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Fighting Drug Addiction

Why in News Recently, people in a few villages of Jodhpur district’s Bilara block, Rajasthan have come together to tackle Drug Addiction among...

04 Jan 2021 Government Policies & Interventions
Trans Fatty Acids

Why in News The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has capped the amount of trans fatty acids (TFA) in oils and fats to 3% for...

04 Jan 2021 Government Policies & Interventions
IFSCA Becomes Associate Member of IOSCO

Why in News The International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA) has become an associate member of the International Organization of...

02 Jan 2021 Government Policies & Interventions
Global Housing Technology Challenge-India

Why in News The Prime Minister has laid the foundation of LightHouse Projects (LHPs), as part of the Global Housing Technology Challenge-India...

02 Jan 2021 Government Policies & Interventions
Satyameva Jayate: Digital Media Literacy

Why in News The Kerala Government has recently announced a digital media literacy programme called ‘Satyameva Jayate’ (Truth alone...

02 Jan 2021 Government Policies & Interventions
Draft National Science Technology and Innovation Policy, 2020

Why in News Recently, the draft of the 5th National Science Technology and Innovation Policy (STIP) has been uploaded by the Department of Science...

02 Jan 2021 Government Policies & Interventions
Mera Gaon, Mera Gaurav Programme: ICAR

Why in News Recently, under the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)s initiative ‘Mera Gaon Mera Gaurav’, cleanliness drive...

01 Jan 2021 Government Policies & Interventions
Virtual Agri-Hackathon 2020

Why in News Recently, the Union Minister of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare inaugurated the Virtual Agri-hackathon 2020 in association with...

01 Jan 2021 Government Policies & Interventions
Revival of Monpa Handmade Paper

Why in News Recently, the Monpa Handmade Paper (1000-year old heritage art) of Arunachal Pradesh has been revived by Khadi and Village Industries...

01 Jan 2021 Government Policies & Interventions
New Industrial Infrastructure Projects

Why in News Recently, the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) has approved three infrastructure proposals worth Rs 7,725 crore for setting...

01 Jan 2021 Government Policies & Interventions
Protests Against Eco-sensitive Zones in Narmada District

Why in News Recently, tribal communities in Gujarat have been protesting against the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC)...

31 Dec 2020 Government Policies & Interventions
Assam’s Bill on Madrasa Conversion

Why in News The Assam Assembly has recently passed a Bill to convert state-run madrasas into regular schools - removing them from the status of...

31 Dec 2020 Government Policies & Interventions
TiHAN-IIT: Testbed for Autonomous Navigation Systems

Why in News The foundation stone of ‘TiHAN-IIT Hyderabad’, India’s first Testbed for Autonomous Navigation Systems (Terrestrial...

31 Dec 2020 Government Policies & Interventions
Biodiversity Conservation and Indigenous People

This article is based upon “The Tragedy of Conservation'' which was published in The Hindu on 30 December 2020. It focuses upon the plight of...

30 Dec 2020 Government Policies & Interventions
Data on Police Organisations: BPRD

Why in News Recently, the Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPRD) has released data on police organisations. It shows different aspects...

30 Dec 2020 Government Policies & Interventions
Dedicated Freight Corridor

Why in News Recently, the Prime Minister of India has inaugurated a 351-km section of the Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor (EDFC) and an Operation...

30 Dec 2020 Government Policies & Interventions
100th Kisan Rail

Why in News Recently, the Prime Minister has flagged off the 100th “Kisan Rail” service from Sangola in Solapur district of...

30 Dec 2020 Government Policies & Interventions
National Summit on Good, Replicable Practices & Innovations

Why in News The Union Minister of Health and Family Welfare digitally inaugurated the 7th National Summit on Good, Replicable Practices &...

30 Dec 2020 Government Policies & Interventions
The Big Picture: Health Data Management Policy

Why in News? The Health Ministry has approved the Health Data Management Policy under the National Digital Health Mission (NDHM) to protect and...

30 Dec 2020 Government Policies & Interventions
India’s First Fully Automated Metro

Why in News Recently, the Prime Minister has inaugurated the country’s first fully automated Metro, (Driverless Metro) on Delhi Metro’s...

29 Dec 2020 Government Policies & Interventions

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		'title' => 'Fighting Drug Addiction',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, people in a few villages of<strong> Jodhpur district&rsquo;s Bilara block, Rajasthan</strong> have come together to tackle<a href="/loksabha-rajyasabha-discussions/the-big-picture-fighting-drug-menace" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Drug Addiction</strong></a> among the youth.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Steps Taken By the Villagers:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Boycott</strong> of persons consuming <strong>liquor, tobacco and narcotics.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Imposition of a penalty</strong> on the <strong>sellers</strong> and<strong> buyers</strong> of these <strong>substances.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Drug Addiction:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It refers to the <strong>condition of being addicted to a drug,</strong> particularly narcotic drugs.</li>
<li>These are <strong>generally illegal drugs</strong> that<strong> affect the mood and behaviour of a person.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Drug abuse</strong> refers to the <strong>use of certain chemicals for the purpose of creating pleasurable effects on the brain.</strong></li>
<li>There are over <strong>190 million drug users around the world</strong> and the problem has been increasing at alarming rates, especially among young adults under the age of 30.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Drug Menace In India:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The menace of drug addiction has<strong> spread fast among the youth of India.</strong></li>
<li>India is sandwiched between two <strong>largest Opium producing regions</strong> of the world that is <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/illicit-drug-supply-and-covid-19-unodc" target="_blank" rel="noopener">the Golden triangle on one side and the Golden crescent on other</a>.<a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1609828080_image1.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1609828080_image1.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="350" caption="false" /></a></strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The<strong> golden triangle</strong> area comprises <strong>Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam and Laos.</strong></li>
<li>The <strong>golden crescent</strong> area includes <strong>Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>As per the report <strong>Magnitude of Substance Use in India</strong> released by<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/digital-initiatives-to-fight-coronavirus" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> All India Institute Of Medical Science (AIIMS)</strong></a> in 2019:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Alcohol</strong> is the most abused substance in India.</li>
<li>Around <strong>5 crore</strong> Indians reported to have<strong> used cannabis and opioids</strong> at the time of the survey (conducted in the year 2018).</li>
<li>It has been estimated that there are about <strong>8.5 lakh people who inject drugs.</strong></li>
<li>Of the total cases estimated by the report, <strong>more than half</strong> of them are contributed by states like <strong>Punjab, Assam, Delhi, Haryana, Manipur, Mizoram, Sikkim and Uttar Pradesh.</strong></li>
<li>About 60 lakh people are estimated to need help for their opioid use problems.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>More and more children are taking to alcohol consumption and the <strong>highest percentage of children who are addicted to alcohol are in Punjab followed by West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Major Reasons for Drug Abuse:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>To be accepted by the peers.</li>
<li>Increasing economic stress.</li>
<li>Changing cultural values.</li>
<li>Experimentation.</li>
<li>Neurotic pleasure.</li>
<li>Ineffective Policing.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Impacts of Drug Abuse:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Higher risk of unintentional <strong>injuries, accidents, <a href="/to-the-points/Paper2/violence-against-women" target="_blank" rel="noopener">domestic violence incidents</a>, medical problems, and death.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Economic potential</strong> gets wasted.</li>
<li><strong>Affects relationships</strong> with family, friends creating emotional and social problems</li>
<li>Increases <strong>financial burden.</strong></li>
<li>Drug abuse seriously <strong>affects our health, security, peace and development.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Increase in<strong> diseases like <a href="/pdf/controlling-hepatitis-b.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Hepatitis B</a> and <a href="/printpdf/government-to-give-free-antiviral-for-hepatitis-c" target="_blank" rel="noopener">C</a>, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/global-tuberculosis-report-2019-who#:~:text=The%20strategy%20aims%20to%20end,2020%2C%202025%2C%20and%202030." target="_blank" rel="noopener">Tuberculosis</a></strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Drug dependence, low self esteem, hopelessness can<strong> lead to criminal action and even suicidal tendencies.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Challenges to Curb the Drug Menace:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Legally Available Drugs:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Such as <a href="/pdf/who-report-on-global-tobacco-epidemic-2019.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>tobacco</strong></a> is a huge problem which is usually seen as a <strong>gateway drug</strong> which children take just to experiment with.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Lack of Availability of Rehabilitation Centres:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>There is a lack of rehabilitation centres. Also, NGOs operating de-addiction centres in the country, have failed to provide the required kind of treatment and therapy.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Smuggling of Drugs:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Smuggling of drugs through the states like Punjab, Assam and Uttar Pradesh which share the border with neighbouring countries.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Government Initiatives to Tackle Drug Addiction:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It constituted the <a href="/printpdf/steps-to-curb-abuse-of-synthetic-drugs" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Narco-Coordination Centre (NCORD)</strong></a> in November, 2016 and revived the scheme of<strong> &ldquo;Financial Assistance to States for Narcotics Control&rdquo;.</strong></li>
<li>Narcotics Control Bureau has been provided funds for developing a new software i.e. <strong>Seizure Information Management System (SIMS)</strong> which will create a complete <strong>online database of drug offences and offenders.</strong></li>
<li>The government has constituted a fund called<strong> &ldquo;National Fund for Control of Drug Abuse&rdquo;</strong> to meet the expenditure incurred in connection with combating illicit traffic in Narcotic Drugs; rehabilitating addicts, and educating the public against drug abuse, etc.</li>
<li>The government is also conducting a <strong>National Drug Abuse Survey</strong> to measure trends of drug abuse in India through the Ministry of Social Justice &amp; Empowerment with the help of <strong>National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre of AIIMS.</strong></li>
<li><strong>'Project Sunrise'</strong> was launched by the<strong> Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in 2016,</strong> to tackle the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/world-aids-day-2020" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>rising HIV prevalence</strong> </a>in north-eastern states in India, especially among people injecting drugs.</li>
<li><a href="/loksabha-rajyasabha-discussions/the-big-picture-fighting-drug-menace" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, (NDPS) 1985</strong></a>: It prohibits a person from producing, possessing, selling, purchasing, transporting, storing, and/or consuming any narcotic drug or psychotropic substance. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The <strong>NDPS Act</strong> has since been<strong> amended thrice &ndash;</strong> in <strong>1988, 2001</strong> and 2014.</li>
<li>The Act extends to the whole of India and it applies also to all Indian citizens outside India and to all persons on ships and aircraft registered in India.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Government has also announced the launch of the<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/anti-drug-action-plan-for-2020-21" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> &lsquo;Nasha Mukt Bharat&rsquo;, or Drug-Free India Campaign</strong></a> which focuses on community outreach programs.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>International Treaties and Conventions to Combat Drug Menace:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>India is signatory of the following International treaties and conventions to combat the menace of Drug Abuse:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong><a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/united-nations-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">United Nations</a> (UN)<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/cannabis-removed-from-dangerous-substances-un" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Convention on Narcotic Drugs (1961)</a></strong></li>
<li><strong>UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances (1971).</strong></li>
<li><a href="/current-affairs-news-analysis-editorials/news-analysis/22-11-2019" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>UN Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (1988)</strong></a></li>
<li><strong>UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) 2000</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Way Forward</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Addiction should not be seen as a character flaw, but as an ailment that any other person could be struggling with. Therefore,<strong> the stigma associated with drug taking needs to be reduced.</strong> Society needs to understand that drug-addicts are victims and not criminals.</li>
<li>Certain<strong> crop drugs</strong> which have more than 50% alcohol and opioids<strong> need to be contained. Strict action is required from police officers</strong> and the excise and narcotics department to <strong>curb the problem of drug menace in the country.</strong> There is a need to <strong>strictly implement the NDPS Act.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Radical political decisions</strong> like that one of alcohol prohibition in Bihar may be another solution. When people do not exercise self-control, a state has to step in, as part of the <strong><a href="/mains-practice-question/question-180" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Directive Principles of State Policy</a> (Article 47).</strong></li>
<li><strong>Education curriculum should include chapters on drug addiction</strong>, its impact and also on de-addiction. Proper Counselling is another alternative.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/bilara-villagers-mobilise-against-addiction/article33486832.ece#:~:text=Reeling%20under%20the%20drug%20menace,to%20tackle%20addiction%20among%20youth.&amp;text=A%20unique%20campaign%20has%20been,no%20demand%20for%20illicit%20drugs." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:TH</strong></a></p>',
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		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Trans Fatty Acids',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-national-institutions/food-safety-and-standards-authority-of-india-fssai" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Food Safety and Standards Authority of India</strong></a> (FSSAI) has capped the amount of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/guidelines-for-reduction-of-trans-fatty-acids" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>trans fatty acids</strong></a> (TFA) in oils and fats to <strong>3%</strong> for 2021 and<strong> 2%</strong> by<strong> 2022</strong> from the current permissible limit of <strong>5%</strong> through an <strong>amendment to the Food Safety and Standards (Prohibition and Restriction on Sales) Regulations 2011.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The <strong>Regulations deal with</strong> the <strong>prohibitions and restriction on sales of various food products,</strong> ingredients and their admixtures.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The revised regulation <strong>applies to</strong> edible refined oils, vanaspati (partially hydrogenated oils), margarine, bakery shortenings, and other mediums of cooking such as vegetable fat spreads and mixed fat spreads.</li>
<li>As per the <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/world-health-organization-who" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>World Health Organisation</strong></a> (WHO), approximately <strong>5.4 lakh deaths</strong> take place each year globally because of intake of<strong> industrially produced trans fatty acids.</strong></li>
<li>The FSSAI rule comes at the time of a <a href="/printpdf/covid-19-now-pandemic-who" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>pandemic</strong></a> where the burden of<a href="/printpdf/non-communicable-diseases-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> non-communicable diseases</strong> </a>(NCD) has risen.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Trans-fat consumption is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.</li>
<li>Cardiovascular diseases account for most NCD deaths.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Previously it was in 2011 that India first passed a regulation that set a TFA limit of <strong>10%</strong> in oils and fats, which was further reduced to <strong>5%</strong> in<strong> 2015.</strong></li>
</ul>
<h3>Trans Fat</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Trans fatty acids (TFAs) or Trans fats are the <strong>most harmful type of fats</strong> which can have much more adverse effects on a human body than any<strong> other dietary constituent.</strong></li>
<li>These fats are<strong> largely produced artificially</strong> but <strong>a small amount also occurs naturally.</strong> Thus in our diet, these may be present as Artificial TFAs and/ or Natural TFAs.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Artificial TFAs are formed when <strong>hydrogen is made to react with the oil to produce fats resembling pure ghee/butter.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>In our diet the major sources of artificial TFAs are the<strong> partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (PHVO)/vanaspati/ margarine while the natural TFAs are present in meats and dairy products,</strong> though in small amounts.</li>
<li><strong>Usage:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>TFA containing oils can be preserved longer, they give the food the <strong>desired shape and texture</strong> and can easily substitute<strong> &lsquo;Pure ghee&rsquo;.</strong> These are comparatively far lower in cost and thus add to profit/saving.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Harmful effects:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>TFAs pose a higher <strong>risk of heart disease</strong> than saturated fats. While saturated fats raise total cholesterol levels, TFAs not only <strong>raise total cholesterol levels</strong> but also <strong>reduce the good cholesterol</strong> (HDL), which helps to protect us against heart disease.</li>
<li>It is also associated with a higher risk of developing <strong>obesity, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/new-injection-for-type-2-diabetes#:~:text=Type%202%20diabetes%3A%20It%20affects,has%20strong%20links%20with%20obesity." target="_blank" rel="noopener">type 2 diabetes</a>, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, infertility, certain types of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/national-cancer-awareness-day" target="_blank" rel="noopener">cancers</a></strong> and can also lead to<strong> compromised fetal development</strong> causing harm to the yet to be born baby.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Metabolic syndrome includes<strong> high blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat around the waist and abnormal cholesterol levels.</strong> The syndrome increases a<strong> person's risk of heart attack and stroke.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Efforts to reduce their intake:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>National:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>FSSAI launched a <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/trans-fat-free-logo" target="_blank" rel="noopener">&ldquo;Trans Fat Free&rdquo;</a></strong> logo for voluntary labelling to promote<strong> TFA-free products.</strong> The label can be used by bakeries, local food outlets and shops for preparations containing TFA not exceeding<strong> 0.2 per 100 g/ml.</strong></li>
<li>FSSAI launched a new mass media campaign <strong>&ldquo;Heart Attack Rewind&rdquo;</strong> to <strong>eliminate industrially produced trans fat</strong> in the food supply by the year 2022.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>&ldquo;Heart Attack Rewind&rdquo; is a follow-up to an earlier campaign called <strong>&ldquo;Eat Right&rdquo;,</strong> which was launched in <strong>July, 2018.</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Edible oil industries took a pledge to reduce the levels of salt, sugar, saturated fat and trans fat content by 2% by 2022.</li>
<li><strong>Swasth Bharat Yatra,</strong> an initiative started under the<strong> &ldquo;Eat Right&rdquo; campaign is a Pan-India cyclothon</strong> to engage citizens on issues of food safety, combating food adulteration and healthy diets.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Global:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>WHO launched a <strong>REPLACE campaign in 2018</strong> for global-level elimination of trans-fats in <strong>industrially produced edible oils by 2023.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/fssai-slashes-limit-for-trans-fat-levels-in-foods/article33486031.ece#:~:text=The%20Food%20Safety%20and%20Standards,and%20Restriction%20on%20Sales)%20Regulations." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:TH</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7372,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'IFSCA Becomes Associate Member of IOSCO',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/international-financial-services-centres-authority-bill-2019" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA)</strong> </a>has become <strong>an associate member</strong> of the<a href="/to-the-points/paper3/money-laundering-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO).</strong></a></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-national-institutions/securities-and-exchange-board-of-india-sebi" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)</strong> </a>is an <strong>ordinary member</strong> of IOSCO.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA):</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>About:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It was established in April 2020 under the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/international-financial-services-centres-authority-bill-2019" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>International Financial Services Centres Authority Act, 2019</strong></a>. It is headquartered at <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/gujarat-maritime-cluster" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>GIFT (Gujarat International Finance Tec-City)</strong></a>, Gandhinagar in Gujarat.</li>
<li>It is a<strong> unified authority for the development and regulation of financial products, financial services and financial institutions</strong> in the<strong> International Financial Services Centre (IFSC)</strong> in India. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>An IFSC <strong>caters to customers outside the jurisdiction of the domestic economy.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>It has been established to <strong>promote ease of doing business</strong> in IFSC and to <strong>provide a world class regulatory environment.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Objective:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>To <strong>develop a strong global connect and focus on the needs of the Indian economy</strong> as well as to <strong>serve as an international financial platform</strong> for the entire region and the global economy as a whole.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO):</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>About:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Founded:</strong> April 1983</li>
<li><strong>Headquarters:</strong> Madrid, Spain<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>IOSCO Asia Pacific Hub</strong> is located in <strong>Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>It is the <strong>international organization</strong> that<strong> brings together the world's securities regulators,</strong> covering more than<strong> 95%</strong> of the world&rsquo;s securities markets, and is the global standard setter for the securities sector.</li>
<li>It works closely with the<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/g-20-summit-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> G20 (Group of Twenty)</strong></a> and the<a href="/printpdf/important-institution-upsc-ias-g20-significance-global-groupings-member-challenges-buenos-aires-gs-mains-paper-ii-2-international-relations" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Financial Stability Board (FSB)</strong> </a>in setting up the standards for strengthening the securities markets. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The<strong> FSB</strong> is an<strong> international body that monitors and makes recommendations about the global financial system.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The IOSCO <strong>Objectives and Principles of Securities Regulation</strong> have been <strong>endorsed by FSB</strong> as one of the key standards for sound financial systems.</li>
<li>IOSCO's enforcement role extends to matters of interpretation of<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/indian-accounting-standards#:~:text=Standards%20(IFRS).-,International%20Financial%20Reporting%20Standards%20(IFRS),the%20presentation%20of%20financial%20information." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)</strong></a>, where IOSCO maintains a (confidential) database of enforcement actions taken by member agencies.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>IFRS is an accounting standard that has been issued by the<strong> International Accounting Standards Board (IASB)</strong> with the objective of providing a common accounting language to increase transparency in the presentation of financial information.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Objectives:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>To<strong> cooperate in developing, implementing and promoting adherence</strong> to internationally recognized and consistent standards of regulation, oversight and enforcement in order to protect investors, maintain fair, efficient and transparent markets, and seek to address systemic risks;</li>
<li>To <strong>enhance investor protection and promote investor confidence</strong> in the integrity of securities markets, through strengthened information exchange and cooperation in enforcement against misconduct and in supervision of markets and market intermediaries; and</li>
<li>To<strong> exchange information at both global and regional levels</strong> on their respective experiences in order to assist the development of markets, strengthen market infrastructure and implement appropriate regulation.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Significance of the Membership:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It would provide IFSCA the <strong>platform to exchange information at the global level and regional level on areas of common interests.</strong></li>
<li>The IOSCO platform would enable IFSCA to <strong>learn from the experiences and best practices of the regulators of other well established financial centres.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1685330" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:PIB</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 3 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7369,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Global Housing Technology Challenge-India',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The Prime Minister has laid the foundation of<strong> LightHouse Projects (LHPs),</strong> as part of the <strong>Global Housing Technology Challenge-India (GHTC-India) initiative,</strong> at<strong> six sites</strong> across six states via videoconference.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>He also announced the winners under <strong>Affordable Sustainable Housing Accelerators - India (ASHA-India)</strong> and gave away annual awards for excellence in implementation of <strong>Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana - Urban (PMAY-U) Mission.</strong></li>
<li>He also released <strong>a certification course on innovative construction technologies</strong> named <strong>NAVARITIH</strong> (New, Affordable, Validated, Research Innovation Technologies for Indian Housing).</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Global Housing Technology Challenge-India:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The <strong>Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs</strong> has conceptualized a Global Housing Technology Challenge - India (GHTC- India) which <strong>aims to identify and mainstream a basket of innovative technologies</strong> from across the globe<strong> for the housing construction sector</strong> that are sustainable, eco-friendly and disaster-resilient.</li>
<li>The Prime Minister declared the <strong>year 2019-20</strong> as <strong>&lsquo;Construction Technology Year&rsquo;</strong> while <strong>inaugurating GHTC-India in March 2019.</strong></li>
<li><strong>3 Components of GHTC-India:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Grand Expo and Conference:</strong> It is <strong>organized biennially</strong> to provide a platform to all stakeholders associated with housing construction for the exchange of knowledge and business.</li>
<li><strong>Proven Demonstrable Technologies for the Construction of Lighthouse Projects:</strong> These projects <strong>demonstrate the merits of the selected technologies</strong> and serve as live laboratories for research, testing, technology transfer, increasing mass awareness and for mainstreaming them in the country.
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The <strong>funding</strong> for the LHPs is<strong> as per the guidelines of PMAY-U.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Potential Future Technologies for Incubation and Acceleration Support:</strong> Potential future technologies from India that are applicable to the housing sector<strong> will be supported and encouraged through the ASHA (Affordable Sustainable Housing Accelerators) India program.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>LightHouse Projects at Six Sites:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Six LHPs<strong> consisting of about 1,000 houses each with physical &amp; social infrastructure facilities</strong> are being constructed at six places across the country namely Indore (Madhya Pradesh), Rajkot (Gujarat), Chennai (Tamil Nadu), Ranchi (Jharkhand), Agartala (Tripura) and Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh).</li>
<li>These projects will <strong>showcase the use of the six distinct shortlisted innovative technologies</strong> for field level application, learning and replication.</li>
<li>LHPs will <strong>demonstrate and deliver ready to live mass housing</strong> at an expedited pace as compared to conventional brick and mortar construction and will be more economical, sustainable, of high quality and durability.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Affordable Sustainable Housing Accelerator &ndash; India (ASHA India):</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The aim of ASHA-India is to <strong>catalyse research and development in the housing construction sector, building materials and related products</strong> by providing a suitable platform to promote and showcase India&rsquo;s vibrant and dynamic community of innovators.</li>
<li>It will <strong>support the potential future technologies developed in India</strong> by the way of incubation and acceleration.
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Incubation and acceleration support is provided to potential future technologies that are <strong>not yet market ready (pre-prototype applicants)</strong> or to the technologies that are <strong>market ready (post prototype applicants)</strong> respectively.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1685349" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7368,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Satyameva Jayate: Digital Media Literacy',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The Kerala Government has recently announced a digital media literacy programme called <strong>&lsquo;Satyameva Jayate&rsquo; (Truth alone triumphs) to counter</strong> the menace of <strong>Fake News.</strong></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The programme would be taught at <strong>schools and colleges,</strong> which would be encouraged to <strong>develop curriculum on digital media literacy.</strong></li>
<li><strong>The programme would cover five points :</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>What is wrong information.</li>
<li>Why they are spreading fast.</li>
<li>What precautions have to be adopted while using the content of social media.</li>
<li>How those who spread fake news make profit.</li>
<li>What steps can be initiated by citizens.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Satyameva Jayate</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Satyameva Jayate (Truth alone triumphs") is a part of a mantra from the Hindu scripture <strong>Mundaka Upanishad.</strong></li>
<li>Following the independence of India, it was adopted as the national motto of India on <strong>26<sup>th</sup> January 1950.</strong></li>
<li>It is inscribed in the <strong>Devanagari script</strong> at the base of the <strong>Lion Capital of Ashoka</strong> and forms an <strong>integral part of the Indian national emblem.</strong></li>
<li>The emblem and the words "Satyameva Jayate" are inscribed on one side of all Indian currency and national documents.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Menace of Fake News:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Fake news is untrue information presented as news. It often has the aim of <strong>damaging the reputation</strong> of a person or entity, or making money through advertising revenue.</li>
<li>Once common in the print and digital media, the <strong>prevalence of fake news has increased with the rise of social media and messengers.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Political polarization, post-truth politics, confirmation bias, and social media</strong> have been implicated in the spread of fake news.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Threats Posed</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Fake news can reduce the impact of real news by<strong> competing with it.</strong></li>
<li>In India, the spread of fake news has occurred mostly with relation to <strong>political and religious matters.</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>However, misinformation related to Covid-19 pandemic was also widely circulated.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Fake news spread through social media in the country has become a serious problem, with the potential of it resulting in <strong>mob violence.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Countermeasures</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Internet shutdowns</strong> are often used by the government as a way to control social media rumours from spreading.</li>
<li>Ideas such as<strong> linking Aadhaar to social media accounts</strong> have been suggested to the Supreme Court of India by the Attorney General.</li>
<li>In some parts of India like Kannur in Kerala, the government conducted <strong>fake news classes in government schools.</strong></li>
<li>The government is planning to conduct more public-education initiatives to make the population more aware of fake news.</li>
<li>Fact-checking has sparked the creation of <strong>fact-checking websites</strong> in India to counter fake news. For example <strong>Alt News.</strong></li>
<li>Recently, the Supreme Court has asked the Centre to provide information on the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/supreme-court-on-curbing-fake-news" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>existing legal mechanisms to deal</strong> </a>with complaints about the content on television channels. Further it has asked the Centre to create an authority to check fake news and bigotry on air.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Way Forward</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The government must take the initiative to make all sections of the population<strong> aware of the realities of this information war and evolve a consensus to fight this war.</strong> Strict action against the fake news providers.</li>
<li>Government should have an<strong> independent agency</strong> to verify the data being circulated in <strong>social and other media.</strong> The agency should be tasked with presenting real facts and figures.</li>
<li>Social media websites should be <strong>made accountable</strong> for such activities so that it becomes their responsibility to have <strong>better control over the spread of fake news.</strong></li>
<li>The <strong>artificial intelligence technologies,</strong> particularly<strong> machine learning and natural language processing,</strong> might be leveraged to combat the <strong>fake news problem.</strong></li>
<li>Programmes such as above of kerala government need to be replicated in other states to ensure students are<strong> aware of the problem of fake news</strong> and have the <strong>ability to tackle it</strong> and as well as <strong>make their families aware of it.</strong></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/kerala/kerala-govt-announces-digital-media-literacy-programme-7129258/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:IE</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 5 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7367,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Draft National Science Technology and Innovation Policy, 2020',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the draft of the <strong>5<sup>th</sup> National Science Technology and Innovation Policy (STIP)</strong> has been uploaded by the <strong>Department of Science and Technology (DST)</strong> on its website.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>This Policy will replace the <a href="/printpdf/science-technology-and-innovation-policy" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Science Technology and Innovation Policy of 2013</strong></a>.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Aim:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>To bring about <strong>profound changes through short, medium and long-term mission mode projects</strong> by building a nurtured<strong> ecosystem that promotes research and innovation</strong> on the part of both individuals and organizations.</li>
<li>To <strong>identify and address strengths and weaknesses of the Indian Science Technology and Innovation (STI) ecosystem</strong> to catalyse socio-economic development of the country and also make the Indian STI ecosystem globally competitive.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Important Provisions:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Related to Equity and Inclusion:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Gender Equality:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It proposes that at least <strong>30% representation be ensured for women</strong> in all decision-making bodies, as well as <strong>&ldquo;spousal benefits&rdquo; be provided to partners of scientists belonging to the <a href="/to-the-points/Paper2/to-the-point-paper-2-section-377-judgement" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer (LGBTQ+) community.</a></strong></li>
<li>The <strong>LGBTQ+ community</strong> should be <strong>included in all conversations</strong> related to <strong>gender equity,</strong> and provisions be made to<strong> safeguard their rights</strong> and promote their representation and retention in the science and technology sector.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Child and Elderly Care:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Child-care benefits are proposed to be made gender-neutral, </strong>and<strong> flexible work timings and adequate parental leave</strong> are to be offered to cater to maternity, childbirth and child care.</li>
<li>All publicly-funded research institutions and universities will be asked to provide <strong>day-care centres for children of employees, and also have a provision for elderly care.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>For Disabled:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>For the <strong>benefit of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/persons-with-disabilities-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener">people with disabilities</a></strong>, the policy asks all publicly-funded scientific institutions to make<strong> &ldquo;structural and cultural changes&rdquo; to support their inclusion.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Other Related Provisions:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>For age-related cut-offs in matters relating to selection, promotion, awards or grants,<strong> the &ldquo;academic age&rdquo; and not the biological age would be considered.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Removal of bars on married couples</strong> being employed in the same department or laboratory. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>As of now, married couples are not posted in the same department, leading to cases of loss of employment or forced transfers when colleagues decide to get married.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Open Science Policy (One Nation, One Subscription):</strong> To make scientific knowledge and data available to all, the government has proposed:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>To <strong>buy bulk subscriptions of all important scientific journals across the world, and provide everyone in India free access to them.</strong></li>
<li>To set up a <strong>Science, Technology and Innovation Observatory</strong> that will serve as the central repository of all kinds of data generated from scientific research in the country.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Research and Education:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It proposes to establish <strong>Education Research Centres (ERCs)</strong> and <strong>Collaborative Research Centres (CRCs)</strong> to provide research inputs to policymakers and bring together stakeholders.</li>
<li><strong>Research and Innovation Excellence Frameworks (RIEF)</strong> will be developed to enhance the quality of research along with the promotion of engagements with the relevant stakeholders.</li>
<li>A dedicated portal to provide access to the outputs of such publicly-funded research will be created through the <strong>Indian Science and Technology Archive of Research (INDSTA).</strong></li>
<li>To set up Infrastructure to <strong>boost local Research and Development capabilities</strong> and<strong> reduce large scale import</strong> in selected sectors of domestic importance such as electronic hardware for home appliances, railways, intelligent transport, clean tech, defence, etc.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>For Strengthening India's Strategic Position:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>To achieve <strong>technological self-reliance</strong> and <strong>position India among the top three scientific superpowers</strong> in the decade to come.</li>
<li>To <strong>double the number of Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) researchers, Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&amp;D (GERD)</strong> and private sector contribution to the GERD every 5 years.</li>
<li>Establishment of a <strong>Strategic Technology Board</strong> that will <strong>bridge all strategic government departments,</strong> and monitor and recommend technologies to be bought or indigenously made.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1685427#:~:text=The%20draft%20of%20the%205,now%20available%20for%20public%20consultation.&amp;text=It%20aims%20to%20foster%2C%20develop,and%20policy%20research%20in%20India." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7385,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Mera Gaon, Mera Gaurav Programme: ICAR',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, under the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/indian-council-of-agricultural-research" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)</strong></a>s initiative <strong>&lsquo;Mera Gaon Mera Gaurav&rsquo;,</strong> cleanliness drive was carried out in few villages of Goa along with guidance to village panchayats on waste disposal.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>ICAR</strong> is an autonomous organisation under the <strong>Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE),</strong> Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Mera Gaon Mera Gaurav:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The scheme was<strong> launched in 2015.</strong></li>
<li>The scheme envisages <strong>scientists to select villages as per their convenience</strong> and <strong>remain in touch with the selected villages</strong> and <strong>provide information to the farmers on technical and other related aspects of agriculture</strong> in a time frame <strong>through personal visits or on telephone.</strong></li>
<li>They may function with the help of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/krishi-vigyan-kendra-kvk-conference-2020" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs)</strong></a> and <strong>Agriculture Technology Management Agency (ATMA).</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Objective:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>To promote the <strong>direct interface of scientists</strong> with the farmers to hasten the <strong>&ldquo;lab to land&rdquo;</strong> process.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Agriculture Technology Management Agency</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It is a <strong>registered society responsible for technology dissemination at the district level.</strong> It is a focal point for integrating research extension and marketing.</li>
<li><strong>Launch:</strong> It was <strong>launched during 2005-06.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Funding:</strong> The funding pattern is <strong>90% by the central Government and 10% by the state government.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Objectives:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>To strengthen<strong> research &ndash; extension &ndash; farmer linkages.</strong></li>
<li>To provide an <strong>effective mechanism for coordination and management of activities of different agencies</strong> involved in technology adoption/validation and dissemination at the district level and below.</li>
<li>To<strong> increase the quality and type of technologies</strong> being disseminated.</li>
<li>To move towards <strong>shared ownership of the agricultural technology</strong> system by key shareholders.</li>
<li>To <strong>develop new partnerships</strong> with private institutions including NGOs.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Beneficiaries:</strong> Individual, Community, Women, Farmers/Farm Women groups.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1685062#:~:text=Under%20the%20ICAR's%20initiative%20'Mera,in%20producing%20compost%20from%20waste." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7384,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Virtual Agri-Hackathon 2020',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the Union Minister of Agriculture &amp; Farmers&rsquo; Welfare inaugurated the <strong>Virtual Agri-hackathon 2020</strong> in association with <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/indian-council-of-agricultural-research" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Indian Agricultural Research Institute</a> (IARI), Pusa, New Delhi.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>IARI</strong> is the country's <strong>premier national Institute for agricultural research, education and extension.</strong></li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About Agri-Hackathon 2020:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Objective :</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It will<strong> bring together the most important stakeholders</strong> from industry and government alongside India&rsquo;s young <strong>bright minds, creative startups and smart innovators</strong> who will build new, fast and frugal solutions to tackle the challenges of the agriculture sector.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>The Competition:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Requirement:</strong> The hackathon will <strong>accept innovations </strong>and<strong> ideas on farm mechanization, precision agriculture, supply chain </strong>and<strong> food technology, waste to wealth, green energy, </strong>etc.</li>
<li><strong>Prize: Final 24 winners</strong> will get a cash prize of <strong>Rs 1,00,000</strong> along with incubation support, tech &amp; business mentoring and various other benefits.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Significance:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>This event is very <strong>crucial from the standpoint of new technology and value addition in agriculture.</strong></li>
<li>It will help achieve<strong> doubling the farmer's income</strong> which in turn will<strong> create many growth opportunities for the entire country.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1685117" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:PIB</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 8 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7383,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Revival of Monpa Handmade Paper',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, <strong>the Monpa Handmade Paper</strong> (1000-year old heritage art) of Arunachal Pradesh has been revived by <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/important-facts-for-prelims-7th-may-2019" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC).</strong></a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1609918083_image2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1609918083_image2.jpg" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="350" caption="false" /></a></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About Monpa Handmade Paper:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The fine-textured handmade paper, which is called <strong>Mon Shugu</strong> in the local dialect, is <strong>integral to the vibrant culture</strong> of the local tribes in Tawang.</li>
<li>The paper has great historic and religious significance as it is the paper <strong>used for writing Buddhist scriptures and hymns in monasteries.</strong></li>
<li>The <strong>Monpa handmade paper</strong> is made from the <strong>bark of a local tree called Shugu Sheng,</strong> which has medicinal values too.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Monpa Handmade Paper Industry:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The art of making <strong>Monpa handmade paper</strong> originated over <strong>1000 years ago.</strong> Gradually the art became an <strong>integral part of local custom and culture</strong> in Tawang in Arunachal Pradesh.</li>
<li>Once produced in every household in Tawang, this <strong>handmade paper was a major source of livelihood for the locals.</strong></li>
<li>The handmade paper industry almost disappeared in the last 100 years.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Revival Program:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>An<strong> attempt</strong> for the revival of this handmade paper industry was made <strong>in 1994</strong> but <strong>failed.</strong></li>
<li>KVIC commissioned a Monpa handmade paper making unit in Tawang which not only aimed at reviving the art but also <strong>engaging the local youths with this art professionally and earn.</strong></li>
<li>The revival is aligned with the Prime Ministers Mantra of <a href="/current-affairs-news-analysis-editorials/news-editorials/09-06-2020" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Vocal for Local</strong></a>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Future Programs:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Tawang is also known for <strong>two other local</strong> crafts:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Handmade pottery</strong></li>
<li><strong>Handmade furniture</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>KVIC announced that within six months <strong>plans will be rolled out for revival of these two local arts.</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Revival of <strong>handmade pottery</strong> will be taken up on priority under<a href="/pdf/1605666266-kumhar-sashaktikaran-yojana.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Kumhar Sashaktikaran Yojana</strong> </a>very soon.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Kumhar Sashaktikaran Yojana (KSY): I</strong>t was launched in 2018 to strengthen and improve the living of potters in the country by making them self reliant.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC)</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>KVIC is a statutory body established under the <strong>Khadi and Village Industries Commission Act, 1956.</strong></li>
<li>The KVIC is charged with the <strong>planning, promotion, organisation and implementation of programmes for the development of Khadi and other village industries</strong> in the rural areas in coordination with other agencies engaged in rural development wherever necessary.</li>
<li>It functions under the <strong>Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises.</strong></li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1683797" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7379,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'New Industrial Infrastructure Projects',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/cabinet-committees-formed" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA)</strong></a> has approved three infrastructure proposals worth <strong>Rs 7,725 crore</strong> for setting up <strong>greenfield industrial cities</strong> with<strong> connectivity to major transportation corridors.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The cabinet also approved a modified scheme for<strong> interest subvention for <a href="/pdf/Government-Allows-Ethanol-Extraction-for-Blending-from-Foodgrains..pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Ethanol</a> production</strong> expanding the scheme to <strong>include grain based distilleries and not just molasses based ones.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The scheme would <strong>encourage ethanol production</strong> from grains like barley, maize, corn and rice and<strong> boost production and distillation capacity</strong> to 1,000 crore litres and help in meeting the <strong>goal of 20% ethanol blending with petrol by 2030.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>These projects are based on major transportation corridors like <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/dedicated-freight-corridor-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Eastern &amp; Western Dedicated Freight Corridors</a>, Expressways and <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/national-highways-authority-of-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener">National Highways</a>, proximity to ports, airports.</strong></li>
<li>This will <strong>attract investments into manufacturing and position India as a strong player in the <a href="/loksabha-rajyasabha-discussions/the-big-picture-localising-globalisation" target="_blank" rel="noopener">global value chain</a>.</strong></li>
<li>These projects will generate <strong>ample employment opportunities through</strong> development of Industrial Corridors.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Industrial Corridors</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/industrial-corridors" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Industrial corridors</strong></a> offer <strong>effective integration between industry and infrastructure,</strong> leading to overall <strong>economic and social development.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Economic Significance:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Avenues for Exports:</strong> The Industrial Corridors are likely to lower the cost of logistics thereby increasing the efficiency of industrial production structure. Such an <strong>efficiency lowers the cost of production which makes the Indian made products more competitive in international markets.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Job Opportunities:</strong> Development of Industrial Corridors would attract investments for the development of Industries which is likely to<strong> create more jobs in the market.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Logistics:</strong> These corridors would <strong>provide necessary logistics infrastructure needed to reap economies of scale,</strong> thus enabling firms to focus on their areas of core competence.</li>
<li><strong>Investment Opportunities:</strong> Industrial corridor <strong>provides opportunities for private sector investment</strong> in the provision of various infrastructure projects associated with the exploitation of industrial opportunity.</li>
<li><strong>Improved Functioning:</strong> Apart from the <strong>development of infrastructure,</strong> long-term advantages to business and industry along the corridor include benefits arising from smooth access to the industrial production units, <strong>decreased transportation and communications costs, improved delivery time and reduction in inventory cost.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Environmental Significance:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The establishment of Industrial Units in a scattered manner along the industrial corridor across the length of the state will <strong>prevent concentration of industries in one particular location which exploited the environment beyond its carrying capacity</strong> and caused environmental degradation.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Socio-Economic Significance:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The cascading effect of industrial corridors in socio-economic terms are many such as setting up of industrial townships, educational institutions, hospitals. These will further <strong>raise the standards of human development.</strong></li>
<li>Moreover, people would find job opportunities close to their homes and would not have to migrate to far-off places (would prevent distress migration).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>National Industrial Corridor Development Programme:<a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1609915159_image4.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1609915159_image4.jpg" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="750" caption="false" /></a></strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Aim:</strong> The Government of India is developing various Industrial Corridor Projects as part of the <strong>National Industrial Corridor programme</strong> which is aimed at development of futuristic industrial cities in India which can compete with the best manufacturing and investment destinations in the world.</li>
<li><strong>Administration: </strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>National Industrial Corridor Development and Implementation Trust (NICDIT)</strong> is under the administrative control of <strong>Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT)</strong> for coordinated and unified development of all the industrial corridors which are at various stages of development and implementation.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>It is India's most ambitious infrastructure programme aiming to develop new industrial cities as <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/smart-cities-command-centres#:~:text=Smart%20City%20Mission,create%20smart%20outcomes%20for%20citizens." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>"Smart Cities"</strong></a> and <strong>converging next generation technologies</strong> across infrastructure sectors.</li>
<li>11 Industrial Corridors Projects are being taken up for development with 30 Projects to be developed in <strong>04 phases up to 2024-25:</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Way Forward</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>To make the corridors successful, India has to be part of the <strong>Industrial Revolution 4.0,</strong> which will be <strong>shaped by a fresh wave of innovation</strong> in areas such as smart robotics, materials that are lighter and tougher, and a manufacturing process built around 3D printing and analytics.</li>
<li><strong>Industrial corridors will help India&rsquo;s efforts to lead the world in the fourth wave of industrial revolution.</strong> Effective execution of this plan could make India take a major leap in the race of development</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/government-approves-multi-modal-logistics-and-transport-hub-at-greater-noida/article33453779.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 10 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7347,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Protests Against Eco-sensitive Zones in Narmada District',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently,<strong> tribal communities in Gujarat have been protesting</strong> against the <strong>Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change</strong> (MoEFCC) order classifying 121 villages around the <strong>Shoolpaneshwar Wildlife Sanctuary</strong> in <strong>Narmada district as <a href="/to-the-points/paper3/eco-sensitive-zones" target="_blank" rel="noopener">eco-sensitive zones.</a></strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>They have appealed to the centre to withdraw the notification to mitigate the protests.</li>
<li>Tribes like <strong>Tadvi and Vasava</strong> have been concerned ever since <strong>Kevadia village</strong> of Narmada district was developed into a<strong> tourism circuit around the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/statue-of-unity" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Statue of Unity</a></strong> (SoU).</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Reasons Behind Protests:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Land falling in the eco-sensitive zone,</strong> including land used for agricultural use and plots reserved for parks, <strong>cannot be transferred for non-agricultural use</strong> for commercial, industrial or residential purposes.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Any land that needs to be transferred can be done so <strong>only after approval from the state government.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>A process has been initiated to include the <strong>state government as the co-owner</strong> of the land in the 121 villages.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Tribals are apprehensive of the order as they <strong>were not taken into confidence.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The notification, combined with the formation of the <strong>SoU Tourism Authority</strong> (SoUTA or also known as the <strong>SoU Area Development and Tourism Governance Authority</strong>), has <strong>increased administrative needs owing to the booming tourism</strong> and has <strong>left tribals in a state of mistrust and fear.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>They feel the simultaneous implementation of the two government decisions <strong>could dilute the &ldquo;power&rdquo; vested with villagers under the Panchayat (Extension of Scheduled Areas) Act</strong> (PESA Act), <strong>1996,</strong> implemented in areas notified under <strong>Schedule V</strong> of the Constitution.</li>
<li><strong>Fifth and Sixth Schedules</strong> provide for <strong>alternate or special governance mechanisms for certain schedule areas.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Panchayat (Extension of Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Gujarat notified the <strong>State PESA Rules in January 2017,</strong> applicable in 4,503 gram sabhas in eight districts of the state.</li>
<li>The Act promised a<strong> separate security force for the gram sabhas</strong> that would have complete power to decide their issues.</li>
<li>The provisions of the law deem the<strong> gram sabhas as &ldquo;most competent&rdquo; to deal with matters related to their territories</strong> for safeguarding their customs, traditions as well as the natural resources in the tribal areas.</li>
<li>However, the<strong> Act has not been enforced in letter and spirit,</strong> according to legal experts.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Statue of Unity Tourism Authority</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The government passed the <strong>SoU Area Development and Tourism Governance Authority or the SoU Tourism Authority</strong> (SoUTA) <strong>Bill in 2019.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The Bill<strong> sets aside Rs. 10 crore</strong> from the <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/non-utilisation-of-cesses-levies#:~:text=States%20as%20devolution.-,Consolidated%20Fund%20of%20India,and%20all%20non%2Dtax%20revenues." target="_blank" rel="noopener">consolidated fund</a> of the state</strong> for the discharge of functions and duties by SoUTA.</li>
<li>While activists and legal experts feel the Act will overpower the provisions of PESA, officials say rules of SoUTA are yet to be clarified.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Functions:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It will <strong>largely work as a local body that will prepare and execute a development plan</strong> or a town planning scheme, remove encroachments and provide civic amenities like water supply, transportation, power supply, drainage, hospitals, medical services, schools, public parks, markets, shopping places, and disposal of waste, among others.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Powers:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Acquiring immovable property</strong> under the <strong>Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Taking punitive action</strong> against those violating/encroaching it.</li>
<li><strong>Defining the limits</strong> of the tourism development area.</li>
<li><strong>Persons authorised can enter any land or building</strong> between sunrise and sunset by giving its occupant a notice of at least 24 hours.</li>
<li><strong>Shields the authority and its members from any legal proceeding or prosecution</strong> for anything which is in good faith done or intended to be done in pursuance of the provisions of this Act or any rules or regulations made thereunder.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Assistance:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Police can assist the authority in prohibiting any nuisance</strong> being caused or prevent any such activity, process, the operation being carried out, if it opines that it will damage or deteriorate the &ldquo;tourism potentiality&rdquo; of the area.</li>
<li><strong>Expenses and costs incurred,</strong> if any, in removing or abating such nuisance, shall be<strong> recovered as an arrear of land revenue from the person who has caused such nuisance.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Punishments:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Persons who fail to comply with directions given by the authority shall be <strong>punishable with imprisonment for up to a month</strong> or with a <strong>fine up to Rs. 50,000, or both.</strong> The offence will also be treated as <strong>&ldquo;<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/re-imagining-cognizable-offences#:~:text=In%20cognisable%20offences%2C%20an%20officer,necessary%20on%20certain%20enumerated%20bases." target="_blank" rel="noopener">cognisable</a> and non-bailable&rdquo;.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Shoolpaneshwar Wildlife Sanctuary</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It was first declared a<strong> protected area in 1982.</strong></li>
<li>An area of 150.87 sq. km was called the <strong>&lsquo;Dumkhal Sanctuary&rsquo;,</strong> specifically created for the<strong> protection of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/nandankanan-zoological-park-odisha" target="_blank" rel="noopener">sloth bears</a>.</strong></li>
<li>In the years <strong>1987 and 1989, more land was attributed</strong> to conservation and the area of the sanctuary enlarged to 607.70 sq km. It was then <strong>renamed</strong> &lsquo;Shoolpaneshwar Sanctuary&rsquo;.</li>
<li><strong>Flora:</strong> It is made up of a mixed forest of teak, riverine forest and deciduous dry jungles.</li>
<li><strong>Fauna:</strong> Sloth bear, Leopard, Rhesus macaque, Four Horned antelope, Barking deer, Pangolin, Herpetofauna, birds including Alexandrine parakeet.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><strong><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/gujarat-narmada-district-eco-sensitive-zone-protests-7125774/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Source: IE</a></strong></p>',
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	(int) 11 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7346,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Assam’s Bill on Madrasa Conversion',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The Assam Assembly has recently <strong>passed a Bill</strong> to convert <strong>state-run madrasas</strong> into <strong>regular schools -</strong> removing them from the<strong> status of centres for religious education.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Cabinet has also decided that the existing provincialised<strong> Sanskrit tols will be converted to &ldquo;study centres, research centres and institutions to study the Certificate/ Diploma/ Degree courses&rdquo;</strong> to be started by<strong> Kumar Bhaskar Varma Sanskrit and Ancient Studies University, Nalbari</strong> with effect from 1<sup>st</sup> April 2022.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The <strong>Assam Repealing Bill, 2020</strong> was brought to repeal<strong> two existing Acts:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The Assam Madrassa Education (Provincialisation) Act, 1995.</li>
<li>The Assam Madrassa Education (Provincialisation of Services of Employees and Re-Organisation of Madrassa Educational Institutions) Act, 2018.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The new legislation also covers <strong>private-run madrasas</strong> that are run under the state boards although <strong>private-run madrasas which are not under any state board </strong>will <strong>remain outside its purview.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>In English, the term madrasah or "madrasa" usually refers <strong>more narrowly to Islamic institutions of learning.</strong></li>
<li>Historians and other scholars also employ the term to refer to <strong>historical madrasah institutions throughout the Muslim world,</strong> which is to <strong>say a college/school where Islamic law was taught along with other secondary subjects.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The Madrasas run by the Board of Secondary Education, Assam (SEBA) will have <strong>&lsquo;madrasa&rsquo;</strong> dropped from their names and function as <strong>regular schools.</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The staff of the madrasas, especially those teachers teaching religious subjects,<strong> will be retained.</strong> They will be either trained to teach other subjects or in some other capacity.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>It is said to be a move to <strong>empower the Muslim community.</strong></li>
<li>The bill is being said to follow the ideals of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/dr-b-r-ambedkar-s-129th-birth-anniversary" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>B R Ambedkar</strong></a>. He had said that <strong>religious instruction should have no place in curriculum.</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The Quran should not be taught on government expenditure because the Bible or the Bhagavad Gita or texts of other religions are not taught on it.</li>
<li>The government<strong> spends Rs. 260 crore</strong> on madrasas and the Sanskrit &ldquo;tols&rdquo; (sanskrit learning centres) <strong>annually.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Further,<strong> secularism is one of the &lsquo;basic features&rsquo; of the Constitution.</strong></li>
<li>The government <strong>aspires</strong> that in the future a law is made to <strong>make private madrasas teach science, maths and other subjects along with religious subjects.</strong></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/assam/assam-passes-bill-to-turn-madrasas-into-regular-schools-7126938/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:IE</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 12 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7342,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'TiHAN-IIT: Testbed for Autonomous Navigation Systems',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The foundation stone of<strong> &lsquo;TiHAN-IIT Hyderabad&rsquo;,</strong> India&rsquo;s <strong>first Testbed for Autonomous Navigation Systems</strong> (Terrestrial and Aerial) has been laid recently.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Background:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The Department of Science and Technology (DST) had sanctioned<strong> Rs. 135 crores</strong> to <strong>IIT Hyderabad</strong> (IIT-H) under the <a href="/printpdf/national-mission-on-interdisciplinary-cyber-physical-systems" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber-Physical Systems</strong></a> (NM-ICPS) to set up a <strong>Technology Innovation Hub on Autonomous Navigation and Data Acquisition Systems</strong> (UAVs, RoVs, etc.)</li>
<li>The Technology Innovation Hub for <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/digital-sky-platform-drone-regulation-1-0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Unmanned Aerial Vehicles</strong></a> (UAVs) and Remotely Operated Vehicles (RoVs) at IIT Hyderabad, known as <strong>'TiHAN Foundation'</strong> was incorporated as a <a href="/loksabha-rajyasabha-discussions/in-depth-the-companies-amendment-bill-2020" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Section-8 company</strong></a> by the institute in June 2020.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It is a multi-departmental initiative including researchers from electrical, computer science, mechanical and aerospace, civil, mathematics, and design at IIT-H with collaboration and support from reputed institutions and industry.</li>
<li>It is a great step towards<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/economic-stimulus-ii" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> &lsquo;Atmanibhar Bharat&rsquo;</strong></a>, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/the-problem-of-skilling-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>&lsquo;Skill India&rsquo;</strong></a> and <a href="/loksabha-rajyasabha-discussions/in-depth-digital-india#:~:text=Initiatives%20launched%20by%20the%20Government,need%20to%20carry%20physical%20documents." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>&lsquo;Digital India&rsquo;</strong></a>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>TiHAN-IIT:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It will <strong>facilitate research grounds</strong> to investigate the <strong>functioning of unmanned and connected vehicles</strong> in a controlled environment by replicating different scenarios, ranging from frequently occurring to extreme cases that may ensue in real-life traffic operations.</li>
<li>At present, there is<strong> no such testbed facility in India</strong> to evaluate the autonomous navigation of vehicles. Therefore, it is envisioned to address this gap by developing a fully functional and exemplary testbed facility dedicated to <strong>connected autonomous vehicles</strong> (CAVs).<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Connected vehicles</strong> use<strong> technology to either communicate with each other,</strong> connect with <strong>traffic signals, signs, and other road items, or obtain data from a cloud.</strong> This information exchange helps with <strong>safety and improves traffic flow.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>This hub focuses on addressing various challenges hindering the<strong> real-time adoption of unmanned autonomous vehicles</strong> for both<strong> terrestrial and aerial applications.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Primary focus includes:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Research &amp; Technology development</strong> in the area of Autonomous Navigation and Data Acquisition Systems (UAVs, RoVs).</li>
<li><strong>Industry Collaborations :</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Joint R&amp;D Initiatives, Consultancy, Technology Outreach Schemes, Training of Industry Personnel, Continuing Education.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Human resource &amp; Skill development.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Innovation, Entrepreneurship &amp; Start-up Ecosystem:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Start-ups and Incubation in the Technology Vertical, Attracting Private Funding (<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/injeti-srinivas-committee-report-on-csr" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Corporate Social Responsibility</strong></a>, Voluntary Contributions and equity based), Technology Commercialization.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>International Collaborations :</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Academia &amp; Industry, Faculty/Student Exchange Programs.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Features of TiHAN-IIT:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Total Area:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>2 Acres of land</strong> has already been allocated in the IIT Hyderabad campus and the facilities are planned in phases.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Facilities:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Test Tracks, Emulation of Real-World Scenarios, State of the Art Simulation Technologies, Road Infrastructure, Drone Runways and Landing Area, Mechanical Integration Facility, Centralized Control Room/Ground Control Station, Smart Poles etc.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Promotion to research:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The developed test bed will be available for use<strong> by all the industries, R&amp;D labs, academia conducting research and development</strong> in the broad areas of <strong>autonomous navigation.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1609752721_image7.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1609752721_image7.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="400" caption="false" /></strong></a></p>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber-Physical Systems</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The NM-ICPS is a comprehensive Mission aimed at <strong>complete convergence with all stakeholders by establishing strong linkages between academia, industry, Government and International Organizations.</strong> The Mission will work with all the concerned Ministries/Departments to identify their technology needs, develop solutions and technical support in CPS implementation.</li>
<li>It will secure India's future by creation of a<strong> Cyber-Physical System</strong> ecosystem.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Cyber-Physical System (CPS)<strong> combines digital/cyber elements with physical objects</strong> (e.g. machines, autonomous vehicles) and data with capabilities of communication, data collection &amp; processing, computing, decision making and action.</li>
<li>CPS is an integrated system involving <strong>Sensors, Communication, Actuators, Control, interconnected computing networks and data analytics.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Few Potential applications:</strong> Driverless cars that communicate securely with each other on smart roads, Sensors in the home to detect changing health conditions, etc.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>The Mission has four major activities:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Technology Development,</li>
<li>Human Resource &amp; Skill Development,</li>
<li>Innovation, Entrepreneurship &amp; Start-Up Ecosystem and</li>
<li>International Collaborations.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1684372" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7348,
		'category_id' => (int) 22,
		'title' => 'Biodiversity Conservation and Indigenous People',
		'description' => '<div class="border">
<p>This article is based upon <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/the-tragedy-of-conservation/article33447813.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>&ldquo;The Tragedy of Conservation''</strong> </a>which was published in The Hindu on 30 December 2020. It focuses upon the plight of the indigenous people of the Western Ghats and the poor implementation of the Forest Rights Act, 2006.</p>
</div>
<p>India has managed to conserve such a diversity of wildlife despite its large population and development challenges. The reverence that local communities have for Nature has been vital for the government&rsquo;s sustained success and other agencies&rsquo; conservation efforts.</p>
<p>However, the government&rsquo;s conservation activities have created fear amongst the indigenous people for losing their existence in lands that they had inhabited for decades.</p>
<p>In this context, proper implementation of the Forests Rights Act, 2006 is required, as the Act envisages protecting the indigenous people&rsquo;s interests and balancing the right to the environment with their right to life and livelihood.</p>
<h3>Role of the Indigenous People In Conservation</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Conserving Natural Flora:</strong> The magico-religious belief of plants&rsquo; tribal communities as a god and goddess habitat leads to their conservation in their natural habitat.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Further, a wide variety of plants such as crop plants, wild fruits, seeds, bulb, roots and tubers are conserved by the ethnic and indigenous people as they have to depend on these sources for edible purposes.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Application of Traditional Knowledge:</strong> Indigenous people and biodiversity complement each other.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Over time, the rural communities have gathered a pool of indigenous knowledge for the cultivation of the medicinal plants and their propagation.</li>
<li>These plants conserved are antidotes to snake bites and scorpion bites or even for broken bones or orthopaedic treatments.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Conserving the Sacred Groves:</strong> India&rsquo;s ethnic people have played a vital role in preserving the biodiversity of several virgin forests and have conserved flora and fauna in sacred groves of tribals. Otherwise, these flora and fauna might have disappeared from the natural ecosystem.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Plight of the Indigenous People</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Disruption After Designation of the Status of World Heritage Site:</strong> The approach adopted to isolate the indigenous people from their natural habitats to protect biodiversity is the root cause of conflict between them and conservationists. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>With the announcement of natural habitat as a <strong><a href="/to-the-points/paper1/world-heritage-sites-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener">World Heritage Site</a></strong>, <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/unesco-5" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>UNESCO</strong></a> takes charge of the region&rsquo;s conservation.</li>
<li>This leads to an infusion of many outside people and technological equipment, which in turn disrupt the lives of the Indigenous people.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Lax implementation of the Forest Rights Act:</strong> Many states in India have a dismal record in implementing the Forest Rights Act (FRA). <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>This can be reflected with the fact that states like Karnataka had recognised only 5.7% of the total claims made.</li>
<li>Further, the FRA&rsquo;s constitutionality has been challenged in the Supreme Court several times by various conservation organisations. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>One of the petitioners&rsquo; key arguments has been that it is beyond the legislative competence of Parliament to enact the FRA as &lsquo;land&rsquo; is a state subject.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Development vs Conservation:</strong> Often, the combined stretch of land claimed by Indigenous people has been taken away for building dams, mining, laying railway lines and roads, power plants, etc. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Moreover, forcibly removing tribal peoples from their land will only result in environmental damage and violate human rights.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Illegal Encroachment of Land:</strong> The government records also reveal that 43 lakh hectares of forest land encroached legally and illegally until 1980 when the Forest Conservation Act came into force.</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>The Forest Rights Act (FRA)</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>A dramatic shift in the Indian conservation paradigm came in 2006 through the Forest Rights Act that went beyond sanctioning local usage, to conferring local communities&rsquo; rights over forest land and produce. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The Ministry of Tribal Affairs was mandated to operationalise the Act, while conservation remained under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The Forest Rights Act (FRA) is legislation which aims to address the historical injustice that our forest-dwelling communities have had to face for nearly 150 years by providing them with the security of tenure over land for cultivation and habitation through individual rights. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It also provides access to various resources through more than a dozen types of community forest rights.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The FRA also empowers forest-dwelling communities to protect, regenerate, conserve and manage any community forest resource which they have been traditionally protecting and preserving for sustainable use.</li>
<li>It has the provision for creating critical wildlife habitats within protected areas which currently is the most robust conservation provision among existing laws of the country.</li>
<li>The FRA does not sanction any fresh clearance of forest, as individual rights over land will only be granted if the forest dweller owned that parcel of land on December 13, 2005.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>Way Forward</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Recognition of the Rights of the Indigenous People:</strong> For preserving the rich biodiversity of the region, the recognition of the rights of the forest dwellers who depend on the forests is as important as the declaration of natural habitat as a World Heritage Site.</li>
<li><strong>Effective Implementation of the FRA:</strong> The government must make an effort to build trust between its agencies in the area and the people who depend on these forests by treating them as equal citizens like everyone else in the country.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The FRA&rsquo;s loopholes have already been identified; all it needs is to work on amending it.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Traditional Knowledge of the Tribal People for Conservation:</strong> The Biodiversity Act, 2002 mentions about the equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the use and knowledge of biological resources with the local communities.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Therefore, all the stakeholders should realise that indigenous people&rsquo;s traditional knowledge is a way forward for more effective conservation of biodiversity.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Tribals, The Forest Scientists:</strong> Tribal peoples are generally regarded as the best conservationists, as they connect with nature more spiritually. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The cheapest and quickest way to conserve areas of high biodiversity is to respect tribal peoples&rsquo; rights.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Conclusion</h3>
<p>As the indigenous people are integral to conservation as they relate with it in a more integrated and spiritual way, a sense of respect needs to be developed for the indigenous people; their presence helps in the conservation of biodiversity.</p>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 100%; border-style: dotted; border-color: #ff0000; background-color: #fefff5;">
<p><span style="color: #000080;"><em><strong>Drishti Mains Question</strong></em></span></p>
<p>Discuss the role and challenges of the Indigenous People in the conservation of environment and biodiversity.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
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		'article_id' => (int) 7338,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Data on Police Organisations: BPRD',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/national-conference-on-women-in-police-and-capfs" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Bureau of Police Research and Development</strong></a> (BPRD) has released <strong>data on police organisations.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It shows <strong>different aspects of policing</strong> in the country like woman police, police expenditure, constabulary ratio, transport facilities, communication facilities, representation of various castes and police training centres.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>General Data:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The government has spent<strong> Rs. 1,566.85 crore</strong> in <strong>2019-20</strong> for expenditure and police training.</li>
<li>It highlights that <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/constitutional-status-for-national-commission-for-backward-classes" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Backward Classes</strong></a>, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/reimagining-the-national-commission-for-scheduled-castes" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Dalits</strong></a> <strong>and <a href="/summary-of-important-reports/xaxa-committee-on-tribal-communities-of-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Tribals</a> constitute almost 67%</strong> of India&rsquo;s population, but their<strong> representation in police forces</strong> in the country is <strong>only at 51%.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The goal of <strong>proportionate representation has remained unfulfilled despite</strong> all state governments providing <a href="/to-the-points/Paper2/reservation-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>reservation</strong></a> to these categories.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Vacant Posts:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Over 5.31 lakh posts in police forces of different states and 1.27 lakh posts in<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/central-armed-police-force-capf" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Central Armed Police Forces</strong></a> (CAPF) are lying vacant. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The figures include civil police, district armed police, special armed police and India Reserve Battalions.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Scheduled Tribes:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>They form 8.6% of the population and have 12% representation in the police forces, placing them at a comparatively better position.</li>
<li>Only <strong>STs have better representation</strong> in police forces in comparison to their share in population while all other backward classes fare poorly.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Dalits:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>14% of all positions in police forces across the country were represented by Dalits at the end of 2019.</li>
<li>According to<strong> Census 2011,</strong> Dalits make up 16.6% of India&rsquo;s population.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Other Backward Classes:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>OBCs fare the <strong>worst on the representation front</strong> as, despite their 41% share in the population, they constitute only 25% of the police forces.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Women:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Women are <strong>highly under-represented</strong> with 10% share in the actual strength of the police in the country, even though their share in population is 48%.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>However, their situation has improved considerably over the past years as the actual strength of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/a-model-policy-for-women-in-the-police" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>women in police forces</strong></a> has almost doubled since 2014.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Women population per woman police ratio</strong> stands at 3,026 nationally which is very low.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Poor representation of women in the police is posing <strong>serious challenges in dealing with crimes against women and women criminals.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Other Ratios:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Sanctioned <strong>Population Per Police Person</strong> (PPP) is 511.81.</li>
<li>Sanctioned <strong>Police Population Ratio</strong> (PPR) is 195.39.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It is the number of police personnel per one lakh of the population which has declined from 198 in 2018.</li>
<li>The<strong> UN-mandated police-population ratio</strong> is over 220.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Sanctioned<strong> Police Area Ratio</strong> (PAR) per 100 sq km is 79.80.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1609322056_image7.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1609322056_image7.jpg" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="350" caption="false" /></a></p>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Bureau of Police Research and Development</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Government of India established it <strong>under the Ministry of Home Affairs in 1970.</strong></li>
<li>It replaced the<strong> Police Research and Advisory Council</strong> (1966), with the primary <strong>objective of modernization of the police force.</strong></li>
<li>In <strong>1995,</strong> the Government<strong> decided to entrust issues relating to Correctional Administration Work</strong> to the BPR&amp;D.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Thereby BPRD has to <strong>ensure the implementation of prison reforms</strong> as well.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The Government of India decided to create a <strong>National Police Mission</strong> under the administrative control of BPR&amp;D to transform the police forces in the country.</li>
<li>In<strong> August 2020,</strong> it observed its <strong>50<sup>th</sup> foundation day.</strong></li>
<li>It has been<strong> publishing the data on police organisations since 1986.</strong></li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/obcs-constitute-25-of-police-sts-get-better-representation-data-7125536/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: IE</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7337,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Dedicated Freight Corridor',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the Prime Minister of India has inaugurated a<strong> 351-km</strong> section of the<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/eastern-dedicated-freight-corridor" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor (EDFC)</strong> </a>and an <strong>Operation Control Centre (OCC)</strong> between<strong> Khurja and Bhaupur</strong> in Uttar Pradesh.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>EDFC</strong> is a <strong>1,839-km</strong> project billed as the <strong>largest rail infrastructure</strong> being built in independent India and has been in the making since<strong> 2006.</strong></li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC):</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is a<strong> high speed and high capacity railway corridor that is exclusively meant for the transportation of freight,</strong> or in other words, goods and commodities.</li>
<li>DFC involves the <strong>seamless integration of better infrastructure</strong> and state of the art technology.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>DFC</strong> consists of<strong> two arms:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor (EDFC):</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It starts at <strong>Sahnewal (Ludhiana) in Punjab </strong>and ends at<strong> Dankuni in West Bengal.</strong></li>
<li>The EDFC route has<strong> coal mines, thermal power plants and industrial cities.</strong> Feeder routes are also being made for these.</li>
<li>The EDFC route covers Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal</li>
<li><a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/world-bank-group" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>The World Bank</strong></a> is <strong>funding</strong> a majority of the EDFC.</li>
<li>The <strong>351-km-long &lsquo;New Bhaupur-New Khurja section&rsquo;</strong> will decongest the existing Kanpur-Delhi main line and double the speed of freight trains from 25 kmph to 75 kmph.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Western Dedicated Freight Corridor (WDFC):</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The other arm is the around <strong>1,500-km WDFC from Dadri in Uttar Pradesh</strong> to <a href="/printpdf/kolkata-port-trust" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust</strong> </a><strong>in Mumbai,</strong> touching all <strong>major ports</strong> along the way.</li>
<li>The WDFC covers Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh.</li>
<li>It is <strong>being funded by the Japan International Cooperation Agency.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Connecting Link for Eastern and Western Arm:</strong> It is under construction between <strong>Dadri and Khurja.</strong></li>
<li>The <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/delhi-mumbai-industrial-corridor" target="_blank" rel="noopener">industrial corridor of Delhi-Mumbai</a> and Amritsar-Kolkata</strong> are also being developed around both these DFCs.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1609321200_image6.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1609321200_image6.jpg" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="650" caption="false" /></a></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Significance:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Increased Capacity:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The DFC shall reform the transportation sector and will <strong>create more capacity on trunk routes of Indian Railways</strong> as goods trains shall be able to run freely on DFC without any restrictions imposed by movement of passenger trains.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Decongestion:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Around<strong> 70% of the freight trains</strong> currently running on the Indian Railway network are slated to <strong>shift to the freight corridors,</strong> leaving the<strong> paths open for more passenger trains.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Business Generation:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Tracks on DFC are designed to carry heavier loads than most of Indian Railways. DFC will get track access charge from the parent Indian Railways, and also <strong>generate its own freight business.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Punctuality:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The new section means on the Indian Railway main line,<strong> more passenger trains</strong> can be pumped in and those trains can, in turn, achieve <strong>better punctuality.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Benefits:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Logistics costs will be reduced.</li>
<li>Higher energy efficiency.</li>
<li>Faster movement of goods.</li>
<li>It is environmentally friendly.</li>
<li>It will provide <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/what-makes-doing-business-easier#:~:text=In%20the%20latest%20ranking%20for,77th%20position%20last%20year.&amp;text=India's%20score%20improved%20from%2067.23,)%20to%2071.0%20(2020)." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>ease of doing business.</strong></a></li>
<li>Helps in generating more employment.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India Ltd.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>DFCCIL under the <strong>Ministry of Railways</strong> is a <strong>special purpose vehicle tasked with planning and completion of 3,306 kms of DFCs.</strong></li>
<li>It is <strong>headquartered in New Delhi</strong> and is a <strong>Public Sector Undertaking (PSU).</strong></li>
<li>It engages in the <strong>planning and development, deployment of monetary resources, building, upkeep, and the operation</strong> of the DFCs.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-why-dedicated-freight-corridor-matters-for-railways-the-country-7125450/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:IE</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 16 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7335,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => '100th Kisan Rail',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Recently, the Prime Minister has flagged off the <strong>100<sup>th</sup> &ldquo;Kisan Rail&rdquo;</strong> service from <strong>Sangola in Solapur district of Maharashtra to Shalimar in West Bengal</strong> via video-conferencing.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>In <strong>August 2020,</strong> the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/first-kisan-rail" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>first</strong> </a><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/first-kisan-rail" target="_blank" rel="noopener">&lsquo;Kisan Rail&rsquo;</a> dedicated to agriculture and farmers</strong> was begun to connect farmers and markets across the country.</li>
<li>The government has invested crores of rupees in <strong>modernising the country&rsquo;s supply chain,</strong> of which the Kisan Rail service is a new experiment.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Announcements regarding <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/union-budget-2020-21-social-sector-and-infrastructure" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>modernising agriculture</strong> </a>were made in the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/union-budget-2020-21-highlights" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Budget 2020-21</strong></a> which had envisaged the<strong> Kisan Rail service</strong> and the <strong>Krishi Udaan scheme.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Krishi Udaan</strong> was launched by the<strong> Ministry of Civil Aviation on international and national routes</strong> to assist farmers in<strong> transporting agricultural products</strong> so that it<strong> improves their value realisation.</strong></li>
<li>Under the scheme, financial incentives in terms of concessions from the Centre, state governments and airport operators are extended to selected airlines to encourage operations from unserved and underserved airports, and keep airfares affordable.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Despite the challenges posed by the<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/covid-19-now-pandemic-who" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Covid-19 pandemic</strong></a>, the &lsquo;Kisan Rail&rsquo; network has expanded in the past four months.</li>
<li>Earlier, the Kisan Rail was <strong>being run only once a week</strong> but now, due to increased demand, it is <strong>being run thrice a week</strong> currently.</li>
<li><strong>Significance:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>This experiment will prove especially <strong>beneficent for the country&rsquo;s 80% small and marginal farmers.</strong></li>
<li>The service would<strong> transform the economics of Indian agriculture</strong> while <strong>strengthening the <a href="/to-the-points/paper3/food-processing-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener">country&rsquo;s cold supply chain.</a></strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The lack of cold storage facilities had often resulted in losses for farmers.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Indian farmers can now <strong>transport their produce to far-flung places</strong> within the country as well as <strong>gain access to international markets.</strong></li>
<li>According to the government, the <strong>Kisan Rail service</strong> along with the<a href="/to-the-points/paper3/agricultural-reforms" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> amended farm laws</strong> </a>would help protect farmers against the fluctuations in demand and supply.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/centre-trying-to-expand-markets-for-farmers-pm/article33441310.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7333,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'National Summit on Good, Replicable Practices & Innovations',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The Union Minister of Health and Family Welfare digitally inaugurated the<strong> 7<sup>th</sup> National Summit on Good, Replicable Practices &amp; Innovations</strong> through a video conference.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The <strong>New Health Management Information System</strong> (HMIS) along with the <strong>Operational Guidelines for <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/global-tuberculosis-report-2019-who#:~:text=The%20strategy%20aims%20to%20end,2020%2C%202025%2C%20and%202030." target="_blank" rel="noopener">Tuberculosis</a> services at <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/ayushmanbharat" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Ayushman Bharat-Health and Wellness Centres</a></strong> and the <strong>Operational Guidelines 2020 on Active Case Detection and Regular Surveillance for <a href="/mind-map/gs-paper2/leprosy-4" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Leprosy</a></strong> was launched at the Summit.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About the Summit:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The <strong>Ministry of Health &amp; Family Welfare</strong> holds the <strong>National Summit on Good, Replicable Practices and Innovations in Public Healthcare Systems in India.</strong></li>
<li>The<strong> first such summit was held in 2013 at Srinagar</strong> to recognize, showcase and document <strong>various best practices and innovations in the public healthcare system.</strong></li>
<li>The practices and innovation presented in these summits span across programmatic areas ranging from <strong>RMNCH+A (Reproductive, Maternal, Neonatal, Child Health and Adolescent Health) </strong>to<strong> communicable diseases</strong> (including Tuberculosis, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/world-malaria-day" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Malaria</strong> </a>and other vector borne diseases and Leprosy) to new areas of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/non-communicable-diseases-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Non-Communicable Disease</strong></a> control programmes.</li>
<li>They also include innovations that apply systems thinking to health problems such as the use of information technology to strengthen continuum of care, and to address human resource shortages and challenges in capacity building.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Highlights of the 7<sup>th</sup> National Summit:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>In the year 2020, 210 new initiatives were uploaded by the States and UTs in the <strong>National Healthcare Innovation Portal.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>National Health Innovation Portal was launched to serve as a platform in the public domain to facilitate<strong> collection and dissemination of good practices and innovations</strong> that are found to be replicable.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The <a href="/printpdf/covid-19-now-pandemic-who" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Covid-19 pandemic</strong></a> has made the country <strong>self-reliant</strong> in the area of manufacturing of <strong>PPE kit, Ventilator, mask, vaccine</strong> etc.</li>
<li>More than<strong> 1 million tele-consultations</strong> have been done on the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/telemedicine-service-platform-esanjeevani" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>e-Sanjeevani digital platform of the Health Ministry.</strong></a><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>e-Sanjeevani is a doctor to <strong>doctor telemedicine system, b</strong>eing implemented under the <strong>Ayushman Bharat Health and Wellness Centre (AB-HWCs) programme.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Department of Health and Family Welfare</strong> has won the <strong>Digital India award 2020</strong> under the<strong> Open Data Champion category</strong> for the<strong> e-Sanjeevani digital platform.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The <strong>National Informatics Centre (NIC),</strong> under Ministry of Electronics and IT (MeitY), has been conducting the <strong>biennial Digital India Awards</strong> to promote innovation in <strong>eGovernance and digital transformation of government service delivery mechanism.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Digital transformation has enabled the country to develop a national digital health ecosystem that supports <strong>Universal Health Coverage</strong> in an<strong> efficient, accessible, inclusive, affordable, timely and safe manner.</strong></li>
<li>There is a need to <strong>involve and integrate</strong> the <strong>grassroots healthcare workers</strong> for brainstorming on the innovations in the healthcare ecosystem, and benefit from the collective wisdom which emanates from<strong> years of experience and expertise</strong> of working with people&rsquo;s health delivery systems.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Recent Examples of Health Digitisation:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><a href="/printpdf/national-digital-health-mission" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>National Digital Health Mission (NDHM):</strong></a><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The <strong>NDHM</strong> is a<strong> complete digital health ecosystem.</strong> The digital platform will be launched with <strong>four key features:</strong> health ID, personal health records, Digi Doctor and health facility registry.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong><a href="/pdf/1590581234-arogya-setu-app-an-open-source.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Aarogya Setu App</a>:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It has an objective of enabling bluetooth based contact tracing and mapping of likely hotspots and dissemination of relevant information about Covid-19.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Health Management Information System</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It is a <strong>Government to Government (G2G) web-based Monitoring Information System</strong> to monitor the <a href="/printpdf/national-health-mission-and-janani-suraksha-yojana" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>National Health Mission</strong></a> and other Health programmes and provide key inputs for policy formulation and appropriate programme interventions.</li>
<li>HMIS was launched in <strong>October 2008.</strong> Currently, around 2 lakh health facilities (across all States/UTs) upload facility wise<strong> service delivery data</strong> on monthly basis, <strong>training data</strong> on quarterly basis and <strong>infrastructure related data</strong> on annual basis on HMIS web portal.</li>
<li>HMIS has been utilised in<strong> Grading of Health Facilities, identifications of <a href="/search/Aspirational%20districts%20programme" target="_blank" rel="noopener">aspirational districts</a>, review of State Programme Implementation Plan</strong> (PIPs), etc.</li>
<li>The analytical reports generated through HMIS also <strong>provide gap analysis and evidence based course correction.</strong></li>
<li>HMIS <strong>captures facility-wise information</strong> as follows:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Service Delivery</strong> (Reproductive, Maternal and Child Health related, Immunisation, family planning, Vector borne disease, Tuberculosis, Morbidity and Mortality, OPD, IPD Services, Surgeries etc.) data on a monthly basis.</li>
<li><strong>Training Data</strong> (Trainings imparted to Medicals and Paramedics staff at District and State level data) on quarterly basis.</li>
<li><strong>Infrastructure</strong> (Manpower, Equipment, Cleanliness, Building, Availability of Medical Services such as Surgery etc., Super Specialties services such as Cardiology etc., Diagnostics, Para Medical and Clinical Services etc.) data on annual basis.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The HMIS Portal facilitates the flow of physical performance from the Facility level to the <strong>Sub-district, District, State and National level</strong> using a web based Health Management Information System (HMIS) interface.</li>
<li>The new HMIS provides a <strong>seamless online platform</strong> through the provision of a wide range of data, information and infrastructure services, duly leveraging <strong>open, interoperable, standards-based digital systems.</strong></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1684130" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:PIB</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 18 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7332,
		'category_id' => (int) 15,
		'title' => 'The Big Picture: Health Data Management Policy',
		'description' => '<p style="text-align: center;"><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/498xuS2lOq4" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></p>
<h3>Why in News?</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Health Ministry has approved the Health Data Management Policy under the <a href="/loksabha-rajyasabha-discussions/the-big-picture-national-digital-health-mission-data-compliance" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>National Digital Health Mission (NDHM)</strong> </a>to protect and manage personal data of patients using the digital services of the scheme.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The policy was approved after a month of soliciting feedback from various stakeholders and the general public.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The policy acts as a guidance document across the <strong>National Digital Health Ecosystem (NDHE).</strong></li>
<li>The data collected across the National Digital Health Ecosystem (NDHE) will be stored at the central level, the state or Union Territory level and at the health facility level.</li>
<li>The policy will be read along with and not in contradiction to, any applicable law or any instrument having the effect of any law together with the Blueprint, the information security policy, the data retention and archival policy and any other policy which may be issued for the implementation of the NDHM.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Salient Features of the Policy</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Enabling document:</strong> The policy is an enabling document before rolling out the National Digital Health Mission in its full fledged form. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The policy sets out the minimum standards for data privacy protection.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Doctors:</strong> The authenticity of the doctors under this policy, will be taken care of by the <strong>digidoctor platform</strong> under which each and every doctor will be approved by the legitimate council.</li>
<li><strong>A single platform:</strong> The healthcare providers, under this policy will be connected by a single platform and they can still continue to hold the data after complying to certain standards that are prescribed.</li>
<li><strong>Accessing the data:</strong> The policy is just an initiative of connecting all the individual digital health systems with each other, to create an ecosystem to facilitate the access of data from one system to another. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The access to data is provided to ensure a quality healthcare.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Consent:</strong> The doctor from any hospital can access a patient&rsquo;s data but only if he/she gives the consent for the explicit information. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The healthcare providers shall be in a position to see the patient&rsquo;s health status from any part of the country but only with the patient's consent.</li>
<li>It is also possible to give partial consent. The patient may provide the doctor the consent to view a certain health record and may restrict him from viewing other records.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>The consent manager:</strong> For consent, an electronic system called the consent manager will be introduced, every request for the data will be followed up by the consent manager which will verify (a) identity of the person seeking data and (b) identity of the person who is providing the data. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It will also ensure that consent is provided and only after that the access to the data is provided.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Partial consent:</strong> This type of consent will be required, if a person has to provide data only for a particular medical condition and his other medical records have nothing to do with the first one. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The person will be able to withdraw the consent from the record he does not want to show.</li>
<li>Also, the consent will only be provided for a particular period of time.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Digi-Doctor</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It is a comprehensive repository of all doctors practicing or teaching modern/ traditional systems of medicine. Enrolling on Digi-Doctor is completely voluntary and enables doctors to get connected to India&rsquo;s digital health ecosystem.</li>
<li>Doctors from all systems of medicines (Modern Medicine &ndash; Doctors &amp; Dentists, Ayurveda, Homeopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Sowa Rigpa), registered with their respective Medical Councils/ Registrars/ Boards can enroll on DigiDoctor.</li>
<li>National Medical Council, Dental Council of India, Central Council for Indian Medicine, and Central Council for Homoeopathy are the National Councils overseeing enrollment along with the respective State Councils/ Registrars/ Boards.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>Challenges</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Lack of adequate laws:</strong> Ideally, the policy should have been under the data protection law, but India currently has no data protection law. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The policy is intertwined with the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/draft-personal-data-protection-bill-2019#:~:text=It%20is%20commonly%20referred%20to,which%20can%20identify%20the%20individual" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Personal Data Protection Bill.</strong></a> It is still a debated topic in the parliament.</li>
<li>The laws we have right now are not adequate, the <a href="/printpdf/draft-it-rules-issued-by-government" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Information Technology Act</strong> </a>is not particularly equipped for the challenges to be faced by this policy.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>No laws for breachers:</strong> The policy does not talk about what happens if a fiduciary breaches the data.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>What will be the penalties charged if the privacy of a person is breached is not mentioned in the policy.</li>
<li>It is also not mentioned if the fiduciary who exploits the private information will still be a part of the network or not.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Electronic consent manager:</strong> Ensuring there are no faults within the electronic consent manager is quite a challenge. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Also, the consent provided by a person is actually by his will cannot be assured through this method.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>The Information Technology Act (IT Act), 2000</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It was enacted to give a fillip to electronic transactions, to provide legal recognition for e-commerce and e-transactions, to facilitate e-governance, to prevent computer-based crimes and ensure security practices and procedures.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>The Personal Data Protection Bill</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Personal Data Protection Bill was introduced in Parliament in 2019.</li>
<li>The Bill seeks to provide for the protection of personal data of individuals (known as data principals), and creates a framework for processing such personal data by other entities (known as data fiduciaries).</li>
<li>It provides the data principal with certain rights with respect to their data, such as seeking correction, completion or transfer of their data to other fiduciaries.</li>
<li>Similarly, it sets out certain obligations, and other transparency and accountability measures to be undertaken by the data fiduciary, such as instituting grievance redressal mechanisms to address complaints of individuals.</li>
<li>Processing of personal data is exempted from the provisions of the Bill in certain cases, such as security of state, public order, or for prevention, investigation, or prosecution of any offence.</li>
<li>The Bill also establishes a Data Protection Authority to ensure compliance with the provisions of the Bill and provide for further regulations.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>Way Forward</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Blockchain technology:</strong> Improvising blockchain into the NDHM will be a concrete step towards protection of sensitive health data privacy.</li>
<li><strong>Need for a data protection law:</strong> To make sure that data which is given to different fiduciaries and being shared across different entities is safe and protected, a stringent law needs to be formed.</li>
<li><strong>Ensuring confidentiality:</strong> Data security and privacy of patients being one of the biggest concerns makes it a mandate to ensure that the health records of the patients remain entirely confidential and secure. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Who&rsquo;s actually accessing the data needs to be checked upon.</li>
<li>Introducing an anonymisation protocol within the platform can help ensure the privacy of the patients.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Conclusion</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>While the government is trying to digitize the medical sector, the Digital Health Management Policy is a milestone in the medical field which can make possible the better management of data of individuals to help them get better medical facilities. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Moreover, telemedicine is a pioneer of digital treatment of patients and it is cost effective too.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>However, concerns related to security of data of patients and the lack of any rock solid data protection act stand as a big challenge and should be the key area of focus.</li>
</ul>',
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		'title' => 'India’s First Fully Automated Metro',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the Prime Minister has inaugurated the<strong> country&rsquo;s first fully automated Metro,</strong> (Driverless Metro) on <strong>Delhi Metro&rsquo;s Magenta Line.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>He also extended the <strong>fully operational <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/national-common-mobility-card" target="_blank" rel="noopener">National Common Mobility Card</a></strong> (NCMC) to the Airport Express Line of the<strong> Delhi Metro Rail Corporation</strong> (DMRC).</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Driverless Metro:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>With this achievement, DMRC has entered the<strong> elite league of 7% of the world&rsquo;s Metro networks</strong> where such a facility is available.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>In <strong>2014, only five cities had Metro</strong> rail and <strong>currently,</strong> it is <strong>present in 18 cities</strong> and the number of Metro users has also increased manifold.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The driverless trains will be <strong>fully automated, eliminating the possibility of human error.</strong></li>
<li>The technology has <strong>different levels or Grades of Automation</strong> (GoA):<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>In GoA 1, trains are run by one driver.</li>
<li>In GoA 2 and GoA 3, the role of the driver is reduced to operating doors and for taking over in case of emergencies and the starting and halting of trains is automated.</li>
<li>In GoA 4, trains are set on a completely unattended operations mode.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Significance:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It uses a <strong>braking system</strong> in which <strong>50% of the energy goes back into the grid</strong> when the brakes are applied, which will save a considerable amount of energy making it an <strong>energy-efficient system.</strong></li>
<li>In a <strong>boost to <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/five-years-of-make-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Make in India</a>,</strong> various big companies are involved in the manufacturing of Metro coaches and dozens in the manufacture of Metro components.</li>
<li><strong>130 MW of <a href="/to-the-points/paper3/solar-energy" target="_blank" rel="noopener">solar</a> power is currently being used</strong> in the operations of Metro rail, which the government<strong> intends to increase to 600 MW.</strong></li>
<li>The<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/ndb-loan-to-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Regional Rapid Transit System</strong></a> (RRTS) and <strong>Metro Lite models</strong> will <strong>reduce the distance</strong> between major cities and within them.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>National Common Mobility Card:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It will give<strong> access to all modes of transportation</strong> and will do away with commuters having to wait in long queues for tokens.</li>
<li>It <strong>allows users to pay for</strong> travel, toll charges and retail shopping, and permits them to withdraw money at the same time.</li>
<li>It will <strong>enable anyone carrying a RuPay-Debit Card issued in any part of the country to travel on the route.</strong></li>
<li>This will not only help provide a common platform for people but will also allow better research data. <strong>Researchers will be able to better assess the travelling patterns of people</strong> and accordingly suggest the best plan for development</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Other Developmental Works in Delhi:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Incentivizing <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/challenges-to-electric-vehicle-adoption-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener">electric vehicles</a></strong> (EVs)<strong> by giving tax rebates.</strong></li>
<li>The old infrastructure of the capital is being <strong>transformed into environment-friendly infrastructure based on modern technology.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Provision of better living conditions</strong> to slum dwellers through <strong>regularization of hundreds of colonies.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Opening up of new tourist destinations</strong> and generation of employment.</li>
<li>Work for the new Parliament building under the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/centre-s-stand-on-central-vista-redevelopment-project" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Central Vista Redevelopment Project</strong> </a>will not only <strong>give employment to thousands</strong> of people from Delhi but will also <strong>change the face of the city.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/pm-modi-inaugurates-countrys-first-driverless-metro-rail-in-delhi/article33435119.ece#:~:text=of%20Delhi%20Metro.-,Prime%20Minister%20Narendra%20Modi%20inaugurated%20the%20country's%20first%20driverless%20train,Metro%20Rain%20Corporation%20(DMRC)." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
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