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Janaushadhi Diwas

Why in News The Bureau of Pharma PSUs of India (BPPI) celebrated the 3rd Janaushadhi Diwas (7th March 2021) to spread awareness about quality...

09 Mar 2021 Important Facts For Prelims
Equine Herpes Virus Outbreak in Europe

Why in News Recently, there has been an outbreak of Equine Herpes Virus (EHV-1) among horses in Europe. So far seven countries have confirmed...

08 Mar 2021 Important Facts For Prelims
CERAWeek Global Energy and Environment Leadership Award

Why in News The Prime Minister of India was conferred with the Global Energy and Environment Leadership Award by Cambridge Energy Research...

08 Mar 2021 Important Facts For Prelims
Whale Shark

Why in News Recently, fishers in Odisha rescued a whale shark. Key Points About: Whale sharks are the largest shark, and indeed largest of...

08 Mar 2021 Important Facts For Prelims
Biju Patnaik

Why in News The birth anniversary of Biju Patnaik was celebrated (5th March). He is remembered as a freedom fighter, an Indian politician, an...

06 Mar 2021 Important Facts For Prelims
Dumping Inert Waste in Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary

Why in News The Supreme Court-mandated Ridge Management Board has decided to constitute an expert committee to look into the proposal of dumping...

06 Mar 2021 Important Facts For Prelims
Pench Tiger Reserve: Maharashtra

Why in News Recently, a female cub of 'man-eater' tigress Avni has been released into the wild in the Pench Tiger Reserve (PTR) of Maharashtra. Key...

06 Mar 2021 Important Facts For Prelims
Similipal Biosphere Reserve: Odisha

Why in News Recently, a massive fire broke out in the Similipal Biosphere Reserve in Odisha. The core area of the biosphere was untouched by the...

04 Mar 2021 Important Facts For Prelims
Black-Browed Babbler Rediscovered

Why in News Recently, a Black-Browed Babbler (Malacocincla perspicillata) was rediscovered in southeastern Kalimantan, the part of Borneo that is...

03 Mar 2021 Important Facts For Prelims
Suryakiran Aerobatic Team

Why in News The Suryakiran Aerobatic Team (SKAT) and Sarang helicopter display team along with the Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) will perform at an...

01 Mar 2021 Important Facts For Prelims
Technical Education Quality Improvement Programme

Why in News Government is planning to replace the Technical Education Quality Improvement Programme (TEQIP) with a new programme MERITE...

01 Mar 2021 Important Facts For Prelims
Guru Ravidas Jayanti

Why in News Guru Ravidas Jayanti is celebrated on Magh Purnima (27th February 2021), the full moon day in the month of Magh according to the Hindu...

27 Feb 2021 Important Facts For Prelims
Saras Aajeevika Mela 2021

Why in News Recently, the Union Minister for Rural Development inaugurated Saras Aajeevika Mela 2021 at Noida Haat. More than 300 rural self-help...

27 Feb 2021 Important Facts For Prelims
Vijayanagar King Krishnadevaraya

Why in News The first-ever epigraphical reference (an inscription) to the date of death of Vijayanagar king Krishnadevaraya has been discovered at...

26 Feb 2021 Important Facts For Prelims
Ancient Buddhist Monastery Found in Jharkhand

Why in News The Archeological Survey of India (ASI) has unearthed a Buddhist monastery, believed to be at least 900 years old, buried under a mound...

26 Feb 2021 Important Facts For Prelims
Black-Necked Crane

Why in News Recently, a group of Buddhist monks in Tawang district has opposed the Arunachal Pradesh government’s renewed push for hydropower...

24 Feb 2021 Important Facts For Prelims
Olive Ridley Turtles

Why in News The Orissa High Court has taken suo motu cognisance of the death of around 800 Olive Ridley sea turtles due to negligence by...

24 Feb 2021 Important Facts For Prelims
National Technology Awards 2020

Why in News A total of 12 companies have been selected for the National Technology Awards 2020 for successful commercialization of innovative...

23 Feb 2021 Important Facts For Prelims
Silver Antimony Telluride: A Material to Tap Waste Heat

Why in News Scientists at the Bengaluru-based Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, have found a new material, Silver Antimony...

22 Feb 2021 Important Facts For Prelims
Epilepsy

Why in News Recently, a major drugmaker has developed the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) and the finished dosage formulation of Brivanext, a...

20 Feb 2021 Important Facts For Prelims

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		'title' => 'Janaushadhi Diwas',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The <strong>Bureau of Pharma PSUs of India (BPPI)</strong> celebrated the <strong>3<sup>rd</sup> Janaushadhi Diwas</strong> (7<sup>th</sup> March 2021) to spread awareness about quality generic medicines, available at low prices.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Theme</strong> of Janaushadhi Diwas was <strong>&ldquo;Seva Bhi &ndash; Rozgar bhi&rdquo;.</strong> The <strong>Janaushadhi week</strong> was celebrated across the country from<strong> 1<sup>st</sup>-7<sup>th</sup> March 2021.</strong></li>
<li>As a part of celebrations, the Prime Minister<strong> inaugurated the 7,500<sup>th</sup> Janaushadhi Kendra</strong> at NEIGRIHMS, <strong>Shillong.</strong></li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Janaushadhi Kendra:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Bureau of Pharma PSUs in India (BPPI)</strong> supports <strong>Janaushadhi Kendras</strong> as a part of <strong>Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana.</strong></li>
<li>These are the<strong> centres from where quality generic medicines</strong> are made available to all.</li>
<li>The<strong> number of stores</strong> has grown to more than <strong>7400</strong> and all <strong>734 districts</strong> of the country have Janaushadhi Kendras.</li>
<li><strong>Government grants of up to Rs. 2.5 lakhs</strong> are provided for setting up of Pradhan Mantri Janaushadhi Kendras, which can be set up by doctors, pharmacists, entrepreneurs, <strong><a href="/to-the-points/Paper2/self-help-groups-shgs" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Self Help Groups</a> (SHGs)</strong>, NGOs, charitable societies, etc. at any suitable place or outside the hospital premises.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana (PMBJP):</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/important-facts-for-prelims-1st-november-2018" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>PMBJP</strong> </a>is <strong>a campaign launched by the Department of Pharmaceuticals in 2008</strong> under the name Jan Aushadhi Campaign. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The campaign was<strong> revamped as PMBJP in 2015-16.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Bureau of Pharma PSUs of India (BPPI)</strong> is the <strong>implementation agency</strong> for PMBJP.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The Bureau of Pharma PSUs of India <strong>works under the Ministry of Chemicals &amp; Fertilizers.</strong></li>
<li>BPPI has also developed the<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/janaushadhi-sugam" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Janaushadhi Sugam Application.</strong></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>PMBJP stores have been set up to provide<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/road-map-to-affordable-medicine" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> generic drugs</strong></a>, which are available at lesser prices but are equivalent in quality and efficacy as expensive branded drugs.</li>
<li>It also intends to extend the coverage of quality generic medicines so as<strong> to reduce the out of pocket expenditure on medicines </strong>and thereby<strong> redefine the unit cost of treatment per person.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>A medicine under PMBJP is <strong>priced on the principle of a maximum of 50% of the average price of top three branded medicines.</strong> Therefore, the price of Janaushadhi Medicines is <strong>cheaper at least by 50% and in some cases, by 90%</strong> of the market price of branded medicines.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Performance Analysis:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>In the current financial year 2020-21, PMBJP has already achieved sales of Rs. 593.84 crores. This has<strong> led to savings of approximately Rs. 3600 crores of the common citizens</strong> of the country.</li>
<li>This scheme is also providing a good source of<strong> self-employment</strong> with<strong> sustainable and regular earnings.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1702896" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7872,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Equine Herpes Virus Outbreak in Europe',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, there has been an outbreak of <strong>Equine Herpes Virus (EHV-1)</strong> <strong>among horses in Europe.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>So far seven countries have confirmed EHV-1 cases: Spain, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Sweden and Qatar.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About Equine Herpes Virus (EHV):</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Equine Herpes Virus is a common <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/novel-strain-of-coronavirus" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>DNA virus</strong></a> that occurs in horse populations worldwide.</li>
<li>EHV is a family of viruses which are named by numbers such as <strong>EHV 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>There are more viruses in this family, but <strong>EHV 1, 3, and 4 pose the most serious health risks for domestic horses.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Health Risks:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>EHV1</strong> can cause manifestations of disease in horses, including <strong>respiratory disease, abortion and neonatal death.</strong></li>
<li>This strain can also cause <strong>neurological problems</strong>, leading to <strong>paralysis</strong> and in some cases, <strong>death.</strong> Horses that contract this virus can develop a <strong>lack of coordination, weakness, loss of appetite and are unable to stand.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Spread of EHV-1 Virus:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is <strong>contagious</strong> and spread by <strong>direct horse-to-horse contact</strong> via the respiratory tract through nasal secretions.</li>
<li>This virus can <strong>also be spread indirectly</strong> through <strong>contact with physical objects</strong> that are contaminated with the virus.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Equine Herpesvirus Myeloencephalopathy (EHM)</strong> is another name for the neurologic disease associated with Equine Herpes Virus (EHV) infections.</li>
<li><strong>Precautions and Treatment:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>As the infection has a high transmission rate, <strong>keeping a diseased horse in isolation</strong> is required.</li>
<li>Treatments may include<strong> anti-inflammatory drugs.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/europe-covid-new-strand-indian-horse-rider-tokyo-olympics-7218735/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:IE</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7871,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'CERAWeek Global Energy and Environment Leadership Award ',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The <strong>Prime Minister of India</strong> was conferred with the <strong>Global Energy and Environment Leadership Award</strong> by <strong>Cambridge Energy Research Associates (CERA).</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>He was awarded for his commitment to expanding India's leadership in <a href="/to-the-points/paper3/sustainable-development-3" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>sustainable development</strong></a> to meet the country's, and the world's, future energy needs.</li>
<li>He addressed the<strong> CERAWeek</strong> <strong>conference</strong> and <strong>highlighted the steps taken by India</strong> to address the issue of climate change and attaining the target of achieving clean fuel.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About the CERAWeek Global Energy and Environment Leadership Award:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The Award was <strong>instituted in 2016.</strong></li>
<li>It <strong>recognises the commitment of leadership on the future of global energy and environment</strong>, and for offering solutions and policies for energy access, affordability and environmental stewardship.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Cambridge Energy Research Associates (CERA):</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is <strong>a consulting company in the United States</strong> that specializes in advising governments and private companies on energy markets, geopolitics, industry trends, and strategy.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>CERAWeek:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It was <strong>founded in 1983 by Dr. Daniel Yergin.</strong></li>
<li>It is an <strong>annual energy conference, organized in Houston (USA) in March</strong>, since 1983.</li>
<li>CERAWeek <strong>by <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/fall-in-ihs-markit-india-services-business-activity-index" target="_blank" rel="noopener">IHS Markit</a></strong> is the annual international gathering of energy industry leaders, experts, government officials and policymakers, leaders from the technology, financial and industrial communities - and energy technology innovators.</li>
<li><strong>CERAWeek 2021</strong> was convened virtually from 1<sup>st</sup>-5<sup>th</sup> March, 2021.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Theme:</strong> The New Map: Energy, Climate, and Charting the Future.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Highlights of PM Address:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The Prime Minister in his address discussed the key initiatives taken by India to attain climate justice:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/national-hydrogen-energy-mission" target="_blank" rel="noopener">National Hydrogen Mission</a>,</strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/pm-kusum#:~:text=Component%20of%20the%20PM%2DKUSUM,standalone%20solar%2Dpowered%20agriculture%20pumps." target="_blank" rel="noopener">PM KUSUM</a>,</strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="/loksabha-rajyasabha-discussions/in-depth-bs-vi-emission-norms" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Bharat - 6 emission norms</a>,</strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="/to-the-points/Paper2/year-end-review-2019-ministry-of-petroleum-natural-gas" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Give It Up Subsidy Movement</a>,</strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/satat-initiative" target="_blank" rel="noopener">SATAT initiatives</a>,</strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/bioethanol-blending-of-petrol#:~:text=The%20government%20has%20set%20targets,the%20National%20Biofuels%20Policy%2C%202018." target="_blank" rel="noopener">Blending of ethanol</a>,</strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="/to-the-points/paper3/different-irrigation-systems" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Modern techniques of irrigation</a>,</strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/organic-farming-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Organic farming</a>,</strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/third-assembly-of-isa" target="_blank" rel="noopener">International Solar Alliance</a>,</strong></li>
<li>India&rsquo;s commitment towards the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/china-s-renewed-support-for-paris-agreement#:~:text=Paris%20Agreement%20(also%20known%20as,to%20deal%20with%20climate%20change." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Paris Climate Accord</strong></a>, and</li>
<li>Talked of <a href="/to-the-points/paper4/gandhian-ideologies#:~:text=Trusteeship%2D%20Trusteeship%20is%20a%20socio,of%20the%20people%20in%20general." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Mahatma Gandhi&rsquo;s</strong></a> <strong>Principle of Trusteeship.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>At the core of Trusteeship is <strong>collectivism, compassion and responsibility.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1702783" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 3 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7870,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Whale Shark',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, fishers in Odisha rescued a <strong>whale shark.</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1615188079_image2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1615188079_image2.jpg" width="400" caption="false" /></strong></a></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Whale sharks are the <strong>largest shark</strong>, and indeed <strong>largest of any fishes alive today</strong> and they <strong>travel large distances</strong> to find enough food to sustain their huge size, and to reproduce.</li>
<li>The whale shark is a <strong>&lsquo;filter feeder shark&rsquo;</strong> which means it does not eat meat like other sharks. Whale sharks <strong>filter sea water</strong> and <strong>feed on tiny planktons.</strong></li>
<li>The maximum size of whale sharks is not known, but <strong>could be as large as 20m.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Scientific Name:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><em>Rhincodon typus.</em></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Habitat:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Whale sharks are <strong>found in all the tropical oceans</strong> of the world.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Threats:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Oil &amp; gas drilling, shipping lanes</strong> etc.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Protection Status:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/iucn-red-list" target="_blank" rel="noopener">IUCN Red List</a>:</strong> Endangered</li>
<li><strong><a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/cites" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CITES</a>:</strong> Appendix II</li>
<li><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/wild-life-protection-act-implementation-and-failure" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972</a>:</strong> Schedule I</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/wildlife-biodiversity/fishers-in-odisha-rescue-second-whale-shark-in-a-week-75798%23:~:text%3DFishers%2520in%2520Odisha%2520rescued%2520a,%252C%25202021%252C%2520according%2520to%2520officials.%26text%3DFishers%2520had%2520freed%2520a%252015,beach%2520in%2520Odisha%27s%2520Ganjam%2520district.&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1615191518032000&amp;usg=AOvVaw1UnvVFWl1oerNEFZI_ecqC" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: DTE</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7862,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Biju Patnaik',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The <strong>birth anniversary of Biju Patnaik</strong> was celebrated (5<sup>th</sup> March). He is remembered as a freedom fighter, an Indian politician, an aviator and a businessman.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Brief Profile:<a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1615024521_image5.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1615024521_image5.png" style="float: right;" caption="false" width="191" height="263" /></a></strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Bijayananda Patnaik was<strong> born on 5<sup>th</sup> March 1916,</strong> he is popularly known as Biju Patnaik.</li>
<li>He was an ace pilot and joined the Royal Indian Air Force in 1936.</li>
<li>He was the two times Chief Minister of Odisha.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Role in Freedom Struggle:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Biju Patnaik started his career as a freedom fighter in 1942. He <strong>joined the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/quit-india-movement-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Quit India Movement</a></strong> under the guidance of Mahatma Gandhi to make India free. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>He became a prominent leader of Congress and was engaged in the Quit India Movement with<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/jayaprakash-narayan-and-nanaji-deshmukh-jayanti" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Jay Prakash Narayan</strong></a> and<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/dr-ram-manohar-lohia" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia.</strong></a></li>
<li>In 1943, he <strong>underwent imprisonment for about two years</strong> for his participation in the Quit India Movement.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>He fearlessly undertook covert missions, ferrying freedom fighters to secret meetings with their supporters, and even airdropped leaflets in support of <strong>Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose&rsquo;s <a href="/to-the-points/paper1/subhash-chandra-bose-3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Indian National Army</a>.</strong></li>
<li>He played a major role in <a href="/to-the-points/paper1/world-war-ii" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>World War II</strong> </a>and the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/external-intervention-on-kashmir-issue" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Kashmir War of 1948</strong></a> as a pilot in the Indian Air Force.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Role in Kashmir Integration:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Biju Patnaik had fearlessly flown a DC-3 transport aircraft to Srinagar on 27th October 1947, ferrying soldiers of the Sikh regiment after the tribal invasion from Pakistan in Kashmir.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Role in Indonesian Freedom Struggle:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>On the request of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Biju Patnaik flew to Java and brought Sultan Sjahrir out of Dutch controlled territory in Indonesia for a meeting in Delhi. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>For this act of bravery, he was given honorary citizenship in Indonesia and awarded the <strong>&lsquo;Bhoomi Putra&rsquo;,</strong> the highest Indonesian award, rarely granted to a foreigner.</li>
<li>In 1996, the Biju Patnaik was awarded the highest Indonesian national award, the <strong>&lsquo;Bintang Jasa Utma&rsquo;.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1702783" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7861,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Dumping Inert Waste in Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The Supreme Court-mandated<strong> Ridge Management Board</strong> has decided to constitute an expert committee to look into the proposal of dumping<strong> inert (non-reactive) waste</strong> in the mines of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/asola-wildlife-sanctuary" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary</strong></a> (Delhi).</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Inert Waste:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Inert waste is waste which is<strong> neither biologically nor chemically reactive</strong> and is waste which <strong>will not decompose</strong> or decompose very slowly.</li>
<li>Inert waste includes, but is not limited to: <strong>construction and demolition material</strong> such as metal, wood, bricks, masonry and cement concrete; <strong>asphalt concrete; metal; tree branches;</strong> bottom <strong>ash from coal fired boilers;</strong> and waste <strong>coal fines</strong> from air pollution control equipment.</li>
<li>These wastes <strong>usually don't pose a threat to the environment, or the health of animals or other people </strong>and will<strong> not endanger the quality of watercourses.</strong></li>
<li>However, when there is a large amount of this type of waste, it can become an issue as it <strong>begins to take up a lot of space.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Asola-Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary covering 32.71 sq km area lies on the Southern Delhi Ridge of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/aravallis-a-mountain-lost" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Aravalli hill range</strong></a>, one of the oldest mountain systems of the world, on Delhi-Haryana border.</li>
<li>An area of 1km around the Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary in Gurugram and Faridabad is an <a href="/to-the-points/paper3/eco-sensitive-zones" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Eco-sensitive zone.</strong></a><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Activities such as commercial mining, setting up of industries, and establishment of major hydro-electric projects are prohibited.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The Asola wildlife sanctuary has <strong>both floral and faunal diversity</strong> in form of<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Wide variety of trees, shrubs, herbs and grasses.</li>
<li>Large numbers of mammals, reptiles, amphibians, butterflies and dragonflies.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Sanctuary comprises around 200 species of <strong>resident and migratory birds.</strong></li>
<li>Wildlife habitats inside the sanctuary act as <strong>a water recharge zone</strong> for Delhi, Faridabad and Gurugram.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1615022762_image4.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1615022762_image4.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="600" caption="false" /></a></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Ridge Management Board:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Background:</strong> The<strong> Supreme Court mandated</strong> the Delhi Government to constitute a <strong>Ridge Management Board for protection of the Delhi Ridge</strong> through their orders in <strong>the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/strict-vs-absolute-liability-principle#:~:text=The%20Supreme%20Court%2C%20in%20the,case%20of%20Delhi%20in%201986.&amp;text=complex%20at%20Delhi%2C%20causing%20damages%20to%20several%20people." target="_blank" rel="noopener">M.C. Mehta case 1987.</a></strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The <strong>Delhi Ridge is the northern extension of the Aravalli Range</strong> covering a distance of about 35km.</li>
<li>The Delhi Ridge acts as the <strong>green lungs of the capital</strong> and, through various government orders over the years, all construction has been banned in the Ridge in an effort to preserve it.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Date of Establishment:</strong> 6<sup>th</sup> October 1995.</li>
<li><strong>Members:</strong> The Chairman of the board is Chief Secretary of Delhi and Head of the Forest Department of Delhi Government is its Member Secretary. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The Board also has members from the<a href="/to-the-points/Paper2/non-governmental-organizations-ngos" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs).</strong></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/panel-to-look-into-proposal-on-dumping-inert-waste-in-bhatti-mines-7216319/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: IE</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7860,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Pench Tiger Reserve: Maharashtra',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, a female cub of 'man-eater' tigress Avni has been released into the wild in the<strong> Pench Tiger Reserve (PTR) of Maharashtra.</strong></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is located in <strong>Nagpur District of Maharashtra</strong> and named after the pristine <strong>Pench River.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The Pench river flows right through the middle of the park.</li>
<li>It descends from north to south, thereby<strong> dividing the reserve into equal eastern and western parts.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>PTR is the<strong> joint pride</strong> of both<strong> Madhya Pradesh</strong> and <strong>Maharashtra.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The Reserve is located in the southern reaches of the Satpura hills in the Seoni and Chhindwara districts in Madhya Pradesh, and continues in Nagpur district in Maharashtra as a separate Sanctuary.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>It was <strong>declared a National Park by the Government of Maharashtra in 1975</strong> and the identity of a <strong>tiger reserve was granted to it in the year 1998-1999.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>However, PTR Madhya Pradesh was granted the same status in 1992-1993. It is one of the major Protected Areas of <strong>Satpura-Maikal ranges</strong> of the Central Highlands.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>It is among the sites notified as <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/asian-waterbird-census" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Important Bird Areas (IBA)</strong></a> <strong>of India.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The IBA is a programme of Birdlife International which<strong> aims to identify, monitor and protect a global network of IBAs</strong> for <strong>conservation of the world&rsquo;s birds</strong> and associated diversity.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Flora:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The green cover is thickly spread throughout the reserve.</li>
<li>A mixture of<strong> Southern dry broadleaf teak forests</strong> and <strong>tropical mixed deciduous forests</strong> is present.</li>
<li>Shrubs, climbers and trees are also frequently present. <strong>Some of them are unique varieties and possess medicinal as well as healing properties.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Bamboo plantations</strong> are also present nearby the water banks.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Fauna: </strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Mammals:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>These include &ndash; sloth bear, jackal, nilgai, wild dog etc.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Birds:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>This comprises peafowl, magpie robin, pintail, drongo, unia, myna etc.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Major Tiger Reserves of India:</strong></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1615022051_image1.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1615022051_image1.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="600" caption="false" /></strong></a></p>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/cub-of-tigress-avni-released-back-into-wild-after-over-two-years-7216145/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: IE</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 7 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7844,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Similipal Biosphere Reserve: Odisha',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, a massive fire broke out in the <strong>Similipal Biosphere Reserve</strong> in Odisha. The core area of the biosphere was untouched by the fire, however the fire is threatening damage to its rich biodiversity.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Similipal <strong>derives its name from &lsquo;Simul&rsquo; (silk cotton) tree.</strong></li>
<li>It was formally designated a <strong>tiger reserve in 1956</strong> and brought under <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/national-tiger-conservation-authority" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Project Tiger</a> in the year 1973.</strong></li>
<li>It was declared a<strong> biosphere reserve</strong> by the Government of India in <strong>June, 1994.</strong></li>
<li>It has been part of the <a href="/to-the-points/paper3/biosphere-reserves-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserve</strong> </a>since <strong>2009.</strong></li>
<li>It is part of the <strong>Similipal-Kuldiha-Hadgarh Elephant Reserve</strong> popularly known as <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/elephant-corridors-in-odisha" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Mayurbhanj Elephant Reserve</strong></a>, which includes 3 protected areas i.e. Similipal Tiger Reserve, Hadagarh Wildlife sanctuary and Kuldiha wildlife sanctuary.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Location:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is situated in the northern part of Odisha&rsquo;s Mayurbhanj district. Geographically, it lies in the eastern end of the eastern ghat.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Coverage:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The biosphere spread over 4,374 sq. km. has 845 sq. km. of core forest (tiger reserve), 2,129 sq km buffer area and 1,400 sq km of transition space.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Vegetation:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Similipal has 1,076 flowering species and 96 species of orchids. It boasts of having tropical semi-evergreen forests, tropical moist deciduous forests, dry deciduous hill forests, high level sal forests and sprawling meadows.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Tribes:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Two tribes, the<strong> Erenga Kharias</strong> and the <strong>Mankirdias</strong>, inhabit the reserve&rsquo;s forests and practise traditional agricultural activities (the collection of seeds and timber).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Wildlife:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Similipal is home to a wide range of wild animals including tigers and <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/world-elephant-day-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>elephants</strong></a>, besides 304 species of birds, 20 species of amphibians and 62 species of reptiles.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Vulnerability to Forest Fires: </strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Natural:</strong> Natural causes such as lighting or even soaring temperatures can sometimes result in <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/forest-fires" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>forest fires</strong></a> here.</li>
<li><strong>Man Made Factors:</strong> Instances of poaching and hunting wherein the poachers set a small patch of forest on fire to divert the wild animals, can lead to forest fires.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Mitigation Strategies:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Forecasting fire-prone days and including community members to mitigate incidents of fire, creating fire lines, clearing sites of dried biomass, and crackdown on poachers.</li>
<li>The forest fire lines which are strips kept clear of vegetation, could help break the forest into compartments to prevent fires from spreading.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Other Major Protected Areas in Odisha</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>National Parks:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/olive-ridley-turtles" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Bhitarkanika National Park</strong></a>: It is home to the largest congregation of the endangered SaltWater Crocodile in the country.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Wildlife Sanctuaries:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Badrama WLS:</strong> It is characterized by the presence of Moist Sal Forests.</li>
<li><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/irrawaddy-dolphins-in-the-chilika-lake" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Chilika</a> (Nalaban island) WLS:</strong> Asia's largest and world's second-largest lagoon. Recently, direct sightings of school of Irrawaddy dolphins has been reported here.</li>
<li><strong>Hadgarh WLS:</strong> Salandi river passes through it which is home to mugger crocodiles.</li>
<li><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/satkosia-tiger-reserve" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Baisipalli WLS</a>:</strong> It is a sal dominated forest with a significant number of tigers, leopards, elephants, herbivores like Chousingha.</li>
<li><strong>Kotagarh WLS:</strong> It consists of dense deciduous forests with grasslands.</li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/nandankanan-zoological-park" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Nandankanan WLS</strong></a>: First in the world to breed White tiger and Melanistic tiger.</li>
<li><strong>Lakhari Valley WLS:</strong> It is a dwelling place of a large number of elephants.</li>
<li><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/olive-ridley-turtles-5" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Gahirmatha (Marine) WLS</a>:</strong> It is a mass nesting spot in Indian Ocean region and the only turtle sanctuary in Odisha. <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/olive-ridley-turtles-4" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>The Olive Ridley turtles</strong></a> travel across the South Pacific to breed on the coast of Gahirmatha.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/massive-fire-threatens-to-cause-colossal-damage-to-similipal-biosphere/article33981393.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:TH</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 8 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7828,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Black-Browed Babbler Rediscovered ',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, a <strong>Black-Browed Babbler</strong> <em>(Malacocincla perspicillata)</em> was <strong>rediscovered</strong> in southeastern Kalimantan, the part of <strong>Borneo</strong> that is administered by <strong>Indonesia.</strong></p>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1614773593_pasted%20image 0.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1614773593_pasted image 0.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" caption="false" width="353" height="262" /></strong></a></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>History:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>In the <strong>1840s, a mystery bird</strong> was caught on an expedition to the East Indies. It was named as black-browed babbler.</li>
<li>The species was never seen in the wild again, and a stuffed specimen featuring a bright yellow glass eye was the only proof of its existence.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>No Asian bird has been missing for as long as Indonesia&rsquo;s Black-browed Babbler. It has been <strong>missing for the last 170 years.</strong></li>
<li>This bird is often called <strong>'the biggest enigma in Indonesian ornithology&rsquo;.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>About:<a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1614756968_image4.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1614756968_image4.jpg" style="float: right;" width="300" caption="false" /></a></strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It has a <strong>strong bill, chocolate colouring and distinctive black eye-stripe</strong>, its iris is of <strong>striking maroon colour.</strong></li>
<li>It has <strong>brown wings</strong> and a <strong>black stripe</strong> across its brow.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Significance:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Discoveries like this give hope that it's possible to find other species that have been lost to science for decades or longer.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>More than <strong>150 species of birds around the world are considered "lost"</strong> with no confirmed sightings in the past decade.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Protection Status:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/iucn-red-list" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>IUCN Red List:</strong></a> Data Deficient</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-how-after-170-years-a-lost-bird-was-found-in-the-jungles-of-indonesian-borneo-7211451/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: IE</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7814,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Suryakiran Aerobatic Team',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The<strong> Suryakiran Aerobatic Team (SKAT)</strong> and <strong>Sarang helicopter display team</strong> along with the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/lca-tejas-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Light Combat Aircraft (LCA)</strong></a> will <strong>perform at an air show at Galle Face in Colombo</strong> from 3<sup>rd</sup>-5<sup>th</sup> March 2021 as part the <strong>70<sup>th</sup> anniversary celebrations of the Sri Lankan Air Force (SLAF).</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>This will be the first performance for the SKAT team outside India since it was resurrected in 2015 with Hawk Advanced Jet Trainers (AJT). Earlier, the SKAT team toured Sri Lanka during the 50<sup>th</sup> anniversary of SLAF in 2001.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About the Suryakiran Aerobatic Team:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Establishment:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The team was formed in 1996 with <strong>Kiran Mk-II aircraft</strong> and had enthralled spectators across the country till 2011.</li>
<li>It was <strong>revived in 2015</strong> with Hawk trainers initially with four aircraft and grew to the nine aircraft formation.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Features:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The SKAT team, <strong>also known as 52 Squadron or The Sharks,</strong> is based in Bidar (Karnataka).</li>
<li>Since its inception, the SKAT team has carried out over 600 displays all around the country, it has also <strong>represented India across southeast Asia including China.</strong></li>
<li><strong>1971 Commemorations:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Marking the golden jubilee year of the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/vijay-diwas-50-years-of-indo-pak-war-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>1971 Liberation War of Bangladesh</strong></a>, the SKAT team has been flying different formations over landmarks across the country starting from Kanyakumari in the south.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Sarang Helicopter Display Team:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The Sarang team has<strong> evolved from the ALH Evaluation Flight (AEF) which was formed in 2003</strong> at Bangalore to evaluate the indigenous helicopter prior to its induction into operational service.</li>
<li>The Indian Air Force aerobatic team Sarang (Peacock) comprises <strong>four Indian built Dhruv helicopters</strong> (an Advanced Light Helicopter - ALH, built by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Bangalore).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Aircraft in India:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/naval-variant-of-lca-tejas" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Mk I and MK II</a>,</strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/induction-of-french-rafale-aircrafts-in-iaf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Rafale Aircrafts</a>,</strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/sukhoi-30-mki-equipped-with-the-brahmos-missile" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sukhoi jets</a>,</strong> etc.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/suryakiran-sarang-teams-to-perform-at-colombo-air-show/article33957542.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:TH</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 10 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7808,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Technical Education Quality Improvement Programme',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Government is planning to replace the <strong>Technical Education Quality Improvement Programme (TEQIP)</strong> with a new programme <strong>MERITE Project.</strong></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About the Technical Education Quality Improvement Programme:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It was started in 2002 by the Ministry of Human Resources and Development with the assistance of the <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/world-bank-group" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>World Bank</strong></a> and is being implemented in a phased manner.</li>
<li>It aims <strong>to upscale the quality of technical education</strong> and enhance capacities of institutions.</li>
<li>The <strong>Technical Education Quality Improvement Programme III (TEQIP-III) was started in 2017</strong> and will be completed by 2021.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It aims <strong>to develop technical education</strong> as a key component for improving the quality of Engineering Education.</li>
<li>The Objective is to <strong>improve quality and equity in engineering</strong> institutions in focus states such as in low income states.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>About MERITE Project:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The project has an objective to improve technical education like the TEQIP.</li>
<li>However, the MERITE Project is still in the conceptual stage and has not yet received Cabinet approval.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Other Initiative to Improve Technical Education</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/initiatives-of-aicte" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Margadarshan and Margadarshak</strong></a> (AICTE).</li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/institutions-of-eminence-ioe-scheme" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Institutions of Eminence (IoE) scheme.</strong></a></li>
<li>Technical Education in Mother Tongue has been proposed by the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/national-education-policy-2020" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>National Education Policy (NEP).</strong></a><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>To achieve the objective that students may pursue the professional courses such as medicine, engineering, law, etc in their mother tongue.</li>
<li>It suggests teaching in regional language till class 8 and enabling teaching the curriculum in a language which a student is comfortable in.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/techex-technology-and-innovation-platform" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Uchhatar Avishkar Yojana (UAY) schemes.</strong></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/1200-faculty-in-rural-engineering-colleges-will-lose-jobs-by-month-end/article33956298.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 11 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7800,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Guru Ravidas Jayanti',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Guru Ravidas Jayanti is celebrated on Magh Purnima (27<sup>th</sup> February 2021), the full moon day in the month of Magh according to the Hindu lunar calendar.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About Guru Ravidas:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>He was <strong>a 14<sup>th</sup> century saint and proponent of the Bhakti movement</strong> in North India.</li>
<li>It is believed that he was<strong> born in Varanasi</strong> in a cobbler&rsquo;s family.</li>
<li>He gained prominence due to his <strong>belief in one God</strong> and his unbiased religious poems.</li>
<li>He dedicated his whole life to the <strong>abolition of the caste system</strong> and openly despised the notion of a Brahminical society.</li>
<li>His devotional songs made an instant impact on the Bhakti Movement and his poems were included in<strong> &lsquo;<a href="/to-the-points/paper4/sikhism" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Guru Granth Sahib</a>&rsquo;,</strong> the religious text of the Sikhs.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Bhakti Movement:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The development of the Bhakti movement took place in Tamil Nadu between the <strong>seventh and ninth centuries.</strong></li>
<li>It was reflected in the emotional poems of the<strong> Nayanars</strong> (devotees of Shiva) and <strong>Alvars</strong> (devotees of Vishnu). <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>These saints looked upon religion not as a cold formal worship but as a loving bond based upon love between the worshipped and worshipper.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>In course of time, the ideas of the South moved up to the North but it was a very slow process.</li>
<li>A more effective method for spreading the Bhakti ideology was the <strong>use of local languages.</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The Bhakti saints composed their verses in local languages.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>They also translated Sanskrit works to make them understandable to a wider audience. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Examples include Jnanadeva writing in Marathi, Kabir, Surdas and Tulsidas in Hindi, Shankaradeva popularising Assamese, Chaitanya and Chandidas spreading their message in Bengali, Mirabai in Hindi and Rajasthani.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1701120#:~:text=President%27s%20Greetings%20on%20the%20eve%20of%20Birthday%20of%20Guru%20Ravidas&amp;text=In%20a%20message%2C%20the%20President,his%20life%20to%20serve%20humanity." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 12 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7799,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Saras Aajeevika Mela 2021',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the Union Minister for Rural Development inaugurated<strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/governance-through-cultural-gatherings" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Saras Aajeevika Mela</a> 2021</strong> at Noida Haat.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>More than <strong>300 rural self-help groups</strong> and craftsmen from <strong>27 states</strong> are participating in the Mela.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is a programme to<strong> transform rural India in general</strong> and the<strong> lives of rural women in particular.</strong></li>
<li>During the Mela, <strong>workshops on product packaging and design, communication skills, social media publicity</strong> and <strong>Business to Business marketing</strong> will be organised to educate the rural self-help groups and craftsmen.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Organiser:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is an initiative by the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/national-rural-economic-transformation-project" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM)</strong> </a>under the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) organised by the <strong>Council for Advancement of People&rsquo;s Action and Rural Technology (CAPART).</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>CAPART</strong> is an <strong>autonomous body</strong> set up by the Ministry of Rural Development to interface between the government and <a href="/to-the-points/Paper2/non-governmental-organizations-ngos" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs)</strong></a> that seek to improve the quality of life in India's rural areas.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Objective:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>To bring the rural women <a href="/to-the-points/Paper2/self-help-groups-shgs" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Self Help Groups (SHGs)</strong></a> under one platform so that they can showcase their skills, sell their products, and help them build linkages with bulk buyers.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Through participation in SARAS Aajeevika Mela, these rural SHG women will get vital <strong>national level exposure</strong> to understand the demand and taste of urban customers.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Significance:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The Mela acts as an integrated approach towards women empowerment.</li>
<li>The Initiative is well aligned with the government's vision of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/atma-nirbhar-bharat-abhiyan-challenges" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Atma Nirbhar Bharat.</strong></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1701205#:~:text=Union%20Minister%20for%20Agriculture%20and,also%20present%20on%20the%20occasion." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:PIB</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 13 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7791,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Vijayanagar King Krishnadevaraya',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The <strong>first-ever epigraphical reference (an inscription) to the date of death of Vijayanagar king Krishnadevaraya</strong> has been <strong>discovered at Honnenahalli in Tumakuru district, Karnataka.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Normally, the death of kings was not recorded in the inscriptions and this was one of those rare records.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Findings:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>As per the inscription, Krishnadevaraya, one of the greatest emperors of India who ruled from the South, died on 17th October, 1529 (Sunday).<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Incidentally, this day was marked by a <strong>lunar eclipse.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The inscription is <strong>engraved on a slab</strong> kept on the north side of the <strong>Gopalakrishna temple</strong> at Honnenahalli in Tumakuru district.</li>
<li>The inscription <strong>also registers the gift of village Honnenahalli in Tumakuru</strong> for conducting worship <strong>to the god Veeraprasanna Hanumantha</strong> of Tumakuru.</li>
<li>The inscription is <strong>written in Kannada.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Krishnadevaraya:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>He was the ruler of the <strong>Tuluva dynasty</strong> of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/krishnapatnam-port" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Vijayanagar empire</strong></a> (1509-29 AD).</li>
<li>His rule was characterised by expansion and consolidation.</li>
<li>He is credited with building some fine temples and <strong>adding impressive gopurams</strong> to many important south Indian temples.</li>
<li>He <strong>also founded</strong> a suburban township near Vijayanagar called <strong>Nagalapuram</strong> after his mother.</li>
<li>He composed a work on statecraft in Telugu known as the <strong>Amuktamalyada.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Vijayanagara Empire:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Vijayanagara or &ldquo;city of victory&rdquo; was the name of both a city and an empire.</li>
<li>The empire <strong>was founded in the fourteenth century</strong> (1336 AD) by <strong>Harihara and Bukka</strong> of the Sangama dynasty.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>They made Hampi the capital city. In 1986, Hampi was declared a <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/kailash-mansarovar-in-tentative-list-of-world-heritage-sites" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>World Heritage site by UNESCO.</strong></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>It stretched from the river Krishna in the north to the extreme south of the peninsula.</li>
<li>Vijayanagar Empire was<strong> ruled by four important dynasties</strong> and they are:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Sangama</li>
<li>Saluva</li>
<li>Tuluva</li>
<li>Aravidu</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/inscription-on-vijayanagar-kings-death-discovered/article33937892.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 14 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7787,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Ancient Buddhist Monastery Found in Jharkhand',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/new-circles-of-archaeological-survey-of-india#:~:text=Treasures%20Act%201972.-,Archaeological%20Survey%20of%20India%20(ASI),and%20remains%20of%20national%20importance." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Archeological Survey of India (ASI)</strong> </a>has unearthed a <a href="/to-the-points/paper1/buddhism-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Buddhist</strong> </a>monastery, believed to be at least 900 years old, buried under a mound in a village near Juljul Pahar of Sitagarhi Hills in Jharkhand.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Earlier an ancient Buddhist shrine, buried under a similar mound was found, close to this site.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Artifacts Unearthed:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Four statues of <strong>deity Tara in Varad Mudra</strong> (gesture of hand showing dispensing of boons).<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Nagri Script on Tara Statue:</strong> Nagri was a <strong>previous version of Devnagri script</strong> and the words indicate Buddhist religious affiliation.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Six statues of the<strong> Buddha in Bhumisparsha Mudra</strong> (gesture of hand showing five fingers of right hand towards the earth symbolising the Buddha&rsquo;s enlightenment).</li>
<li>A <strong>sculpture</strong> which appears to be that of<strong> Shaivite deity Maheswari</strong> - with a coiled crown and chakra - indicating cultural assimilation in the area.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1614330884_image4.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1614330884_image4.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="700" caption="false" /></a></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Significance of the Findings:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The findings are significant since the <strong>monastery is on the old route to Varanasi, 10 km from <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/land-of-stupas-sarnath" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sarnath</a>,</strong> where the Buddha gave his first sermon.</li>
<li>The presence of statues of deity Tara shows <strong>possible proliferation of Vajrayana form of Buddhism</strong> in this region.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Vajrayana</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Vajrayana means &ldquo;The Vehicle of the Thunderbolt&rdquo;, also known as <strong>tantric Buddhism.</strong></li>
<li>This Buddhist school <strong>developed in India around 900 CE.</strong></li>
<li>It is <strong>grounded on esoteric elements and a very complex set of rituals</strong> compared with the rest of the Buddhist schools.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/ancient-buddhist-monastery-found-in-jharkhand-7205094/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: IE</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7769,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Black-Necked Crane',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, a group of<a href="/to-the-points/paper1/buddhism-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Buddhist</strong> </a>monks in Tawang district has opposed the Arunachal Pradesh government&rsquo;s renewed push for<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/etalin-hydroelectric-project" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> hydropower projects.</strong></a></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The proposed projects would not only affect the<strong> nesting grounds of the endangered <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/important-facts-for-prelims-20th-december-2018" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Black-Necked Crane</a></strong> but also threaten several holy Buddhist pilgrimage sites in the region.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About:<a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1614161743_image4.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1614161743_image4.png" style="float: right;" width="350" caption="false" /></a></strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Both the sexes are almost of the same size but <strong>male is slightly bigger than female.</strong></li>
<li>The upper long neck, head, primary and secondary flight feathers and tail are completely black and<strong> body plumage is pale gray/whitish.</strong></li>
<li>A conspicuous <strong>red crown</strong> adorns the head.</li>
<li>The <strong>juveniles have a brownish head and neck</strong> and plumage is slightly paler than that of an adult.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Special Significance:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The bird is <strong>revered by the community of Monpas</strong> (major Buddhist ethnic group of Arunachal Pradesh) as an <strong>embodiment of the sixth Dalai Lama</strong> (Tsangyang Gyatso).<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Monpas</strong> inhabit the West Kameng and Tawang districts, are essentially Buddhists who follow the <strong>Mahayana sect.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Habitat and Breeding Grounds :</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The <strong>high altitude wetlands</strong> of the Tibetan plateau , Sichuan (China), and eastern <strong>Ladakh</strong> (India) are the<strong> main breeding ground of the species,</strong> the birds spend winter at lower altitudes.</li>
<li>In Bhutan and<strong> Arunachal Pradesh,</strong> it only comes <strong>during the winters.</strong></li>
<li>In Arunachal Pradesh, it can be seen in three areas: <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Sangti valley</strong> in West Kameng district.</li>
<li><strong>Zemithang</strong> in Tawang district.</li>
<li><strong>Chug valley</strong> in Tawang district.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Threats:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Damage to the eggs and chicks,</strong> caused by feral dogs.</li>
<li><strong>Loss of habitat</strong> due to human pressure (Development Projects) on the wetlands.</li>
<li>Increased grazing pressure on the limited pastures near the wetlands.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Steps for their Conservation:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/living-planet-report-wwf" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>World Wide Fund</strong> </a><strong>for Nature-India</strong> (WWF-India) in collaboration with the Department of Wildlife Protection, Jammu &amp; Kashmir, has been working towards conservation of high altitude wetlands, with<strong> black-necked cranes as a priority species in Ladakh region.</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>In Arunachal Pradesh, WWF is working for the conservation of the small wintering population.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Protection Status:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/iucn-red-list" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>IUCN Red List</strong></a>: Near Threatened</li>
<li><a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/cites" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>CITES</strong></a>: Appendix I</li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/wild-life-protection-act-implementation-and-failure" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972</strong></a>: Schedule I</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/tawang-monks-oppose-arunachal-govts-fresh-push-for-hydropower-projects/article33910552.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:TH</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7767,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Olive Ridley Turtles',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The Orissa High Court has taken suo motu cognisance of the death of around 800 <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/olive-ridley-turtles-hatching" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Olive Ridley sea turtles</strong> </a>due to negligence by Odisha&rsquo;s forest and fisheries departments.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Features of Olive Ridley Turtles:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The Olive ridley turtles are the smallest and most abundant of all sea turtles found in the world.</li>
<li>These turtles are carnivores and get their name from their olive colored carapace.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1614159610_image3.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1614159610_image3.png" caption="false" width="600" height="747" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></strong></a></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Protection Status:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/wild-life-protection-act-implementation-and-failure" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Wildlife Protection Act, 1972</strong></a>: Scheduled 1</li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/iucn-red-list" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>IUCN Red List</strong></a>: Vulnerable</li>
<li><strong><a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/cites" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CITES</a></strong>: Appendix I</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Habitat:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>They are found in warm waters of the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans.</li>
<li>The Odisha&rsquo;s<strong> Gahirmatha Marine Sanctuary</strong> is known as the world&rsquo;s largest rookery (colony of breeding animals) of sea turtles.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Arribada (Mass Nesting):</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>They are best known for their <strong>unique mass nesting called Arribada,</strong> where thousands of females come together on the same beach to lay eggs.</li>
<li>They lay their eggs over a period of five to seven days in conical nests about one and a half feet deep which they dig with their hind flippers.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Threats:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Marine pollution and waste</strong></li>
<li><strong>Human Consumption:</strong> They are extensively poached for their meat, shell and leather, and eggs.</li>
<li><strong>Plastic Garbage:</strong> An ever-increasing debris of plastics, fishing nets, discarded nets, polythene and other garbage dumped by tourists and fishing workers.</li>
<li><strong>Fishing Trawlers:</strong> Overexploitation of marine resources by use of trawlers often violates the rule to not fish 20 kilometres within a marine sanctuary.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>There were injury marks on many dead turtles indicating they could have been trapped under trawls or gill nets.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Gahirmatha Marine Sanctuary</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Gahirmatha is the mass nesting spot in Indian Ocean region and the only turtle sanctuary in Odisha.</li>
<li>It is the <strong>world&rsquo;s largest nesting beach</strong> of Olive Ridley Sea Turtles.</li>
<li>Gahirmatha was declared a <strong>turtle sanctuary in 1997</strong> by the Odisha government after considering its ecological importance and as part of efforts to save the sea turtles.</li>
<li>Gahirmatha Marine Sanctuary is one of the three parts of the Bhitarkanika National Park. The other two includes the area of Bhitarkanika National Park and the Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/wildlife-biodiversity/dte-impact-orissa-high-court-notices-to-officials-on-death-of-olive-ridley-turtles-75600#:~:text=Orissa%20High%20Court%20February%2023,Odisha's%20forest%20and%20fisheries%20departments.&amp;text=The%20state's%20Gahirmatha%20Marine%20Sanctuary,largest%20rookery%20of%20sea%20turtles." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: DTE</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7759,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'National Technology Awards 2020 ',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>A total of 12 companies have been selected for the National Technology Awards 2020 for successful commercialization of innovative indigenous technologies.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The awards are conferred by the <strong>Technology Development Board (TDB).</strong></li>
<li>Every year TDB seeks applications for prestigious National awards for commercialization of technologies under three categories -<strong> Indigenous technologies, MSME, and Startups.</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Category 1: National Award For Successful Commercialization of Indigenous Technology:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>This award is given to an industrial concern which has successfully developed &amp; commercialized an indigenous technology.</li>
<li>In case, the technology developer / provider and the company commercializing the technology are two different organizations, each is eligible for award of Rs. 25 Lakh and a trophy.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Category 2: National Award For MSMEs:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The award of Rs. 15 lakhs each in this category is given to selected MSMEs that have successfully commercialized the product based on indigenous technology.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Category 3: National Award For Technology Start-ups:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>This award is given to a technology start-up for promising new technology with potential for commercialization.</li>
<li>The award in addition to the trophy includes a cash award of Rs. 15 Lakh.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>These awards conferred to various industries provide a platform of recognition to Indian industries and their technology provider, who have worked as a team, to bring innovation to the market and contributed to the vision of<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/atma-nirbhar-bharat-abhiyan-challenges" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <strong>&ldquo;Atmanirbhar Bharat&rdquo;.</strong></a></li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Technology Development Board</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Technology Development Board is a<strong> statutory body</strong> of the Government of India functioning under the<strong> Department of Science of Technology.</strong> It was established in 1996.</li>
<li>It provides financial assistance to companies working for commercialization of indigenous technologies and adaptation of imported technologies for domestic applications.</li>
<li>The <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/national-technology-day" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>National Technology Day (11<sup>th</sup> May)</strong></a> is organised every year by the TDB.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1699922"><strong>Source:PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7747,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Silver Antimony Telluride: A Material to Tap Waste Heat',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Scientists at the <strong>Bengaluru-based Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research</strong>, have found a new material, <strong>Silver Antimony Telluride (AgSbTe2)</strong>, that can help in tapping waste heat produced by all kinds of domestic and industrial appliances, and use it to accomplish other useful work.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Basically, the material will <strong>exploit the benefits of thermo-electric effect.</strong> The thermo-electric effect <strong>involves the process by which heat is transformed to electrical energy.</strong></li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Background:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Traditionally, the <strong>thermo-electric effect has been demonstrated</strong> and utilised <strong>by using two different metals</strong> joined together, and <strong>by mechanically maintaining two different temperatures</strong> at the ends. But <strong>such materials do not offer efficient or economical solutions.</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Further, most materials that conduct electricity, also happen to be good conductors of heat. That means that <strong>there would not be any significant temperature difference between the two ends</strong> of the material for very long.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>To date, the most efficient thermoelectric materials <strong>use lead as a major constituent element</strong>, but lead has very <strong>adverse environmental impacts</strong> such as air pollution and also causes human health issues.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>About Silver Antimony Telluride:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is a <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/nanotechnology-and-health" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>nanomaterial</strong></a> compound synthesised from <strong>Silver, Antimony and Tellurium.</strong></li>
<li>A crystalline solid, it has free electrons that help in conduction of electricity but its lattices (arrangement of atoms) are rather inflexible, and vibrate quite slowly thereby inhibiting the propagation of heat.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Thus, it is a <strong>good conductor of electricity but a bad conductor of heat</strong>, a property <strong>important for Thermo-electric effect.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>There are <strong>a variety of potential applications.</strong> Industrial processes and power plants, along with all kinds of domestic appliances, produce ample amounts of waste heat that can be utilised to do significant amounts of work.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The heat from the laptop, for example, can be used to charge a mobile phone. Or, that from the phone can be used to charge a small watch.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Challenge:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The energy conversion is not a very efficient process. Typically, <strong>not more than 15 to 20% of the waste heat can be utilised.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/bangalore/bengaluru-silver-antimony-telluride-heat-generation-7197033/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: IE</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 7740,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Epilepsy',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, a major drugmaker has developed the <strong>Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API)</strong> and the finished dosage formulation of Brivanext, a drug for epilepsy.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Epilepsy:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Epilepsy is a central nervous system (neurological) disorder in which brain activity becomes abnormal, causing seizures or periods of unusual behavior, sensations, and sometimes loss of awareness.</li>
<li>Epilepsy is the fourth most common neurological disorder and affects people of all ages.</li>
<li>Anyone can develop epilepsy, but it&rsquo;s more common in young children and older adults. It occurs slightly more in males than in females.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Symptoms:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Alterations to sense of taste, smell, sight, hearing, or touch, dizziness, tingling and twitching of limbs, Staring blankly, unresponsiveness, performing repetitive movements.</li>
<li>It may or may not involve loss of awareness or consciousness.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Cure:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>There&rsquo;s <strong>no cure for epilepsy,</strong> but the disorder can be managed with medications and other strategies.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Initiative to Raise Awareness:</strong> In 2019, a report <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/report-on-epilepsy" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Epilepsy, a public health imperative</strong></a> was released by the <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/world-health-organization-who" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>World Health Organization.</strong></a> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is the first global report on epilepsy summarizing the available evidence on the burden of epilepsy and the public health response required at global, regional and national levels.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs)</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>APIs, also called bulk drugs, are significant<strong> ingredients in the manufacture</strong> of drugs. The Hubei province of China is the hub of the API manufacturing industry.</li>
<li>India is heavily import-dependent for APIs from China. India&rsquo;s API imports stand at around $3.5 billion per year, and around 70%, or $2.5 billion, come from China.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/business/msn-group-to-unveil-drug-to-treat-epilepsy/article33883235.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
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