• 11 Aug 2025

World Lion Day 2025

Why in News? 

The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC), in collaboration with the Gujarat Forest and Environment Department, marked World Lion Day 2025 (10^th August) at the Barda Wildlife Sanctuary in Dwarka district, Gujarat. 

• The event celebrated the conservation achievements under Project Lion, aimed at protecting the Asiatic lion (Panthera leo persica). 

Key Points 

• The lion population in Gujarat has risen by 32% since 2020, increasing from 674 to 891, according to the May 2025 lion population estimate (16th census). 
• Barda Wildlife Sanctuary, part of the larger Gir Lion Landscape, is home to 17 Asiatic lions. 

Key Facts About Project Lion 

• Launched: 2020, to secure the future of Asiatic lions in Gujarat's Gir landscape. 
• Focus Areas: Habitat improvement, ecosystem health, and human-wildlife conflict mitigation. 
• Technologies Used: 
  • Radio-collaring & Camera Traps: For monitoring lion movements. 
  • GPS Tracking: Ensures efficient surveillance of lions and vehicles. 
  • Automated Sensor Grid: Includes magnetic, movement, and infrared heat sensors for wildlife tracking. 
  • GIS-based Real-Time Monitoring: Facilitates timely analysis and conservation management. 

Key Facts About Lions 

• The lion is divided into two subspecies: the African lion (Panthera leo leo) and the Asiatic lion (Panthera leo persica). 
  • Asiatic lions are slightly smaller than African lions. 
• Characteristics: 
  • Lions are known for their distinctive appearance, including a tawny coat, a tufted tail, and a prominent mane in males. 
  • They are social animals and live in groups called prides. A pride typically consists of multiple females, their offspring, and a few adult males. 
• Distribution and Habitat: Lions are found in sub-Saharan Africa, and a small population exists in the Gir Forest National Park (India). 
• Protection Status: 
  • IUCN Red List: 
    • African Lion: Vulnerable (Globally) 
    • Asiatic Lion: Vulnerable. 
  • IUCN Green Status of Species Assessment: 
    • Lions: Largely Depleted category 
  • CITES: Appendix I for populations of India, all other populations are included in Appendix II. 
  • Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972: Schedule I and IV 
• Conservation Efforts in India: 
  • Project Lion 
  • Asiatic Lion Conservation Project 

 

National e-Governance Gold Award 2025

Why in News? 

Sampada 2.0 (Stamps and Management of Property and Documents Application), developed by the Commercial Tax Department of Madhya Pradesh, was awarded the National e-Governance Gold Award for 2025 for its transformative use of technology in public service. 

• Madhya Pradesh is the first state to implement fully paperless e-registration for documents. 

Key Points 

• About: Launched in 2024 in Madhya Pradesh, SAMPADA 2.0 aims to provide a user-friendly, transparent system for E-registration and E-stamping, ensuring improved governance, evidence-based processing, and simplified registration processes through Government Process Re-engineering (GPR) and policy recommendations. 
  • The application seeks to deliver efficient, transparent document registration services, utilizing modern technology, well-defined procedures, and timely execution to benefit users. 
• Key Features: 
  • GIS Technology: Sampada 2.0 is equipped with Geographical Information System (GIS) technology, enabling better property mapping and management. 
  • Access Anywhere: The platform allows users to obtain an e-stamp anytime, anywhere via the Sampada 2.0 portal. 
  • Mobile App: The mobile app provides instant access to guideline rates for any location within the state. 
  • Faceless Registration: Under the Indian Stamp Act, 1899, video KYC enables faceless registration for 75 out of 140 types of documents, ensuring convenience and reducing the need for physical office visits. 
    • The new system also helps reduce impersonation and land-related disputes. 

National Awards on e-Governance 

• About: The Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DAR&PG), Government of India, presents National Awards every year during the National Conference on e-Governance to recognize and promote excellence in the implementation of e-Governance initiatives.  
  • The National e-Governance Gold Award 2025 was presented in the category “Government Process Re-engineering by Use of Technology for Digital Transformation”. 
• Purpose of Award: 
  • Recognize achievements in the area of e-Governance 
  • Disseminate knowledge on effective methods of designing and implementing sustainable e-Governance initiatives 
  • Encourage incremental innovations in successful e-Governance solutions 
  • Promote and exchange experiences in solving problems, mitigating risks, resolving issues, and planning for success.

Bihar Vriksh Suraksha Diwas

Why in News? 

On the occasion of Rakshabandhan 2025 (09th August), Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar celebrated ‘Bihar Vriksh Suraksha Diwas’ (Tree Protection Day) at Rajdhani Vatika, Patna, by tying a rakhi to a tree and planting saplings.  

Key Points 

• ‘Bihar Vriksh Suraksha Diwas’ was launched on 13th August 2012 by CM Nitish Kumar to coincide with Rakshabandhan.  
• Its objectives include: 
  • Promoting public awareness on environmental protection. 
  • Encouraging tree conservation and large-scale plantation. 
  • Mitigating climate change impacts. 
  • Supporting greenery expansion and eco-tourism in the state. 
• The government is also promoting large-scale tree plantation, eco-tourism, and wildlife conservation through schemes like Jal-Jeevan-Hariyali and public awareness campaigns.

India Women Won Bronze at Asia U-20 Rugby

Why in News? 

The Asia Rugby Under-20 Sevens Championship 2025 concluded at the Rajgir Sports Complex in Bihar, with the Indian women's team winning the bronze medal by beating Uzbekistan. China defeated Hong Kong in the men's final to claim the championship title. 

• The tournament, held for the first time in Bihar, showcased exceptional rugby talent from across Asia. 

Asia Rugby U-20 Sevens Championship Results  

• Men's Category: 
  • Hong Kong (Gold) beat Sri Lanka (Silver) 
  • Malaysia (Bronze) beat China  
• Women's Category: 
  • China (Gold) beat Hong Kong (Silver) 
  • India (Bronze) beat Uzbekistan 
• India: Bronze medal in women's category 
  • The Indian team included four players from Bihar – Gudia Kumari, Anshu Kumari, Alpana Kumari, and Aarti Kumari. 

Tournament 

• The official mascot of the Asia Rugby Under-20 Sevens Championship 2025 was 'Ashoka', a rabbit. 
• Featured 192 players from nine Asian nations, along with 32 coaches/support staff and 50 technical officials. 
  • Nations included China, Hong Kong, UAE, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Nepal, and host India. 
• The championship featured 40 matches over two days. 

Rugby Sevens vs Traditional Rugby 

Aspect	Rugby Sevens	Traditional Rugby
Team Size	7 players per team	15 players per team
Game Duration	Two 7-minute halves (14 minutes total)	Two 40-minute halves (80 minutes total)
Gameplay Effect	More open space = faster gameplay	More players = slower-paced gameplay
Tournament Format	Multiple matches per day, 2-3 day tournaments	Single matches, longer competition periods

Asia Rugby  

• Asia Rugby (formerly Asian Rugby Football Union - ARFU) 
• Founded: 1968 by 8 charter nations 
• Current Members: 36 member unions across Asia 
• Governing Body: Regional Association of World Rugby 
  • Asia Rugby Championship (ARC): Established in 1969. 

National Lata Mangeshkar and Kishore Kumar Awards

Why in News? 

The Madhya Pradesh government has announced the recipients for the prestigious National Lata Mangeshkar Award and National Kishore Kumar Award for the years 2024 and 2025. 

• The ceremony for the Lata Mangeshkar Award will be held at the legendary singer's birthplace, Indore, on 28th September 2025, while the Kishore Kumar Award will be presented in his birthplace, Khandwa, on 13th October 2025. 

Key Points 

• About: The National Lata Mangeshkar Award and the National Kishore Kumar Award, instituted by the Madhya Pradesh government, serve as a tribute to the legacies of two of India's most iconic performers, Lata Mangeshkar and Kishore Kumar.  
• National Lata Mangeshkar Award:  The award recognizes outstanding contributions to Indian music, particularly in music direction and singing.  
  • Recipients: 
    • 2024: Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy (Music Composer Trio) 
    • 2025: Sonu Nigam (Playback Singer) 
• National Kishore Kumar Award: The award honours achievements in Indian cinema, including lyric writing and filmmaking. 
  • Recipients: 
    • 2024: Prasoon Joshi (Lyricist) 
    • 2025: Sanjay Leela Bhansali (Filmmaker) 
• About the Recipients: 
  • Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy: Shankar Mahadevan, Ehsaan Noorani, and Loy Mendonsa, an iconic Indian music trio, are known for their diverse compositions across multiple languages, with notable works like Dil Chahta Hai and Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara. 
  • Sonu Nigam: A versatile playback singer celebrated across Hindi, Telugu, and Tamil cinema, famous for songs like Kal Ho Naa Ho and Suraj Hua Maddham. 
    Prasoon Joshi: A distinguished lyricist and poet, known for his impactful work in films like Taare Zameen Par and Chakde! India. 
  • Sanjay Leela Bhansali: A legendary filmmaker and music composer, renowned for epic films such as Devdas and Padmaavat. 

• Lata Mangeshkar: Lata Mangeshkar (28th September 1929 – 6th February 2022), known as the "Nightingale of India," was a legendary playback singer whose career spanned over seven decades. 
• Kishore Kumar: Kishore Kumar (4th August 1929 – 13th October 1987) was a legendary Indian playback singer, actor, composer, lyricist, director, and producer who remains one of the most influential and beloved icons in the history of Indian cinema and music. 

Rudrastra – Asia’s Longest Freight Train

Why in News? 

Indian Railways has achieved a significant milestone with the successful trial run of Rudrastra, the longest freight train in India and Asia, measuring 4.5 km. 

Key Points 

• About: On 7th August 2025, the Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyay (DDU) Division of East Central Railway conducted a trial service between Ganjkhwaja station in Chandauli (Uttar Pradesh) and Garhwa (Jharkhand), covering 209 km in 5 hours 10 minutes at an average speed of 40.5 km/h. 
  • The train, consisting of six BOXN rakes with 354 wagons, was powered by seven engines—two at the front and one after every 59 bogies—carrying approximately 72 tonnes of goods per wagon, marking the largest freight load ever moved by Indian Railways in a single operation. 
  • The train ran on the Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC) from Ganjkhwaja to Sonnagar, and then on the normal track to Garhwa Road. 
• Significance: Running Rudrastra as a unified system reduces logistical overheads, enhances train capacity, and boosts the speed and efficiency of freight transportation in India. 

Kenya Eliminated Sleeping Sickness

Why in News? 

The World Health Organization (WHO) has officially certified Kenya as free from human African trypanosomiasis—commonly known as sleeping sickness—marking a significant public health victory for the nation.  

• With this achievement, Kenya becomes the tenth country globally to eliminate the disease as a public health challenge. 
• This is the second neglected tropical disease eliminated in Kenya, following the country’s WHO certification as Guinea worm disease-free in 2018.  

 

Key Points About Sleeping sickness 

• Sleeping sickness, caused by protozoan parasites transmitted by tsetse flies, is characterized by initial symptoms such as fever, headaches, and joint pain.  
• In advanced stages, patients suffer from neurological effects, disrupted sleep patterns, confusion, and behavioral changes. 
• The sleeping sickness is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa. 
• Sleeping sickness significantly reduces the productivity of both humans and cattle (zebu cattle raised by Maasai tribes of eastern Africa).

Disease Eradicated by India 

• India has eradicated Smallpox (1980), Polio (2014), Plague, Rinderpest (the Cattle Plague), Yaws and Maternal And Neonatal Tetanus (2015), trachoma (2024). 
  • India received Guinea worm disease-free certification status from the WHO in 2000. 

Diseases Targeted for Elimination in India 

• Malaria: Achieve zero indigenous cases by 2030. 
• Lymphatic Filariasis (LF): Achieve <1% microfilaria rate in endemic areas (elimination by 2030). 
• Kala-azar: Achieve annual incidence of <1 case per 10,000 population at block level. 
  • Certification requires 3 years of sustained elimination. 
• Tuberculosis (TB): End TB by 2025 under the National TB Elimination Programme (NTEP). 

Lucknow Invited to ASEAN Forum as Knowledge City

Why in News? 

Officials of Lucknow Municipal Corporation were invited to attend the meeting of ASEAN Governors & Mayors Forum (AGMF) in Kuala Lumpur as a 'Knowledge City', after gaining recognition for its initiatives in cleanliness, green development, and sustainable urban management. 

Key Points 

• About: The AGMF, originally the ASEAN Mayors Forum (AMF) in 2011, was founded to highlight local contributions to ASEAN integration. 
  • In 2018, AMF was accredited as an entity associated with ASEAN, due to ASEAN member states' official recognition of its common goals and contribution to ASEAN’s community building. 
• Participants: The AGMF is being held from 10th August 2025 to 15th August 2025, bringing together governors, mayors, urban experts from Asia, and international organizations such as the German Corporation for International Cooperation (GIZ), United Cities and Local Governments Asia Pacific (UCLG ASPAC), and United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP). 
• Objective: The forum aimed to exchange knowledge on proven urban management models, sustainable growth, climate action, and citizen participation. 
• Recognition: Lucknow was one of six Indian cities selected to share its experiences in urban management at this prestigious event, marking a significant achievement in its journey towards sustainability and better urban governance. 
  • Mayor Sushma Kharkwal, Municipal Commissioner Gaurav Kumar, and Additional Commissioner Arvind Kumar Rao presented the city's innovative projects. 
  • Key projects highlighted during the event included the establishment of the Shivri Solid Waste Processing Plant, along with other initiatives. 

Shivaji Memorial in Agra

Why in News? 

The Uttar Pradesh government has asserted its plan to construct a memorial dedicated to Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj in Agra’s Kothi Meena Bazar, marking a significant step in promoting tourism and cultural unity.  

Key Points 

• The UP government will fully fund the project, with no external collaboration. 
• Construction of the project will be led by the Uttar Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation. 
• The government is preparing to begin work on the memorial and museum, with a focus on ensuring cultural and historical accuracy. 

Key Monuments in Agra and Their Builders 

• Agra was founded by Sultan Sikandar Lodi of the Lodī dynasty in 1504. 
• Agra Fort 
  • Builder: Akbar (initial construction), Shah Jahan (major structures) 
  • Prominent Buildings: 
    • Moti Masjid: Built by Shah Jahan 
    • Diwan-i-Aam (Hall of Public Audience): Built by Shah Jahan 
    • Diwan-i-Khas (Hall of Private Audience): Built by Shah Jahan 
    • Jahangiri Mahal: Built by Akbar 
    • Sheesh Mahal (Turkish Bath): Built by Shah Jahan 
    • Gardens: Built in Charbagh style, typical of Mughal architecture 
• Tomb of Itmad-ud-Daula 
  • Builder: Noor Jahan (wife of Jahangir) 
  • Uniqueness: First Mughal structure made entirely of white marble. 
• Taj Mahal (UNESCO World Heritage Site) 
  • Builder: Shah Jahan 
  • Uniqueness: Finest example of Mughal architecture, built in memory of Mumtaz Mahal (Arzuman Bano Begum). Known for its grandeur and opulence.

Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj 

• About: Born on 19th February 1630, at Shivneri Fort, Pune was a visionary leader from the Bhonsle clan and the founder of the Maratha Empire, known for resisting the Mughal Empire and striving for self-rule.  
• Major Battles: Battle of Pratapgad, Battle of Pavan Khind, Sacking of Surat, Battle of Purandar, Battle of Sinhagad, and Battle of Sangamner.  
  • The Wagh nakh, was used by Shivaji to kill Afzal Khan in the 1659 Battle of Pratapgad.  
• Titles: Chhatrapati, Shakakarta, Kshatriya Kulavantas, and Haindava Dharmodhhaarak.  
• Administration: Centralized administration with the Ashtapradhan (Council of Eight Ministers), abolished the Jagirdari System, implemented the Ryotwari System, and built a strong naval force for coastal defense.  
  • Shivaji is renowned for his innovative guerrilla warfare tactics, which influenced subsequent rulers and shaped the Maratha Military Landscapes. 

International Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples

Why in News? 

To mark the occasion of the International Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples, the MP postal department, in collaboration with the Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya (IGRMS), has organized a three-day philatelic exhibition.  

• The event was inaugurated by Chief Postmaster General Vineet Mathur and Director of IGRMS, Prof. Amitabh Pande. 

International Day of Indigenous Peoples 

• About: Observed annually on 9th August, following the UN General Assembly's recognition of this day in December 1994. 
  • The day recognizes the first meeting of the United Nations Working Group on Indigenous Populations in Geneva in 1982. 
• Theme for 2025: "Indigenous Peoples and AI: Defending Rights, Shaping Futures.” 
• Key Facts Related to Indigenous Peoples Globally: 
  • There are an estimated 476 million Indigenous Peoples in the world living across 90 countries.  
  • They make up less than 6% of the world's population, but account for at least 15% of the poorest. 
  • They speak an overwhelming majority of the world’s estimated 7,000 languages and represent 5,000 different cultures. 

2025 Equator Prize 

• The UN Development Programme (UNDP) has announced the ten Indigenous-led, community-based organizations selected for the 2025 Equator Prize, recognizing their environmentally focused solutions that align with this year’s prize theme, "Nature for Climate Action." 
• Bibifathima Swa Sahaya from India, one of the winners, supports village farmers through multi-cropping, seed banks, and solar-powered processing, blending traditional knowledge with regenerative agriculture and renewable energy. 

Key Facts Related to Tribals in India  

• About: In India, the term 'Adivasi' refers to various ethnic and tribal groups recognized as the aboriginal population, with Scheduled Tribes (STs) being those indigenous communities acknowledged by the government for special protection and support. 
  • According to the 2011 census, these ancestral groups make up approximately 8.6% of India's general population, which adds up to around 104 million people. 
• Essential Characteristics: According to the Lokur Committee (1965), the essential characteristics of the tribes are: 
  • Indication of Primitive Traits 
  • Distinctive Culture 
  • Shyness of Contact with the Community at Large 
  • Geographical Isolation 
  • Backwardness 
• Constitutional Provisions for STs: 
  • Article 15(4): Special provisions for the advancement of other backward classes (it includes STs) 
  • Article 29: Protection of Interests of Minorities (it includes STs) 
  • Article 46: The State shall ensure the welfare of weaker sections (including Scheduled Tribes) and protect them from injustice and exploitation. 
  • Article 275: Allocation of special funds from the Union Government to the State Government for enhancing the welfare and administration of Scheduled Tribes. 
  • Article 350: Right to conserve distinct language, script, or culture. 
  • Article 330 and 332: Reservation of seats for STs in Lok Sabha and State Legislatures.