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Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children

Why in News Recently, doctors in the United States have reported neurological symptoms in children with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in...

17 Apr 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
India Restores E-Visa for 156 Countries

Why in News The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has restored electronic visa (e-visa) facility for foreigners from 156 countries, who intend to visit...

16 Apr 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
e-SANTA

Why in News Recently the Union Commerce and Industry Minister has inaugurated an electronic platform named e-SANTA, which will connect aqua farmers...

14 Apr 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
India Energy Dashboards Version 2.0

Why in News Recently, the government think tank NITI Aayog has launched India Energy Dashboards (IED) Version 2.0. NITI Aayog launched the...

14 Apr 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Exercise Shantir Ogroshena

Why in News Multinational military exercise Shantir Ogroshena, which went for 10 days in Bangladesh, concluded on 12th April 2021. The year 2021...

13 Apr 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Navegaon-Nagzira Tiger Reserve: Maharashtra

Why in News Three labourers were killed and two others injured during an operation to douse a forest fire at Navegaon-Nagzira Tiger Reserve (NNTR)...

12 Apr 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Chenab Bridge

Why in News Recently, Indian Railways completed the arch closure of the iconic Chenab Bridge in Jammu & Kashmir. Key Points About Chenab...

07 Apr 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Poet Sarala Das

Why in News The Vice President addressed Odia Adikabi Sarala Das's 600th birth anniversary function in Cuttack. Sarala Das was one of the great...

05 Apr 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Godavari River

Why in News The Godavari water is to be released into the irrigation canals in East and West Godavari districts from the Polavaram irrigation...

05 Apr 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
World Cities Culture Forum

Why in News The Chief Minister of Delhi will represent Delhi and India at the World Cities Culture Forum (WCCF). The date for this year’s...

03 Apr 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Exercise VAJRA PRAHAR

Why in News Recently, Special Forces of India and the USA conducted the joint military exercise ‘VAJRA PRAHAR 2021’ in Himachal...

31 Mar 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Cape of Good Hope

Why in News Due to the recent blockage of the Suez Canal, the option of re-routing ships via the Cape of Good Hope was explored. Key...

30 Mar 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Earth Hour

Why in News The Earth Hour is being observed on 27th March 2021. Key Points About: Earth Hour is the World Wildlife Fund for Nature...

27 Mar 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
N.V. Ramana: 48th Chief Justice of India

Why in News N.V. Ramana, the senior most judge of the Supreme Court, has been recommended as the next top judge by the present Chief Justice of...

26 Mar 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Suez Canal

Why in News A large cargo ship named 'Ever Given' got stuck near the southern end of the Suez Canal due to a mishap caused by bad weather. This...

25 Mar 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Shigmotsav: Goa

Why in News The Goa government has limited the Shigmotsav (Shigmo festivities) parades to three locations only (Panaji, Ponda and Mapusa), owing to...

25 Mar 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Sundarbans

Why in News Promises related to development of Sundarbans are being made by different political parties, ahead of West Bengal assembly...

25 Mar 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Haridwar Kumbh Mela

Why in News The Centre has written to the Uttarakhand government about the need for stringent measures to control the spread of Covid-19 during the...

22 Mar 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
Ranthambore Tiger Sanctuary: Rajasthan

Why in News Six tigers are missing in Ranthambore Tiger Sanctuary (Rajasthan). Key Points About: Ranthambore Tiger Reserve lies in the eastern part...

20 Mar 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims
US India Artificial Intelligence Initiative

Why in News Recently, US India Artificial Intelligence (USIAI) initiative has been launched to scale up the science and technology relationship...

20 Mar 2021 Quick Facts For Prelims

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		'article_id' => (int) 8170,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, doctors in the United States have reported <strong>neurological symptoms in children with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C).</strong></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C):</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>MIS-C is a rare but severe <strong>hyperinflammatory condition in children and adolescents</strong> that typically <strong>occurs 2-6 weeks after a <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/coronavirus-disease-named-covid-19" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Covid-19</a> infection.</strong></li>
<li>It is<strong> a potentially deadly condition</strong> where<strong> different body parts can become inflamed,</strong> including the heart, lungs, kidneys, brain, skin, eyes, or gastrointestinal organs.</li>
<li>Children with MIS-C <strong>may have a fever and various symptoms,</strong> including abdominal (gut) pain, vomiting, diarrhea, neck pain, rash, bloodshot eyes, or feeling extra tired.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>MIS-C with Neurological Complications:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>In a recent study, <strong>young people with the MIS-C syndrome have shown neurological issues</strong> which were life-threatening such as strokes or severe encephalopathy (any brain disease that alters brain function or structure).</li>
<li>Neurological symptoms include hallucinations, confusion, speech impairments, and problems with balance and coordination.</li>
<li>The new findings <strong>strengthen the theory</strong> that the syndrome is related to a surge of inflammation triggered by an immune response to the virus.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Causes of MIS-C:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>As the Syndrome is less researched, there are varied theories as to what causes MIS-C.</li>
<li>While some researchers believe that MIS-C is <strong>a delayed response to the coronavirus</strong> which in turn causes massive inflammation in the body and as a result damages organs.</li>
<li>Some believe that it <strong>can also be a result of the children&rsquo;s immune response making antibodies against the virus.</strong></li>
<li>There <strong>may be a genetic component as not every child develops MIS-C</strong> and the presenting symptoms are so varied.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Treatment:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It <strong>involves symptonic relief such as supportive care</strong> or use of various medicines to treat inflammation.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/world/some-children-covid-syndrome-develop-neurological-symptoms-7273013/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: IE</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 8164,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'India Restores E-Visa for 156 Countries',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The <strong>Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA)</strong> has restored <strong>electronic visa (e-visa)</strong> facility for <strong>foreigners</strong> from <strong>156 countries</strong>, who intend to visit India for the purposes of <strong>business</strong>, <strong>conferences, and for medical reasons</strong>, including in the case of medical attendants.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>E-visa for tourists is yet to be restored.</strong></li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>E-Visa:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Launch:</strong> The e-visa system is an <strong>innovation introduced by the government in 2014.</strong> The facility was expanded in 2017-2018.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The process has its <strong>roots in the 2010 Tourist Visa on Arrival (TVOA) scheme</strong> for Japan, Singapore, Finland, Luxembourg and New Zealand.</li>
<li>The government <strong>merged the TVOA with Electronic Travel Authorisation</strong>, thereby creating the e-visa.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Five Categories:</strong> An e-visa also called <strong>Electronic Visa</strong> is provided in five categories&mdash;<strong>tourist, business, conference, medical, and medical attendant.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Process:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Under the arrangement, a foreigner can apply online four days prior to travel.</li>
<li>After the details are verified, an <strong>electronic travel authorisation (ETA)</strong> is generated, which has to be presented at the immigration check post on arrival.</li>
<li>Entry through e-visas is <strong>allowed only at 28 designated international airports and 5 major seaports in India.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Nodal Ministry:</strong> The <strong>Ministry of Home Affairs</strong> is the nodal ministry that issues visas to foreigners.</li>
<li>The facility is <strong>not available for the citizens of Pakistan</strong> and they are expected to apply for regular visas from the Indian High Commission in Islamabad.</li>
<li>E-visas are <strong>not valid for foreign diplomats</strong> which are dealt separately.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Current Status:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Though the <strong>facility is available to 171 countries</strong>, after restrictions were announced in 2020, it has been <strong>restored only for 156 countries.</strong></li>
<li>China, the UK, Canada, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia and Saudi Arabia are <strong>excluded</strong> from the current restoration.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-restores-e-visa-for-156-countries/article34328649.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source TH</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 8145,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'e-SANTA',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently the Union Commerce and Industry Minister has inaugurated an <strong>electronic platform</strong> named <strong>e-SANTA</strong>, which will connect <strong>aqua farmers and the buyers.</strong></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The term <strong>e-SANTA</strong> was coined for the web portal, meaning <strong>Electronic Solution for Augmenting NaCSA farmers' Trade in Aquaculture.</strong></li>
<li>e-SANTA is a <strong>digital bridge</strong> to end the market divide and will act as an alternative marketing tool between farmers &amp; buyers by eliminating middlemen.</li>
<li>The farmers can <strong>freely list their produce and quote their price</strong> while the exporters have the freedom to list their requirements and also to choose the products based on their requirements such as desired size, location, harvest dates etc.</li>
<li>The Platform is available in <strong>many languages</strong>, which will help the local population.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Significance:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>e-SANTA will <strong>RAISE</strong> income, lifestyle, self-reliance, quality levels, traceability, and provide new options for aqua farmers by: <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Reducing Risk</li>
<li>Awareness of Products &amp; Markets</li>
<li>Increase in Income</li>
<li>Shielding Against Wrong Practice</li>
<li>Ease of Processes</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>It will enable the farmers and buyers to have greater control over the trade and enables them to make informed decisions.</li>
<li>It will provide a cashless, contactless and paperless electronic trade platform between farmers and exporters.</li>
<li>e-SANTA can become a tool to advertise collectively the kind of products the buyers, fishermen &amp; fish producing organisations are harvesting.</li>
<li>It will help people in India &amp; internationally to know about the products availability and has the potential of becoming an auction platform in future.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>National Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>National Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture (NaCSA) is an extension arm of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/5th-aqua-aquaria-india-2019" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA)</strong></a>, Ministry of Commerce &amp; Industry Govt. of India.</li>
<li>The objectives of NaCSA are to <strong>encourage and uplift the small and marginal farmers</strong> through organization of clusters and maintaining Best Management Practices in shrimp culture.</li>
<li>The primary advantage of cluster approach to shrimp farming is that it contributes to substantial reduction in cost of production.</li>
<li>It also enables participating farmers to organize:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The schedule of farm operations,</li>
<li>Quality seed procurement,</li>
<li>Simultaneous stocking,</li>
<li>Water exchange</li>
<li>Harvesting regimes</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1711426" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB </strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 8140,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'India Energy Dashboards Version 2.0',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the government think tank <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-national-institutions/niti-aayog-national-institution-for-transforming-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>NITI Aayog</strong></a> has launched <strong>India Energy Dashboards (IED) Version 2.0.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>NITI Aayog <strong>launched the Version 1.0 in May 2017.</strong></li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>India Energy Dashboards (IED) is an endeavour <strong>to provide single-window access to the energy data for the country.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It is <strong>an initial step towards building a comprehensive, open, and freely accessible energy data portal for India.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Energy data published/provided by<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/prakash-portal" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Central Electricity Authority</strong></a>, <strong>Coal Controller&rsquo;s Organisation, </strong>and<strong> Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas</strong> is compiled in the Dashboards.</li>
<li>The IED Provides<strong> time series data from FY 2005-06 until FY 2019-20.</strong></li>
<li>IED<strong> provides data at sub-yearly frequencies</strong> as well. This includes<strong> monthly data and API (Application Programming Interface) linked data</strong> from some portals maintained by the government agencies.</li>
<li>API linked data from<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/saubhagya-scheme" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Saubhagya</strong></a>, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/6-yearsof-ujala-and-slnp" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>UJALA</strong></a>, <strong>PRAAPTI, and Vidyut PRAVAH</strong> has been incorporated in the dashboards.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Saubhagya Scheme</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana &ndash;</strong> &lsquo;Saubhagya&rsquo; was launched in September, 2017 with a target to electrify all households by December 2018.</li>
<li>All the states had declared on Saubhagya portal that all the willing un-electrified households had been electrified as on 31<sup>st</sup> March 2019, except 18,734 households in <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/left-wing-extremism-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>LWE (left wing extremist)</strong> </a>affected areas of Chhattisgarh.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>UJALA Scheme</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>UJALA (Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for All)</strong> is a <strong>zero-subsidy scheme</strong> launched by the Government in 2015.</li>
<li>It is touted as the <strong>world&rsquo;s largest domestic lighting project.</strong></li>
<li>Every domestic household having a metered connection from their respective Electricity Distribution Company is eligible to get the LED bulbs under the Scheme.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>PRAAPTI</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It is a web portal<strong> launched in 2018 by the Ministry of Power.</strong></li>
<li>&lsquo;PRAAPTI&rsquo; stands for Payment Ratification and Analysis in Power Procurement <strong>for bringing transparency in invoicing of generators.</strong></li>
<li>The power distribution companies are able to clear the invoices and reply to claims raised by the generators on this portal.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Vidyut PRAVAH</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Mobile/Web App <strong>provides real-time information of current demand met, shortages if any, surplus power available</strong> and the prices in Power Exchange.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1711204" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 8132,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Exercise Shantir Ogroshena',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p><strong>Multinational military exercise Shantir Ogroshena,</strong> which went for 10 days <strong>in Bangladesh,</strong> concluded on 12<sup>th</sup> April 2021.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The <strong>year 2021 marks the 50<sup>th</sup> anniversary of diplomatic relations between <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/50-years-of-india-bangladesh-relations#:~:text=Commemorating%2050%20years%20of%20the,the%20establishment%20of%20their%20ties." target="_blank" rel="noopener">India and Bangladesh.</a></strong></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1618306922_image8.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1618306922_image8.jpg" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="400" caption="false" /></a></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About the Exercise:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The exercise was organised <strong>to commemorate the birth centenary of Bangabandhu <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/sheikh-mujibur-rehman" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sheikh Mujibur Rahman</a>,</strong> Bangladesh&rsquo;s Father of the Nation and celebrate the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/vijay-diwas-50-years-of-indo-pak-war-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>golden jubilee of the liberation of Bangladesh.</strong></a></li>
<li>It was held at <strong>Bangabandhu Senanibas (BBS), Bangladesh.</strong></li>
<li><strong>&lsquo;Shantir Ogroshena&rsquo;</strong> 2021 means <strong>&ldquo;Front Runner of the Peace&rdquo;.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Theme:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The theme of this exercise was to <strong>strengthen defence ties</strong> and <strong>enhance interoperability amongst neighbourhood countries</strong> to ensure effective <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/indian-peacekeepers-in-south-sudan" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>peacekeeping</strong></a> operations.</li>
<li>It was a <strong><a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/united-nations-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">UN (United Nations)</a>- mandated counterterrorism exercise.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Countries that Participated:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Troops from<strong> India, Bangladesh, Bhutan and Sri Lanka</strong> participated in the exercise with<strong> observers from the USA, UK, Russia, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Singapore.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Other Exercises involving Bangladesh:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/sampriti-ix" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>SAMPRITI</strong></a> (Army).</li>
<li>TABLE TOP (Air).</li>
<li>IN-BN CORPAT (Navy).</li>
<li>SAMVEDNA (Multinational Air Exercise with Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka and UAE).</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1711202" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 5 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 8122,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Navegaon-Nagzira Tiger Reserve: Maharashtra',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Three labourers were killed and two others injured during an operation to douse a <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/climate-change-and-forest-fire-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>forest fire</strong></a> at <strong>Navegaon-Nagzira Tiger Reserve (NNTR)</strong> in Maharashtra.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Location:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is situated in <strong>Gondia and Bhandara districts</strong> of Maharashtra.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Gondia District shares common boundaries with the <strong>state of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh</strong> in the<strong> north and eastern</strong> side respectively.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Strategically, the Tiger Reserve is <strong>located in the heart of central Indian Tiger landscape</strong> which contributes almost one sixth of the total tiger population of the country.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Formation:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It was notified as the <strong>46<sup>th</sup><a href="/loksabha-rajyasabha-discussions/the-big-picture-importance-of-tiger-conservation" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Tiger Reserve</a> of India</strong> in <strong>December 2013</strong>.</li>
<li>NNTR comprised of the notified area of <strong>Nawegaon National Park, Nawegaon Wildlife Sanctuary, Nagzira Wildlife Sanctuary, New Nagzira Wildlife Sanctuary and Koka Wildlife Sanctuary</strong>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li style="list-style-type: none;"></li>
<li><strong>Connectivity:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>NNTR has connectivity with the major tiger reserves in Central India like,<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/kanha-tiger-reserve" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Kanha</strong></a> and <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/pench-tiger-reserve-maharashtra" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Pench</a> tiger reserve</strong> in Madhya Pradesh,</li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/tadoba-andhari-tiger-reserve-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Tadoba-Andhari Tiger reserve</strong></a> in Maharashtra,</li>
<li><strong>Indravati Tiger Reserve</strong> in Chhattisgarh,</li>
<li>Indirectly with the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/kawal-tiger-reserve" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Kawal</strong></a> and<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/nagarjunasagar-srisailam-tiger-reserve" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Nagarjuna Sagar</strong></a> in <strong>Telangana</strong> and <strong>Andhra Pradesh</strong> and, <strong>Achanakmar Tiger reserve</strong> in <strong>Chhattisgarh</strong>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>It is also connected to important tiger bearing areas like <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/umed-paoni-karhandla-wildlife-sanctuary" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Umred-Karhandla sanctuary</strong></a> and Brahampuri Division (Maharashtra).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Flora:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The major forest type is "Southern Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest".<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Few thorny plants are also found.</li>
<li><strong>Bamboo</strong> occurs in abundance.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Fauna:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Large Carnivores such as <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/rise-in-leopard-population" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>leopards</strong></a> and smaller carnivores like wild dogs, wolf jackals, jungle cats and also the good population of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/nandankanan-zoological-park-odisha" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>sloth bears</strong></a> are seen.</li>
<li>The important herbivore includes <strong>Cheetal, Sambar, Nilgai, Chousingha, Barking deer, Wild pig and <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/indian-bison-gaur" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Indian gaur</a>.</strong> Mouse deer has also been recorded from the area.</li>
<li>More than 300 species of birds have been reported from the area.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Other Protected Areas in Maharashtra:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Sahyadri Tiger Reserve.</li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/melghat-tiger-reserve" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Melghat Tiger reserve</strong></a>.</li>
<li>Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary.</li>
<li>Karnala Bird Sanctuary.</li>
<li>Sanjay Gandhi National Park.</li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/pench-tiger-reserve-maharashtra" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Pench National Park</strong></a>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1618216503_image1.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1618216503_image1.jpg" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></a></p>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/navegaon-nagzira-tiger-reserve-forest-fire-7265504/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: IE</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 6 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 8095,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Chenab Bridge',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, <strong>Indian Railways</strong> completed the<strong> arch closure of the iconic Chenab Bridge in Jammu &amp; Kashmir.</strong></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About Chenab Bridge:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is the <strong>world's highest railway bridge</strong> and is part of the<strong> Udhampur-Srinagar-Baramulla rail link project (USBRL).</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The Project was <strong>declared as a Project of National Importance in March 2002.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>This bridge is <strong>1,315-metre long</strong> and is the highest railway bridge in the world being <strong>359 metres above the river bed level.</strong></li>
<li>The completion of the steel arch is a major leap towards the completion of the <strong>111 km long winding stretch from Katra to Banihal.</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It is arguably the <strong>biggest civil-engineering challenge</strong> faced by any railway project in India in recent history.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1617781847_image2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1617781847_image2.jpg" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" caption="false" width="512" height="288" /></a></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Unique Features of this Bridge:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Bridge designed to <strong>withstand high wind speed up to 266 Km/Hour.</strong></li>
<li>Bridge designed for<strong> blast load in consultation with <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-national-institutions/defence-research-and-development-organisation-drdo" target="_blank" rel="noopener">DRDO</a></strong> for the first time in India.</li>
<li>Bridge designed to <strong>bear earthquake forces of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/seismometers-defunct-in-earthquake-prone-zones" target="_blank" rel="noopener">highest intensity zone-V</a></strong> in India.</li>
<li>First time on Indian Railways, <strong>Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing machine</strong> used for testing of welds.</li>
<li>First time on Indian Railways, <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/star-rating-program" target="_blank" rel="noopener">National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL)</a> accredited lab established at site for weld testing.</strong></li>
<li>Extensive <strong>health monitoring and warning systems planned</strong> through state of art instrumentation.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Chenab River</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Source:</strong> It rises in the upper Himalayas in the<strong> Lahaul and Spiti district of Himachal Pradesh</strong> state.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The river is <strong>formed by the confluence of two rivers, Chandra and Bhaga,</strong> at Tandi, 8 km southwest of Keylong, in the Lahaul and Spiti district.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The <strong>Bhaga river originates from Surya taal lake,</strong> which is situated a few kilometers west of the Bara-lacha la pass in Himachal Pradesh.</li>
<li>The <strong>Chandra river originates from glaciers east of the same pass</strong> (near Chandra Taal).</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Flows Through:</strong> It flows through the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir into the plains of Punjab, Pakistan, before flowing into the Indus River.</li>
<li>Some of the<strong> important projects/dams on Chenab:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/ratle-hydro-electric-project" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Ratle Hydro Electric Project</strong></a></li>
<li><strong>Salal Dam- hydroelectric power project</strong> near Reasi</li>
<li><strong>Dul Hasti Hydroelectric Plant-</strong> power project in Kishtwar District</li>
<li><strong>Pakal Dul Dam (under construction)</strong>- on a tributary <strong>Marusadar River</strong> in Kishtwar District.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1617782071_image1.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1617782071_image1.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="550" caption="false" /></a></p>
</div>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1709652" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:PIB</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 7 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 8080,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Poet Sarala Das',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The Vice President addressed <strong>Odia Adikabi Sarala Das</strong>'s 600<sup>th</sup> birth anniversary function in Cuttack.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Sarala Das was one of the great scholars of <strong>Odia literature.</strong></li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>He was the<strong> first scholar who wrote his works in Odia in 15<sup>th</sup> century A.D.</strong></li>
<li>Best known for three Odia books, <strong>Mahabharata, Vilanka Ramayana and Chandi Purana.</strong></li>
<li>He also wrote the book<strong> Laxmi Narayana Vachanika.</strong></li>
<li>He started writing his Mahabharata in the <strong>reign of Kapileswar, otherwise known as Kapilendra, the famous Gajapati king of Odisha (AD 1435&ndash;67).</strong></li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Odia Language</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Oldest of the eastern group of the <strong>Indo-Aryan family,</strong> Odia is derived from <strong>Ardhamagadhi Prakrit.</strong></li>
<li>Odia is one of the six languages that got <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/classical-languages" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Classical Status in India.</strong></a></li>
<li>A language officially <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/jammu-and-kashmir-official-languages-bill-2020#:~:text=Assamese%2C%20Bengali%2C%20Gujarati%2C%20Hindi,initially%20included%20in%20the%20Constitution." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>&ldquo;scheduled,&rdquo;</strong></a> in the <strong>Indian constitution.</strong></li>
<li>It is also the <strong>main official language of the Indian state of Odisha.</strong></li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1709219" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 8 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 8075,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Godavari River',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The Godavari water is to be released into the irrigation canals in East and West Godavari districts from the <strong>Polavaram irrigation</strong> project site up to 15<sup>th</sup> April 2021 against the previous deadline of 31<sup>st</sup> March 2021.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Work on the <strong>cofferdam</strong> is scheduled to commence in April.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Godavari River:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The Godavari is the <strong>largest Peninsular river system.</strong> It is also called the <strong>Dakshin Ganga.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Source:</strong> Godavari river rises from <strong>Trimbakeshwar near Nasik</strong> in Maharashtra and flows for a length of about 1465 km before <strong>outfalling into the Bay of Bengal.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Drainage Basin:</strong> The Godavari basin extends over states of Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Odisha in addition to smaller parts in Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka and Union territory of Puducherry.</li>
<li><strong>Tributaries:</strong> Pravara, Purna, Manjra, Penganga, Wardha, Wainganga, Pranhita (combined flow of Wainganga, Penganga, Wardha), Indravati, Maner and the Sabri.</li>
<li><strong>Cultural Significance: <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/haridwar-kumbh-mela" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Kumbh Mela</a></strong> also takes place on the <strong>banks of the Godavari river in Nashik.</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Other locations for Kumbh are the <strong>Shipra river in Ujjain,</strong> the <strong>Ganges in Haridwar,</strong> and the <strong>confluence of the Ganges, Yamuna, and the mythical Saraswati river in Prayag. </strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Godavari River Dispute: <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/water-dispute-between-telangana-and-andhra-pradesh" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Godavari river water sharing</a></strong> is bone of contention among Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, and Karnataka.</li>
<li><strong>Important Projects on Godavari:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Polavaram Irrigation Project.</li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/kaleshwaram-lift-irrigation-project" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Kaleshwaram.</strong></a></li>
<li><strong>Sadarmatt Anicut</strong> across river Godavari is one among the two irrigation projects in the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID) Register of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/heritage-tag-for-two-telangana-irrigation-projects" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Heritage Irrigation Structures.</strong></a></li>
<li><strong>Inchampalli:</strong> The Inchampalli project is proposed on the Godavari River about 12 km downstream of the <strong>confluence of Indravati with the Godavari River in Andhra Pradesh.</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It is a joint project among the States of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Sriram Sagar Project (SRSP):</strong> The Sriram Sagar Project is a multipurpose project, located across the Godavari River near Pochampad of Nizamabad District in Telangana.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1617610456_image3.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1617610456_image3.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="600" caption="false" /></a></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Polavaram Irrigation Project:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Polavaram Project is located <strong>in Andhra Pradesh on the river Godavari,</strong> near Polavaram village.</li>
<li>It is a<strong> multi-purpose irrigation project</strong> as the project once completed will provide Irrigation benefits and will generate <strong>HydroElectric Power.</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>In addition, this project will also supply drinking water.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>It will facilitate an<strong> inter-basin transfer to the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/refer-krishna-dispute-to-tribunal" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Krishna river</a> basin</strong> through its Right canal.</li>
<li>It will also provide indirect benefits such as development of <a href="/loksabha-rajyasabha-discussions/in-depth-blue-revolution" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Pisciculture</strong></a> (breeding and rearing of fish), tourism and urbanisation.</li>
<li>The Project has been <strong>accorded national project status by the union government in 2014</strong> (under Section-90 of<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/formation-day#:~:text=The%20Andhra%20Pradesh%20Reorganisation%20Act,was%20bifurcated%20to%20create%20Haryana." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act, 2014</strong></a>).</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Cofferdam</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>A cofferdam is defined as a <strong>temporary barrier</strong> in or around a body of water which allows the process of <strong>de-watering, diversion, or damming of water within an enclosed area.</strong></li>
<li>The major purpose of any cofferdam type is to hold back overwhelming or inconvenient waters and create a dry work environment.</li>
<li>This allows a project to proceed with as little resistance and as much safety as possible.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1617610479_image1.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1617610479_image1.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" caption="false" width="350" height="233" /></a></p>
</div>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/godavari-water-to-be-released-up-to-april-15/article34201278.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:TH</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 9 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 8071,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'World Cities Culture Forum',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The <strong>Chief Minister of Delhi will represent Delhi and India at the World Cities Culture Forum (WCCF).</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The <strong>date for this year&rsquo;s annual summit is yet to be announced</strong> on the forum&rsquo;s website.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Establishment:</strong> WCCF was<strong> established in London in 2012</strong> with eight cities.</li>
<li><strong>Member Cities:</strong> It has <strong>43 participating member cities.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Participating member cities include London, Hong Kong, Amsterdam, Edinburgh, Lisbon, San Francisco, Shanghai, etc.</li>
<li><strong>Delhi</strong> is invited this year but <strong>it is not a part of member cities.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Role:</strong> It enables the policy makers of member cities to<strong> share research and intelligence,</strong> and<strong> explores the vital role of culture</strong> in their future prosperity.</li>
<li><strong>Managed By:</strong> The activities of the World Cities Culture Forum are <strong>organised and delivered by BOP Consulting,</strong> a specialist consulting firm, on behalf of the <strong>Greater London Authority,</strong> London&rsquo;s Municipal Government.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>BOP</strong> conducts comparative research to measure the impact and importance of culture and creativity, and shares it with the Forum so members can make evidence-based policy decisions.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>World Cities Culture Summit:</strong> Forum members collaborate via a programme of events including themed symposia, regional summits and workshops. These events feed into the annual <strong>World Cities Culture Summit.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Hosted on a rotating basis by member cities,<strong> this unique gathering</strong> allows city leaders to share ideas and knowledge about the role of culture as an organising principle for the sustainable city of the future.</li>
<li>It is <strong>attended by Deputy Mayors for Culture and Heads of Culture</strong> from the member cities.</li>
<li><strong>2021 Theme:</strong> The Future of Culture.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>World Cities Culture Report:</strong> Delhi will also be part of the<strong> World Cities Culture Report -</strong> the most comprehensive <strong>global dataset on culture in cities.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is <strong>published by the forum every three years,</strong> with data and details on innovative projects from cities across the world. The last report was published in <strong>2018.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/cm-will-represent-delhi-at-world-cities-cultural-forum/article34227487.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 10 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 8044,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Exercise VAJRA PRAHAR',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, <strong>Special Forces of India and the USA</strong> conducted the joint military exercise <strong>&lsquo;VAJRA PRAHAR</strong> 2021&rsquo; in Himachal Pradesh.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Earlier, India and the USA navy had carried out a two-day <strong>Passage Exercise (<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/passex-with-the-usa" target="_blank" rel="noopener">PASSEX</a>)</strong> in the eastern Indian Ocean Region.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About the Exercise:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The joint exercise by the Special Forces of both the countries is<strong> conducted alternatively between India and the United States.</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Special Forces are the units of a country's armed forces that undertake covert, counterterrorist, and other specialized operations.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>This is the <strong>11<sup>th</sup> edition</strong> of the exercise conducted at Special Forces Training School located at Bakloh, <strong>Himachal Pradesh.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The<strong> 10<sup>th</sup> edition</strong> of VAJRA PRAHAR was <strong>held in 2019 at Seattle, USA.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Aim:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>To share the best practices and experiences in areas such as joint mission planning and operational tactics as also to improve interoperability between the Special Forces of both nations.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Other Exercises of India with the USA:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Exercise Yudh Abhyas (Army).</li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/tiger-triumph" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Cope India</strong></a> (Air Force).</li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/us-cancels-red-flag" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Red Flag</strong> </a>(USA&rsquo;s multilateral air exercise).</li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/exercise-malabar" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Malabar Exercise</strong></a> (trilateral naval exercise of India, USA and Japan).</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1708581#:~:text=Indian%20and%20US%20Special%20Forces%20Conclude%20Joint%20Training%20Exercise&amp;text=The%2011th%20edition%20of,Bakloh%2C%20HP%20in%20March%202021." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 11 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 8033,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Cape of Good Hope',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Due to the recent blockage of the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/suez-canal" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Suez Canal</strong></a>, the option of<strong> re-routing ships via the Cape of Good Hope</strong> was explored.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The Cape of Good Hope is <strong>a rocky headland on the Atlantic coast of the Cape Peninsula in South Africa.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>A headland is a narrow piece of land which sticks out from the coast into the sea.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The <strong>Cape of Good Hope route joins Eastern Asia and Europe to southern parts of Africa.</strong></li>
<li>The <strong>opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 provided a much shorter route</strong> from the Mediterranean Sea to the Indian Ocean, making the long trip around Africa inefficient.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The <strong>Cape of Good Hope route is 8900 km longer than the Suez canal route and can take additional two weeks.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>A common misconception is that the Cape of Good Hope is the southern tip of Africa. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Contemporary geographic knowledge instead states the <strong>southernmost point of Africa is Cape Agulhas about 150 km to the east-southeast.</strong></li>
<li>The <strong>warm-water Agulhas current (Indian Ocean) meets the cold-water Benguela current (Atlantic ocean)</strong> between Cape Agulhas and Cape Point (about 1.2 km east of the Cape of Good Hope).</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>History:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The Cape was<strong> originally named the Cape of Storms in 1488</strong> by the Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias.</li>
<li>It was <strong>later renamed to Cape Good Hope to attract more people to the Cape Sea Route</strong> that passed the southern coast of Africa.</li>
<li>The Cape eventually <strong>became a significant port and waypoint</strong> for sailors traveling from Europe to Asia.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1617088277_image3.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1617088277_image3.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="700" caption="false" /></a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/suez-canal-blocked-india-eyes-cape-of-good-hope/article34172951.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 12 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 8027,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Earth Hour',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/earth-hour" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Earth Hour</strong></a> is being observed on<strong> 27<sup>th</sup> March 2021.</strong></p>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1616836533_image1.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1616836533_image1.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" caption="false" width="350" height="219" /></strong></a></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Earth Hour is the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/living-planet-report-wwf" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF)&rsquo;s</strong> </a>annual initiative that began in 2007.</li>
<li>It is<strong> held every year on the last Saturday of March.</strong></li>
<li>It<strong> encourages people</strong> from more than 180 countries to <strong>switch off the lights from 8.30 pm to 9.30 pm as per their local time.</strong></li>
<li>The idea is to refrain from the use of non-essential lighting to save energy in a <strong>symbolic call for environmental protection.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Impact:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Earth Hour has become a<strong> catalyst for positive environmental impact,</strong> driving major legislative changes by harnessing the power of the people and collective action.</li>
<li><strong>Examples:</strong> It helped <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Create a<strong> 3.5 million hectare marine-protected area in Argentina.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Ban all plastics in the Galapagos in 2014.</strong></li>
<li>Plant <strong>17 million trees in Kazakhstan.</strong></li>
<li>Light up homes with <strong>solar power in India and the Philippines.</strong></li>
<li>Push new legislation for the <strong>protection of seas and forests in Russia.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>World Wildlife Fund for Nature</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is the <strong>world&rsquo;s leading conservation organization</strong> and works in more than 100 countries.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Established:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It was <strong>established in 1961</strong> and is <strong>headquartered at Gland, Switzerland</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Mission:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>To conserve nature and reduce the most pressing threats to the diversity of life on Earth.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Other Initiatives of WWF:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/awards-for-tiger-conservation?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=d6b52011b8e898ebbdb4fa95850598f693c98eb1-1616832863-0-AUKkX3Cc_GogaMaU3GnU4usqYTZ5TIZWeNa5nlvFIxQvl0gZjMbLxphNM8jKEPJs4lDXchERs0IyiGUWB5Ti5i5S772OyszFvd9oNqn_HC4VuWxtUYn-sDBqOfU-ul5qQHFLqEEjKzZg-o0IQl3cqGwtPqhR9zRYDxWZpiQ1wEa4Tfs5hfmtuerV0J7UfeZ8GJjt_7TUdYek8xE__pe3Na6UITOOJSM_R0chAjF6dg1OiiPw1M0rhytWqXGJtgGpj6ivB9HCEc4SGofXLqPHzgmuDyTw41b7Ui-9HKXt0KE2G-K3CChAePnTWbcLDdQvP795gB72lEVVwsu3SfSnMvNk57_5QB5sGi3mTzXWTFokK9Grh2dBJaWZAPOErPPT-FqRv1mi1t7T3fvuf_gNniY" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>TX2 Goal</strong></a></li>
<li><a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/traffic" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>TRAFFIC</strong></a></li>
<li><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/living-planet-report-wwf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Living Planet Report</a></strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-miscellaneous/tp-others/talking-point/article34175023.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:TH</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 13 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 8016,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'N.V. Ramana: 48th Chief Justice of India',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p><strong>N.V. Ramana,</strong> the senior most judge of the Supreme Court, has been recommended as the next top judge by the present Chief Justice of India (S A Bobde).</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Justice Ramana will take over as the <strong>48<sup>th</sup> Chief Justice of India (CJI)</strong> from <strong>24<sup>th</sup> April 2021.</strong> He would be the CJI till <strong>26<sup>th</sup> August, 2022.</strong></li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Appointment of the CJI:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The Chief Justice of India and the Judges of the <strong><a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-national-institutions/supreme-court-of-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Supreme Court</a> (SC)</strong> are appointed by the President under<strong> clause (2)</strong> of <strong>Article 124</strong> of the Constitution.</li>
<li>As far as the CJI is concerned, the <strong>outgoing CJI recommends his successor.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The Union Law Minister forwards the recommendation to the Prime Minister who, in turn, advises the President.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>SC in the<strong> Second Judges Case (1993),</strong> ruled that the senior most judge of the Supreme Court should alone be appointed to the office of the CJI.</li>
<li>The<strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/collegium-system-for-the-appointment-of-judges" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Supreme Court collegium</a> is headed by the Chief Justice of India</strong> and comprises four other senior most judges of the court.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The collegium system is the<strong> system of appointment and transfer of judges</strong> that has evolved through judgments of the Supreme Court (Judges Cases), and not by an Act of Parliament or by a provision of the Constitution.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Administrative Powers of CJI (Master of Roster):</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is common to refer to the office as primus inter pares &ndash; <strong>first amongst equals.</strong></li>
<li>Besides his <strong>adjudicatory role,</strong> the CJI also plays the role of the<strong> administrative head of the Court.</strong></li>
<li>In his administrative capacity, the Chief Justice <strong>exercises the prerogative of allocating cases to particular benches.</strong></li>
<li>The Chief Justice<strong> also decides the number of judges that will hear a case.</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Thus, he can influence the result by simply choosing judges that he thinks may favour a particular outcome.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Such administrative powers <strong>can be exercised without collegial consensus,</strong> and without any stated reasons.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Recent Development:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>In 2019, the SC ruled that the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/cji-under-the-rti-act" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>office of Chief Justice of India (CJI) comes under the purview of the Right to Information (RTI) Act, 2005.</strong></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/cji-bobde-recommends-justice-ramana-as-successor/article34148064.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 14 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 8012,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Suez Canal',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>A large cargo ship named 'Ever Given' got stuck near the southern end of the Suez Canal due to a mishap caused by bad weather.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>This is causing a huge jam of vessels at either end of the vital international trade artery.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The Suez Canal is an<strong> artificial sea-level <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/use-of-waterways-for-reducing-transportation-cost" target="_blank" rel="noopener">waterway</a></strong> running north to south across the Isthmus of Suez in<strong> Egypt, </strong>to<strong> connect the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea.</strong></li>
<li>The canal <strong>separates the African continent from Asia.</strong></li>
<li>It provides the<strong> shortest maritime route</strong> between Europe and the lands lying around the Indian and western Pacific oceans.</li>
<li>It is <strong>one of the world&rsquo;s most heavily used shipping lanes,</strong> carrying over <strong>12% of world trade by volume.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It provides <strong>a crucial link for oil, natural gas and cargo</strong> being shipped from East to West.</li>
<li>As per Suez Canal Authority (SCA) data, in 2020, nearly <strong>19,000 ships,</strong> or an average of <strong>51.5 ships per day,</strong> with a net <strong>tonnage of 1.17 billion</strong> tonnes passed through the canal.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The canal is <strong>a major source of income for Egypt&rsquo;s economy,</strong> with the African country earning USD 5.61 billion in revenues from it last year.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>In<strong> 2015,</strong> Egypt announced plans to further expand the Suez Canal, aiming to reduce waiting times and double the number of ships that can use the canal daily by <strong>2023.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>History:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The Suez Canal is actually the <strong>first canal that directly links the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea.</strong> It was <strong>opened for navigation in November 1869.</strong></li>
<li>The 150-year-old canal was <strong>controlled by British and French interests in its initial years,</strong> but was <strong>nationalised in 1956 by Egypt.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Suez Crisis,</strong> international crisis in the Middle East, precipitated in July 1956, when the Egyptian president, Gamal Abdel Nasser, nationalized the Suez Canal. The canal had been owned by the Suez Canal Company, which was controlled by French and British interests.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The Canal<strong> was closed five times;</strong> the last time was the most serious one since it lasted for 8 years. The Canal was then reopened for navigation in June 1975.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1616668021_image3.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1616668021_image3.jpg" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="600" caption="false" /></a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-what-has-caused-a-traffic-jam-in-the-suez-canal-7243543/&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1616671374368000&amp;usg=AOvVaw2XJuFYFcE1tPLYEFdtoz3P" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source IE</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 15 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 8010,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Shigmotsav: Goa',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The<strong> Goa government</strong> has limited the <strong>Shigmotsav (Shigmo festivities)</strong> parades to three locations only (Panaji, Ponda and Mapusa), owing to rising cases of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/comprehensive-action-plan-for-covid-19" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Covid-19</strong></a> in the state.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Shigmo is the celebration of a &lsquo;rich, <strong>golden harvest of paddy&rsquo;</strong> by the<strong> tribal communities</strong> of Goa.</li>
<li>Agricultural communities including the<strong> Kunbis, Gawdas and Velips</strong> celebrate the festival that <strong>also marks the onset of spring. </strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Two Variants of the Festival:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Dhakto Shigmo:</strong> It is celebrated by the rural population, farmers and the labour class.</li>
<li><strong>Vhadlo Shigmo:</strong> It is of greater importance and is celebrated by everyone.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Celebrations:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Time:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Shigmo celebrations<strong> last over a fortnight</strong> in the months of <strong>Phalgun-Chaitra</strong> months of the Hindu calendar that <strong>correspond with March-April</strong> every year.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Invocation of Deities:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The festival begins with <strong>&lsquo;Naman&rsquo;</strong> that is the<strong> invocation of the local folk deities</strong> on the village<strong> &lsquo;maand&rsquo; or the village stage</strong> to the beats of <strong>percussion instruments</strong> like the Ghumat, Dhol, Mhadle and Tashe by the male folk.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It is called the<strong> &lsquo;romta mell&rsquo;</strong> that moves from one village to another.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Dances:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Folk dances like <strong>Ghode Modni</strong> (a dance of equestrian warriors), <strong>Gopha</strong> and <strong>Phugadi.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Shigmo Street Parade:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Shigmo street parade floats as the highlight. It is held as <strong>an annual affair</strong> in the state capital, Panjim and other major cities like Margao, Mapusa, Vasco, and Ponda.</li>
<li>These<strong> colour-parties</strong> usually see <strong>people dressed in vibrant clothing performing traditional folk dances</strong> to depict the<strong> historical legacy of the Maratha War that backs this festival.</strong></li>
<li>The float parades have, over the years, been a draw for tourists both domestic and international.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Other Names:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Shigmo is celebrated all over India but in different names:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>North India -</strong> Holi.</li>
<li><strong>Assam and Bengal</strong> - Dolyatra.</li>
<li><strong>South India</strong> - Kamadahan.</li>
<li><strong>Maharashtra</strong> - Shimga.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-shigmo-festivities-goa-change-covid-19-7243176/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: IE</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 8007,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Sundarbans',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Promises related to development of Sundarbans are being made by different political parties, ahead of West Bengal assembly elections.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Sundarbans region was badly damaged by <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/cyclone-amphan" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Cyclone Amphan</strong></a> in 2020.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It is <strong>a vast contiguous mangrove forest ecosystem</strong> in the coastal region of Bay of Bengal<strong> spread over India and Bangladesh</strong> on the <strong>delta (world&rsquo;s largest)</strong> of the <strong>Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It <strong>contains the world&rsquo;s largest mangrove forests.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Much of the area has long had the status of a forest reserve, but <strong>conservation efforts in India</strong> were stepped up with the <strong>creation of the Sundarbans Tiger Reserve in 1973.</strong></li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/sundarban-national-park" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Sundarbans National Park</strong></a>, <strong>established in 1984,</strong> constitutes a core region within the tiger reserve; it was <strong>designated a <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/world-heritage-committee-s-concerns" target="_blank" rel="noopener">UNESCO World Heritage site</a> in 1987.</strong></li>
<li>Sunderbans was designated as a <a href="/to-the-points/paper3/biosphere-reserves-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Biosphere Reserve</strong></a> by UNESCO in 2001.</li>
<li><strong>Sundarban Wetland,</strong> India was recognised as the <strong>&lsquo;Wetland of International Importance&rsquo;</strong> under the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/addition-to-ramsar-sites" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Ramsar Convention</strong></a> in January 2019.</li>
<li><strong>Sunderban National Park</strong> is known for its wide range of fauna, including 260 bird species and is home to many rare and globally threatened wildlife species such as the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/important-facts-for-prelims-26th-november-2018#:~:text=Saltwater%20crocodile%20sighted%20in%20AP&amp;text=Salt%2Dwater%20crocodiles%20are%20usually,Park%20(BNP)%2C%20Odisha." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Estuarine Crocodile</strong></a>, Royal Bengal Tiger, Water Monitor Lizard, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/gangetic-dolphins-found-in-mahananda-river" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Gangetic Dolphin</strong></a> and <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/olive-ridley-turtles" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Olive Ridley Turtles.</strong></a></li>
<li>The <strong>Sunderbans Delta is the only mangrove forest in the world <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/tiger-census-report" target="_blank" rel="noopener">inhabited by tigers.</a></strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>For its preservation, Discovery India and <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/important-facts-for-prelims-1st-april-2019" target="_blank" rel="noopener">World Wide Fund</a> (WWF)</strong> India partnered with the Government of West Bengal and local communities in the Sundarbans in 2019.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1616657027_image1.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1616657027_image1.jpg" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="500" caption="false" /></a></p>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Mangroves</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Mangroves are the plant communities occurring in<strong> inter-tidal zones</strong> along the coasts of tropical and subtropical countries.</li>
<li>Mangrove forests <strong>perform multiple ecological functions</strong> such as production of woody trees, provision of habitat, food and spawning grounds for fin-fish and shellfish, provision of habitat for birds and other valuable fauna; protection of coastlines and accretion of sediment to form new land.</li>
<li>Among the states and Union Territories, <strong>West Bengal has the highest percentage of area under total Mangrove cover</strong> followed by Gujarat and Andaman and Nicobar Islands.</li>
<li>The <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/india-state-of-forest-report-isfr-2019" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>India State of Forest Report</strong></a> gives the data about mangroves and their conditions in the country.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly/west-bengal-assembly-elections-tmc-swindling-amphan-relief-fund-in-bengal-amit-shah/article34141194.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 17 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7984,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Haridwar Kumbh Mela',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The Centre has written to the Uttarakhand government about the need for stringent measures to control the spread of Covid-19 during the ongoing Kumbh Mela in the state (at Haridwar).</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Kumbh Mela comes under <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/unesco-list-of-intangible-cultural-heritage-of-humanity" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>UNESCO's Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.</strong></a><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Kumbh Mela is the <strong>largest peaceful congregation of pilgrims</strong> on earth, during which participants bathe or take a dip in a sacred river.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>It takes place on the banks of the <strong>Godavari river in Nashik,</strong> the <strong>Shipra river in Ujjain,</strong> the <strong>Ganges in Haridwar,</strong> and the<strong> confluence of the Ganges, Yamuna, and the mythical Saraswati river in Prayag.</strong> The confluence is referred to as the <strong>&lsquo;Sangam&lsquo;.</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>As it is held in four different cities in India, it involves different social and cultural activities, making this <strong>a culturally diverse festival.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>While technically, it is <strong>to be held in each of the aforementioned locations once every 12 years, sometimes,</strong> the mela <strong>can happen only a year apart at the sites.</strong></li>
<li>It should also be known that in between, around the sixth year, the <strong>Ardh Kumbh Mela (also known as the half mela)</strong> is held. In addition to that, in Allahabad, every year the Maagh Mela is celebrated in the month of Maagh (mid-January to February, as per the Hindu calendar) at the Sangam. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>This Maagh Mela is also referred to as the Ardh Kumbh Mela and Kumbh Mela when it happens in the sixth and twelfth years, respectively.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Kumbh Mela in Haridwar is being held after 11 years</strong> &mdash; not the usual 12 &mdash; because of specific auspicious dates. In fact, this is the first time in 80 years that such a phenomenon has happened.</li>
<li>The event encapsulates the science of astronomy, astrology, spirituality, ritualistic traditions, and social and cultural customs and practices, making it extremely rich in knowledge.</li>
<li>The teacher-student relationship of the sadhus in the ashrams and akhadas remains the most important method of imparting and safeguarding knowledge and skills relating to Kumbh Mela.</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>UNESCO List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>This coveted list is made up of those intangible heritage elements that help demonstrate diversity of cultural heritage and raise awareness about its importance.</li>
<li>The list was established in 2008 when the Convention for Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage came into effect.</li>
<li><strong>Intangible Cultural Heritage of India, recognized by UNESCO:</strong></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1616406572_image.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1616406572_image.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="700" caption="false" /></strong></a></p>
</div>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/coronavirus-centre-warns-of-upsurge-following-kumbh-mela-at-haridwar/article34122996.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source TH</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 18 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7978,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Ranthambore Tiger Sanctuary: Rajasthan',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Six tigers are missing in Ranthambore Tiger Sanctuary (Rajasthan).</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Ranthambore Tiger Reserve</strong> lies in the <strong>eastern part of Rajasthan state in Karauli and Sawai Madhopur districts,</strong> at the <strong>junction of the Aravali and Vindhya hill ranges.</strong></li>
<li>It <strong>comprises the Ranthambore National Park</strong> as well as<strong> Sawai Mansingh and Kailadevi Sanctuaries.</strong></li>
<li>The <strong>Ranthambore fort,</strong> from which the forests derive their name, is said to have a rich history of over 1000 years. It is strategically located atop a 700 feet tall hill within the park and is believed to have been<strong> built in 944 AD by a Chauhan ruler.</strong></li>
<li>This isolated area with tigers in it<strong> represents the north-western limit of the Bengal tiger&rsquo;s distribution range</strong> and is<strong> an outstanding example of<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/national-tiger-conservation-authority" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Project Tiger</a>&rsquo;s efforts</strong> for conservation in the country. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/tiger-census-report" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>India has 2,967 tigers,</strong></a> a third more than in 2014, according to results of a census made public in July 2020.<strong> Ranthambore,</strong> according to this exercise, had<strong> 55 tigers.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Features:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The reserve consists of highly fragmented forest patches, ravines, river streams and agricultural land.</li>
<li>It is <strong>connected to <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/introduction-of-african-cheetah-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Kuno-Palpur Landscape</a> in Madhya Pradesh</strong>, through parts of Kailadevi Wildlife Sanctuary, the ravine habitats of Chambal and the forest patches of Sheopur.</li>
<li><strong>Tributaries of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/ramgarh-dam" target="_blank" rel="noopener">River Chambal</a></strong> provide easy passage for tigers to move towards the Kuno National Park.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Vegetation and Wildlife:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The <strong>vegetation</strong> includes grasslands on plateaus and dense forests along the seasonal streams.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The forest type is mainly <strong>tropical dry deciduous with &lsquo;dhak&rsquo; (Butea monosperma),</strong> a species of tree capable of withstanding long periods of drought, being the commonest.</li>
<li><strong>This tree is also called as 'Flame of forest'</strong> and is one of the many flowering plants that add colour to the dry summers here.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The park is rich in<strong> wildlife</strong> with tigers at the apex of the food chain in mammals.</li>
<li>Other animals found here are<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/rise-in-leopard-population" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> leopards</strong></a>, striped hyenas, common or hanuman langurs, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/rhesus-macaque-declared-vermin" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>rhesus macaques</strong></a>, jackals, jungle cats, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/advisory-for-management-of-human-wildlife-conflict" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>caracals</strong></a>, <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/important-facts-for-prelims-18th-february-2019" target="_blank" rel="noopener">blackbuck</a></strong>, Blacknaped hare and chinkara, etc.</li>
<li>The park is rich in birds with about 272 species recorded so far.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Other Protected Areas in Rajasthan:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/sariska-tiger-reserve" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Sariska National Park</strong></a>, Alwar</li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/important-facts-for-prelims-15th-september-2018" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Desert National Park</strong></a>, Jaisalmer</li>
<li>Keoladeo National Park, Bharatpur</li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/campaign-to-remove-lantana-rajasthan" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Sajjangarh wildlife sanctuary</strong></a>, Udaipur</li>
<li><strong>National Chambal Sanctuary</strong> (on tri-junction of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh)</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/six-tigers-missing-in-ranthambore/article34111892.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 19 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7974,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'US India Artificial Intelligence Initiative',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, <strong>US India Artificial Intelligence (USIAI)</strong> initiative has been launched to scale up the science and technology relationship between India and the United States.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>US India Artificial Intelligence (USIAI)</strong> is an initiative of <strong>Indo-US Science and Technology Forum (IUSSTF)</strong> which was established in March 2000.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The Department of Science &amp; Technology (DST), Government of India, and the U.S. Department of State are respective nodal departments for<strong> IUSSTF.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The USIAI will focus on <strong>AI cooperation</strong> in critical areas that are priorities for both countries.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Example:</strong> Healthcare, smart cities, materials, agriculture, energy, and manufacturing.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>It will bring together key stakeholders from India and the United States to create synergies that address challenges and opportunities at the interface of science, technology, and society.</li>
<li>This will provide an <strong>opportunity to</strong> discuss the <strong>emerging AI landscape,</strong> and address the <strong>challenges of developing an AI workforce.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Related Recent Initiative:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>India has launched <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/india-in-the-ai-race" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>National AI Strategy</strong></a> <strong>(NITI Aayog)</strong> and<strong> National AI Portal (Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology)</strong> and has also started leveraging AI across various sectors such as education, agriculture, healthcare, e-commerce, finance, telecommunications, etc.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Recently <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/mygov-corona-helpdesk-chatbot" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>MyGov Corona Helpdesk Chatbot</strong> </a>bagged two awards under categories (1) &ldquo;Best Innovation for Covid-19 &ndash; Society&rdquo; and (2) &ldquo;People&rsquo;s Choice Covid-19 Overall Winner&rdquo; at the recently held CogX 2020. CogX is a prestigious Global Leadership Summit and Festival of Artificial Intelligence &amp; Emerging Technology held annually in London.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Recently, India joined the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/global-partnership-on-artificial-intelligence" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>'Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence (GPAI)'</strong></a> as a founding member to support the responsible and human-centric development and use of AI.</li>
<li>As per a recent report, India <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/rise-in-ai-adoption-in-india-amidst-pandemic" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>reported a 45% increase in the use of Artificial Intelligence</strong></a>, the highest among all countries, because of shift in buying behaviour and new business challenges (owing to Covid-19 pandemic).</li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/mega-virtual-summit-on-artificial-intelligence" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>RAISE 2020 &ndash; &lsquo;Responsible AI for Social Empowerment 2020&rsquo;</strong></a> was jointly organised by the <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-national-institutions/niti-aayog-national-institution-for-transforming-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>NITI Aayog</strong></a> and the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology <strong>(MeitY).</strong></li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/vaibhav-summit" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Vaishwik Bhartiya Vaigyanik (VAIBHAV) Summit</strong> </a>was organised in 2020 to discuss key areas like quantum technologies, artificial intelligence among others.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Artificial Intelligence</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It describes the <strong>action of machines accomplishing</strong> tasks that have historically <strong>required human intelligence.</strong></li>
<li>It includes technologies like <strong>machine learning, pattern recognition, big data, neural networks, self algorithms etc.</strong></li>
<li>AI is different from hardware driven robotic automation. Instead of automating manual tasks, AI performs frequent high volume computerised tasks reliably.</li>
<li>AI is often misunderstood for machine learning. AI is a<strong> broader concept</strong> with a bunch of technologies that include machine learning and other technologies like natural language processing, inference algorithms, neutron networks etc.</li>
<li>AI techniques now have become an essential part of the technology industry helping to solve many challenging problems in computer-science. From <strong>Apple Siri to self driving cars,</strong> AI is progressing rapidly.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1705823" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source -PIB</strong></a></p>',
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