Mains Practice Questions

Introduction:

India’s space journey began with the launch of Aryabhata in 1975, marking the country’s foray into satellite technology and scientific research. Initially aimed at scientific advancement and technological self-reliance, India’s space programme, led by ISRO, has gradually evolved into a significant instrument of socio-economic transformation, supporting agriculture, education, healthcare, disaster management, and governance. This evolution highlights how space technology has moved from research labs to directly impacting the lives of millions of Indians.

Body :

Socio-Economic Contributions of India’s Space Programme

• Scientific Exploration and Technological Foundations:
  • The development of SLV, ASLV, PSLV, and GSLV established indigenous launch capabilities.
  • Missions like Chandrayaan-1, Mangalyaan, and Astrosat enhanced India’s global scientific credibility.
• Agriculture and Food Security:
  • IRS satellites provide crop monitoring, yield estimation, drought prediction, and soil health mapping.
  • These tools support farmer decision-making and strengthen food security.
• Disaster Management:
  • Satellites such as INSAT and RISAT enable early warning systems for cyclones, floods, and forest fires.
  • During the Odisha cyclone 2021, satellite data facilitated timely evacuation and relief planning.
• Telecommunication, Education, and Digital Inclusion:
  • GSAT satellites improve rural connectivity, tele-education, and e-governance.
  • Programs like EDUSAT enable remote learning in inaccessible regions.
• Healthcare and Environment Monitoring:
  • Satellite imagery aids in epidemiological mapping, pollution monitoring, and climate observation, informing public health and environmental policies.
• Navigation and Transportation:
  • NavIC (Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System) enhances maritime safety, urban transport planning, and logistics efficiency.
• Economic Growth and Private Sector Participation
  • Commercial satellite launches generate revenue and foster start-ups and technology spin-offs.
  • Initiatives like Antrix and NSIL support private sector engagement in satellite manufacturing.
• Strategic and Diplomatic Influence:
  • India leverages space for international partnerships with countries like the USA, France, and Japan, enhancing geopolitical influence.

Conclusion:

India’s space programme has transformed from a scientific exploration tool to a catalyst for socio-economic development, impacting agriculture, disaster management, healthcare, education, governance, and economic growth. As Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam noted, Space technology is a central tool for socio-economic transformation of a nation. Leveraging space innovations for both science and society ensures long-term developmental benefits and national progress.