STARFIRE Algorithm

• 27 Jul 2023

Source: PIB

Why in News?

Recently, Scientists at Raman Research Institute (RRI), an autonomous institute of the Department of Science and Technology have developed an algorithm names STARFIRE to tackle unwanted Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) in space, enriching data obtained from space-based astronomy missions.

What is STARFIRE?

• About:
  • Simulation of TerrestriAl Radio Frequency Interference in oRbits around Earth (STARFIRE) is an advanced algorithm developed to estimate and map unwanted RFI signals in space.
    • The STARFIRE algorithm can estimate and identify the RFI emitted by various sources, including FM radio stations, Wi-Fi networks, mobile towers, radar, satellites, and communication devices.
  • This innovative algorithm has the potential to revolutionize space-based Astronomy missions and enrich the data obtained from such missions in the future.
  • To develop this algorithm, scientists utilized data on FM transmitter stations from six countries, including Canada, the USA, Japan, Australia, Germany, and South Africa.
• Applications:
  • Enhancing Radio Astronomy:
    • STARFIRE helps astronomers study the early Universe by estimating and mapping unwanted RFI signals in space.
    • It enables the tuning of radio antennas within the 40 to 200 Mega Hertz (MHz) range to detect the 21-cm hydrogen line, revealing secrets about the cosmos.
  • Optimal Instrument Design:
    • The algorithm assists in designing instruments for space-based Astronomy missions that can operate optimally even in the presence of RFI.
    • This leads to improved data collection and analysis for future missions.
  • Supporting PRATUSH Mission:
    • STARFIRE is utilized in missions like Probing ReionizATion of the Universe using Signal from Hydrogen (PRATUSH), aimed at studying the birth of stars and galaxies in the Universe using the 21-cm hydrogen line from the far side of the moon.
    • The algorithm plays a key role in fine-tuning antennas and instrument components for successful data gathering.
  • Orbit Selection:
    • The algorithm's capability extends to aiding orbit selection for future space missions.
    • It identifies low RFI orbits, particularly in the ~100 MHz frequency range, making them suitable for various scientific experiments.
  • Flexibility and Versatility:
    • STARFIRE offers flexibility to adjust the properties of transmitting and receiving antennas.
    • This enables including astrophysical radio signals from our own galaxy and the cosmos, leading to more meaningful experimental results.
  • Potential for Wide Range of Applications:
    • The generic mathematical formulation of the STARFIRE code makes it adaptable for various applications, benefiting missions with low RFI orbits.

Radio Frequency Interference (RFI):

• RFI is a type of electromagnetic interference (EMI) that affects devices or circuits that operate with radio frequencies.
• RFI in space can affect the quality and reliability of satellite communications, navigation, and remote sensing systems.
• RFI can also interfere with the scientific observations and measurements of space-based instruments, such as radio telescopes and radars.