Recently, a study highlighted the unique ability of the sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) to generate heat during flowering, a rare phenomenon among plants.
About: The sacred lotus is native to North and Central India and grows in ponds, lakes and gently flowing water bodies. Flowering begins in early summer, with each flower lasting for three to four days.
Thermogenesis: During its flowering phase, the lotus exhibits thermogenesis, the ability to produce heat, a trait also observed in plants such as skunk cabbage and arum lilies, primarily as an adaptation to enhance pollination.
Key Thermal Feature: While blooming, the lotus flower maintains an internal temperature of about 30–35°C, even when the surrounding air temperature drops to nearly 10°C.
Mechanism of Heat Production: Thermogenesis begins when the petals turn pink and the flower enters its female phase. A sharp increase in calcium ions in the pistil-bearing receptacle activates mitochondria, which use the alternative oxidase pathway to convert stored starch and fats directly into heat.
Role in Pollination: The warm receptacle releases fragrance that attracts pollinating beetles. The petals close partially to form a warm chamber, and during the subsequent male phase, insects carry pollen to other flowers, enabling cross-pollination.
Biological Significance: This heat production enhances pollination efficiency, promotes genetic diversity, and improves overall reproductive success of the plant.
