Rapid Fire
Biomaterials
- 05 Feb 2026
- 3 min read
India is witnessing increasing policy and industrial focus on biomaterials as cleaner material substitutes amid global shifts towards circular economy models, low-carbon manufacturing and fossil-fuel import substitution.
- About: Biomaterials are materials derived wholly or partly from biological sources, or produced using biological processes.
- They are designed to replace or interact with conventional petroleum-based materials across sectors such as packaging, textiles, construction and healthcare.
- Common examples include bioplastics made from plant sugars or starch, bio-based fibres used in textiles, and medical biomaterials such as biodegradable sutures and tissue scaffolds.
- Types: Biomaterials are broadly classified based on their chemical similarity to fossil-based materials and their compatibility with existing manufacturing systems.
- Drop-in Biomaterials: Chemically identical to fossil-based materials and compatible with existing manufacturing systems (e.g., Bio-PET).
- Drop-out Biomaterials: Chemically different from petroleum materials and require new processing, recycling or composting systems (e.g., Polylactic Acid – PLA).
- Novel Biomaterials: Advanced bio-engineered materials offering new properties such as self-healing materials, bio-active implants and advanced composites.
- Significance: Indigenous biomaterials can reduce fossil-based imports, create value from agricultural residues, support climate and circular economy goals, and enhance the global competitiveness of Indian exports.
- India’s biomaterials sector is gaining momentum as a strategic sustainability and industrial opportunity, with the bioplastics market valued at about $500 million in 2024 and strong growth expected.
- Major investments like Balrampur Chini Mills’ PLA plant in Uttar Pradesh and innovations by startups such as Phool.co and Praj Industries highlight domestic progress.
- International Approaches to Biomaterial Adoption: The European Union recognises compostable packaging under its Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation.
- The United Arab Emirates is developing the world’s largest PLA facility through Emirates Biotech, and the United States promotes biomaterials via the USDA BioPreferred Program.
| Read more: Promoting Circular Economy |
