State PCS - Rajasthan (RAS)

• 30 Aug 2025

Eradication of Vilayati Babool

Why in News?

The Panchayati Raj Minister of Rajasthan directed officials from the Panchayati Raj and Forest Department to conduct a study and issue guidelines for the complete removal of Vilayati Babool (Prosopis Juliflora), including its roots.

Vilayati Babool (Prosopis juliflora)

• About: Locally known as Vilayati Kikar or Gando Baval, it is an invasive alien plant species native to Mexico, South America, and the Caribbean, now prevalent in India's arid and semi-arid regions. 
• Impact:
  • The rapid spread of Prosopis Juliflora hampers vegetation growth and depletes soil fertility, reducing agricultural productivity.
  • Its expansion destroys pasturelands, creating difficulties for livestock grazing and facilitating the spread of more plants.

Invasive Alien Species

• About: Invasive Alien Species are non-native organisms (plants, animals, fungi, or even microbes) introduced beyond their natural range, forming self-sustaining populations. 
  • They outcompete native species, disrupt ecosystems, and cause significant ecological, economic, and social impacts.
  • According to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), IAS are species that can “arrive, survive, and thrive”, often outcompeting native species for resources. 
  • In India, the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 defines IAS as non-native species that threaten wildlife or habitats. 
• Other Invasive Alien Species in India: Animal species like African catfish, Nile tilapia, red-bellied piranha, alligator gar, Red-eared Slider (a North American turtle) and plants like Lantana and Water Hyacinth are among the most widespread invasive species in India.

World Water Week 2025

Why in News?

World Water Week, a leading global conference on water-related issues, was held in Stockholm, Sweden, from 24th - 28th August 2025.

• During the event, the National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) was recognized as a global inspiration for river revival and community-driven efforts.

Key Points

• About: Established in 1991, this event is organized by the Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI) and provides a critical platform for the exchange of knowledge, solutions, and commitments related to water management. 
  • The 2025 edition, marking its 35th year, focused on the theme ‘Water for Climate Action’, highlighting the role of water in tackling climate change and achieving sustainable development.
• India’s Role: During World Water Week 2025, NMCG was part of the session ‘River Cities Reimagined: Climate-Smart and Basin-Centric Urban Development’, which highlighted the role of river-centric urban development in ensuring climate-resilient cities.
  • The session highlighted the benefits of sustainable urban planning and the need for basin-centric approaches that consider the entire river ecosystem.
  • The session was led by NMCG, the National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA), and Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ).

Namami Gange Mission

• About: It is a flagship programme for the rejuvenation of the Ganga River and its tributaries by reducing pollution, improving water quality, and restoring the river’s ecosystem. 
• Implementation: Under the Hybrid Annuity Model (HAM), a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) by the winning bidder handles STP development, operation, and maintenance.  
  • 40% of costs are paid post-construction, 60% over the project’s lifespan.

India Water Week (IWW)

• The Ministry of Jal Shakti, Government of India, conceptualized and launched India Water Week in 2012, and it is now organized biannually.
• It is aimed at addressing critical challenges pertaining to water management and fostering innovation in water-related technologies and practices. 
• IWW has evolved into a crucial platform in global water diplomacy, facilitating dialogue, innovation, and knowledge exchange on critical water-related challenges.