to-provide-study-material-to-schools-7514119/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: IE</strong></a></p>',
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		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Earthshot Prize 2021',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, <strong>two Indians (Vinisha and Vidyut)</strong> among 15 finalists were selected for the first ever <strong>Earthshot Prize 2021</strong>, which will be held in London.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>A 14-year-old Tamil Nadu schoolgirl&rsquo;s solar-powered ironing cart and a Delhi entrepreneur&rsquo;s agricultural waste recycling concept named among finalists.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The prize was <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/earthshot-prize" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>launched by Britain&rsquo;s Prince William in October 2020</strong></a> in order to search for inspiring and innovative solutions to problems facing the planet.</li>
<li>The prize is inspired by US President John F Kennedy's <strong>"Moonshot" programme</strong>, which resulted in the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/apollo-11-50-years" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>US Apollo lunar launches</strong></a> and the first man setting foot on the Moon in 1969.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Theme:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is centred around five <strong>&ldquo;Earthshots&rdquo;</strong>, simple but ambitious goals for the planet, which if <strong>achieved by 2030 will improve life for all</strong>, for generations to come.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Five Earthshots:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Protect and restore nature</li>
<li>Clean our air</li>
<li>Revive our oceans</li>
<li>Build a waste-free world</li>
<li>Fix our climate.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Awards Ceremony:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It will take place in different cities across the world <strong>each year between 2021 and 2030</strong>, at which the <strong>five winners for each of the Earthshots will be selected from 15 finalists.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Benefits to Winners:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>After the awards, <strong>each winner will receive a global platform and prestigious profile</strong>, with their stories being showcased over the decade with the ambition that their solutions lead to mass adoption, replication and scaling. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The <strong>1 million pound in prize money</strong> will support environmental and conservation projects that are agreed with a winner.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Eligibility:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Prizes can be <strong>awarded to a wide range of individuals, teams or collaborations</strong> such as scientists, activists, economists, community projects etc, which make a substantial contribution to achieving the Earthshots.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Prize Management:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>In addition to the<strong> Prize Council</strong>, the Earthshot Prize is supported by its Global Alliance, a network of organisations worldwide which share the ambition of the Prize to repair the planet.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/world/2-indian-projects-among-15-finalists-for-prince-williams-earthshot-prize-7515833/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: IE</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 9832,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'SPIN Scheme: KVIC',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the <strong>Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC)</strong> launched the <strong>SPIN (Strengthening the Potential of India) scheme</strong> to make potters self-sustainable.</p>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>KVIC</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>A <strong>statutory body</strong> established under the Khadi and Village Industries Commission Act, 1956. It functions under the <strong><a href="/to-the-points/paper3/micro-small-and-medium-enterprises-msme" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises</a>.</strong> In 2017-18, it launched the <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/madhu-kranti-portal-honey-corners" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Honey Mission programme</a>.</strong> Recently, it launched a project named <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/project-bold-kvic" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Bamboo Oasis on Lands in Drought (BOLD)</strong> </a>from the village NichlaMandwa in Udaipur, Rajasthan.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>SPIN Scheme:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>About:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Under SPIN, KVIC will <strong>facilitate potters to get easy loans</strong> from banks that will help the potters to diversify their activities and enhance their income.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Objective:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It is aimed at <strong>sustainable development by creating local self-employment</strong> which is aligned with the Prime Minister&rsquo;s commitment <strong>of &ldquo;Job to Every Hand&rdquo;</strong> (Har Hath Me Kaam).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Features:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It is a no-subsidy program.</li>
<li>KVIC facilitates potters to get bank loans under <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/pradhan-mantri-mudra-yojana" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Pradhan Mantri Shishu Mudra Yojana.</strong></a></li>
<li>No financial burden on the exchequer.</li>
<li>Beneficiaries can repay the loans in easy installments.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Significance:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It will reduce their dependence on government subsidy and thus make potters self-reliant.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Other Related Schemes:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/kumhar-sashaktikaran-yojana" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Kumhar Sashaktikaran Yojana.</strong></a></li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/terracotta-grinder" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Terracotta Grinder.</strong></a></li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/pmegp-and-cgtmse" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Prime Minister&rsquo;s Employment Generation Programme.</strong></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It was launched by the government<strong> in 2015 for providing loans up to Rs. 10 lakh</strong> to the non-corporate, non-farm small/micro-enterprises. Loans under this scheme are <strong>collateral-free loans.</strong></li>
<li>Under this, three products have been created, i.e. <strong>'Shishu', 'Kishore' and &lsquo;Tarun&rsquo;</strong> as per the stage of growth and funding needs of the beneficiary micro unit.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Shishu:</strong> Covering loans up to Rs. 50,000.</li>
<li><strong>Kishore:</strong> Covering loans above Rs. 50,000 and up to Rs. 5 lakh.</li>
<li><strong>Tarun:</strong> Covering loans above Rs. 5 lakh and up to Rs. 10 lakh.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1755752" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 9831,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Toxic 3 Os Used in Sunscreen',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, a petition has been submitted by some activists to the <strong>US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)</strong> to reclassify<strong> toxic 3 Os (Oxybenzone, Octinoxate and Octocrylene)</strong> used in sunscreen.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>They demanded that chemicals be shifted to<strong> &ldquo;Not Generally Recognized As Safe &amp; Effective&rdquo; (GRASE Category II).</strong></li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Toxic 3 Os:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Oxybenzone (OBZ), avobenzone (AVB), octocrylene (OCR) and octinoxate (OMC) are <strong>UltraViolet (UV) filters</strong> commonly added to chemical sunscreens.</li>
<li>These UV filters are known to widely contaminate the environment through a variety of<strong> anthropogenic sources,</strong> including sewage discharge.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Related Concerns:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>The 3Os</strong> are active ingredients present in more than<strong> two-thirds of all sunscreens</strong> and they pose a <strong>threat to public health, marine life and <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/great-barrier-reef-2#:~:text=This%20reef%20structure%20is%20composed,the%20structure%20of%20coral%20reefs." target="_blank" rel="noopener">coral reefs</a>.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Octocrylene</strong> in sun protection products <strong>degrades into benzophenone.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Benzophenone is a carcinogen that can also interfere with key hormones and reproductive organs.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>They cause<strong> human cell damage</strong> that has been linked to cancer, disrupt hormones, have been found in breast milk, blood and urine and are <strong>known allergens.</strong></li>
<li>Oxybenzone is<strong> particularly toxic to corals</strong> at concentrations as low as a few parts per trillion.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>They wash off people&rsquo;s bodies when they swim and contaminate through waste water runoff and cause<strong> &lsquo;zombie&rsquo; coral</strong> which looks healthy but is unable to reproduce, <a href="/to-the-points/paper3/coral-bleaching" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>coral bleaching</strong> </a>as well as other issues.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1631951894_image2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1631951894_image2.jpg" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" caption="false" width="700" height="443" /></a></h3>
<p><a href="https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/wildlife-biodiversity/us-activists-politicians-demand-fda-reclassify-toxic-3-os-used-in-sunscreen-79020" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: DTE</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 9827,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Killing of White-Sided Dolphins: Faroe Islands',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the <strong>traditional annual killing of whales and dolphins</strong> (grindadrap&rdquo; hunt) in <strong>North Atlantic islands that belong to Denmark</strong> has sparked controversy.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>1,428 <strong>white-sided dolphins</strong> were slaughtered at <strong>Faroe Islands.</strong></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1631881355_image22.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1631881355_image22.jpg" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="600" caption="false" /></strong></a></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>White-Sided Dolphins:<a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1631881373_image6.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1631881373_image6.jpg" style="float: right;" width="300" caption="false" /></a></strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Scientific Name:</strong> Lagenorhynchus acutus</li>
<li><strong>Characteristics:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Their<strong> common name comes from the prominent white stripes</strong> on their sides, which span from below the dorsal fin to their tail, where it turns into a yellow or amber color.</li>
<li>Their <strong>scientific name comes from</strong> the Greek word lagenos (which means bottle), rhynchus (which means snout or nose), and acutus from Latin (which means sharp or pointed, referring to their sharply-pointed dorsal fins).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Habitat:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The distribution of the Atlantic white-sided dolphin is the <strong>cool temperate and subarctic waters of the north Atlantic Ocean</strong> from southern Greenland to Massachusetts, and from the British Isles to western Norway.</li>
<li>It has also been reported as far as the southern Barents Sea, the Baltic Sea, the Azores, and the Adriatic Sea.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Conservation Status:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/iucn-red-list" target="_blank" rel="noopener">IUCN</a>: Least Concern</strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/cites" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CITES</a>: Appendix II</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Dolphins in Indian Waters:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/gangetic-river-dolphin#:~:text=The%20Ganges%20River%20Dolphin%20was,freshwater%20and%20is%20essentially%20blind." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Gangetic River Dolphin</strong></a></li>
<li><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/irrawaddy-dolphins-in-the-chilika-lake" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Irrawaddy Dolphins</a></strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/world/faroe-islands-activists-slam-killing-of-dolphins-7510571/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: IE</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 5 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 9823,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Mammoth Cave: US',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the <strong>official length of Mammoth Cave has been extended to 420 miles.</strong></p>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1631877191_image2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1631877191_image2.jpg" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" caption="false" width="500" height="391" /></strong></a></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The <strong>additional mileage (8 miles)</strong> was mapped and <strong>documented by the Cave Research Foundation.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Mammoth Cave National Park,</strong> located in the state of <strong>Kentucky (US),</strong> has the <strong>world's largest network of natural caves and underground passageways,</strong> which are characteristic <strong>examples of limestone formations (karst topography).</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is a <a href="/to-the-points/paper1/world-heritage-sites-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>World Heritage Site</strong></a> (designated in 1981).</li>
<li>It became an <strong>International Biosphere Reserve in 1990.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Karst Topography</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It is<strong> a type of landscape where the dissolving of the bedrock has created sinkholes, sinking streams, caves, springs,</strong> and other characteristic features.</li>
<li>Karst is<strong> associated with soluble rock types</strong> such as limestone, marble, and gypsum.</li>
<li>In general, a typical karst landscape <strong>forms</strong> when much of the water falling on the surface interacts with and enters the subsurface through cracks, fractures, and holes that have been dissolved into the bedrock. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>After traveling underground, sometimes for long distances, this water is then discharged from springs, many of which are cave entrances.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1631877260_image17.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1631877260_image17.jpg" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" caption="false" width="624" height="385" /></a></p>
</div>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/world/world-longest-cave-system-adds-8-miles-7511300/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: IE</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 9802,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Exercise SCO Peaceful Mission 2021',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The <strong>6<sup>th</sup> edition of Exercise Peaceful Mission</strong> is being hosted by <strong>Russia</strong> in the Orenburg Region of South West Russia from 13<sup>th</sup> to 25<sup>th</sup> September 2021.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>India</strong> participated for the <strong>first time in the 5<sup>th</sup> edition</strong> of the Exercise <strong>(2018).</strong></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1631791764_image3.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1631791764_image3.jpg" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="800" caption="false" /></strong></a></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It is a<strong> Multilateral and Joint Counter Terrorism Exercise,</strong> which is conducted <strong>biennially</strong> as part of military diplomacy between<a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/important-international-institutions-shanghai-cooperation-organisation-sco" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)</strong></a> member states. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The SCO is <strong>an economic and security bloc</strong> in which India and Pakistan were admitted as full members in 2017. Its founding members included China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The <strong>scope of the exercise includes</strong> professional interaction, mutual understanding of drills &amp; procedures, establishment of joint command &amp; control structures and elimination of terrorist threats.</li>
<li>The<strong> aim</strong> is to foster close relations between SCO member states and to enhance abilities of the military leaders to command multi-national military contingents.</li>
<li>The<strong> Indian military contingent</strong> comprising an all arms combined force of 200 personnel including 38 personnel from the Indian Air Force is participating in the Exercise 2021.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1755021" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 7 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 9800,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'AUKUS Grouping',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the US has announced <strong>a new trilateral security partnership for the<a href="/loksabha-rajyasabha-discussions/the-big-picture-india-s-vision-for-indo-pacific" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Indo-Pacific</a>, between Australia, the UK and the US (AUKUS).</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The major highlight of this arrangement is the<strong> sharing of US nuclear submarine technology to Australia.</strong></li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Focusing on Indo-Pacific:</strong> The security grouping AUKUS will focus on advancing strategic interests in the Indo-Pacific region.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Though the US has explicitly denied that the grouping is targeted against China, its Indo-pacific orientation makes it an alliance against China&rsquo;s assertive actions in the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/south-china-sea-dispute" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>South China Sea.</strong></a></li>
<li>The three countries alongside Canada and New Zealand already share extensive intelligence through the<strong> Five Eyes alliance.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Transferring Nuclear Submarines to Australia:</strong> As part of this initiative, Australia will acquire nuclear-powered submarines with help from the UK and the US.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>This step is significant because the <strong>US has only shared nuclear submarine technology once before,</strong> and it started in<strong> 1958 with Great Britain.</strong></li>
<li>Nuclear submarines that are<strong> quieter</strong> than their conventional counterparts but also more capable of being <strong>deployed for longer periods </strong>and <strong>needing to surface less frequently.</strong></li>
<li>Alongside India&rsquo;s stated intent to acquire more nuclear-powered submarines, it will amount to a step-change increase in the <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/quad-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Quad&rsquo;s</a> undersea and anti-submarine warfare capabilities.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Quad is a grouping of India, USA, Australia and Japan.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Australia is now set to join an elite group of only six countries &ndash;</strong> India, the US, the UK, France, Russia and China &ndash; that operate nuclear-powered submarines. It will also be the<strong> only country to have such <a href="/loksabha-rajyasabha-discussions/akula-class-attack-submarine" target="_blank" rel="noopener">submarines</a> without having a civilian nuclear power industry.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Multi-Sectoral Cooperation:</strong> AUKUS will also involve a new architecture of meetings and engagements between the three countries, as well as cooperation across <strong>emerging technologies (<a href="/loksabha-rajyasabha-discussions/in-depth-artificial-intelligence" target="_blank" rel="noopener">applied AI</a>, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/quantum-technology-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">quantum technologies</a></strong> and undersea capabilities).</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Five Eyes Alliance</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Five Eyes alliance is an <strong>intelligence-sharing arrangement</strong> between five English-speaking democracies:<strong> the US, UK, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.</strong></li>
<li>The alliance was created during the <strong><a href="/to-the-points/paper1/cold-war" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Cold War</a> (1946-1991)</strong> that was fought between the United States and the Soviet Union, as well as their respective allies.</li>
<li>The alliance was needed to share sensitive information regarding their adversaries on all possible fronts available.</li>
<li>It is often described as the<strong> world's most successful intelligence alliance.</strong></li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/us-uk-australia-form-new-partnership/article36486642.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 8 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 9799,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Tarballs',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, black oil-emanating balls also called <strong>Tarballs</strong> were seen, lying on the shore of Mumbai Beach.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1631789099_image13.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1631789099_image13.jpg" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="350" caption="false" /></a></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Tarballs are dark-coloured, sticky balls of oil that <strong>form when crude oil floats on the ocean surface.</strong> They are formed by weathering of crude oil in marine environments.</li>
<li>Some of the balls are as big as a basketball while others are smaller globules. They are <strong>transported</strong> from the open sea to the shores<strong> by sea currents and waves.</strong></li>
<li>Most of the time, the presence of several tarballs <strong>indicate an <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/oil-spills-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">oil spill</a>.</strong> However, its annual occurrence on the west coast during the monsoon has led marine biologists and experts to demand an investigation in the matter.</li>
<li>Oil-well blowouts, accidental and deliberate release of bilge and ballast water from ships, river runoff, discharges through municipal sewage and industrial effluents also <strong>leads to the formation of tarballs.</strong></li>
<li>Once tarballs hit the beaches, they <strong>may be picked up by hand or by beach-cleaning machinery.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Concerns:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Tarballs that travel towards the coast <strong>can get stuck to the fishing nets</strong> installed in the sea, making it difficult for fishermen to clean.</li>
<li>In addition, it <strong>could affect marine life,</strong> especially filter feeders like clams and oysters.</li>
<li>Tarballs are <strong>difficult to break down,</strong> and can therefore travel for hundreds of miles in the sea.<strong> Tarball pollution</strong> is a major concern to the global marine ecosystem.</li>
<li><strong>Food retrieved from the coastal waters</strong> including fish and other sea food <strong>might also get contaminated</strong> and become a part of the larger food chain harming the health of people.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/mumbai-beaches-tarballs-explained-7510246/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: IE</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 9 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 9794,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Black Tigers',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, scientists have unraveled the mystery behind Odisha&rsquo;s<strong> &lsquo;Black Tigers&rsquo;</strong> in <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/similipal-biosphere-reserve-odisha" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Similipal Tiger Reserve</strong></a> (STR)</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The STR is the <strong>only <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/international-tiger-day" target="_blank" rel="noopener">tiger</a> habitat in the world with melanistic tigers</strong>, which have broad black stripes running across their bodies and thicker than those seen on normal tigers.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About:<a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1631774344_image5.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1631774344_image5.png" style="float: right;" width="400" caption="false" /></a></strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Black Tigers are a <strong>rare colour variant of the tiger</strong> and are <strong>not a distinct species</strong> or geographic subspecies.</li>
<li>The coat colouration and patterning that make the wild cats appear dark boil down to a single <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/mutated-novel-coronavirus" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>mutation</strong></a> in the <strong>Transmembrane Aminopeptidase Q (Taqpep) gene</strong>.</li>
<li>The abnormally d<strong>ark or black coat</strong> in such tigers is <strong>termed pseudo melanistic</strong> or false coloured.</li>
<li>If you pick any tiger from Similipal, the <strong>chance that it carries the mutant gene is almost 60%.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Factors for Occuring Black Colour:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Due to <strong>Geographic Isolation</strong>, genetically related individuals have been mating with each other for many generations in Similipal, leading to inbreeding.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It should be noted that this has important implications for tiger conservation as such<strong> isolated and inbred populations are prone to extinction</strong> over even short periods of time.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Similipal Tiger Reserve</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It was formally <strong>designated a tiger reserve in 1956</strong> and brought under <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/national-tiger-conservation-authority" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Project Tiger</strong> </a>in the year 1973. It was <strong>declared a biosphere reserve</strong> by the Government of India<strong> in June, 1994.</strong></li>
<li>It has been part of the <a href="/to-the-points/paper3/biosphere-reserves-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserve</strong></a> since 2009.</li>
<li>It is part of the Similipal-Kuldiha-Hadgarh Elephant Reserve popularly known as <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/elephant-corridors-in-odisha" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Mayurbhanj Elephant Reserve</strong></a>, which includes 3 protected areas i.e. Similipal Tiger Reserve, Hadagarh Wildlife sanctuary and Kuldiha wildlife sanctuary.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Location:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is situated in the <strong>northern part of Odisha&rsquo;s Mayurbhanj district</strong>. Geographically, it lies in the eastern end of the <strong>eastern ghat.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Wildlife:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Similipal is home to a wide range of wild animals including tigers and <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/world-elephant-day-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>elephants</strong></a>, besides <strong>304 species of birds, 20 species of amphibians</strong> and <strong>62 species of reptiles.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Tribes:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Two tribes, the<strong> Erenga Kharias</strong> and the <strong>Mankirdias</strong>, inhabit the reserve&rsquo;s forests and practise traditional agricultural activities (the collection of seeds and timber).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Vulnerability to Forest Fires:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Natural:</strong> Natural causes such as lighting or even soaring temperatures can sometimes result in <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/forest-fires" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>forest fires</strong></a> here.</li>
<li><strong>Man Made Factors:</strong> Instances of poaching and hunting wherein the poachers set a small patch of forest on fire to divert the wild animals, can lead to forest fires.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Other Major Protected Areas in Odisha:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/olive-ridley-turtles" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Bhitarkanika National Park</a>.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Badrama WLS.</strong></li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/irrawaddy-dolphins-in-the-chilika-lake" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Chilika</strong></a> <strong>(Nalaban island) WLS.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Hadgarh WLS</strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/satkosia-tiger-reserve" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Baisipalli WLS</a>.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Kotagarh WLS.</strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/nandankanan-zoological-park" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Nandankanan WLS</a>.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Lakhari Valley WLS.</strong></li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/olive-ridley-turtles-5" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Gahirmatha (Marine) WLS.</strong></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1631774291_image7.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1631774291_image7.png" width="500" caption="false" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></strong></a></p>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/scientists-unravel-mystery-behind-odishas-black-tigers-7508798/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: IE</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 10 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 9781,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Index of Industrial Production',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>India&rsquo;s <strong>industrial output grew by 11.5% in July compared to a 10.5% contraction a year ago,</strong> as per quick estimates from the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/sharp-economic-recovery" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>National Statistical Office (NSO).</strong></a></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About:<a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1631706083_image11.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1631706083_image11.png" style="float: right;" caption="false" width="261" height="487" /></a></strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Mining, manufacturing and electricity recorded growth of 19.5%, 10.5% and 11.1%, respectively, albeit driven by favourable base effect.</li>
<li>The country's output of the<strong> eight core sectors</strong> - also known as the infrastructural output, <strong>grew 9.4%</strong> in July 2021.</li>
<li>The index substantially bridged the gap with the pre-pandemic level and remained only marginally lower than the July 2019 mark, suggesting a graded pick-up in industrial activities with the easing of curbs in key states as the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/reasons-for-rising-covid-19-infections-second-wave" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Second Covid Wave</strong></a> waned.</li>
<li>This recovery is owing to the result of the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/core-sector-output-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Base Effect</strong></a> due to the <a href="/loksabha-rajyasabha-discussions/the-big-picture-india-s-covid-pandemic-management" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Covid-19</strong></a> lockdown that affected economic activity in 2020.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The base effect refers to the effect that the choice of a basis of comparison or reference can have on the result of the comparison between data points.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Index of Industrial Production:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>IIP is an indicator that measures the changes in the volume of production of industrial products during a given period.</li>
<li>It is compiled and published monthly by the <strong>National Statistical Office (NSO),</strong> Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation.</li>
<li>It is a composite indicator that measures the growth rate of industry groups classified under:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Broad sectors,</strong> namely, Mining, Manufacturing, and Electricity.</li>
<li><strong>Use-based sectors,</strong> namely Basic Goods, Capital Goods, and Intermediate Goods.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Base Year for IIP <strong>is 2011-2012.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Significance of IIP:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It is used by government agencies including the Ministry of Finance, the Reserve Bank of India, etc, for policy-making purposes.</li>
<li>IIP remains extremely relevant for the calculation of the quarterly and advance <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/gdp-decreases-to-11-year-low" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>GDP (Gross Domestic Product)</strong> </a>estimates.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>About Eight Core Sectors:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>These <strong>comprise 40.27% of the weight of items</strong> included in the Index of Industrial Production (IIP).</li>
<li>The eight core sector industries in decreasing order of their weightage: <strong>Refinery Products&gt; Electricity&gt; Steel&gt; Coal&gt; Crude Oil&gt; Natural Gas&gt; Cement&gt; Fertilizers.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID%3D1753865&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1631709772588000&amp;usg=AOvVaw3WyZiAsQ96fEBTfZ1c6xez" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 11 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 9773,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Raja Mahendra Pratap Singh',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the Prime Minister laid the foundation stone of <strong>Raja Mahendra Pratap Singh (1886-1979) State University in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh.</strong></p>
<h3>Key Points<a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1631690049_image4.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1631690049_image4.png" style="float: right;" width="200" caption="false" /></a></h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Brief Profile: Born in Hathras (UP) in 1886,</strong> he was a<strong> freedom fighter, revolutionary, writer, social reformer,</strong> and<strong> internationalist.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>He was well versed in eight different languages and practised different religions.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Promoted Education:</strong> In <strong>1909,</strong> he gave up his own residence in Mathura to be converted into a technical school named <strong>Prem Mahavidyalaya.</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is said to have been the <strong>country&rsquo;s first polytechnic.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Contribution to the Freedom Struggle:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>In <strong>1913,</strong> he took part in <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/mahatma-gandhi-jayanti" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Gandhi&rsquo;s</strong></a> <strong>campaign in South Africa.</strong></li>
<li>He established a<strong> &ldquo;Provisional Government of India (Bagh-e-Babur)&rdquo; in Kabul</strong> in the middle of <strong><a href="/to-the-points/paper1/world-war-i-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">World War-I</a> in 1915.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>He <strong>declared himself president,</strong> and his fiery fellow revolutionary <strong>Maulana Barkatullah of Bhopal, prime minister,</strong> of the Provisional Government.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>He is said to have <strong>met Vladimir Lenin in 1919,</strong> two years after the Bolshevik Revolution (in Russia).</li>
<li>In <strong>1925,</strong> he <strong>went on a mission to Tibet and met the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/next-dalai-lama" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Dalai Lama</a>.</strong> He was primarily on an unofficial economic mission on behalf of Afghanistan, but he also wanted to expose the British brutalities in India.</li>
<li>The Raja <strong>finally returned to India a year before Independence,</strong> and immediately began work with Mahatma Gandhi.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Others:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>In <strong>1929,</strong> he launched the <strong>World Federation</strong> (which later became the force behind the <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/united-nations-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>United Nations</strong></a>)<strong> in Berlin.</strong> He was <strong>nominated for the 1932 <a href="/to-the-points/Paper2/nobel-prize-2020" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Nobel Peace Prize.</a></strong></li>
<li>In free India, he diligently <strong>pursued his ideal of <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-national-institutions/panchayati-raj-institution-pri" target="_blank" rel="noopener">panchayati raj.</a></strong></li>
<li>He<strong> entered Lok Sabha</strong> as an Independent candidate from Mathura<strong> in 1957.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/legacy-of-raja-mahendra-pratap-singh-contribution-to-building-of-amu-7508315/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: IE</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 9763,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Mobile X-Ray Container Scanning System: Paradip Port',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, a<strong> Mobile X-Ray Container Scanning System (MXCS)</strong> has been installed by<strong> Paradip Port</strong> near the PICT (Paradeep International Cargo Terminal) Terminal.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It has been installed under the <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/ease-of-doing-business-rankings-of-the-states-dpiit" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Ease of Doing Business</a> (EoDB) initiative</strong> for the purpose of<strong> reducing physical examination and dwell time of containers at the Port.</strong></li>
<li>It will facilitate <strong>movement of unshredded metallic scrap</strong> materials in containers through the Port to meet the long standing requirement of hinterland Industries.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Significance:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is <strong>expected to boost the container volume at Paradip Port</strong> and will<strong> reduce the logistic cost</strong> and help the <strong>EXIM</strong> (Export-Import) <strong>trade.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Paradip Port:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is a<strong> natural, deep-water port on the East coast of India,</strong> situated at the confluence of the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/ngt-panel-for-protection-of-mahanadi-floodplain" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Mahanadi river</strong> </a>and the Bay of Bengal, in Odisha.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Located 210 nautical miles south of Kolkata and 260 nautical miles north of Visakhapatnam.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>It is administered by the <strong>Paradip Port Trust (PPT),</strong> administering under the Major Port Trusts Act, 1963 functioning under the <strong>Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways.</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>PPT was commissioned in 1966 as a <strong>mono commodity port for export of iron ore.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1631616988_image10.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1631616988_image10.jpg" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="600" caption="false" /></strong></a></p>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1754434" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 9762,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Pilibhit Tiger Reserve: Uttar Pradesh',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, a herd of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/world-elephant-day-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Elephants</strong> </a>from Shuklaphanta National Park reached the <strong>Pilibhit Tiger Reserve</strong> (Uttar Pradesh) and damaged crops of farmers.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The <strong>Shuklaphanta National Park</strong> is a protected area in the Terai of the Far-Western Region, Nepal.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is located in <strong>Pilibhit district, Lakhimpur Kheri District</strong> and <strong>Bahraich</strong> District of Uttar Pradesh.</li>
<li>It was designated as a <a href="/loksabha-rajyasabha-discussions/the-big-picture-importance-of-tiger-conservation" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Tiger Reserve</strong></a> in<strong> 2014</strong> and was India&rsquo;s <strong>45<sup>th</sup> Tiger Reserve Project.</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>In 2020, it bagged the International <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/awards-for-tiger-conservation" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Award TX2</strong></a> for <strong>doubling up the number of tigers in the past four years.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>It forms part of<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/pilibhit-tiger-reserve-uttar-pradesh" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Terai Arc Landscape</strong></a> in the upper <a href="/know-your-state/know-your-state-uttar-pradesh" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Gangetic Plain</strong></a>. The<strong> northern edge of the reserve lies along the Indo-Nepal border</strong> while the southern boundary is marked by the<strong> river Sharada and Khakra.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Corridor Linkages:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Pilibhit is an important habitat for tigers <strong>owing to its connection with several tiger habitats</strong> within the State and outside. They are<strong> used by tigers and other wild animals.</strong></li>
<li>The important linkages are:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Surahi range -<strong> <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/corbett-tiger-reserve-uttarakhand" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Corbett</a></strong></li>
<li>Lagga-Bagga - Shuklaphanta National Park (Nepal)</li>
<li>Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary &ndash; <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/dudhwa-national-park" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Dudhwa</a>.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Flora and Fauna:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is home to a habitat for over <strong>127 animals, 326 bird species and 2,100 flowering plants.</strong></li>
<li>Wild animals include tiger,<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/kanha-tiger-reserve" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> swamp deer</strong></a>, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/species-included-in-appendix-i-of-uncms" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>bengal florican</strong></a>,<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/rise-in-leopard-population" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> leopard</strong></a>, etc.</li>
<li>It has high <strong>sal forests, plantations and grasslands</strong> with several water bodies.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1631614796_image5.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1631614796_image5.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" caption="false" width="600" height="450" /></a></p>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Terai Arc Landscape</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It is an 810 km stretch between the river<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/supreme-court-s-view-on-pollution-in-yamuna" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Yamuna</strong></a> in the west and the <strong>river Bhagmati in the east.</strong></li>
<li>It is spread across the <strong>Indian states of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, and the low lying hills of Nepal.</strong></li>
<li>It boasts of some of India&rsquo;s most well-known <strong>Tiger Reserves and Protected Areas</strong> such as <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/corbett-tiger-reserve-uttarakhand" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Corbett Tiger Reserve</strong> </a>(Uttarakhand), <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/rajaji-national-park" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Rajaji National Park</strong></a> (Uttarakhand), <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/dudhwa-national-park" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Dudhwa Tiger Reserve</strong></a> (Uttar Pradesh), <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/conservation-of-vultures" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Valmiki Tiger Reserve</strong> </a>(Bihar).</li>
<li>The forests are home to three flagship species, the Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris), the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/parasitic-infections-in-one-horned-rhinoceros" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>greater one horned rhino</strong></a> (Rhinoceros unicornis) and the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/world-elephant-day-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Asian elephant</strong></a> (Elephas maximus).</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-miscellaneous/tp-others/elephants-from-nepal-damage-crops-in-up/article36423639.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 14 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 9754,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Battle of Saragarhi',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, <strong>12<sup>th</sup> September</strong> marked the <strong>124<sup>th</sup> anniversary of the Battle of Saragarhi.</strong></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Battle of Saragarhi is considered <strong>one of the finest last stands in the military history of the world.</strong> </li>
<li><strong>Saragarhi</strong> was the <strong>communication tower between Fort Lockhart and Fort Gulistan.</strong> The two forts in the rugged <strong>North West Frontier Province (NWFP),</strong> now in Pakistan, were built by <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/maharaja-ranjit-singh" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Maharaja Ranjit Singh</strong></a> but renamed by the British.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Saragarhi helped to link up the two important forts which housed a large number of British troops in the rugged terrain of NWFP.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Twenty-one soldiers were pitted against over 8,000 Afridi and Orakzai tribals</strong> but they managed to hold the fort for seven hours. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Though Saragarhi was usually manned by a platoon of 40 soldiers, on that fateful day, it was being held by only 21 soldiers from 36<sup>th</sup> Sikh Regiment (now 4<sup>th</sup> Sikh in Indian Army) and a <strong>non-combatant called Daad,</strong> a Pashtun who did odd jobs for the troops.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Though heavily outnumbered, the soldiers of 36<sup>th</sup> Sikhs, <strong>led by Havildar Ishar Singh,</strong> fought till their last breath, killing 200 tribals and injuring 600.</li>
<li>In 2017, the Punjab government decided to observe Saragarhi Day on 12<sup>th</sup> September as a holiday.</li>
<li>Even today the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/gilgit-baltistan-to-become-a-pakistani-province" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Khyber</strong></a> Scouts regiment of the Pakistani army mounts a guard and salutes the Saragarhi memorial close to Fort Lockhart.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1631536778_image14.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1631536778_image14.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" caption="false" width="508" height="293" /></a></p>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/battle-of-saragarhi-explained-when-21-men-fought-thousands-7503623/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: IE</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 15 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 9736,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Swami Vivekanada',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the Prime Minister of India <strong>recalled Swami Vivekananda&rsquo;s iconic 1893 speech at Chicago</strong> and said its spirit has the potential to create a more just, prosperous, and inclusive planet.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><a href="/to-the-points/paper4/to-the-point-paper-4-indian-thinker-swami-vivekanand-1863-1902" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Swami Vivekananda</strong></a>, is regarded as a one of the finest spiritual leaders and intellects India has produced.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1631521126_image10.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1631521126_image10.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" caption="false" width="512" height="284" /></a></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Birth:</strong> He was born as Narendranath Datta on 12<sup>th</sup> January, 1863.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/national-youth-day-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>National Youth Day</strong></a> is held every year to observe the birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda.</li>
<li>In 1893, upon the request of Maharaja Ajit Singh of the Khetri State, he took the name &lsquo;Vivekananda.&rsquo;</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Contributions:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Introduced the world to the Indian philosophies <strong>of <a href="/to-the-points/paper4/schools-of-indian-philosophy" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Vedanta and Yoga</a>.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>He preached<strong> &lsquo;neo-Vedanta&rsquo;,</strong> an interpretation of Hinduism through a Western lens, and believed <strong>in combining spirituality with material progress.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Laid the greatest emphasis on education for the regeneration of our motherland. Advocated a <strong>man-making character-building education.</strong></li>
<li>Best known for his speech at the World Parliament of Religion in Chicago in 1893.</li>
<li>Spelt out the four pathways of attaining moksha from the worldly pleasure and attachment in his books -<strong> Raja-yoga, Karma-yoga, Jnana-yoga and Bhakti-yoga.</strong></li>
<li><a href="/to-the-points/paper1/subhash-chandra-bose-3" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose</strong></a> had called Vivekananda the<strong> &ldquo;maker of modern India.&rdquo;</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Associated Organisations:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>He was the chief <strong>disciple of the 19<sup>th</sup>-century mystic Ramakrishna Paramhansa</strong> and established the Ramakrishna Mission in 1897.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Ramakrishna Mission is an organization which works in the area of value-based education, culture, health, women's empowerment, youth and tribal welfare and relief and rehabilitation.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>In 1899, he <strong>established the Belur Math,</strong> which became his permanent abode.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Death:</strong> He died at Belur Math in 1902. Belur Math,<strong> located in West Bengal,</strong> is the headquarters of Ramakrishna Math &amp; Ramakrishna Mission.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1754239" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 9722,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'ATL Space Challenge 2021',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, <strong><a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-national-institutions/niti-aayog-national-institution-for-transforming-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener">NITI Aayog&rsquo;s</a> Atal Innovation Mission (AIM)</strong> in collaboration with <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-national-institutions/indian-space-research-organisation-isro" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation)</strong></a> and <strong>CBSE</strong> (Central Board of Secondary Education) has launched <strong>'ATL Space Challenge 2021&rsquo;.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Earlier, the Union cabinet in June 2020 decided to open up the space sector for private sector participation, and cleared the creation of a new entity, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/private-sector-participation-in-space" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Centre (IN-SPACe)</strong></a>, to encourage private companies to use India&rsquo;s space infrastructure.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>This is to ensure that <strong>students of classes 6 to 12</strong> are given an open platform where they can innovate and enable themselves to solve digital age space technology problems. </li>
<li>Students from <strong>both ATL (Atal Tinkering Labs) and non-ATL schools</strong> can submit their entries in the space challenge. School teachers, ATL In-charges and mentors may support the student teams.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Under the ATL initiative, schools receive a grant for setting up such labs to encourage students to give shape to their ideas and come up with innovative experiments on their own in these laboratories. </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>It aligns with the <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/world-space-week" target="_blank" rel="noopener">World Space Week</a> 2021</strong> which is observed from 4<sup>th</sup> -10<sup>th</sup> October each year, to celebrate the contributions of space science and technology.</li>
<li>This comes against the backdrop of India&rsquo;s push to move up in the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/global-innovation-index-2020" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Global Innovation Index</strong></a> (GII, released by the World Intellectual Property Organisation) rankings.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Atal Innovation Mission:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>AIM is Government of India&rsquo;s<strong> flagship initiative to promote a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship</strong> in the country.</li>
<li>It&rsquo;s <strong>objective</strong> is to develop new programmes and policies for fostering innovation in different sectors of the economy, provide platform and collaboration opportunities for different stakeholders, create awareness and create an umbrella structure to oversee the innovation ecosystem of the country.</li>
<li><strong>Major Initiatives:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/launch-of-collabcad-in-atal-tinkering-labs" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Atal Tinkering Labs</strong></a>: Creating problem solving mindset across schools in India.</li>
<li><strong>Atal Incubation Centers:</strong> Fostering world class startups and adding a new dimension to the incubator model.</li>
<li><strong>Atal New India Challenges:</strong> Fostering product innovations and aligning them to the needs of various sectors/ministries.</li>
<li><strong>Mentor India Campaign:</strong> A national mentor network in collaboration with the public sector, corporates and institutions, to support all the initiatives of the mission.</li>
<li><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/atal-community-innovation-centre" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Atal Community Innovation Center</a></strong>: To stimulate community centric innovation and ideas in the unserved /underserved regions of the country including Tier 2 and Tier 3 cities.</li>
<li><strong>Atal Research and Innovation for Small Enterprises (ARISE):</strong> To stimulate innovation and research in the MSME industry.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1631352500_image7.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1631352500_image7.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="400" caption="false" /></a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/news/niti-aayog-in-tie-up-with-isro-cbse-launch-space-challenge-for-school-students-101631340475830.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: HT</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 9716,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'World’s Northernmost Island',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>A new island has been discovered that is located off the Greenland&rsquo;s coast.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1631274798_unnamed.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1631274798_unnamed.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="400" caption="false" /></a></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Measuring 60&times;30 metres and with a peak of three metres above sea level, it has now become the <strong>new northernmost piece of land on Earth. Before this, Oodaaq was marked as the Earth&rsquo;s northernmost terrain.</strong></li>
<li>It is <strong>made up of seabed mud and moraine</strong>, i.e. soil, rock and other material left behind by moving glaciers, and has no vegetation.</li>
<li>The researchers have suggested the <strong>discovery be named &lsquo;Qeqertaq Avannarleq&rsquo;</strong>, which is Greenlandic for &ldquo;the northernmost island&rdquo;.</li>
<li>The discovery<strong> comes as a battle is looming among <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/arctic-concerns-opportunities" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Arctic nations</a></strong>, the US, Russia, Canada, Denmark and Norway for the control of the North Pole and of the surrounding seabed, fishing rights and shipping routes exposed by melting ice due to climate change.</li>
<li><strong>Global warming might have had a severe effect on the ice sheet of Greenland</strong>, but the new island however is not a direct consequence of climate change.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/new-island-near-greenland-qeqertaq-avannarleq-7497856/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: IE</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 9714,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Atmanirbhar Corner in Indian Missions',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p><a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-national-institutions/apeda-trifed" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Tribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation of India (TRIFED)</strong></a> in collaboration with the <strong>Ministry of External Affairs</strong> will set up an<strong> Atmanirbhar Bharat corner</strong> in 100 Indian Missions/ Embassies across the world.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The <strong>first Atmanirbhar Bharat corner</strong> was inaugurated at the Indian Embassy in <strong>Bangkok, Thailand,</strong> on <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/initiatives-on-75th-independence-day" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Independence Day.</strong></a></li>
<li><strong>TRIFED</strong> is a<strong> national-level apex organization</strong> functioning under the administrative control of the <strong>Ministry of Tribal Affairs.</strong> It is<strong> involved in schemes</strong> such as <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/van-dhan-producer-companies" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Van Dhan Programme</a>, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/minimum-support-price-3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">MSP</a> for <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/msp-hiked-for-minor-forest-produce" target="_blank" rel="noopener">MFP</a> and <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/sankalp-se-siddhi-mission-van-dhan" target="_blank" rel="noopener">TRIFOOD</a>.</strong></li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Atmanirbhar Bharat Corner:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The corner will be<strong> an exclusive space to promote GI (<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/gi-tag-for-pakistani-basmati#:~:text=About%3A,originating%20in%20a%20given%20place." target="_blank" rel="noopener">Geographical Indication</a>) tagged tribal art and craft products</strong> besides natural and organic products.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Geographical Indication:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The Geographical Indication, which has been recognized by the <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/world-trade-organisation-wto" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>World Trade Organization (WTO)</strong></a>, is used to denote the<strong> geographical territory</strong> from where a product, be it an agricultural produce, natural product or manufactured, and also conveys assurance of qualities or attributes that are unique to that specific geographic region.</li>
<li>India became a <strong>signatory to this convention,</strong> when, as a member of the WTO, it enacted the <strong>Geographical Indications (Registration and Protection Act), 1999,</strong> which came into effect from September 2003.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>This Act is <strong>administered</strong> by the Controller General of Patents, Designs, and Trademarks, who is also the Registrar of Geographical Indications.</li>
<li>The Geographical Indications Registry for India is <strong>located in Chennai.</strong></li>
<li>The registration of a geographical indication is <strong>valid for a period of 10 years.</strong> It can be renewed from time to time for a further period of 10 years each.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Other Related Initiatives: <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/aadi-mahotsav" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Aadi Mahotsav</a></strong>, Go Tribal campaign, TRIBES India, etc.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1742663" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 9695,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'AUSINDEX 2021',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, <strong>India and Australia</strong> have participated in the <strong>4<sup>th</sup> edition of AUSINDEX Naval Exercise.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It comes on the heels of the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/malabar-exercise-2021" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Malabar Naval Exercise</strong></a>, one of the largest wargaming exercises of India, in which all the four members of the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/first-leaders-summit-quad" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Quad</strong></a> had participated - India, Australia, the US and Japan - in the last week of August.</li>
<li>These exercises are a part of the two-month deployment of the Navy&rsquo;s Eastern Fleet to <strong><a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/asean" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Southeast Asia</a>, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/south-china-sea-dispute" target="_blank" rel="noopener">South China Sea</a></strong> and the <strong><a href="/to-the-points/paper1/el-nino-and-la-nina" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Western Pacific</a>.</strong></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1631187263_image9.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1631187263_image9.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="400" caption="false" /></strong></a></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is <strong>a major biennial bilateral exercise, first held in India in 2015.</strong></li>
<li>The <strong>2021 exercise is being held in Australia.</strong></li>
<li>It aims to consolidate shared commitment to regional and global security challenges <strong>promoting peace, security and stability in the Indo-Pacific region.</strong></li>
<li>It is <strong>aligned to the 2020 <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/india-australia-meeting#:~:text=Australia%20supports%20India's%20candidature%20in,in%20the%20East%20Asia%20Summits." target="_blank" rel="noopener">Comprehensive Strategic Partnership</a></strong> between the two nations.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Other Exercises:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Ex AUSTRA HIND (Bilateral Exercise with Army), <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/pitch-black" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>EX PITCH BLACK</strong></a> (Australia&rsquo;s multilateral air combat training exercise)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Other Developments:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/launch-of-supply-chain-resilience-initiative" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Supply Chain Resilience Initiative</strong></a> (launched by India, Japan and Australia)</li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/india-australia-virtual-summit" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Mutual Logistic Support Arrangement (MLSA)</strong></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/days-after-malabar-navy-participates-in-bilateral-exercise-with-australian-navy-7492933/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: IE</strong></a></p>',
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