Mains Practice Questions

Case Study

Mr. Rohit Nair is the Commissioner of Police in a metropolitan city that has recently witnessed a rise in organised crime, including theft, drug trafficking, and incidents of violence. To enhance policing efficiency, the State Government introduces an advanced facial recognition surveillance system integrated with CCTV cameras across the city.

The system is designed to identify suspects in real time and has already helped solve several cases. Encouraged by early success, higher authorities directed Mr. Nair to expand its use, including continuous monitoring of public spaces such as markets, metro stations, and residential areas.

However, concerns begin to emerge from civil society organisations, legal experts, and sections of the public regarding privacy violations, lack of consent, and potential misuse of personal data. Reports indicate that the system has a higher error rate in identifying certain groups, raising fears of profiling and wrongful targeting.

Additionally, there are no clear guidelines on data storage, access, or accountability mechanisms. Some officers informally suggest using the system to monitor “habitual protesters” and political activists to prevent potential law-and-order issues.

The State Government emphasises that public safety must take precedence over abstract privacy concerns and expects visible results in crime reduction. Media debates intensify, with some praising technological efficiency and others warning against a “surveillance state.”

Mr. Nair must decide how to implement the system while balancing public safety, individual rights, and ethical governance.

Questions:

1. What are the ethical issues involved in this case?
2. What options are available to Mr. Nair? Evaluate the merits and demerits of each.
3. What should be the most appropriate course of action for Mr. Nair? Justify your answer in terms of ethical principles, constitutional values, and administrative accountability.