Mains Practice Questions

Q. In the context of deepening strategic engagement between India and Germany amid global economic and geopolitical shifts, analyse how India–Germany relations are evolving from trade-centric ties to a broader strategic partnership.(250 words).

Q. In the backdrop of increasing contractual employment and outsourcing in public services, examine how state capacity and accountability are being redefined in governance. (250 words)

Q. “Urban poverty and informalization of labour pose new challenges to social justice”. Discuss. (150 words)

Q. “In an era marked by shifting geopolitical alignments and the rise of minilateral groupings, examine the relevance of multilateralism in India’s foreign policy. How can India leverage multilateral platforms to advance its strategic autonomy and global leadership ambitions?” (250 words)

Q. Geopolitics today is increasingly shaped by control over technology, financial systems, and trade networks rather than military power alone.” Discuss. (250 words).

Q. In the context of prolonged judicial delays, examine how pendency of cases affects governance certainty, federal balance, and the protection of citizens’ rights. (250 words).

Q. With the rise of competing connectivity and infrastructure initiatives globally, examine how strategic corridors and partnerships influence regional geopolitics and India’s positioning.( 250 words).

Q. In the backdrop of changing socio-economic realities, analyse how the discourse on social justice is shifting from redistribution to empowerment and capability enhancement. (250 words).

Q. In the context of shifting geopolitical dynamics and external influences in South Asia, analyse how India’s neighbourhood policy navigates challenges of connectivity, security and regional cooperation.(250 words).

Q. With growing centralisation of fiscal and administrative powers alongside demands for cooperative federalism, analyse how India’s federal structure is evolving in practice beyond its constitutional framework. (250 words).

Q. “In the evolving geopolitics of West Asia, the UAE has emerged as a key strategic partner for India. Analyze the role of this partnership in advancing India’s regional interests.” (250 words)

Q. “The idea of ‘One Nation, One Election’ promises administrative efficiency but raises concerns about federalism and democratic accountability. Discuss.” (250 words)

Q. In recent years, multilateral institutions have faced challenges of legitimacy and effectiveness. Examine how India’s approach to multilateralism reflects both reformist aspirations and pragmatic engagement. (250 words).

Q. Amid concerns over declining parliamentary deliberation, reduced sittings and limited scrutiny of legislation, critically examine how legislative processes influence democratic accountability, transparency and the overall quality of governance in India. (250 words).

Q. In the context of shifting geopolitical dynamics in the Indo-Pacific, analyse the strategic significance of maritime partnerships for India’s security and economic interests. (150 words).

Q. “Passive euthanasia raises complex intersections between law, ethics, and medical decision-making.” Analyse how Indian courts have attempted to balance these dimensions through evolving jurisprudence. (250 words)

Q. Social justice requires not only economic redistribution but also social recognition and empowerment.Discuss. (150 words)

Q. “India’s policy of multi-alignment is most tested during geopolitical crises.” Analyse this statement in the context of recent West Asian conflict. (250 words)

Q. Energy interdependence and diaspora remittances have long underpinned India’s engagement with West Asia. Discuss how emerging geopolitical realignments and regional conflicts affect India’s strategic autonomy in the region. (250 words).

Q. In the Indian constitutional framework, judicial activism often fills executive vacuum but risks policy overreach. Discuss with suitable examples. ( 250 words )

Q. To what extent has the India–France partnership helped India diversify its strategic and technological dependencies in a multipolar world? ( 250 words)

Q. Digital governance has redistributed power within the State rather than simply decentralising it. Analyse how technology reshapes accountability and discretion. ( 250 words) 

Q. “In the context of shifting global power structures, examine India’s contribution to the reform of global governance institutions.” (150 words).

Q. “Indian federalism is undergoing a transition marked by the rise of competitive federalism.” Discuss the nature and implications of this shift. (250 words).

Q. India's engagement with the United States is characterized by enhanced strategic cooperation without abandoning strategic autonomy.” Assess how this duality affects bilateral relations in light of evolving global and regional geopolitics. (250 words)

Q. Parliamentary oversight is central to democratic accountability, yet its effectiveness has weakened over time. Discuss the causes and suggest measures to strengthen legislative scrutiny. (250 words).

Q. India’s foreign policy is increasingly shaped by pragmatic engagement rather than ideological alignment. Analyse how this approach affects India’s relations with major powers and regional groupings. (250 words)

Q. Outcome-based governance has emerged as a central theme in public administration reforms. Discuss its significance, limitations, and the institutional prerequisites required to translate budgetary allocations into measurable social outcomes. (250 words).

Q. “Discuss the role of the India–EU FTA in strengthening India’s strategic autonomy amid global trade fragmentation.” (250 words)

Q. “Assess the effectiveness of State interventions in ensuring social justice amid persistent structural inequalities, with reference to constitutional mandates, welfare policies, and institutional mechanisms.”(250 words)