State PCS - Uttar Pradesh (UP PCS)

• 06 Sep 2025

Dudhwa Tiger Reserve

Why in News?

A 6–7 month-old male leopard cub died during treatment at Dudhwa Tiger Reserve, Lakhimpur Kheri (UP), due to an undiagnosed neurological disorder.

Dudhwa Tiger Reserve

• About: Dudhwa Tiger Reserve (DTR) is located in the Terai region of Uttar Pradesh. It was established as a Tiger Reserve in 1988 under Project Tiger.
• Constituent Areas: The reserve comprises Dudhwa National Park, Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary, and Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary.
  • It includes a mix of Sal woodlands, marshy grasslands, dry riverine grasslands, and oxbow lakes.
• Geographical Features: The reserve is bounded by the Mohana River to the north and the Sharda River to the south, with the Gerwa River flowing through Katarniaghat.
• Biodiversity: DTR is a biodiversity hotspot with interlinked food chains and food webs.
  • Fauna: Bengal Tiger, Indian Rhinoceros, Swamp Deer, Leopard, and numerous bird species.
    • In the All-India Tiger Census 2022, DTR ranked 4th in the country, with about 135 tigers and 180 butterfly species.
  • Flora: Dominated by Sal (Shorea robusta) forests, with marshy wetlands, grasslands, and riverine vegetation.

Telangana Tops India in Per Capita Income

Telangana has emerged as the state with the highest per capita income (PCI) in India for 2024-25, surpassing Karnataka and Haryana, marking its first top position in five years.

Key Points

• Per Capita NSDP: Telangana’s per capita Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) stands at ₹3.87 lakh, ahead of Karnataka (₹3.8 lakh) and Haryana (₹3.5 lakh).
• Consistent Growth:The state has maintained an average growth rate of over 10% in per capita income over the past decade, with nearly 12% growth in the last two years despite nationwide slowdowns.
• Agricultural Backbone: Commercial crops like cotton and horticulture are credited as the backbone of rural economic growth, driving market activity and contributing significantly to NSDP.
• Decadal Transformation: Per capita income has more than tripled in a decade (from under ₹1 lakh to over ₹3.8 lakh), while overall NSDP rose from ₹13.47 lakh (2023-24) to ₹14.87 lakh (2024-25).
• Diversified Growth: The state’s success is attributed to a combination of agricultural strength, industrial expansion, and service sector growth, making it a dynamic economic benchmark.

Net State Domestic Product

• Definition: NSDP measures the total value of goods and services produced within a state after deducting depreciation of capital assets.
• Formula: NSDP = Gross State Domestic Product – Depreciation.
• Significance: Unlike GSDP, NSDP reflects a clearer picture of sustainable economic output and the financial well-being of people in a state.