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Pravasi Bharatiya Divas

Why in News Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD) is celebrated on 9th January every year to mark the contribution of Overseas Indian community in the...

11 Jan 2021 Governance
Demand For Autonomy in Assam

Why In News There has been a demand for implementation of Article 244A for the creation of an autonomous State within Assam. Key...

09 Jan 2021 Governance
Death Penalty For Sexual Offences

This article is based on “The wrong answer” which was published in The Indian Express on 06/01/2021. It talks about the issues related...

08 Jan 2021 Governance
Scheme for Industrial Development of Jammu and Kashmir

Why in News Recently, the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs has approved the proposal of Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade...

08 Jan 2021 Governance
School Bag Policy 2020

Why in News The Directorate of Education has issued a circular asking schools to follow the new ‘School Bag Policy, 2020’ released by...

05 Jan 2021 Governance
Sagarmala Seaplane Services

Why in News The Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways is starting the ambitious Project of Sagarmala Seaplane Services (SSPS) with potential...

05 Jan 2021 Governance
Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960

Why in News The Supreme Court (SC) has asked the Centre to either withdraw or amend rules notified in 2017 for confiscating animals of traders and...

05 Jan 2021 Governance
Smart Classes for Rural Schools

Why in News Recently, RailTel has proposed to the Ministry of Education its plan for equipping rural schools, run by the central government, with...

04 Jan 2021 Governance
Global Housing Technology Challenge-India

Why in News The Prime Minister has laid the foundation of LightHouse Projects (LHPs), as part of the Global Housing Technology Challenge-India...

02 Jan 2021 Governance
Draft National Science Technology and Innovation Policy, 2020

Why in News Recently, the draft of the 5th National Science Technology and Innovation Policy (STIP) has been uploaded by the Department of Science...

02 Jan 2021 Governance
Protests Against Eco-sensitive Zones in Narmada District

Why in News Recently, tribal communities in Gujarat have been protesting against the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC)...

31 Dec 2020 Governance
Assam’s Bill on Madrasa Conversion

Why in News The Assam Assembly has recently passed a Bill to convert state-run madrasas into regular schools - removing them from the status of...

31 Dec 2020 Governance
Digital India Awards 2020

Why in News Recently, the President of India has conferred Digital India Awards 2020. Key Points About the Awards: Digital India Awards have...

31 Dec 2020 Governance
Digital Ocean

Why in News Recently, the Ministry of Earth Sciences inaugurated the web-based application DigitalOcean developed by Indian National Centre for...

30 Dec 2020 Governance
National Summit on Good, Replicable Practices & Innovations

Why in News The Union Minister of Health and Family Welfare digitally inaugurated the 7th National Summit on Good, Replicable Practices &...

30 Dec 2020 Governance
The Big Picture: Health Data Management Policy

Why in News? The Health Ministry has approved the Health Data Management Policy under the National Digital Health Mission (NDHM) to protect and...

30 Dec 2020 Governance
India’s First Fully Automated Metro

Why in News Recently, the Prime Minister has inaugurated the country’s first fully automated Metro, (Driverless Metro) on Delhi Metro’s...

29 Dec 2020 Governance
Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY SEHAT: J&K

Why in News Recently the Prime Minister has launched the Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY) Social Endeavour for Health and...

28 Dec 2020 Governance
Main Bhi Digital Drive for Street Vendors

Why in News The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) is going to launch ‘Main Bhi Digital (me too digital)’ drive for the...

28 Dec 2020 Governance
Good Governance Day

Why in News Good governance day is celebrated annually on 25th December to mark the birth anniversary of the former Prime Minister Atal Bihari...

26 Dec 2020 Governance

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		'title' => 'Pravasi Bharatiya Divas',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p><strong>Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD) </strong>is<strong> celebrated on 9<sup>th</sup> January every year</strong> to mark the contribution of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/india-s-diaspora" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Overseas Indian community</strong></a> in the development of India.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>On the occasion, several events such as <strong>PBD Convention, Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Award</strong> and <strong>Bharat ko Janiye Quiz</strong> are organised.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Background:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>9<sup>th</sup> January</strong> was chosen as the day to celebrate PBD since it was <strong>on this day in 1915 that <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/mahatma-gandhi-jayanti" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Mahatma Gandhi</a>, the greatest Pravasi, returned to India from South Africa,</strong> led India&rsquo;s freedom struggle and changed the lives of Indians forever.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>PBD Conventions:</strong> These are<strong> held once every two years.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>PBD 2021:</strong> The <strong>16<sup>th</sup> PBD Convention</strong> was held virtually in New Delhi. The <strong>theme</strong> was <strong>"Contributing to <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/atmanirbhar-bharat-and-economic-stimulus" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Aatmanirbhar Bharat</a>".</strong></li>
<li><strong>Chief Guest:</strong> President of Suriname Chandrikapersad Santokhi.</li>
<li><strong>Highlights:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Response to the Pandemic:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Despite dependence on critical things like PPE kits, masks, ventilators or testing kits, India developed its capabilities not only to become self-reliant but started exporting many things.</li>
<li>India&rsquo;s drugs regulator has <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/covishield-and-covaxin-approved-for-restricted-use" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>approved</strong></a> the Oxford Covid-19 vaccine <strong>Covishield,</strong> manufactured by the Serum Institute, and<strong> indigenously developed Covaxin</strong> of Bharat Biotech for restricted emergency use in the country.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Use of Technology:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>India is using technology to <strong>end corruption <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/rbi-advisory-on-direct-benefit-transfer" target="_blank" rel="noopener">(Direct Benefit Transfer)</a>.</strong></li>
<li>Further, <strong>India's <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/new-space-policy-for-new-space-age" target="_blank" rel="noopener">space programme</a></strong> and <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/parliamentary-committee-report-on-startups#:~:text=It%20is%20a%20flagship%20initiative,innovation%20and%20entrepreneurship%20in%20India." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>tech start-up ecosystem</strong></a> is a leader in the global sphere.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Recent Initiatives:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Including <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/national-education-policy-2020" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>New Education Policy 2020</strong></a> and <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/pli-scheme-for-ten-more-sectors" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Production Linked Subsidies Scheme.</strong></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Initiatives for Indian Diaspora:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/vande-bharat-mission" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Vande Bharat Mission</strong></a>, in which more than 45 lakh Indians were rescued during Corona times.</li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/swades-skill-mapping-exercise-for-returning-citizens#:~:text=It%20aims%20to%20create%20a,placement%20opportunities%20in%20the%20country." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Skilled Workers Arrival Database for Employment Support (SWADES)</strong></a>, an initiative for returning immigrants from the Gulf and other areas.</li>
<li><strong>Global Pravasi Rishta Portal</strong> for better connectivity and communication with the Pravasi Bharatiyas.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>75<sup>th</sup> Anniversary of India&rsquo;s Freedom (2021):</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The Prime Minister <strong>asked the members of the diaspora</strong> and people in Indian Missions world over to prepare a portal, a digital platform where contribution of the Pravasi Bharatiyas in the freedom struggle of India can be documented.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Award:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is the <strong>highest honour conferred on</strong> a <strong>Non-Resident</strong> Indian, <strong>Person of Indian Origin;</strong> or an organisation or <strong>institution established and run by Non-Resident Indians</strong> or Persons of Indian Origin, who have made significant contribution in better understanding of India abroad, support India's causes and concerns in a tangible way, community work abroad, welfare of local Indian community, philanthropic and charitable work, etc.</li>
<li>During the PBD convention, select eminent Indian diaspora members are awarded the Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Awards in the presence of the President of India.</li>
<li><strong>30 Winners of the 2021 Award:</strong> Including<strong> Suriname President</strong> Chandrikapersad Santokhi, <strong>Curacao Prime Minister</strong> Eugene Rhuggenaath and<strong> New Zealand minister</strong> Priyanca Radhakrishnan.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Third Edition Bharat ko Janiye Quiz (2021):</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It was <strong>launched in 2015-16</strong> in order to<strong> strengthen the engagement with young overseas Indians (18-35)</strong> and encourage them to know more about their country of origin.</li>
<li>The first edition was held in 2015-16 and the second one in 2018-19.</li>
<li><strong>Fifteen winner</strong>s of the Quiz were announced during the PBD convention and<strong> will be invited for an India Tour</strong> (Bharat ko Janiye Darshan) after Covid.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1687362" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Demand For Autonomy in Assam',
		'description' => '<h3>Why In News</h3>
<p>There has been a demand for implementation of <strong>Article 244A for the creation of an autonomous State</strong> within Assam.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Background:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The appeal to the Centre has been for the creation of an autonomous State for the <strong>Karbi Anglong region.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>This has been a demand since 1986.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The districts are currently governed by<strong> two autonomous councils Karbi Anglong and North Cachar hills.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Definition of Scheduled and Tribal Areas:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The areas inhabited by the socially and educationally backward<strong> &lsquo;Aboriginals&rsquo;</strong> are called Scheduled Areas.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Administration of Scheduled and Tribal Areas:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>There are <strong>two schedules (5<sup>th</sup> and 6<sup>th</sup>) of the Indian Constitution</strong> which entail the details about the control and management of the Scheduled and Tribal Areas.</li>
<li><strong>Fifth Schedule of the Indian Constitution:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The provisions regarding the administration and control of <strong>Scheduled and Tribal Areas</strong> of any state <strong>except the four states (Assam, Meghalaya,Tripura, Mizoram)</strong> are mentioned under this schedule.</li>
<li>At present, 10 States namely <strong>Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan and Telangana</strong> have Fifth Schedule Areas.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/sixth-schedule-areas" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>This schedule deals with the administration</strong></a> and control of the scheduled and tribal areas of <strong>the four states</strong> of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Scheduled and Tribal Areas are dealt with two articles:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Article 244:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>This article deals with the administration of the Scheduled and Tribal Areas.</li>
<li>It defines <strong>Scheduled Areas as the areas defined so by the President of India</strong> and are mentioned<strong> in the fifth schedule</strong> of the Constitution.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Article 244A:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Formation of an <strong>autonomous state comprising</strong> certain tribal areas in Assam and creation of local legislature or Council of Ministers or both therefore.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/assam-bjp-lawmakers-seek-autonomous-state/article33512508.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:TH</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7411,
		'category_id' => (int) 22,
		'title' => 'Death Penalty For Sexual Offences',
		'description' => '<div class="border">
<p>This article is based on <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/maharashtra-shakti-bill-rape-offence-disha-bill-maharashtra-cabinet-7135848/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>&ldquo;The wrong answer&rdquo;</strong> </a>which was published in The Indian Express on 06/01/2021. It talks about the issues related to the award of the death penalty for sexual offences.</p>
</div>
<p>Sexual offences against women and children are one of the most heinous crimes against humanity. Given this, the public has a real and legitimate interest in addressing such concerns, leading to the death penalty&rsquo;s demand to deter sexual offences purportedly.</p>
<p>In this context, on <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/international-human-rights-day-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Human Rights Day 2020</strong></a>, the Maharashtra cabinet approved the Shakti Bill, enlarging the scope of harsher and mandatory sentences &mdash; including the death penalty &mdash; for non-homicidal rape (excluding <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/marital-rape-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Marital Rape</strong></a>).</p>
<p>The Shakti Bill comes amid the recent legislative trend to invoke the death penalty for sexual offences. For instance, the Andhra Pradesh government passed the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/disha-bill-2019" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Disha Bill in 2020</strong></a> (pending presidential assent), that provides the death penalty for the rape of adult women.</p>
<p>However, introducing the death penalty diverts attention from deep-rooted issues &amp; long-term solutions. It suggests that the reason for such crimes is that the punishment is not severe enough.</p>
<h3>Associated Issues With Death Penalty Against Sexual Offences</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>May Do More Harm To Victim:</strong> Women&rsquo;s right groups have argued that the death penalty is a knee-jerk and populist solution to counter sexual offences. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Also, Child-right activists insist that introducing capital punishment for non-homicidal rape may lead rapists to kill their victims to erase testimonial evidence.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Death Penalty Won&rsquo;t Remove Prejudice:</strong> Introducing harsher penalties does not remove systemic prejudices from the minds of judges and the police.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Generally, police might refuse to register complaints or acquit offenders in cases they do not consider &ldquo;serious&rdquo; enough to warrant a mandatory minimum.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Lower Rate of Conviction:</strong> According to crime data from the <a href="/printpdf/crime-in-india-2019-report-ncrb" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>National Crime Records Bureau</strong></a>, in 93.6% of sexual offences, the perpetrators were known to the victims. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Therefore, introducing capital punishment would deter complainants from registering complaints.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Delay in Closure of Justice:</strong> The execution of a death sentence comes at the end of multiple stages of appeals and avenues of seeking clemency. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>This time extended to the defendant to exhaust all legal remedies will delay the judicial process&rsquo;s finality and closure&mdash;militating against the competing interest of ensuring speedy justice.</li>
<li>It might also see an increase in instances of instant retribution, such as the extrajudicial killing of gang-rape and murder suspects in Hyderabad late in 2019.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Regressive Step:</strong> The <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/j-s-verma-committee-on-sexual-harassment-at-workplace-act" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Justice Verma Committee Report</strong></a> that made several recommendations on the laws on sexual offences (after Nirbhya rape case 2012), held that the death penalty&rsquo;s deterrent effect is &ldquo;a myth&rdquo;. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The report stated that it would be a regressive step to introduce the death sentence in non-homicidal cases.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Other Issues Related to Shakti Bill</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The other anti-women assertion in the bill moves away from the standard of affirmative consent in cases involving adult victims and offenders.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Significant advocacy from the women&rsquo;s movement led to introducing an affirmative standard of consent, rooted in unequivocal voluntary agreement by women through words, gestures or any form of verbal or non-verbal communication.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>In a sharp departure, the bill stipulates that valid consent can be presumed from the &ldquo;conduct of the parties&rdquo; and the &ldquo;circumstances surrounding it&rdquo;.</li>
<li>Rape trials continue to be guided by misogynistic notions, expecting survivors to necessarily resist the act, suffer injuries and appear visibly distressed.</li>
<li>Therefore, the bill&rsquo;s vaguely worded explanation holds dangerous possibilities of expecting survivors to respond only in a particular manner, thus creating the stereotype of an &ldquo;ideal&rdquo; victim.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>Way Forward</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Plugging Gaps in Justice Delivery:</strong> The most severe gaps in the justice delivery system are reporting a police complaint. Therefore, the focus of the criminal justice system needs to shift from sentencing and punishment to the stages of reporting, investigation, and victim-support mechanisms. In this context, the following measures must be ensured: <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The victim reports a case without any fear.</li>
<li>Police to conduct a sound investigation.</li>
<li>Victim protection throughout the trial.</li>
<li>Making testification as easy and as quick as possible.</li>
<li>Allocation of resources and more robust implementation of the law than is currently evident.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Sensitisation At a Broader Level:</strong> Despite the ever-increasing ambit of the death sentence, there has been little effort to address prejudices in society.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Addressing the prejudices in the society against sexual offences requires sensitisation of functionaries of the justice system &amp; more importantly society.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Conclusion</h3>
<p>Instead of merely enhancing punishment, tackling crimes against women and children requires broader social reforms, sustained governance efforts and strengthening investigative and reporting mechanisms.</p>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 100%; border-style: dotted; border-color: #ff0000; background-color: #f5fff5;">
<p><span style="color: #800000;"><em><strong>Drishti Mains Question</strong></em></span></p>
<p>Punitive responses to sexual violence need serious rethinking, given the multitude of perverse consequences and their minor role in addressing the actual needs of rape survivors. Discuss.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p style="text-align: center;"><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Ytfp3NErDB0" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></p>
<p>This editorial is based on <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/editorials/where-india-and-us-diverge-ht-editorial/story-fPy0uthKnZr3iRrt6O8CLL.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>&ldquo;Where India and US diverge&rdquo;</strong></a> which was published in The Hindustan Times on January 7<sup>th</sup>, 2020. Now watch this on our Youtube channel.</p>',
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	(int) 3 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7408,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Scheme for Industrial Development of Jammu and Kashmir',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/cabinet-committees-formed" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs</strong></a> has approved the proposal of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/dipp-renamed-as-dpiit" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT)</strong></a> for<strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/proposal-to-hike-monthly-pensions" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Central Sector Scheme</a> for Industrial Development of Jammu and Kashmir (J&amp;K).</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>DPIIT</strong> comes under the <strong>Ministry of Commerce and Industry.</strong></li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Central Sector Schemes</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>These schemes are <strong>100% funded by the Central government.</strong></li>
<li>Implemented by the Central Government machinery.</li>
<li>Formulated on subjects mainly from the Union List.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Aim:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>To <strong>take industrial development to the block level in Union Territory (UT)</strong> of J and K, which is the<strong> first time in any Industrial Incentive Scheme of the Government of India</strong> and attempts for a more <strong>sustained and balanced industrial growth</strong> in the entire UT.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Beneficiaries:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Scheme is made attractive for <strong>both <a href="/to-the-points/paper3/micro-small-and-medium-enterprises-msme" target="_blank" rel="noopener">smaller</a> and larger industrial units. </strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Expenditure:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The financial outlay is <strong>Rs. 28,400 crore</strong> for the scheme <strong>period 2020-21 to 2036-37</strong> (17 years).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Role of J&amp;K in Implementation:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Scheme envisages a greater role of the UT of J&amp;K <strong>in registration and implementation of the scheme</strong> while having proper checks and balances by having an <strong>independent audit agency</strong> before the claims are approved.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Incentives Under the Scheme:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Capital Investment Incentive:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It provides an <strong>incentive at the rate of 30% in Zone-A and 50% in Zone-B on investment</strong> made in plant and machinery (in manufacturing), or construction of building and other durable physical assets (in service sector).<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Zone-B</strong> includes far-off areas and will receive higher incentives so as to ensure equal opportunities of growth in far-flung areas and major towns.</li>
<li><strong>Zone-A</strong> includes areas other than Zone-B.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>A <strong>capital investment</strong> is a sum of money that goes towards furthering the objectives of a business or towards purchasing long-term assets for the business.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Capital Interest subvention:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It provides for <strong>6% capital interest subvention for a maximum of seven years on loans up to Rs. 500 crore</strong> for investment in plant and machinery (in manufacturing), or construction in building and all other durable physical assets (in service sector) for 10 years.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Capitalized interest</strong> is the cost of borrowing to acquire or construct a long-term asset.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>GST Linked Incentive:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It is based on<strong> Gross <a href="/to-the-points/paper3/goods-and-services-tax-gst-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Goods and Services Tax (GST).</a></strong></li>
<li>This will <strong>incentivise output up to 300% of the eligible value of actual investment</strong> made in the plant and machinery (in manufacturing), or construction in building and all other durable physical assets (in service sector).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Working Capital Interest Incentive:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>This will provide all existing units<strong> incentive at the annual rate of 5% for maximum 5 years.</strong> Maximum limit of incentive is <strong>Rs. 1 crore.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Working capital,</strong> also known as<strong> net working capital (NWC),</strong> is the <strong>difference between a company's current assets,</strong> such as cash, accounts receivable (customers' unpaid bills) and inventories of raw materials and finished goods,<strong> and its current liabilities,</strong> such as accounts payable.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Significance:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The scheme will encourage <strong>new investment, substantial expansion and also nurture the existing industries</strong> in the Union Territory.</li>
<li>It will also provide <strong>employment to 4.5 lakh people</strong> besides leading to equitable, balanced and sustainable<strong> socio-economic development of the region.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Other Initiatives:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Earlier <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/ayushman-bharat-pm-jay-sehat-jk" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY) Social Endeavour for Health and Telemedicine (SEHAT) scheme</strong></a> was launched to extend health insurance coverage to all residents of J&amp;K.</li>
<li>The <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/day-nrlm-special-package-for-j-k-and-ladakh" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Union Cabinet has also approved a special package</a> worth Rs. 520 crore in the Union Territories (UTs) of J&amp;K and Ladakh</strong> for a period of five years under the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/national-rural-economic-transformation-project" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Rural Livelihood Mission (DAY-NRLM).</strong></a><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>In August 2019, the Central government had suspended all modes of communications in the wake of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/article-370-and-35-a-revoked" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>revocation of Jammu and Kashmir's special status, granted under Article 370.</strong></a> Eventually, services were partially restored, with internet speed restricted to 2G.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1686743#:~:text=of%20Jammu%20%26%20Kashmir.-,The%20scheme%20is%20approved%20with%20a%20total%20outlay%20of%20Rs,the%20UT%20of%20Jammu%20%26%20Kashmir." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7373,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'School Bag Policy 2020',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The Directorate of Education has issued a circular asking schools to follow the new<strong> &lsquo;School Bag Policy, 2020&rsquo;</strong> released by the <strong>National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT).</strong></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>The Circular:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>School teachers should inform the students in advance about the books and notebooks to be brought to school on a particular day and frequently check their bags to<strong> ensure that they are not carrying unnecessary material.</strong></li>
<li>It is the duty and the responsibility of the school management to provide<strong> quality potable water in sufficient quantities</strong> to all the students in the school so that they do not need to carry water bottles from their homes.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>About the School Bag Policy 2020:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It <strong>lays down the guidelines on homework and weight of school bags</strong> for classes I to XII.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>School bags</strong> should <strong>not be more than 10% of the bodyweight of students</strong> across classes I to X and there should be <strong>no bags in pre-primary students.</strong></li>
<li>It recommends <strong>no homework up to class II</strong> and a maximum of two hours per week for classes III to V, one hour a day for classes VI to VIII and two hours a day for classes IX and above.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The Policy will <strong>also require schools to introduce infrastructural changes</strong> as students will not be able to carry many books daily. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The schools <strong>need to provide lockers</strong> right from preschool to senior secondary to enable children to leave books in school and carry home only what is required.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>It adds that the <strong>teachers</strong> should take the <strong>responsibility</strong> of <strong>checking the weight</strong> of school bags of the students <strong>every three months on a day selected for the whole class</strong> and any information about heavy bags should be <strong>communicated to the parents.</strong></li>
<li>It adds that files and<strong> thin/light exercise</strong> books should be preferred to<strong> thick/heavy ones.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Problems of heavy school bags:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The heavy school bag has <strong>severe/adverse physical effects on growing children</strong> which can cause damage to their<strong> vertebral column</strong> and <strong>knees.</strong></li>
<li>A heavy backpack can pull on the neck muscles contributing to headache, shoulder pain, lower back pain and neck and arm pain.</li>
<li>The <strong>posture of the body</strong> also gets affected to a great extent which in the long term develops imbalances in the body and <strong>affects the health of the nervous system.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>NCERT</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It is <strong>an autonomous organization under the Ministry of Education (MoE)</strong> which is responsible for:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Ensuring <strong>qualitative improvement in school education</strong> by undertaking and promoting research in areas related to school education.</li>
<li><strong>Prepare and publish model textbooks,</strong> supplementary material.</li>
<li>Develop and <strong>disseminate innovative educational techniques</strong> and practices.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Act as a<strong> nodal agency</strong> for achieving the goals of <strong>Universalization of Elementary Education.</strong></li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/doe-circular-asks-teachers-to-check-weight-of-school-bags/article33497012.ece#:~:text=The%20weight%20of%20the%20school,for%20Classes%20XI%20and%20XII." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:TH</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 5 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7370,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Sagarmala Seaplane Services',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The <strong>Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways</strong> is starting the ambitious Project of <strong>Sagarmala Seaplane Services (SSPS)</strong> with potential airline operators.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>A seaplane is a <strong>fixed-wing aeroplane</strong> designed for taking off and landing on water.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Mechanism:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The project is being initiated under a <strong>Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) framework</strong> through prospective airline operators.</li>
<li><strong>SPV</strong> is a legal object formed for a <strong>specifically-defined singular purpose.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Project Implementation:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The project execution and implementation would be through <strong>Sagarmala Development Company Ltd (SDCL),</strong> which is under the administrative control of the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways.</li>
<li>Airline operators will be invited to form a SPV with SDCL.</li>
<li>The routes may be operated under the government&rsquo;s subsidised <a href="/pdf/1590974875-udan-4-0.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>ude desh ka aam nagrik (UDAN) scheme.</strong></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Location:</strong> Several destinations are envisaged for seaplane operations:</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1609847051_image5.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1609847051_image5.jpg" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" caption="false" width="624" height="351" /></a></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Benefits and Significance:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The seaplanes services will be a game-changer providing a <strong>supplementary means of faster and comfortable transportation across the nation.</strong></li>
<li>Apart from providing air connectivity to various remote religious/tourist places, it will <strong>boost tourism for domestic and international holiday makers.</strong></li>
<li>It will<strong> save travel time</strong> and<strong> stimulate localized short distance travelling</strong> especially in the hilly regions or across the rivers/lakes etc.</li>
<li>It will provide<strong> infrastructure enhancements</strong> at the places of operations.</li>
<li>It will <strong>generate employment opportunities.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Previous Project:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>One such Seaplane Service is already in operation between <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/india-s-first-seaplane-project" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Kevadia and Sabarmati Riverfront in Ahmedabad</strong></a> which was inaugurated in October 2020.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg"><strong>Sagarmala Programme</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Sagarmala Programme was<strong> approved by the Union Cabinet in 2015</strong> which aims at holistic port infrastructure development along the 7,516-km long coastline through modernisation, mechanisation and computerisation.</li>
<li>Under this port-led development framework, the government hopes to increase its cargo traffic three-fold.</li>
<li>It also includes the establishment of rail/road linkages with the port terminals, thus providing last-mile connectivity to ports; development of linkages with new regions, enhanced multi-modal connectivity including rail, inland water, coastal and road services.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1685966" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7363,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-national-institutions/supreme-court-of-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Supreme Court (SC)</strong></a> has <strong>asked the Centre to either withdraw or amend rules notified in 2017</strong> for confiscating animals of traders and transporters during the pendency of trial in cases under the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About the 2017 Rules:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The <strong>Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Care and Maintenance of Case Property Animals) Rules, 2017</strong> have been framed under the <strong>Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960.</strong></li>
<li>The Rules <strong>allow a Magistrate to forfeit the cattle of an owner facing trial under the Act.</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The animals are then<strong> sent to infirmaries, animal shelters,</strong> etc.</li>
<li>The authorities <strong>can further give such animals for &ldquo;adoption&rdquo;.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>SC&rsquo;s Observations:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The Rules are plainly <strong>contrary to Section 29 of Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act,</strong> under which <strong>only a person convicted of cruelty can lose his animal.</strong></li>
<li>It <strong>asked the government to either change the rule or face a stay</strong> from the court.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>About the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The legislative intent of the Act is to <strong>&ldquo;prevent the infliction of unnecessary pain or suffering on animals&rdquo;.</strong></li>
<li>The <strong>Animal Welfare Board of India (AWBI)</strong> was established in 1962 under Section 4 of the Act.</li>
<li>This Act<strong> provides for punishment for causing unnecessary cruelty and suffering to animals.</strong> The Act<strong> defines animals and different forms of animals.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Discusses different forms of cruelty, exceptions, and killing of a suffering animal</strong> in case any cruelty has been committed against it, so as to relieve it from further suffering.</li>
<li>Provides the<strong> guidelines relating to experimentation on animals</strong> for scientific purposes.</li>
<li>The Act enshrines the provisions relating to the <strong>exhibition of the performing animals,</strong> and offences committed against the performing animals.</li>
<li>This Act provides for the <strong>limitation period of 3 months</strong> beyond which no prosecution shall lie for any offences under this Act.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/supreme-court-asks-centre-to-withdraw-or-amend-2017-rules-on-confiscating-animals-during-trial-7132306/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: IE</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 7 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7354,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Smart Classes for Rural Schools',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently,<strong> RailTel</strong> has proposed to the<strong> Ministry of Education</strong> its plan for <strong>equipping rural schools, run by the central government,</strong> with the<strong> ability to hold &lsquo;smart classes&rsquo;.</strong></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About the Proposal:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The proposal is to<strong> power remote government schools with high-speed broadband</strong> and <strong>create an &ldquo;Internet of Things&rdquo; environment for learning.</strong></li>
<li>The plan is to create <strong>end-to-end e-learning solutions for the schools,</strong> using the <strong>solid Optical Fibre Cable network,</strong> which is the backbone of Indian Railways telecom operations. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Behind the plan is the education sector&rsquo;s thrust on<strong> leveraging the gains of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/online-education" target="_blank" rel="noopener">e-learning</a></strong> as a mode of instruction, at a time when the<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/coronavirus-disease-named-covid-19" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> pandemic</strong></a> has forced teachers and students to migrate to virtual platforms and adopt IT-enabled interactive means for teaching.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The cable network<strong> runs along railway tracks,</strong> and so as far as reach is concerned, there is the <strong>capability to impact rural schools anywhere in India,</strong> including the remotest locations which otherwise may not get reliable Internet. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>RailTel has <strong>already provided such connectivity to 723 institutions of higher learning under the Centre&rsquo;s National Knowledge Network programme,</strong> with broadband speed of up to 10 gigabytes per second.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>It would<strong> impact around 3.5 lakh students</strong> who are enrolled in these schools, which are run by the Central government predominantly for meritorious students in rural India.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>RailTel:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is a<a href="/to-the-points/paper3/sectors-of-indian-economy" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> "Mini Ratna (Category-I)" Central Public Sector Enterprise.</strong></a></li>
<li>It is an ICT (Information and Communication Technology) provider and one of the largest neutral telecom infrastructure providers in the country owning a Pan-India optic fiber network on exclusive Right of Way (ROW - for laying telecom cables) along Railway track. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The OFC network covers all important towns &amp; cities of the country and several rural areas.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>It has been selected for <strong>implementation of various mission-mode projects</strong> for the Government of India including rolling out the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/supercomputer-param-siddhi" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>National Knowledge Network</strong></a>, <a href="/pdf/1594035732-bharatnet-project.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Bharat Net</strong></a> and <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/challenges-in-telecom-sector-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">USOF (Universal Service Obligation Fund)</a> funded optical fiber based connectivity project in North East India.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/railtel-proposes-smart-classes-for-rural-schools-run-by-government-7131618/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: IE</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 8 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7369,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Global Housing Technology Challenge-India',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The Prime Minister has laid the foundation of<strong> LightHouse Projects (LHPs),</strong> as part of the <strong>Global Housing Technology Challenge-India (GHTC-India) initiative,</strong> at<strong> six sites</strong> across six states via videoconference.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>He also announced the winners under <strong>Affordable Sustainable Housing Accelerators - India (ASHA-India)</strong> and gave away annual awards for excellence in implementation of <strong>Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana - Urban (PMAY-U) Mission.</strong></li>
<li>He also released <strong>a certification course on innovative construction technologies</strong> named <strong>NAVARITIH</strong> (New, Affordable, Validated, Research Innovation Technologies for Indian Housing).</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Global Housing Technology Challenge-India:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The <strong>Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs</strong> has conceptualized a Global Housing Technology Challenge - India (GHTC- India) which <strong>aims to identify and mainstream a basket of innovative technologies</strong> from across the globe<strong> for the housing construction sector</strong> that are sustainable, eco-friendly and disaster-resilient.</li>
<li>The Prime Minister declared the <strong>year 2019-20</strong> as <strong>&lsquo;Construction Technology Year&rsquo;</strong> while <strong>inaugurating GHTC-India in March 2019.</strong></li>
<li><strong>3 Components of GHTC-India:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Grand Expo and Conference:</strong> It is <strong>organized biennially</strong> to provide a platform to all stakeholders associated with housing construction for the exchange of knowledge and business.</li>
<li><strong>Proven Demonstrable Technologies for the Construction of Lighthouse Projects:</strong> These projects <strong>demonstrate the merits of the selected technologies</strong> and serve as live laboratories for research, testing, technology transfer, increasing mass awareness and for mainstreaming them in the country.
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The <strong>funding</strong> for the LHPs is<strong> as per the guidelines of PMAY-U.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Potential Future Technologies for Incubation and Acceleration Support:</strong> Potential future technologies from India that are applicable to the housing sector<strong> will be supported and encouraged through the ASHA (Affordable Sustainable Housing Accelerators) India program.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>LightHouse Projects at Six Sites:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Six LHPs<strong> consisting of about 1,000 houses each with physical &amp; social infrastructure facilities</strong> are being constructed at six places across the country namely Indore (Madhya Pradesh), Rajkot (Gujarat), Chennai (Tamil Nadu), Ranchi (Jharkhand), Agartala (Tripura) and Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh).</li>
<li>These projects will <strong>showcase the use of the six distinct shortlisted innovative technologies</strong> for field level application, learning and replication.</li>
<li>LHPs will <strong>demonstrate and deliver ready to live mass housing</strong> at an expedited pace as compared to conventional brick and mortar construction and will be more economical, sustainable, of high quality and durability.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Affordable Sustainable Housing Accelerator &ndash; India (ASHA India):</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The aim of ASHA-India is to <strong>catalyse research and development in the housing construction sector, building materials and related products</strong> by providing a suitable platform to promote and showcase India&rsquo;s vibrant and dynamic community of innovators.</li>
<li>It will <strong>support the potential future technologies developed in India</strong> by the way of incubation and acceleration.
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Incubation and acceleration support is provided to potential future technologies that are <strong>not yet market ready (pre-prototype applicants)</strong> or to the technologies that are <strong>market ready (post prototype applicants)</strong> respectively.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1685349" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 9 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7367,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Draft National Science Technology and Innovation Policy, 2020',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the draft of the <strong>5<sup>th</sup> National Science Technology and Innovation Policy (STIP)</strong> has been uploaded by the <strong>Department of Science and Technology (DST)</strong> on its website.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>This Policy will replace the <a href="/printpdf/science-technology-and-innovation-policy" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Science Technology and Innovation Policy of 2013</strong></a>.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Aim:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>To bring about <strong>profound changes through short, medium and long-term mission mode projects</strong> by building a nurtured<strong> ecosystem that promotes research and innovation</strong> on the part of both individuals and organizations.</li>
<li>To <strong>identify and address strengths and weaknesses of the Indian Science Technology and Innovation (STI) ecosystem</strong> to catalyse socio-economic development of the country and also make the Indian STI ecosystem globally competitive.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Important Provisions:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Related to Equity and Inclusion:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Gender Equality:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It proposes that at least <strong>30% representation be ensured for women</strong> in all decision-making bodies, as well as <strong>&ldquo;spousal benefits&rdquo; be provided to partners of scientists belonging to the <a href="/to-the-points/Paper2/to-the-point-paper-2-section-377-judgement" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer (LGBTQ+) community.</a></strong></li>
<li>The <strong>LGBTQ+ community</strong> should be <strong>included in all conversations</strong> related to <strong>gender equity,</strong> and provisions be made to<strong> safeguard their rights</strong> and promote their representation and retention in the science and technology sector.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Child and Elderly Care:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Child-care benefits are proposed to be made gender-neutral, </strong>and<strong> flexible work timings and adequate parental leave</strong> are to be offered to cater to maternity, childbirth and child care.</li>
<li>All publicly-funded research institutions and universities will be asked to provide <strong>day-care centres for children of employees, and also have a provision for elderly care.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>For Disabled:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>For the <strong>benefit of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/persons-with-disabilities-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener">people with disabilities</a></strong>, the policy asks all publicly-funded scientific institutions to make<strong> &ldquo;structural and cultural changes&rdquo; to support their inclusion.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Other Related Provisions:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>For age-related cut-offs in matters relating to selection, promotion, awards or grants,<strong> the &ldquo;academic age&rdquo; and not the biological age would be considered.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Removal of bars on married couples</strong> being employed in the same department or laboratory. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>As of now, married couples are not posted in the same department, leading to cases of loss of employment or forced transfers when colleagues decide to get married.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Open Science Policy (One Nation, One Subscription):</strong> To make scientific knowledge and data available to all, the government has proposed:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>To <strong>buy bulk subscriptions of all important scientific journals across the world, and provide everyone in India free access to them.</strong></li>
<li>To set up a <strong>Science, Technology and Innovation Observatory</strong> that will serve as the central repository of all kinds of data generated from scientific research in the country.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Research and Education:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It proposes to establish <strong>Education Research Centres (ERCs)</strong> and <strong>Collaborative Research Centres (CRCs)</strong> to provide research inputs to policymakers and bring together stakeholders.</li>
<li><strong>Research and Innovation Excellence Frameworks (RIEF)</strong> will be developed to enhance the quality of research along with the promotion of engagements with the relevant stakeholders.</li>
<li>A dedicated portal to provide access to the outputs of such publicly-funded research will be created through the <strong>Indian Science and Technology Archive of Research (INDSTA).</strong></li>
<li>To set up Infrastructure to <strong>boost local Research and Development capabilities</strong> and<strong> reduce large scale import</strong> in selected sectors of domestic importance such as electronic hardware for home appliances, railways, intelligent transport, clean tech, defence, etc.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>For Strengthening India's Strategic Position:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>To achieve <strong>technological self-reliance</strong> and <strong>position India among the top three scientific superpowers</strong> in the decade to come.</li>
<li>To <strong>double the number of Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) researchers, Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&amp;D (GERD)</strong> and private sector contribution to the GERD every 5 years.</li>
<li>Establishment of a <strong>Strategic Technology Board</strong> that will <strong>bridge all strategic government departments,</strong> and monitor and recommend technologies to be bought or indigenously made.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1685427#:~:text=The%20draft%20of%20the%205,now%20available%20for%20public%20consultation.&amp;text=It%20aims%20to%20foster%2C%20develop,and%20policy%20research%20in%20India." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7347,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Protests Against Eco-sensitive Zones in Narmada District',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently,<strong> tribal communities in Gujarat have been protesting</strong> against the <strong>Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change</strong> (MoEFCC) order classifying 121 villages around the <strong>Shoolpaneshwar Wildlife Sanctuary</strong> in <strong>Narmada district as <a href="/to-the-points/paper3/eco-sensitive-zones" target="_blank" rel="noopener">eco-sensitive zones.</a></strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>They have appealed to the centre to withdraw the notification to mitigate the protests.</li>
<li>Tribes like <strong>Tadvi and Vasava</strong> have been concerned ever since <strong>Kevadia village</strong> of Narmada district was developed into a<strong> tourism circuit around the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/statue-of-unity" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Statue of Unity</a></strong> (SoU).</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Reasons Behind Protests:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Land falling in the eco-sensitive zone,</strong> including land used for agricultural use and plots reserved for parks, <strong>cannot be transferred for non-agricultural use</strong> for commercial, industrial or residential purposes.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Any land that needs to be transferred can be done so <strong>only after approval from the state government.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>A process has been initiated to include the <strong>state government as the co-owner</strong> of the land in the 121 villages.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Tribals are apprehensive of the order as they <strong>were not taken into confidence.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The notification, combined with the formation of the <strong>SoU Tourism Authority</strong> (SoUTA or also known as the <strong>SoU Area Development and Tourism Governance Authority</strong>), has <strong>increased administrative needs owing to the booming tourism</strong> and has <strong>left tribals in a state of mistrust and fear.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>They feel the simultaneous implementation of the two government decisions <strong>could dilute the &ldquo;power&rdquo; vested with villagers under the Panchayat (Extension of Scheduled Areas) Act</strong> (PESA Act), <strong>1996,</strong> implemented in areas notified under <strong>Schedule V</strong> of the Constitution.</li>
<li><strong>Fifth and Sixth Schedules</strong> provide for <strong>alternate or special governance mechanisms for certain schedule areas.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Panchayat (Extension of Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Gujarat notified the <strong>State PESA Rules in January 2017,</strong> applicable in 4,503 gram sabhas in eight districts of the state.</li>
<li>The Act promised a<strong> separate security force for the gram sabhas</strong> that would have complete power to decide their issues.</li>
<li>The provisions of the law deem the<strong> gram sabhas as &ldquo;most competent&rdquo; to deal with matters related to their territories</strong> for safeguarding their customs, traditions as well as the natural resources in the tribal areas.</li>
<li>However, the<strong> Act has not been enforced in letter and spirit,</strong> according to legal experts.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Statue of Unity Tourism Authority</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The government passed the <strong>SoU Area Development and Tourism Governance Authority or the SoU Tourism Authority</strong> (SoUTA) <strong>Bill in 2019.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The Bill<strong> sets aside Rs. 10 crore</strong> from the <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/non-utilisation-of-cesses-levies#:~:text=States%20as%20devolution.-,Consolidated%20Fund%20of%20India,and%20all%20non%2Dtax%20revenues." target="_blank" rel="noopener">consolidated fund</a> of the state</strong> for the discharge of functions and duties by SoUTA.</li>
<li>While activists and legal experts feel the Act will overpower the provisions of PESA, officials say rules of SoUTA are yet to be clarified.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Functions:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It will <strong>largely work as a local body that will prepare and execute a development plan</strong> or a town planning scheme, remove encroachments and provide civic amenities like water supply, transportation, power supply, drainage, hospitals, medical services, schools, public parks, markets, shopping places, and disposal of waste, among others.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Powers:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Acquiring immovable property</strong> under the <strong>Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Taking punitive action</strong> against those violating/encroaching it.</li>
<li><strong>Defining the limits</strong> of the tourism development area.</li>
<li><strong>Persons authorised can enter any land or building</strong> between sunrise and sunset by giving its occupant a notice of at least 24 hours.</li>
<li><strong>Shields the authority and its members from any legal proceeding or prosecution</strong> for anything which is in good faith done or intended to be done in pursuance of the provisions of this Act or any rules or regulations made thereunder.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Assistance:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Police can assist the authority in prohibiting any nuisance</strong> being caused or prevent any such activity, process, the operation being carried out, if it opines that it will damage or deteriorate the &ldquo;tourism potentiality&rdquo; of the area.</li>
<li><strong>Expenses and costs incurred,</strong> if any, in removing or abating such nuisance, shall be<strong> recovered as an arrear of land revenue from the person who has caused such nuisance.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Punishments:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Persons who fail to comply with directions given by the authority shall be <strong>punishable with imprisonment for up to a month</strong> or with a <strong>fine up to Rs. 50,000, or both.</strong> The offence will also be treated as <strong>&ldquo;<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/re-imagining-cognizable-offences#:~:text=In%20cognisable%20offences%2C%20an%20officer,necessary%20on%20certain%20enumerated%20bases." target="_blank" rel="noopener">cognisable</a> and non-bailable&rdquo;.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Shoolpaneshwar Wildlife Sanctuary</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It was first declared a<strong> protected area in 1982.</strong></li>
<li>An area of 150.87 sq. km was called the <strong>&lsquo;Dumkhal Sanctuary&rsquo;,</strong> specifically created for the<strong> protection of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/nandankanan-zoological-park-odisha" target="_blank" rel="noopener">sloth bears</a>.</strong></li>
<li>In the years <strong>1987 and 1989, more land was attributed</strong> to conservation and the area of the sanctuary enlarged to 607.70 sq km. It was then <strong>renamed</strong> &lsquo;Shoolpaneshwar Sanctuary&rsquo;.</li>
<li><strong>Flora:</strong> It is made up of a mixed forest of teak, riverine forest and deciduous dry jungles.</li>
<li><strong>Fauna:</strong> Sloth bear, Leopard, Rhesus macaque, Four Horned antelope, Barking deer, Pangolin, Herpetofauna, birds including Alexandrine parakeet.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><strong><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/gujarat-narmada-district-eco-sensitive-zone-protests-7125774/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Source: IE</a></strong></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7346,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Assam’s Bill on Madrasa Conversion',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The Assam Assembly has recently <strong>passed a Bill</strong> to convert <strong>state-run madrasas</strong> into <strong>regular schools -</strong> removing them from the<strong> status of centres for religious education.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Cabinet has also decided that the existing provincialised<strong> Sanskrit tols will be converted to &ldquo;study centres, research centres and institutions to study the Certificate/ Diploma/ Degree courses&rdquo;</strong> to be started by<strong> Kumar Bhaskar Varma Sanskrit and Ancient Studies University, Nalbari</strong> with effect from 1<sup>st</sup> April 2022.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The <strong>Assam Repealing Bill, 2020</strong> was brought to repeal<strong> two existing Acts:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The Assam Madrassa Education (Provincialisation) Act, 1995.</li>
<li>The Assam Madrassa Education (Provincialisation of Services of Employees and Re-Organisation of Madrassa Educational Institutions) Act, 2018.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The new legislation also covers <strong>private-run madrasas</strong> that are run under the state boards although <strong>private-run madrasas which are not under any state board </strong>will <strong>remain outside its purview.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>In English, the term madrasah or "madrasa" usually refers <strong>more narrowly to Islamic institutions of learning.</strong></li>
<li>Historians and other scholars also employ the term to refer to <strong>historical madrasah institutions throughout the Muslim world,</strong> which is to <strong>say a college/school where Islamic law was taught along with other secondary subjects.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The Madrasas run by the Board of Secondary Education, Assam (SEBA) will have <strong>&lsquo;madrasa&rsquo;</strong> dropped from their names and function as <strong>regular schools.</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The staff of the madrasas, especially those teachers teaching religious subjects,<strong> will be retained.</strong> They will be either trained to teach other subjects or in some other capacity.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>It is said to be a move to <strong>empower the Muslim community.</strong></li>
<li>The bill is being said to follow the ideals of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/dr-b-r-ambedkar-s-129th-birth-anniversary" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>B R Ambedkar</strong></a>. He had said that <strong>religious instruction should have no place in curriculum.</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The Quran should not be taught on government expenditure because the Bible or the Bhagavad Gita or texts of other religions are not taught on it.</li>
<li>The government<strong> spends Rs. 260 crore</strong> on madrasas and the Sanskrit &ldquo;tols&rdquo; (sanskrit learning centres) <strong>annually.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Further,<strong> secularism is one of the &lsquo;basic features&rsquo; of the Constitution.</strong></li>
<li>The government <strong>aspires</strong> that in the future a law is made to <strong>make private madrasas teach science, maths and other subjects along with religious subjects.</strong></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/assam/assam-passes-bill-to-turn-madrasas-into-regular-schools-7126938/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:IE</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7343,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Digital India Awards 2020',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the <strong>President of India</strong> has conferred <strong>Digital India Awards 2020.</strong></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About the Awards:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Digital India Awards have been institutionalized under the ambit of<strong> National Portal of India</strong> to honor exemplary initiatives/<strong>practices in Digital-Governance.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>National Portal of India:</strong> It is a <strong>Flagship Project</strong> to facilitate single window access to Government Information and Services in cyberspace.</li>
<li><strong>Digital-Governance:</strong> It is a framework for establishing accountability, roles, and decision-making authority for an organization's digital presence.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>These are <strong>conducted by the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/nic-and-covid-19" target="_blank" rel="noopener">National Informatics Centre</a> (NIC)</strong> under the Ministry of Electronics &amp; Information Technology (MeitY).</li>
<li>The Awards <strong>have been held for 5 seasons earlier,</strong> in 2009, 2012, 2014, 2016 &amp; 2018. The Awards were initially known as <strong>Web Ratna Awards until 2014</strong> and were <strong>re-named</strong> Digital India Awards<strong> from the 2016 season.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Awards 2020:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>22 digital governance initiatives</strong>/products by Government entities <strong>under seven categories</strong> received Digital India Awards 2020 for designing and implementing innovative citizen-centric digital solutions and improving the ease of living for all citizens. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>'Innovation in Pandemic award&rsquo;</strong> was introduced this year.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The award <strong>also acknowledges States and Union Territories</strong> that display exemplary initiative in establishing a comprehensive digital presence in sectors like health, labour, finance, social justice and environment, leading to the accomplishment of <strong><a href="/to-the-points/paper3/sustainable-development-3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sustainable Development Goals</a> (SDG).</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Notable Winners:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>E-committee of Supreme court of India:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/e-courts-3#:~:text=The%20e-Courts%20project%20was,by%20ICT%20enablement%20of%20Courts." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>E-Courts project</strong> </a>visioned and implemented by the e-Committee along with Department of Justice and NIC is a Mission Mode Project of Government of India.</li>
<li>Citizens can access case status, causelist court orders anywhere, any time through e-courts services website, mobile app, sms email services from the 3,293 court complexes.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Arogya Setu:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It is a <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/aarogya-setu-app-a-technological-solutionism" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>mobile application</strong></a> developed by the Government of India to connect essential health services with the people of India in a fight against Covid-19.</li>
<li>The App is <strong>aimed at augmenting the initiatives of the Government of India,</strong> particularly the Department of Health, in proactively reaching out to and informing the users of the app regarding risks, best practices and relevant advisories <strong>pertaining to the containment of Covid-19.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>eOffice:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It is a <strong>Mission Mode Project under the National E-Governance Plan,</strong> developed and implemented by NIC.</li>
<li>It is a <strong>digital workplace solution.</strong> The vision of eOffice is to achieve a simplified, responsive, <strong>effective and transparent working of all government offices.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>eSanjeevani:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It is a <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/telemedicine-service-platform-esanjeevani" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>digital platform</strong></a> <strong>of the Ministry of Health &amp; Family Welfare.</strong></li>
<li>It has enabled <strong>two types of telemedicine services</strong> viz. Doctor-to-Doctor (eSanjeevani) and Patient-to-Doctor (eSanjeevani OPD) Tele-consultations.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Bihar Sahayata Mobile App:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It was an innovative initiative <strong>to transfer money directly to the bank accounts of 21 lakh stranded migrant workers outside the state.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Madhya Pradesh Labour Department&rsquo;s Pravasi Shramik and Rojgar Setu Portals:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>These <a href="/printpdf/rozgar-setu-scheme-madhya-pradesh" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>gateways</strong></a> have been recognised for facilitating identification, registration, skilling plus <strong>employment of migrants and other workers</strong> during the novel coronavirus pandemic.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>States:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Haryana, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal</strong> won the Award under &lsquo;Excellence in Digital Governance - State / UT&rsquo; category.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1684583" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7340,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Digital Ocean',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the <strong>Ministry of Earth Sciences</strong> inaugurated the<strong> web-based application DigitalOcean</strong> developed by <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/indian-national-centre-for-ocean-information-services" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS)</a></strong> in a Virtual Meeting held in New Delhi.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About Digital Ocean:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Digital Ocean</strong> is a new state of the art <strong>data platform</strong> for <strong>Ocean Data Management.</strong></li>
<li>It is the <strong>first such platform to provide ocean data related services at one place.</strong></li>
<li>It includes a set of<strong> applications</strong> developed to<strong> organize and present heterogeneous oceanographic data</strong> by <strong>adopting rapid advancements in geospatial technology.</strong></li>
<li>It facilitates an online interactive web-based environment for <strong>data integration, 3D and 4D (3D inspace with time animation) data visualization,</strong> data analysis to assess the evolution of oceanographic features, etc.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Significance:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Digital Ocean is a big <strong>step towards</strong> Prime Minister&rsquo;s vision of <a href="/loksabha-rajyasabha-discussions/in-depth-digital-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Digital India</strong></a> that is to transform India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy.</li>
<li>It will serve as a one stop-solution for all the data related needs of a wide range of users including<strong> research institutions, operational agencies, strategic users, academic community, maritime industry, policy makers and the public.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It will also contribute to the vision of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/atma-nirbhar-bharathttps://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/atma-nirbhar-bharat-abhiyan-challenges" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Atmanirbhar Bharat.</strong></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>It will play a <strong>central role in sustainable management of the oceans</strong> and expanding the government&rsquo;s <a href="/to-the-points/paper3/blue-economy" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Blue Economy</strong></a> initiatives.</li>
<li>It will be promoted as a<strong> platform for capacity building</strong> on Ocean Data Management for all <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/19th-iora-council-of-ministers-meeting" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Indian Ocean Rim countries.</strong></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Other Related Initiative:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Deep Ocean Mission:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Launched in <strong>2018.</strong></li>
<li>The mission proposes to<strong> explore the deep ocean.</strong></li>
<li>The focus of the mission is on <strong>deep-sea mining, ocean climate change advisory services, underwater vehicles and underwater robotics related technologies.</strong></li>
<li>Two key projects planned in the Mission are:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>A <strong><a href="/printpdf/desalination-plants-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">desalination plant</a></strong> powered by <a href="/to-the-points/paper3/ocean-energy#:~:text=Total%20identified%20potential%20of%20Tidal,barrage%20technology%20could%20be%20used.&amp;text=OTEC%20has%20a%20theoretical%20potential,subject%20to%20suitable%20technological%20evolution." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>tidal energy.</strong></a></li>
<li>A<strong> submersible vehicle</strong> that can explore depths of at least 6,000 metres.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Significance:</strong> It will enable India to <strong>develop capabilities to exploit resources in the <a href="/current-affairs-news-analysis-editorials/news-editorials/2020-07-10" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Central Indian Ocean Basin</a> (CIOB).</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It is an <strong>autonomous organization under the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES).</strong></li>
<li>It is located in Hyderabad &amp; was <strong>established in 1999.</strong></li>
<li>It is a<strong> unit of the Earth System Science Organization (ESSO),</strong> New Delhi.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The<strong> ESSO</strong> operates as <strong>an executive arm of the Ministry of Earth Sciences</strong> (MoES) for its policies and programmes.</li>
<li><strong>ESSO&rsquo;s</strong> aim is to <strong>develop and improve capability to forecast weather, climate and hazard related phenomena</strong> for social, economic and environmental benefits including addressing aspects relating to <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/climate-change-and-development-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>climate change</strong></a> science, and climate services.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>It is mandated to <strong>provide the best possible ocean information and advisory services</strong> to society, industry, government agencies and the scientific community through sustained ocean observations and constant improvement through systematic and focused research.</li>
<li>It has adopted and developed various state-of-the-art technologies and tools that includes<a href="/printpdf/isro-s-assistance-in-fishing" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Potential Fishing Zone (PFZ)</strong></a> advisories, <a href="/pdf/1585108199-gemini-device.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Ocean State Forecast (OSF)</strong></a>, <strong><a href="/printpdf/heat-wave-warning" target="_blank" rel="noopener">High Wave</a> Alerts</strong>, <a href="/printpdf/tsunami-early-warning-system-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Tsunami early warnings</strong></a>, <strong><a href="/pdf/1593999528-cyclone-19.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Storm Surge</a> and <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/oil-spill-in-siberia" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Oil-Spill</a> advisories, etc.</strong></li>
<li>It has been serving as the National Argo Data Centre and Regional Argo Data Centre of the <strong>International Argo Programme.</strong></li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1684418" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7333,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'National Summit on Good, Replicable Practices & Innovations',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The Union Minister of Health and Family Welfare digitally inaugurated the<strong> 7<sup>th</sup> National Summit on Good, Replicable Practices &amp; Innovations</strong> through a video conference.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The <strong>New Health Management Information System</strong> (HMIS) along with the <strong>Operational Guidelines for <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/global-tuberculosis-report-2019-who#:~:text=The%20strategy%20aims%20to%20end,2020%2C%202025%2C%20and%202030." target="_blank" rel="noopener">Tuberculosis</a> services at <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/ayushmanbharat" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Ayushman Bharat-Health and Wellness Centres</a></strong> and the <strong>Operational Guidelines 2020 on Active Case Detection and Regular Surveillance for <a href="/mind-map/gs-paper2/leprosy-4" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Leprosy</a></strong> was launched at the Summit.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About the Summit:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The <strong>Ministry of Health &amp; Family Welfare</strong> holds the <strong>National Summit on Good, Replicable Practices and Innovations in Public Healthcare Systems in India.</strong></li>
<li>The<strong> first such summit was held in 2013 at Srinagar</strong> to recognize, showcase and document <strong>various best practices and innovations in the public healthcare system.</strong></li>
<li>The practices and innovation presented in these summits span across programmatic areas ranging from <strong>RMNCH+A (Reproductive, Maternal, Neonatal, Child Health and Adolescent Health) </strong>to<strong> communicable diseases</strong> (including Tuberculosis, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/world-malaria-day" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Malaria</strong> </a>and other vector borne diseases and Leprosy) to new areas of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/non-communicable-diseases-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Non-Communicable Disease</strong></a> control programmes.</li>
<li>They also include innovations that apply systems thinking to health problems such as the use of information technology to strengthen continuum of care, and to address human resource shortages and challenges in capacity building.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Highlights of the 7<sup>th</sup> National Summit:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>In the year 2020, 210 new initiatives were uploaded by the States and UTs in the <strong>National Healthcare Innovation Portal.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>National Health Innovation Portal was launched to serve as a platform in the public domain to facilitate<strong> collection and dissemination of good practices and innovations</strong> that are found to be replicable.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The <a href="/printpdf/covid-19-now-pandemic-who" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Covid-19 pandemic</strong></a> has made the country <strong>self-reliant</strong> in the area of manufacturing of <strong>PPE kit, Ventilator, mask, vaccine</strong> etc.</li>
<li>More than<strong> 1 million tele-consultations</strong> have been done on the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/telemedicine-service-platform-esanjeevani" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>e-Sanjeevani digital platform of the Health Ministry.</strong></a><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>e-Sanjeevani is a doctor to <strong>doctor telemedicine system, b</strong>eing implemented under the <strong>Ayushman Bharat Health and Wellness Centre (AB-HWCs) programme.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Department of Health and Family Welfare</strong> has won the <strong>Digital India award 2020</strong> under the<strong> Open Data Champion category</strong> for the<strong> e-Sanjeevani digital platform.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The <strong>National Informatics Centre (NIC),</strong> under Ministry of Electronics and IT (MeitY), has been conducting the <strong>biennial Digital India Awards</strong> to promote innovation in <strong>eGovernance and digital transformation of government service delivery mechanism.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Digital transformation has enabled the country to develop a national digital health ecosystem that supports <strong>Universal Health Coverage</strong> in an<strong> efficient, accessible, inclusive, affordable, timely and safe manner.</strong></li>
<li>There is a need to <strong>involve and integrate</strong> the <strong>grassroots healthcare workers</strong> for brainstorming on the innovations in the healthcare ecosystem, and benefit from the collective wisdom which emanates from<strong> years of experience and expertise</strong> of working with people&rsquo;s health delivery systems.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Recent Examples of Health Digitisation:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><a href="/printpdf/national-digital-health-mission" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>National Digital Health Mission (NDHM):</strong></a><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The <strong>NDHM</strong> is a<strong> complete digital health ecosystem.</strong> The digital platform will be launched with <strong>four key features:</strong> health ID, personal health records, Digi Doctor and health facility registry.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong><a href="/pdf/1590581234-arogya-setu-app-an-open-source.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Aarogya Setu App</a>:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It has an objective of enabling bluetooth based contact tracing and mapping of likely hotspots and dissemination of relevant information about Covid-19.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Health Management Information System</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It is a <strong>Government to Government (G2G) web-based Monitoring Information System</strong> to monitor the <a href="/printpdf/national-health-mission-and-janani-suraksha-yojana" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>National Health Mission</strong></a> and other Health programmes and provide key inputs for policy formulation and appropriate programme interventions.</li>
<li>HMIS was launched in <strong>October 2008.</strong> Currently, around 2 lakh health facilities (across all States/UTs) upload facility wise<strong> service delivery data</strong> on monthly basis, <strong>training data</strong> on quarterly basis and <strong>infrastructure related data</strong> on annual basis on HMIS web portal.</li>
<li>HMIS has been utilised in<strong> Grading of Health Facilities, identifications of <a href="/search/Aspirational%20districts%20programme" target="_blank" rel="noopener">aspirational districts</a>, review of State Programme Implementation Plan</strong> (PIPs), etc.</li>
<li>The analytical reports generated through HMIS also <strong>provide gap analysis and evidence based course correction.</strong></li>
<li>HMIS <strong>captures facility-wise information</strong> as follows:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Service Delivery</strong> (Reproductive, Maternal and Child Health related, Immunisation, family planning, Vector borne disease, Tuberculosis, Morbidity and Mortality, OPD, IPD Services, Surgeries etc.) data on a monthly basis.</li>
<li><strong>Training Data</strong> (Trainings imparted to Medicals and Paramedics staff at District and State level data) on quarterly basis.</li>
<li><strong>Infrastructure</strong> (Manpower, Equipment, Cleanliness, Building, Availability of Medical Services such as Surgery etc., Super Specialties services such as Cardiology etc., Diagnostics, Para Medical and Clinical Services etc.) data on annual basis.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The HMIS Portal facilitates the flow of physical performance from the Facility level to the <strong>Sub-district, District, State and National level</strong> using a web based Health Management Information System (HMIS) interface.</li>
<li>The new HMIS provides a <strong>seamless online platform</strong> through the provision of a wide range of data, information and infrastructure services, duly leveraging <strong>open, interoperable, standards-based digital systems.</strong></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1684130" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:PIB</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 15 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7332,
		'category_id' => (int) 15,
		'title' => 'The Big Picture: Health Data Management Policy',
		'description' => '<p style="text-align: center;"><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/498xuS2lOq4" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></p>
<h3>Why in News?</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Health Ministry has approved the Health Data Management Policy under the <a href="/loksabha-rajyasabha-discussions/the-big-picture-national-digital-health-mission-data-compliance" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>National Digital Health Mission (NDHM)</strong> </a>to protect and manage personal data of patients using the digital services of the scheme.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The policy was approved after a month of soliciting feedback from various stakeholders and the general public.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The policy acts as a guidance document across the <strong>National Digital Health Ecosystem (NDHE).</strong></li>
<li>The data collected across the National Digital Health Ecosystem (NDHE) will be stored at the central level, the state or Union Territory level and at the health facility level.</li>
<li>The policy will be read along with and not in contradiction to, any applicable law or any instrument having the effect of any law together with the Blueprint, the information security policy, the data retention and archival policy and any other policy which may be issued for the implementation of the NDHM.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Salient Features of the Policy</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Enabling document:</strong> The policy is an enabling document before rolling out the National Digital Health Mission in its full fledged form. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The policy sets out the minimum standards for data privacy protection.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Doctors:</strong> The authenticity of the doctors under this policy, will be taken care of by the <strong>digidoctor platform</strong> under which each and every doctor will be approved by the legitimate council.</li>
<li><strong>A single platform:</strong> The healthcare providers, under this policy will be connected by a single platform and they can still continue to hold the data after complying to certain standards that are prescribed.</li>
<li><strong>Accessing the data:</strong> The policy is just an initiative of connecting all the individual digital health systems with each other, to create an ecosystem to facilitate the access of data from one system to another. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The access to data is provided to ensure a quality healthcare.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Consent:</strong> The doctor from any hospital can access a patient&rsquo;s data but only if he/she gives the consent for the explicit information. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The healthcare providers shall be in a position to see the patient&rsquo;s health status from any part of the country but only with the patient's consent.</li>
<li>It is also possible to give partial consent. The patient may provide the doctor the consent to view a certain health record and may restrict him from viewing other records.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>The consent manager:</strong> For consent, an electronic system called the consent manager will be introduced, every request for the data will be followed up by the consent manager which will verify (a) identity of the person seeking data and (b) identity of the person who is providing the data. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It will also ensure that consent is provided and only after that the access to the data is provided.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Partial consent:</strong> This type of consent will be required, if a person has to provide data only for a particular medical condition and his other medical records have nothing to do with the first one. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The person will be able to withdraw the consent from the record he does not want to show.</li>
<li>Also, the consent will only be provided for a particular period of time.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Digi-Doctor</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It is a comprehensive repository of all doctors practicing or teaching modern/ traditional systems of medicine. Enrolling on Digi-Doctor is completely voluntary and enables doctors to get connected to India&rsquo;s digital health ecosystem.</li>
<li>Doctors from all systems of medicines (Modern Medicine &ndash; Doctors &amp; Dentists, Ayurveda, Homeopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Sowa Rigpa), registered with their respective Medical Councils/ Registrars/ Boards can enroll on DigiDoctor.</li>
<li>National Medical Council, Dental Council of India, Central Council for Indian Medicine, and Central Council for Homoeopathy are the National Councils overseeing enrollment along with the respective State Councils/ Registrars/ Boards.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>Challenges</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Lack of adequate laws:</strong> Ideally, the policy should have been under the data protection law, but India currently has no data protection law. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The policy is intertwined with the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/draft-personal-data-protection-bill-2019#:~:text=It%20is%20commonly%20referred%20to,which%20can%20identify%20the%20individual" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Personal Data Protection Bill.</strong></a> It is still a debated topic in the parliament.</li>
<li>The laws we have right now are not adequate, the <a href="/printpdf/draft-it-rules-issued-by-government" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Information Technology Act</strong> </a>is not particularly equipped for the challenges to be faced by this policy.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>No laws for breachers:</strong> The policy does not talk about what happens if a fiduciary breaches the data.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>What will be the penalties charged if the privacy of a person is breached is not mentioned in the policy.</li>
<li>It is also not mentioned if the fiduciary who exploits the private information will still be a part of the network or not.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Electronic consent manager:</strong> Ensuring there are no faults within the electronic consent manager is quite a challenge. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Also, the consent provided by a person is actually by his will cannot be assured through this method.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>The Information Technology Act (IT Act), 2000</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It was enacted to give a fillip to electronic transactions, to provide legal recognition for e-commerce and e-transactions, to facilitate e-governance, to prevent computer-based crimes and ensure security practices and procedures.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>The Personal Data Protection Bill</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Personal Data Protection Bill was introduced in Parliament in 2019.</li>
<li>The Bill seeks to provide for the protection of personal data of individuals (known as data principals), and creates a framework for processing such personal data by other entities (known as data fiduciaries).</li>
<li>It provides the data principal with certain rights with respect to their data, such as seeking correction, completion or transfer of their data to other fiduciaries.</li>
<li>Similarly, it sets out certain obligations, and other transparency and accountability measures to be undertaken by the data fiduciary, such as instituting grievance redressal mechanisms to address complaints of individuals.</li>
<li>Processing of personal data is exempted from the provisions of the Bill in certain cases, such as security of state, public order, or for prevention, investigation, or prosecution of any offence.</li>
<li>The Bill also establishes a Data Protection Authority to ensure compliance with the provisions of the Bill and provide for further regulations.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>Way Forward</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Blockchain technology:</strong> Improvising blockchain into the NDHM will be a concrete step towards protection of sensitive health data privacy.</li>
<li><strong>Need for a data protection law:</strong> To make sure that data which is given to different fiduciaries and being shared across different entities is safe and protected, a stringent law needs to be formed.</li>
<li><strong>Ensuring confidentiality:</strong> Data security and privacy of patients being one of the biggest concerns makes it a mandate to ensure that the health records of the patients remain entirely confidential and secure. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Who&rsquo;s actually accessing the data needs to be checked upon.</li>
<li>Introducing an anonymisation protocol within the platform can help ensure the privacy of the patients.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Conclusion</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>While the government is trying to digitize the medical sector, the Digital Health Management Policy is a milestone in the medical field which can make possible the better management of data of individuals to help them get better medical facilities. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Moreover, telemedicine is a pioneer of digital treatment of patients and it is cost effective too.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>However, concerns related to security of data of patients and the lack of any rock solid data protection act stand as a big challenge and should be the key area of focus.</li>
</ul>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7329,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'India’s First Fully Automated Metro',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the Prime Minister has inaugurated the<strong> country&rsquo;s first fully automated Metro,</strong> (Driverless Metro) on <strong>Delhi Metro&rsquo;s Magenta Line.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>He also extended the <strong>fully operational <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/national-common-mobility-card" target="_blank" rel="noopener">National Common Mobility Card</a></strong> (NCMC) to the Airport Express Line of the<strong> Delhi Metro Rail Corporation</strong> (DMRC).</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Driverless Metro:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>With this achievement, DMRC has entered the<strong> elite league of 7% of the world&rsquo;s Metro networks</strong> where such a facility is available.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>In <strong>2014, only five cities had Metro</strong> rail and <strong>currently,</strong> it is <strong>present in 18 cities</strong> and the number of Metro users has also increased manifold.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The driverless trains will be <strong>fully automated, eliminating the possibility of human error.</strong></li>
<li>The technology has <strong>different levels or Grades of Automation</strong> (GoA):<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>In GoA 1, trains are run by one driver.</li>
<li>In GoA 2 and GoA 3, the role of the driver is reduced to operating doors and for taking over in case of emergencies and the starting and halting of trains is automated.</li>
<li>In GoA 4, trains are set on a completely unattended operations mode.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Significance:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It uses a <strong>braking system</strong> in which <strong>50% of the energy goes back into the grid</strong> when the brakes are applied, which will save a considerable amount of energy making it an <strong>energy-efficient system.</strong></li>
<li>In a <strong>boost to <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/five-years-of-make-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Make in India</a>,</strong> various big companies are involved in the manufacturing of Metro coaches and dozens in the manufacture of Metro components.</li>
<li><strong>130 MW of <a href="/to-the-points/paper3/solar-energy" target="_blank" rel="noopener">solar</a> power is currently being used</strong> in the operations of Metro rail, which the government<strong> intends to increase to 600 MW.</strong></li>
<li>The<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/ndb-loan-to-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Regional Rapid Transit System</strong></a> (RRTS) and <strong>Metro Lite models</strong> will <strong>reduce the distance</strong> between major cities and within them.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>National Common Mobility Card:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It will give<strong> access to all modes of transportation</strong> and will do away with commuters having to wait in long queues for tokens.</li>
<li>It <strong>allows users to pay for</strong> travel, toll charges and retail shopping, and permits them to withdraw money at the same time.</li>
<li>It will <strong>enable anyone carrying a RuPay-Debit Card issued in any part of the country to travel on the route.</strong></li>
<li>This will not only help provide a common platform for people but will also allow better research data. <strong>Researchers will be able to better assess the travelling patterns of people</strong> and accordingly suggest the best plan for development</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Other Developmental Works in Delhi:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Incentivizing <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/challenges-to-electric-vehicle-adoption-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener">electric vehicles</a></strong> (EVs)<strong> by giving tax rebates.</strong></li>
<li>The old infrastructure of the capital is being <strong>transformed into environment-friendly infrastructure based on modern technology.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Provision of better living conditions</strong> to slum dwellers through <strong>regularization of hundreds of colonies.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Opening up of new tourist destinations</strong> and generation of employment.</li>
<li>Work for the new Parliament building under the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/centre-s-stand-on-central-vista-redevelopment-project" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Central Vista Redevelopment Project</strong> </a>will not only <strong>give employment to thousands</strong> of people from Delhi but will also <strong>change the face of the city.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/pm-modi-inaugurates-countrys-first-driverless-metro-rail-in-delhi/article33435119.ece#:~:text=of%20Delhi%20Metro.-,Prime%20Minister%20Narendra%20Modi%20inaugurated%20the%20country's%20first%20driverless%20train,Metro%20Rain%20Corporation%20(DMRC)." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7318,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY SEHAT: J&K',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently the Prime Minister has launched the<strong> Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana</strong> (AB-PMJAY) <strong>Social Endeavour for Health and Telemedicine</strong> (SEHAT) scheme via video-conferencing to extend <strong>health insurance coverage</strong> to all residents of <strong>Jammu and Kashmir</strong> (J&amp;K).</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>AB-PMJAY SEHAT Scheme:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The Scheme provides free of cost insurance cover. It provides financial cover upto <strong>Rs. 5 lakh</strong> per family on a floater basis to all residents of the UT of J&amp;K.
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Floater basis, means that it can be used by <strong>one or all members</strong> of the family. The whole family is insured under one plan.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The scheme<strong> would work in convergence with Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY).</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Benefits:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Full coverage to residents of J&amp;K:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>At present, about 6 lakh families of the UT are getting the benefit of the Ayushman Bharat Scheme. After the health plan, all <strong>21 lakh families</strong> will get the same benefit.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Portability of treatment:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Treatment will not be limited to government and private hospitals in Jammu and Kashmir only. Rather, various hospitals are connected under this scheme in the country.</li>
<li>The hospitals empanelled under PM-AY scheme shall provide services under this scheme as well.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Universal Health Coverage:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The scheme will ensure Universal Health Coverage and focus on providing financial risk protection and ensuring quality and affordable essential health services to all individuals and communities.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Universal Health Coverage (UHC) includes the full spectrum of<strong> essential, quality health services, from health promotion to prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, and palliative care.</strong></li>
<li>UHC enables everyone to access the services, protecting people from the <strong>financial consequences of paying for health services</strong> out of their own pockets and reducing the risk that people will be pushed to poverty.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Ayushman Bharat PMJAY Yojana:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The PMJAY, world&rsquo;s largest health insurance/assurance scheme<strong> fully financed by the government,</strong> provides a cover of <strong>Rs. 5,00,000 per family per year</strong> for <strong>secondary and tertiary care hospitalisation across public and private empanelled hospitals</strong> in India.</li>
<li>Pre-hospitalisation and Post-hospitalisation expenses such as diagnostics and medicines are also included in the scheme.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1683373#:~:text=Prime%20Minister%20Shri%20Narendra%20Modi,12%20noon%20via%20video%20conferencing.&amp;text=It%20provides%20for%20operational%20extension,lakh%20(approx)%20additional%20families." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7317,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Main Bhi Digital Drive for Street Vendors',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The<strong> Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA)</strong> is going to launch <strong>&lsquo;Main Bhi Digital (me too digital)&rsquo;</strong> drive for the street vendors to enable them to <strong>accept and make payments digitally.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The drive has been encouraged by the success of the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/pm-svanidhi-micro-credit-scheme-for-street-vendors" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Prime Minister Street Vendor&rsquo;s AtmaNirbhar Nidhi (PMSVANidhi) scheme</strong></a>, launched in the wake of the <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/covid-19-now-pandemic-who" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Covid-19</a></strong><a href="/printpdf/21-days-lockdown" target="_blank" rel="noopener">&nbsp;lockdown</a>, to provide vendors microcredit.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Main Bhi Digital Drive:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>As part of the new drive, between <strong>4<sup>th</sup> January to 22<sup>nd</sup> January 2021,</strong> over <strong>10 lakh street vendors</strong> across the country who have availed of the <strong>Rs. 10,000 loan</strong> will be <strong>trained in using <a href="/pdf/1597577588-indian-digital-payment-system-outside-india.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">digital payments.</a></strong></li>
<li>The vendors would be able to not just <strong>receive payments digitally</strong> but also <strong>pay for material they procure from sellers using unique <a href="/printpdf/quick-response-code-for-buildings" target="_blank" rel="noopener">QR codes</a>.</strong></li>
<li>The <strong>mobile phones</strong> of the vendors will be<strong> equipped with the software needed for the transactions,</strong> and training provided to them on safe and secure payments.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>PMSVANidhi Scheme:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is a scheme of the <strong>MoHUA</strong> launched in <strong>June 2020</strong> which entitles the street vendors to <strong>Rs. 10,000 interest-free loan</strong> as working capital to restart their businesses.</li>
<li>Data shows that<strong> only 20% of the beneficiaries are digitally enabled.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Street Vendors in India:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Anyone who <strong>doesn&rsquo;t have a permanent shop is considered a street vendor.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>According to government estimates, <strong>street-vending accounts for 14% of the total (non-agricultural) urban informal employment in the country.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>There are an estimated <strong>50-60 lakh street vendors in India,</strong> with the largest concentrations in the cities of Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Ahmedabad.</li>
<li><strong>Issues:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Licence caps </strong>are<strong> unrealistic</strong> in most cities, for example, Mumbai has a ceiling of around 15,000 licences as against an estimated 2.5 lakh vendors. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>This means most <strong>vendors hawk their goods illegally,</strong> which makes them <strong>vulnerable to exploitation and extortion by local police and municipal authorities.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Often, local bodies conduct <strong>eviction drives</strong> to clear the pavements of encroachers, and confiscate their goods. <strong>Fines for recovery are heavy.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Organizations for Street Vendors:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>National Association of Street Vendors of India (NASVI):</strong> It is a <strong>membership based organization</strong> of 1,024 street vendors organizations representing 10,00,000 street vendors from almost all parts of India.</li>
<li><strong>National Hawker Federation (NHF):</strong> It is an association of street vendors <strong>across 28 States</strong> in the country, with <strong>1,188 Unions,</strong> including<strong> 11 Central Trade Unions</strong> and over <strong>20 International Trade Unions</strong> abroad.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Other Initiatives for the Street Vendors:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>The Street Vendors (Protection of Livelihood and Regulation of Street Vending) Act, 2014 :</strong> It was enacted to regulate street vendors in public areas and protect their rights.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The Act defines a <strong>&ldquo;street vendor&rdquo;</strong> as a <strong>person engaged in vending of articles</strong> of everyday use or <strong>offering services to the general public,</strong> in <strong>any public place or private area,</strong> from a <strong>temporary built up structure or by moving from place to place&rdquo;.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The government has also launched its first-ever official <strong>socio-economic survey of vendors,</strong> to bring street vendors under schemes such as :<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/woes-of-migrants-amid-covid-19" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana.</strong></a></li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/financial-inclusion-4" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana.</strong></a></li>
<li><strong>Jan-Dhan Yojana.</strong></li>
<li><a href="/daily-news-analysis/social-audit-to-track-construction-workers-benefits#:~:text=Building%20and%20Other%20Construction%20Worker%20Act%2C%201996&amp;text=The%20Act%20provides%20for%20the,be%20used%20for%20availing%20benefits." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Building and Other Construction Workers Act 1996.</strong></a></li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/pradhan-mantri-shram-yogi-maan-dhan-pm-sym" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maandhan Yojana.</strong></a></li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/pradhan-mantri-matru-vandana-yojana" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana.</strong></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Way Forward</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Despite multiple schemes running for the street vendors, there are various <strong>gaps</strong> in implementation, identification, awareness and accessibility of various schemes which should be plugged in a timely manner.</li>
<li><strong>Benefits</strong> like <strong>maternity allowances, accident relief, natural death compensation, education support</strong> for children for higher studies, <strong>pension</strong> during any crisis should be provided to them.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/zero-coupon-bonds-innovative-govt-tool-to-fund-psbs-keep-deficit-in-check-7122716/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:IE</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 19 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7309,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Good Governance Day',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p><a href="/to-the-points/paper4/good-governance-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Good governance</strong></a> day is <strong>celebrated annually on 25<sup>th</sup> December</strong> to mark the birth anniversary of the former Prime Minister <strong>Atal Bihari Vajpayee.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The aim is to<strong> create awareness of accountability in government</strong> among the citizens of India.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Governance:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is the <strong>process of decision-making</strong> and the <strong>process by which decisions are implemented</strong> (or not implemented).</li>
<li>Governance <strong>can be used in several contexts</strong> such as corporate governance, international governance, national governance and local governance.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Eight Characteristics of Good Governance (as identified by the <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/united-nations-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">United Nations</a>):</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Participation:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>People should have <strong>a voice in decision-making,</strong> either directly or through legitimate intermediate institutions that represent their interests.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Rule of law:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Legal frameworks should be fair</strong> and enforced impartially, particularly the laws on human rights.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Transparency:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Transparency is built on the free<strong> flow of information.</strong> Processes, institutions and information are directly accessible to those concerned with them, and enough information is provided to understand and monitor them.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Responsiveness:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Institutions and processes <strong>try to serve all stakeholders within a reasonable timeframe.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Consensus orientation:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Good governance requires <strong>mediation of the different interests in society to reach a broad consensus</strong> in society on what is in the best interest of the whole community and how this can be achieved.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Equity:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>All groups, particularly the most vulnerable, have <strong>opportunities to improve or maintain their well being.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Effectiveness and efficiency:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Processes and institutions produce results that <strong>meet needs while making the best use of resources.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Accountability:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Decision-makers in government, the private sector and civil society organisations are<strong> accountable to the public, as well as to institutional stakeholders.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1608974947_image7.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1608974947_image7.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="400" caption="false" /></strong></a></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Challenges to Good Governance in India:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Women Empowerment:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Women are not adequately represented in government institutions, and other allied sectors.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Corruption:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The high level of corruption in India has been widely perceived as a major obstacle in improving the quality of governance.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Delay in Justice:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>A citizen has the right to avail timely justice, but there are several factors, because of which a common man doesn&rsquo;t get timely justice. One such factor is lack of personnel and logistics under disposal of court.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Centralisation of Administrative System:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Governments at lower levels can only function efficiently if they are empowered to do so. This is particularly relevant for the <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-national-institutions/panchayati-raj-institution-pri#:~:text=74th%20Amendment%20provides%20for%20a,and%20Municipalities%20(Article%20243ZD).&amp;text=The%20Eleventh%20Scheduled%20of%20the,of%20the%20Panchayati%20Raj%20bodies." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs)</strong></a>, which currently suffer from inadequate devolution of funds as well as functionaries to carry out the functions constitutionally assigned to them.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Criminalisation of Politics:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The criminalisation of the political process and the unholy nexus between politicians, civil servants, and business houses are having a baneful influence on public policy formulation and governance.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Environmental security,</strong> sustainable development.</li>
<li>Challenges of <strong>globalization, liberalisation and market economy.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Initiatives Taken:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/good-governance-day" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Good Governance Index</a>:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>GGI has been launched by the <strong>Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances &amp; Pensions</strong> to determine the status of governance in the country.</li>
<li>It assesses the impact of various interventions taken up by the State Government and UTs.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="/to-the-points/Paper2/e-governance-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>National e-Governance Plan:</strong></a><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It has the vision to &ldquo;make all government services accessible to the common man in his locality, through common service delivery outlets and ensure efficiency, transparency &amp; reliability of such services at affordable costs to realize the basic needs of the common man.&rdquo;</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="/to-the-points/paper4/right-to-information-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Right to Information Act, 2005:</strong> </a><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It plays an effective role in ensuring transparency in governance.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Other Initiatives:</strong> Setting up of <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-national-institutions/niti-aayog-national-institution-for-transforming-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>NITI Aayog</strong></a>, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/assessment-of-make-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Make in India</strong></a> programme, <a href="/pdf/lokpal-lokayukta-ombudsman-upsc-governance-transparency.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Lokpal</strong></a>, etc.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Atal Bihari Vajpayee<a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1608975277_image6.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1608975277_image6.jpg" style="float: right;" width="300" caption="false" /></a></strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Atal Bihari Vajpayee was born on 25<sup>th</sup> December, 1924 in the erstwhile princely state of Gwalior (now a part of Madhya Pradesh).</li>
<li>He entered in national politics during the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/77th-anniversary-of-quit-india-movement" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Quit India Movement of 1942</strong></a> which hastened the end of British colonial rule.</li>
<li>In 1947, Vajpayee <strong>started working as a journalist for newspapers of Deendayal Upadhyaya &mdash;</strong> Rashtradharma (a Hindi monthly), Panchjanya (a Hindi weekly) and the dailies Swadesh and Veer Arjun. Later, influenced by Syama Prasad Mookerjee, Vajpayee<strong> joined the Bharatiya Jana Sangh in 1951.</strong></li>
<li>He was the <strong>former Prime Minister of India</strong> and was <strong>elected to the position twice in 1996 and 1999.</strong></li>
<li>As a parliamentarian, Vajpayee was awarded with the<strong> Pandit Govind Ballabh Pant Award for Best Parliamentarian in 1994,</strong> which defines him as "a role model par excellence for all legislators."</li>
<li>He was <strong>conferred</strong> with the country's highest civilian honour, the <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/important-facts-for-prelims-28th-january-2019" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Bharat Ratna</a> in 2015</strong> and second-highest civilian honour, the <strong><a href="/printpdf/padma-awards-2020" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Padma Vibhushan</a> in 1994.</strong></li>
</ul>
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