Article Tags

You searched “Human Resource”. Your tag search matches the following results:

Sankalp Se Siddhi: TRIFED

Why in News The Tribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation of India (TRIFED), under the Ministry of Tribal Affairs, has launched...

06 Apr 2021 Human Resource
International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination

Why in News Every year, 21st March, is observed as International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination. The day calls for solidarity...

06 Apr 2021 Human Resource
Increased Maternal Deaths Due to Covid: Lancet Report

Why in News According to a study published in The Lancet Global Health Journal, the failure of the health system to cope with Covid-19 pandemic...

03 Apr 2021 Human Resource
Rights of Overseas Citizens of India

Why in News Recently, the government has notified a consolidated list of rights of the Overseas Citizens of India (OCI). The rights and...

08 Mar 2021 Human Resource
QS World Subject Rankings 2021

Why in News 25 programmes offered by higher education institutions in India ranked among the top 100 in the world in their respective subject...

06 Mar 2021 Human Resource
Karnataka’s Engineering Research & Development Policy

Why in News Recently, Karnataka launched the country’s maiden Engineering Research & Development (ER&D) Policy. Key...

03 Mar 2021 Human Resource
Draft National Migrant Labour Policy

Why in News Recently, NITI Aayog, along with a working subgroup of officials and members of civil society, has prepared a draft National Migrant...

24 Feb 2021 Human Resource
Status of WASH in Healthcare Facilities in India: CDDEP

Why in News A recent research from Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics and Policy (CDDEP), USA, has estimated the cost of ensuring WASH and...

22 Feb 2021 Human Resource
Liberalisation of the Geo-Spatial Sector

Why in News Recently, the Ministry of Science and Technology released new guidelines for the Geo-Spatial Sector in India, which deregulates existing...

16 Feb 2021 Human Resource
Budget 2021 Highlights: Inclusive Development for Aspirational India and Reinvigorating Human Capital

Why in News Recently, the Finance Minister presented the Union Budget 2021-22. This was the first digital budget. This section deals with the...

03 Feb 2021 Human Resource
Padma Awards 2021

Why in News Recently, the Padma Awards for the year 2021 were announced on the occasion of 72nd Republic Day. Key Points Awardees (2021): A...

27 Jan 2021 Human Resource
ShramShakti Portal

Why in News Recently, the Ministry of Tribal Affairs has launched “ShramShakti”- a National Migration Support Portal, to smooth the...

25 Jan 2021 Human Resource
The Big Picture: India and the Vaccination Drive

Why in News? India began the "World's Largest Vaccination Program" on January 16, 2021. The Prime Minister of India said that India is entering...

19 Jan 2021 Human Resource
Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana 3.0

Why in News The Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) has launched Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) 3.0, in a bid to...

16 Jan 2021 Human Resource
Severe Stress Among Army Personnel

Why in News According to the findings of a study by United Service Institution of India (USI), a Service think tank, more than half of Indian Army...

12 Jan 2021 Human Resource
Longitudinal Ageing Study of India

Why in News Recently, the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare has released the Longitudinal Ageing Study of India (LASI) Wave-1 Report on the...

07 Jan 2021 Human Resource
Fighting Drug Addiction

Why in News Recently, people in a few villages of Jodhpur district’s Bilara block, Rajasthan have come together to tackle Drug Addiction among...

04 Jan 2021 Human Resource
Draft National Science Technology and Innovation Policy, 2020

Why in News Recently, the draft of the 5th National Science Technology and Innovation Policy (STIP) has been uploaded by the Department of Science...

02 Jan 2021 Human Resource
Updating Census Registers

Why in News Recently, the Registrar General of India (RGI) has written to all State coordinators to update the census register. A census is the...

24 Dec 2020 Human Resource
Recognition of Prior Learning Programme

Why in News The Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) is conducting a Special Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) programme for...

23 Dec 2020 Human Resource

Warning (2): count(): Parameter must be an array or an object that implements Countable [ROOT/plugins/Drishti/src/Template/Element/rightsection.ctp, line 100]

Code Context


<?php if(count($updates)>0){?>
  <div class="updates">

$viewFile = '/var/www/drishtiias.com/public_html/plugins/Drishti/src/Template/Element/rightsection.ctp'
$dataForView = [
	'progress' => [],
	'bookmarks' => [],
	'notes' => [],
	'mynote' => [],
	'topdata' => [
		(int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	'searchdata' => [],
	'amonth' => 'April',
	'ayear' => '2021',
	'articles' => [
		(int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 3 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 4 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 5 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 6 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 7 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 8 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 9 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 10 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 11 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 12 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 13 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 14 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 15 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 16 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 17 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 18 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 19 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	'tags' => [
		(int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	'title' => 'Article Tags'
]
$progress = []
$bookmarks = []
$notes = []
$mynote = []
$topdata = [
	(int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'url' => 'https://www.drishtiias.com/images/pdf/UPSC_Press%20Release_19042021%20Drishti%20IAS.pdf',
		'title' => 'UPSC Press Release April 2021',
		'type' => (int) 1,
		'date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'news'
	
	},
	(int) 1 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'url' => 'https://www.drishtiias.com/estore/english-books/all-english-books/Indian-and-World-Geography',
		'title' => 'New book release: Indian and World Geography - Prelims Practice Series (PPS)',
		'type' => (int) 1,
		'date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'news'
	
	}
]
$searchdata = []
$amonth = 'April'
$ayear = '2021'
$articles = [
	(int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 8085,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Sankalp Se Siddhi: TRIFED',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-national-institutions/apeda-trifed" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Tribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation of India (TRIFED)</strong></a>, under the<strong> Ministry of Tribal Affairs,</strong> has launched <strong>&ldquo;Sankalp se Siddhi&rdquo; - Village and Digital Connect Drive.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The <strong>main aim</strong> of this drive is to<strong> activate the Van Dhan Vikas Kendras (VDVKs) in the villages.</strong></li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About Sankalp se Siddhi Drive:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The drive will entail 150 teams (10 in each region from TRIFED and State Implementation Agencies/Mentoring Agencies/Partners) visiting ten villages each. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Thus, 100 villages in each region and 1500 villages in the country will be covered.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The visiting teams will also<strong> identify locations and shortlist potential Van Dhan Vikas Kendras </strong>for clustering as <strong>TRIFOOD,</strong> and <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/scheme-of-fund-for-regeneration-of-traditional-industries#:~:text=The%20Ministry%20of%20MSME%20is,competitive%20and%20increase%20their%20income." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>SFURTI</strong></a> units as larger enterprises. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/scheme-of-fund-for-regeneration-of-traditional-industries#:~:text=The%20Ministry%20of%20MSME%20is,competitive%20and%20increase%20their%20income." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Scheme of Fund for Regeneration of Traditional Industries (SFURTI)</strong></a> is a scheme of the <strong>Ministry of Micro, Small &amp; Medium Enterprises (MSME).</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Rs. 200 crore Sales during the next 12 months is targeted</strong> as a result of this initiative once the VDVKs are activated in these 1500 villages.</li>
<li>The teams will <strong>also identify tribal artisans and other groups</strong> and empanel them as suppliers so that they can have access to larger markets through the <strong>Tribes India network &ndash;</strong> both<strong> physical outlets and TribesIndia.com.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Other Involvements of the TRIFED:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Village and Digital Connect Initiative:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>To <strong>ensure that existing schemes and initiatives reach the tribals,</strong> TRIFED&rsquo;s regional officials across the country have been visiting identified villages with a significant tribal population.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Schemes for Ensuring Fair Prices to Tribals:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Schemes such as <strong>Mechanism for Marketing of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/msp-hiked-for-minor-forest-produce#:~:text=MFP%2Drich%20districts.-,Minor%20Forest%20Produce%20(MFP),live%20in%20or%20near%20forests." target="_blank" rel="noopener">Minor Forest Produce (MFP)</a> Through <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/minimum-support-price-for-crops#:~:text=One%20of%20the%20major%20demands,of%20the%20cost%20of%20production." target="_blank" rel="noopener">Minimum Support Price (MSP)</a></strong> and <strong>Development of Value Chain for MFP </strong>provide<strong> MSP to gatherers of forest produces.</strong></li>
<li>The schemes <strong>ensure sustainability of the resource base</strong> by addressing the problems that tribals face such as perishable nature of the produce, lack of holding capacity, lack of marketing infrastructure, exploitation by middlemen, etc.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Tech For Tribals:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Tech For Tribals program aims to<strong> transform 5 crore Tribal Entrepreneurs</strong> by capacity building and imparting entrepreneurship skills to tribal forest produce gatherers enrolled under the<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/van-dhan-internship-programme" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Pradhan Mantri Van Dhan Yojana (PMVDY).</strong></a><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The Van Dhan Vikas Yojana is an initiative of the <strong>Ministry of Tribal Affairs and TRIFED.</strong> It was launched to improve tribal incomes through value addition of tribal products.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The program will ensure higher success rate of the Tribal Entrepreneurs by enabling and empowering them to run their business with marketable products with quality certifications.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Van Dhan Vikas Kendras:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Van Dhan Vikas Kendras have been provided by <strong>Van Dhan Vikas Yojana.</strong></li>
<li>Van Dhan Vikas Kendra (VDVKs) are for providing <strong>skill upgradation and capacity building training</strong> to tribals and setting up of primary processing and value addition facilities.</li>
<li>Tribals are trained here and then provided with working capital to add value to the products, which they collect from the jungle.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>TRIFOOD Scheme:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It is a <strong>joint initiative of the Ministry of Food Processing Industry, Ministry of Tribal Affairs and TRIFED</strong> and it promotes value addition to MFP.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1709433" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:PIB</strong></a></p>',
		'posturl' => 'sankalp-se-siddhi-trifed',
		'publishon' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'tag' => 'Human Resource',
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'articles'
	
	},
	(int) 1 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 8084,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Every year, <strong>21<sup>st</sup> March,</strong> is observed as <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/important-facts-for-prelims-23rd-march-2019#:~:text=International%20Day%20for%20the%20Elimination,populism%20and%20extreme%20supremacist%20ideologies." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination.</strong></a></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The day calls for<strong> solidarity against racism </strong>and<strong> racial discrimination.</strong></li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The<a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/united-nations-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> United Nation General Assembly</strong></a> in October 1966 proclaimed<strong> 21<sup>st</sup> March</strong> as the International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, to be commemorated annually.</li>
<li>On that day, in <strong>1960, police opened fire and killed 69 people</strong> at a peaceful demonstration in Sharpeville, South Africa<strong>, against the <a href="/loksabha-rajyasabha-discussions/the-big-picture-india-africa-partnership" target="_blank" rel="noopener">apartheid</a> pass laws.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Aparthied:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It was a policy which governed <strong>relations between South Africa&rsquo;s white minority and non-white majority.</strong></li>
<li>It<strong> sanctioned racial segregation,</strong> poltical and economic discrimination against non-whites.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Proclaiming the Day in <strong>1966</strong> which signifies the struggle to <strong>end the policy of apartheid in South Africa.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>2021 Theme:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>&lsquo;Youth standing up against racism'</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Significance:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Racial discrimination, beyond being a breach of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/human-rights-day-2#:~:text=These%20are%20rights%20inherent%20to,and%20education%2C%20and%20many%20more." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>human rights</strong></a>, has harmful effects on human health and well-being, and risks wider disruptions to social cohesion.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Racism</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Racism, also called racialism, the belief that <strong>humans may be divided into separate and exclusive biological entities</strong> called<strong> &ldquo;races&rdquo;;</strong> that there is a causal <strong>link between inherited physical traits and traits of personality, intellect, morality, and other cultural and behavioral features;</strong> and that some races are innately superior to others.</li>
<li>The term is also applied to political, economic, or legal institutions and systems that engage in or perpetuate discrimination on the basis of race or otherwise reinforce racial inequalities in wealth and income, education, health care, civil rights, and other areas.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Note</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Xenophobia</strong> and Racism mostly overlap, but the stark difference is<strong> racism is discrimination based on physical characteristics</strong> whereas <strong>xenophobia is discrimination based on the perception that someone is foreign</strong> or originating from another community or nation. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The word Xenophobia originates from the Greek word Xeno.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1617694422_image2.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1617694422_image2.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="600" caption="false" /></a></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Current Prevalence:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The <strong>anonymity of the Internet</strong> has allowed <strong>racist stereotypes</strong> and inaccurate information to spread online. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>At the onset of the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/future-pandemics-and-reduction-measures" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>pandemic</strong></a>, traffic to hate sites and specific posts against Asians <strong>grew by 200% in the US.</strong></li>
<li>In India and in Sri Lanka, social media groups and messaging platforms were used to call for <strong>social and economic boycotts of religious minorities,</strong> amid false information accusing them of spreading the virus.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Structural forms of discrimination, including <strong>micro-aggressions</strong> and everyday indignities, remain widespread.</li>
<li>The <strong>use of new technologies and artificial intelligence in security raise the spectre of &lsquo;techno-racism&rsquo;,</strong> as facial recognition programmes can misidentify and target racialized communities.</li>
<li>Prejudiced attitudes and discriminatory acts, whether subtle or overt, aggravate existing inequalities in societies. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>A study published by The Lancet drew attention to the social dimension of the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/covid-19-now-pandemic-who" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Covid-19 pandemic</strong></a> and the greater vulnerability of ethnic minorities, who have been disproportionately affected.</li>
<li>The <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/world-health-organization-who" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>World Health Organization</strong></a> has cautioned on the dangers of profiling and stigmatising communities that can lead to fear and the subsequent concealment of cases and delays in detection.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Other Initiatives Against Racism:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/unesco-5" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization&rsquo;s (UNESCO)</strong></a> actions against racism through education, the sciences, culture, and communication offer an example of a way forward.
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The<strong> International Coalition of Inclusive and Sustainable Cities</strong> of UNESCO provides an additional platform for city-level planning and a laboratory for good practices in the fight against racism.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>UNESCO&rsquo;s headquarters in Paris hosted a <strong>Global Forum against Racism and Discrimination</strong> on 22<sup>nd</sup> March 2021, in partnership with the Republic of Korea. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The Forum gathered policymakers, academics, and partners to initiate a new multi-stakeholder partnership on anti-racism.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>In January 2021 the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/davos-dialogue-world-economic-forum" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>World Economic Forum</strong></a> launched a <strong>coalition of organizations </strong>committed to <strong>improving racial and ethnic justice in the workplace.</strong></li>
<li>The <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/uk-to-issue-coin-in-honour-of-mahatma-gandhi" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>&lsquo;Black Lives Matter&rsquo;</strong> </a>protests gained momentum in not only the United States but the whole world. People, as well as many governments across different countries, came forth against the prevalence of racial discrimination worldwide.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Provisions Against Racial Discrimination in India:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><a href="/to-the-points/Paper2/important-articles-from-indian-constitution-compilation-part-i" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Article 15, Article 16 and Article 29</strong></a> of the Constitution of India prohibit discrimination on grounds of &ldquo;race&rdquo;.</li>
<li>Section 153A of the<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/a-road-map-for-criminal-justice-system" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Indian Penal Code (IPC)</strong> </a>also refers to &ldquo;race&rdquo;.</li>
<li>India also ratified the <strong>International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD)</strong> in 1968.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Way Forward</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Through <strong>new approaches to intercultural dialogue and learning, youth and communities</strong> can be equipped with skills to eradicate harmful stereotypes and foster tolerance.</li>
<li>Recent and new manifestations of racism and discrimination call for renewed commitments to mobilise for equality. Racism will not be overcome with mere professions of good faith but <strong>must be combatted with anti-racist action. </strong></li>
<li><strong>A global culture of tolerance, equality and anti-discrimination</strong> should be built first and foremost in the minds of women and men.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/a-road-map-for-tolerance/article34238920.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:TH</strong></a></p>',
		'posturl' => 'international-day-for-the-elimination-of-racial-discrimination',
		'publishon' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'tag' => 'Human Resource',
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'articles'
	
	},
	(int) 2 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 8069,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Increased Maternal Deaths Due to Covid: Lancet Report',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>According to a study published in <strong>The Lancet Global Health Journal,</strong> the failure of the health system to cope with <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/comprehensive-action-plan-for-covid-19#:~:text=This%20article%20is%20based%20on,on%2022%2F06%2F2020.&amp;text=Covid%2D19%20pandemic%20is%20a,than%20merely%20a%20biomedical%20one." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Covid-19 pandemic</strong></a> resulted in an <strong>increase in maternal deaths and stillbirths.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The report is an <strong>analysis of 40 studies across 17 countries</strong> including Brazil, Mexico, the US, Canada, the U.K., Denmark, Netherlands, Italy, India, China and Nepal.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1617441085_image3.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1617441085_image3.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="550" caption="false" /></a></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Global Scenario:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Increase in Death:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Overall, there was a <strong>28% increase in the odds of stillbirth,</strong> and the <strong>risk of mothers dying during pregnancy or childbirth increased by about one-third.</strong></li>
<li>The disruption caused by the Covid-19 pandemic has led to <strong>avoidable deaths of both mothers and babies.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>There was also a <strong>rise in maternal depression. </strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Poor Countries More Affected:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Covid-19 impact on pregnancy outcomes was disproportionately<strong> high on poorer countries.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Marginalised are the Sufferers:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The<strong> impact was high among the marginalised</strong> across various settings such as: <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>In <strong>Nepal</strong> where hospital deliveries decreased most markedly among disadvantaged groups.</li>
<li>In <strong>the U.K.,</strong> where 88% of pregnant women, who died during the first wave of the pandemic, were from black and minority ethnic groups.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Indian Scenario:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>During the months of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/covid-19-and-lockdown" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>national lockdown</strong></a> in 2020 between April and June, compared to the same period in 2019, there was:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>27%</strong> drop in pregnant women receiving four or more ante-natal check-ups.</li>
<li><strong>28%</strong> decline in institutional deliveries.</li>
<li><strong>22%</strong> decline in prenatal services.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Reason:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Failure of Healthcare:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The <strong>inefficiency of the healthcare system and their inability to cope with the pandemic</strong> instead of strict lockdown measures resulted in <strong>reduced access to care.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Societal Changes:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Wider societal changes could have also led to deterioration in maternal health including <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/domestic-violence-during-lockdown" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>intimate-partner violence</strong></a> (domestic violence), <strong>loss of employment and additional care-responsibilities because of closure of schools.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Suggestions:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Device Strategies:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Policy makers and healthcare leaders must <strong>urgently investigate robust strategies for preserving safe and respectful maternity care,</strong> even during the ongoing global emergency.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Avoid Rolling Back of Investments:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Immediate action is required to<strong> avoid rolling back decades of investment</strong> in reducing mother and infant mortality in low-resource settings.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Don't Redeploy Personnel for Maternity Services:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Personnel for maternity services <strong>not be redeployed for other critical and medical care</strong> during the pandemic and in response to future health system shocks.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Some Indian Initiatives for Mother and Child health:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/laqshya-labour-room-quality-improvement-initiative" target="_blank" rel="noopener">LaQshya program</a>.</strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/central-council-of-health-and-family-welfare-conference" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Safe Motherhood Assurance (SUMAN) initiative</a>.</strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/national-health-mission-and-janani-suraksha-yojana" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Janani Suraksha Yojana</a>.</strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/new-tool-to-reduce-maternal-mortality" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakaram (JSSK)</a>.</strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/pradhan-mantri-matru-vandana-yojana" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY)</a>.</strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/mission-indradhanush-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Mission Indradhanush</a>.</strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/poshan-abhiyaan" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Poshan Abhiyan</a>.</strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/an-innovative-method-for-boosting-nutrition" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Mother and Child Protection Card</a>.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/covid-19-led-to-rise-in-maternal-deaths-stillbirths/article34225621.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:TH</strong></a></p>',
		'posturl' => 'increased-maternal-deaths-due-to-covid-lancet-report',
		'publishon' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'tag' => 'Human Resource',
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'articles'
	
	},
	(int) 3 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7868,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Rights of Overseas Citizens of India',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the government has notified a consolidated list of rights of the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/overseas-citizenship-of-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Overseas Citizens of India (OCI).</strong></a></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The rights and restrictions are not new, they have been <strong>notified previously in 2005, 2007,</strong> and <strong>2009</strong>. They were also mentioned in an OCI brochure published by the Ministry of Home Affairs in November 2019.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Multiple Entry Lifelong Visa:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>OCI cardholders will be entitled to get multiple entry lifelong visas for visiting India for any purpose.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Prior Permission:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>OCI cards would need prior permission for a set of activities that include <strong>research, journalism, mountaineering, missionary or Tablighi work</strong>, and <strong>visits to restricted areas.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Parity with Non Resident Indians (NRIs):</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>OCI cardholders will enjoy parity with <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/right-to-vote-for-nris#:~:text=Visiting%20NRIs%20whose%20total%20income,120%20days%20for%20all%20NRIs." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>NRIs</strong></a> in <strong>adoption of children, appearing in competitive exams, purchase or sale of immovable property</strong> barring agricultural land and farmhouses, and <strong>pursuing professions</strong> such as doctors, lawyers, architects, and chartered accountants.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Parity with Indian Nationals:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>They have parity with Indian nationals in the matter of domestic air fares, entry fees to monuments and public places.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Entrance Exams and Admissions:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>OCIs <strong>can appear</strong> for all-India entrance tests such as <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/national-testing-agency-postpones-neet-2020" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET)</strong></a>, Joint Entrance Examination (Mains), Joint Entrance Examination (Advanced) or such other tests <strong>to make them eligible for admission only against any NRI seat or any supernumerary seat.</strong></li>
<li>The OCI cardholder <strong>shall not be eligible for admission against any seat reserved exclusively for Indian citizens.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Other Economic, Financial and Educational fields:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>In respect of all other economic, financial and educational fields not specified in the latest notification or the rights and privileges not covered by the notifications made by the <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-national-institutions/important-institutions-national-institution-reserve-bank-of-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Reserve Bank of India</strong></a> under the<strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/liberalised-remittance-scheme" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999</a></strong>,&nbsp; the <strong>OCI cardholder shall have the same rights and privileges as a foreigner.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Exemption:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>They are exempted from registration with the <strong>Foreigners&rsquo; Regional Registration Officer (FRRO)</strong> for any length of stay in India.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Foreigners visiting India who <strong>hold long-term visas (more than 180 days) are required to register their presence</strong> in India with the Foreigners&rsquo; Regional Registration Office (FRRO).</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Restrictions:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>There will be <strong>no restriction in visiting religious places</strong> and attending normal religious activities like attending religious discourses.</li>
<li>However, preaching religious ideologies, making speeches in religious places, distribution of audio or visual display/pamphlets pertaining to religious ideologies, spreading conversion etc. <strong>will not be allowed.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Overseas Citizen of India</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The <strong>Ministry of Home Affairs</strong> defines an OCI as a person who:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Was a citizen of India on or after <strong>26<sup>th</sup> January 1950</strong>; or</li>
<li>Was eligible to become a citizen of India on <strong>26<sup>th</sup> January 1950</strong>; or</li>
<li>Is a <strong>child or grandchild of such a person</strong>, among other eligibility criteria.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>According to <strong>Section 7A of the OCI card rules</strong>, an applicant is not eligible for the OCI card if he, his parents or grandparents have ever been a citizen of Pakistan or Bangladesh. The category was introduced by the government in 2005.</li>
<li>The Government of India via <strong>Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2015</strong> merged the <strong>Person of Indian Origin (PIO) category with OCI category</strong> in 2015.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Non Resident Indian</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>A Non-Resident Indian (NRI) means a person resident outside India who is a <strong>citizen of India</strong> or is a person of Indian origin.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>An Indian citizen residing outside India for a combined total of at least <strong>183 days in a financial year</strong> is considered to be an NRI.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>NRIs <strong>enjoy voting rights</strong> and are required to <strong>pay and file the income tax return</strong> on their Indian income like resident Indians.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>NRI is more of a technical classification for taxation purposes and investment purposes.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>However, in case an <strong>NRI wishes to take up foreign citizenship, he/she will have to give up Indian citizenship</strong> as the Indian constitution does not allow dual citizenship. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>A person cannot hold Indian as well as foreign citizenship simultaneously.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Foreigner</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>As per the the <strong>Foreigners Act, 1946</strong>, foreigner means a person who is not a citizen of India.</li>
<li>The Fundamental Rights guaranteed by <strong>Articles 14, 20, 21, 21A, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 and 28</strong> are <strong>available to all persons whether citizens or foreigners.</strong> The <strong>Fundamental Rights guaranteed by Articles 15, 16, 19, 29, and 30</strong> are <strong>available only to citizens </strong>of India.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/oci-cardholders-require-special-permit-if-they-want-to-undertake-tabligh-media-activities-govt-7215472/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:IE</strong></a></p>',
		'posturl' => 'rights-of-overseas-citizens-of-india',
		'publishon' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'tag' => 'Human Resource',
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'articles'
	
	},
	(int) 4 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7858,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'QS World Subject Rankings 2021',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p><strong>25 programmes</strong> offered by higher education institutions in India <strong>ranked among the top 100 in the world</strong> in their respective subject categories, according to the <strong>latest edition (11<sup>th</sup>) of the QS World University Rankings by Subject.</strong></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About the QS World Subject Rankings:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Quacquarelli Symonds (QS):</strong> It is a leading global career and education network for ambitious professionals looking to further their personal and professional development.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>QS develops and successfully implements methods of comparative data collection and analysis used to highlight institutions&rsquo; strengths.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>QS World University Rankings:</strong> It is <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/qs-world-university-rankings" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>an annual publication</strong></a> of university rankings which <strong>comprises the global overall and subject rankings.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Six parameters and their weightage</strong> for the evaluation:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Academic Reputation (40%)</li>
<li>Employer Reputation (10%)</li>
<li>Faculty/Student Ratio (20%)</li>
<li>Citations per faculty (20%)</li>
<li>International Faculty Ratio (5%)</li>
<li>International Student Ratio (5%)</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>QS World University Rankings by Subject:</strong> It calculates performance based on <strong>four parameters</strong> &mdash; academic reputation, employer reputation, research impact (citations per paper) and the productivity of an institution&rsquo;s research faculty.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Top Performers:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Globally <strong>Massachusetts Institute of Technology</strong> (MIT -USA) and <strong>Harvard</strong> (USA) <strong>are among top performers, Russia and China record best-ever performances.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>India&rsquo;s Performance:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The 2021 QS&rsquo;s global university performance comparison offered independent <strong>data on the performance of 253 programs at 52 Indian higher education institutions, across 51 academic disciplines.</strong></li>
<li>The <strong>number of Indian universities/institutes in the top 100 subject rankings </strong>has<strong> increased from 8 to 12 this year.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>12 Indian institutions</strong> that have made it to the top 100 of the world - IIT Bombay, IIT Delhi, IIT Madras, IIT Kharagpur, IISC Bangalore, IIT Guwahati, IIM Bangalore, IIM Ahmedabad, JNU, Anna University, University of Delhi and OP Jindal University.</li>
<li><strong>IIT-Bombay has cornered more top 100 positions</strong> than any other Indian institution.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Except one, all the 25 programmes are in institutions run by either the state or union government.</strong> However, <strong>last year, this number stood at 26.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>17 of the 25</strong> globally ranked Indian programmes are in <strong>engineering. IIT-Madras&rsquo;s Petroleum Engineering programme registered the best performance among Indian institutes</strong> - 30<sup>th</sup> in the world.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The <strong>government-run <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/institutions-of-eminence-scheme" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Institutions of Eminence (IoE)</a> remains significantly better-represented in the rankings</strong> than the private ones.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>OP Jindal Global University</strong> has entered the global top-100 for law (76<sup>th</sup>). This is the <strong>only top-100 result achieved by a private IoE.</strong></li>
<li><strong>IoE:</strong> It is a government's scheme to provide the regulatory architecture for setting up or upgrading of 20 Institutions (10 from public sector and 10 from the private sector) as world-class teaching and research institutions.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The<strong> All India Institute of Medical Sciences remained the only institution in the top 300 in the area of life sciences and medicine,</strong> but also dropped more than 10 places.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Analysis:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>One of the biggest <strong>challenges faced by India is providing high-quality tertiary education</strong> in the face of exploding demand - this much was recognized by last year&rsquo;s <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/national-education-policy-2020" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>National Education Policy (NEP)</strong></a>, which set the ambitious target of a 50% gross enrolment ratio by 2035. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It should therefore be <strong>small cause for concern that the number of Indian programs featuring across 51 subject rankings has actually decreased over the last year &ndash;</strong> from 235 to 233.</li>
<li>While this is a minor decrease, it is indicative of the fact that<strong> expanding provision in a way that does not sacrifice quality</strong> remains a highly-challenging task.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>A <strong>number of programs at India&rsquo;s privately-run prospective Institutions of Eminence have made progress</strong> this year, demonstrating the positive role that well-regulated private provision can have in enhancing India&rsquo;s higher education sector.</li>
<li><strong>India</strong> remains<strong> at the forefront of global environmental science research.</strong> Data indicates that <strong>India ranks 5<sup>th</sup> in terms of its research footprint</strong> in this field &ndash; behind only Germany, China, the United Kingdom, and the United States.</li>
<li><strong>Commonalities between nations</strong> that are improving and nations that are not <strong>(three factors):</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>First, <strong>an international outlook &ndash;</strong> both in terms of faculty body and research relationships&ndash; correlates strongly with improved performance.</li>
<li>Second, rising universities have received<strong> strong targeted investment from governments</strong> over a decade or more&ndash; particularly in China, Russia, and Singapore.</li>
<li>Third, <strong>improving relationships with industry</strong> is correlated with better employment, research, and innovation outcomes.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>National Institutional Ranking Framework</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The <strong>Ministry of Human Resource Development (now Ministry of Education)</strong> established the <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/india-rankings-2020-nirf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF)</a> in September 2015.</strong></li>
<li>This framework <strong>outlines a methodology to rank institutions across the country</strong> according to parameters covering: Teaching, Learning and Resources; Research and Professional Practice; Graduation Outcomes; Outreach and Inclusivity; and Perception.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/education/india-score-in-qs-subject-ranking-25-programmes-12-institutes-in-top-100-7214720/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: IE</strong></a></p>',
		'posturl' => 'qs-world-subject-rankings-2021',
		'publishon' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'tag' => 'Human Resource',
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'articles'
	
	},
	(int) 5 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7833,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Karnataka’s Engineering Research & Development Policy',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, <strong>Karnataka</strong> launched the <strong>country&rsquo;s maiden Engineering Research &amp; Development (ER&amp;D) Policy.</strong></p>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1614766282_image2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1614766282_image2.jpg" width="500" caption="false" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></strong></a></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Key Sectors:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The new policy identified <strong>five key focus sectors</strong> such as aerospace and defence; auto, auto components and EV; <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/biotechnology-sector-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener">biotechnology</a>,<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/india-s-pharma-sector" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> pharma</a></strong> and medical devices; semiconductors, telecom, and software products.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Skilling:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The government will <strong>invest in skilling, improve academia and industry collaboration</strong>, and also encourage <a href="/to-the-points/paper3/intellectual-property-rights" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>intellectual properties (IPs)</strong></a> creation locally.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Subsidies:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It will offer up to <strong>50% reimbursement of rentals up to Rs 2 crore to <a href="/mains/model-essays/multinational-corporations-savior-or-saboteur" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Multi-National Corporation (MNC)</a></strong> entities beyond Bengaluru Urban district.</li>
<li>It will also offer recruitment assistance and up to 20% subsidy up to Rs. 2 crore for investing in the State beyond Bengaluru.</li>
<li>These subsidies will be assessed on case to case basis based on the investment the companies are making and also employment they generate.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Innovation:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>To promote innovation, the government will provide <strong>funding to colleges</strong> for projects and will also <strong>fund the cost of developing industry-oriented courses in the colleges and universities.</strong> This is so that talents are in line with the industry demand.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Aim:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>To prepare the State to make use of the <strong>future opportunities</strong> emanating from this sector.</li>
<li>To <strong>grow Karnataka&rsquo;s contribution</strong>, develop more IPs, and make Karnataka a skilled knowledge capital.</li>
<li>To <strong>attract MNCs</strong> to establish new ER&amp;D centres in the State or expand their existing facilities through subsidies, market the advantages of the ecosystem to global MNCs and <strong>bridging the gap between engineering talent and opportunity.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Need:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The <strong>ER&amp;D sector in the country</strong> is the fastest growing industry with a <strong>Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 12.8%.</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>CAGR</strong> is the <strong>rate of return</strong> that would be required for an investment to grow from its beginning balance to its ending balance, assuming the profits were reinvested at the end of each year of the investment's lifespan.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The <strong>global engineering research and development industry</strong> is expected to reach a spend of <strong>USD 2 trillion by 2025.</strong></li>
<li>There are about 900 global capability centres for ER&amp;D in India and a <strong>significant share of them in Karnataka.</strong></li>
<li>The State government anticipates the policy has the <strong>potential to create over 50,000 jobs in the ER&amp;D space in five years.</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>According to industry apex body <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/icann-and-nasscom-collaboration" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Nasscom</strong></a>, ER&amp;D has the potential to become a <strong>USD 100-billion industry</strong> in the country in the <strong>next five years.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Linkage between Digital Engineering and <a href="/loksabha-rajyasabha-discussions/in-depth-industrial-revolution-4-0" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Industry 4.0</a></strong>, which reflects in the form of:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Digitalized manufacturing operations &amp; automation</strong> in processes and supply chains;</li>
<li><strong>Product-as-a-Service Business Model</strong>, allowing customers to pay for a desired result (instead of the equipment driving the result);</li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/formulation-of-policy-for-3d-printing" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Additive Manufacturing</strong></a>, which can deconstruct the tedious production processes engaged for complex parts and enhance their functional performance.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/karnataka-launches-indias-first-erd-policy/article33974154.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:TH</strong></a></p>',
		'posturl' => 'karnataka-s-engineering-research-development-policy',
		'publishon' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'tag' => 'Human Resource',
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'articles'
	
	},
	(int) 6 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7764,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Draft National Migrant Labour Policy',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-national-institutions/niti-aayog-national-institution-for-transforming-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>NITI Aayog</strong></a>, along with a working subgroup of officials and members of civil society, has prepared a <strong>draft National Migrant Labour policy.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Earlier in December 2020, the Indian government decided to create a <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/database-of-migrants#:~:text=The%20Government%20has%20decided%20to,workers%20in%20the%20informal%20economy.&amp;text=As%20per%20the%20Census%2C%20India,31%25%20of%20the%20population)." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>database of migrant</strong></a> workers, including workers in the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/1-6-billion-risk-losing-jobs-ilo" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>informal economy</strong></a>.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Migration:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><a href="/to-the-points/paper1/human-migration-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Migration</strong></a> is the <strong>movement of people away from their usual place of residence,</strong> across either internal (within country) or international (across countries) borders.</li>
<li>The latest government data on migration comes from the 2011 <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/census-2021" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Census</a>.</strong> As per the Census, India had <strong>45.6 crore migrants in 2011</strong> (38% of the population) compared to <strong>31.5 crore migrants in 2001</strong> (31% of the population).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Current Issues with Migrants:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Independent Migrants:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The <strong>Inter State Migrant Workers Act, 1979</strong> covers only labourers migrating through a contractor, and<strong> leaves out independent migrants.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Community Building Organisations (CBO):</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The absence of CBO and administrative staff in the source states has hindered access to development programmes, <strong>pushing tribals towards migration.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Lack of Engagement by State Governments:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>State labour departments have little engagement with migration issues, and are in <strong>halting human trafficking mode.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Middlemen:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The local administration, given the usual constraints of manpower, is not in a position to monitor, making the way <strong>for middlemen</strong> to thrive on the situation and entrap migrants.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>NITI Aayog&rsquo;s Draft Approach:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The draft describes two approaches to policy design:
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Focus on <strong>cash transfers, special quotas,</strong> and <strong>reservations.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Enhance the agency and capability</strong> of the community and thereby remove aspects that come in the way of an individual&rsquo;s own natural ability to thrive.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Draft Recommendations:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Facilitate Migration:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Migration should be acknowledged as an <strong>integral part of development,</strong> and government policies should not hinder but seek to<strong> facilitate internal migration.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Increase Wages:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>However, the draft asks source states to<strong> raise minimum wages</strong> to bring major shifts in local livelihood of tribals which may result in stemming migration to some extent.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Central Database:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>There should be a <strong>central database to help employers &ldquo;fill the gap between demand and supply&rdquo;</strong> and ensure <strong>&ldquo;maximum benefit of social welfare schemes&rdquo;.</strong></li>
<li>It asks the Ministries and the Census office to be<strong> consistent with the definitions of migrants and subpopulations,</strong> capture seasonal and circular migrants, and <strong>incorporate migrant-specific variables in existing surveys.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Migration Resource Centres:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The Ministries of Panchayati Raj, Rural Development, and Housing and Urban Affairs should use Tribal Affairs migration data to<strong> help create migration resource centres in high migration zones.</strong></li>
<li>The Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship should focus on <strong>skill-building</strong> at these centres.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Education:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The Ministry of Education should take measures under the <a href="/to-the-points/Paper2/right-to-education" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Right to Education Act 2009</strong></a> to <strong>mainstream migrant children&rsquo;s education,</strong> to map migrant children, and to provide local-language teachers in migrant destinations.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Shelter and Accomodation:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs should address issues of <strong>night shelters, short-stay homes, and seasonal accommodation</strong> for migrants in cities.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Grievance Handling Cells:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/national-legal-services-day-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>National Legal Services authority (NALSA)</strong></a> and Ministry of Labour should set up <strong>grievance handling cells and fast track legal responses</strong> for trafficking, minimum wage violations, and workplace abuses and accidents for migrant workers.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Previous Recommendations:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Report of the Working Group on Migration,</strong> released in January 2017 by the then Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation<strong> recommended a comprehensive law for these workers,</strong> which would form the legal basis for an architecture of social protection.
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>This was in line with the recommendations of a <strong>2007 report by the National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector</strong> under the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Way Forward</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>A rights-based approach to welfare and social security would <strong>work only if the workers have agency, politicisation, unionisation and mobilisation</strong> as workers in the past have forced parties and governments to see welfare as an essential aspect of industrial development.</li>
<li>The government has taken steps to ensure portability of welfare schemes, especially access to the<a href="/to-the-points/paper3/public-distribution-system-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> public distribution system</strong></a>, beyond state borders. <strong>More needs to be done on that front.</strong></li>
<li>The NITI Aayog draft is a <strong>prompt to reimagine labour-capital relations</strong> while integrating the migrant workers within the formal workforce. This is <strong>necessary to build a compassionate society and a competitive economy.</strong></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/niti-aayog-migrant-workers-policy-covid-lockdown-7201753/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:IE</strong></a></p>',
		'posturl' => 'draft-national-migrant-labour-policy',
		'publishon' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'tag' => 'Human Resource',
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'articles'
	
	},
	(int) 7 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7748,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Status of WASH in Healthcare Facilities in India: CDDEP',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>A recent research from <strong>Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics and Policy (CDDEP),</strong> USA, has estimated the cost of ensuring WASH and taking related steps for infection prevention and control for one year in healthcare facilities across India.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>CDDEP aims to use research to support better decision-making in health policy.</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg" p=""><strong>WASH</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>WASH is an acronym that <strong>stands for the interrelated areas of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene.</strong></li>
<li>The <a href="/summary-of-important-reports/who-wash-strategy" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>World Health Organisation (WHO) WASH Strategy</strong></a> has been developed in response to Member State Resolution (WHA 64.4) and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (SDG 3: Good Health and Well Being, SDG 6: Clean Water And Sanitation).</li>
<li>It is a<strong> component of WHO&rsquo;s 13<sup>th</sup> General Programme of Work 2019&ndash;2023</strong> which aims to contribute to the health of three billion through multisectoral actions like better emergency preparedness and response; and one billion with <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/universal-health-coverage-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Universal Health Coverage (UHC).</strong></a></li>
<li>It also takes on board the need for progressive realization of the human rights to safe drinking-water and sanitation, adopted by the <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/united-nations-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>UN General Assembly</strong></a> in July 2010.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Need for Study: </strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Inadequate Healthcare And Sanitation Facilities:</strong> A 2019 joint global baseline report by WHO and UNICEF had pointed out that globally, one in four healthcare facilities lacked basic water servicing and one in five had no sanitation service and 42% had no hygiene facilities at point of care.</li>
<li><strong>Economic Importance of Sanitation:</strong> A 2012 WHO report had calculated that for every dollar invested in sanitation, there was USD 5.50 to be gained in lower health costs, more productivity and fewer premature deaths.</li>
<li><strong>Fatalities due to Improper Implementation of the WAH Strategy:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>A WHO document on WASH in healthcare facilities points out that 8,27,000 people in low- and middle-income countries die as a result of inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene each year.</li>
<li>Also, death of 2,97,000 children under five years can be prevented each year if better WASH could be provided.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Objectives of the Study:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>To determine the cost-effectiveness of WASH interventions to reduce healthcare-associated infections among mother and neonates across the Indian healthcare system.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Findings:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Cost Estimates:</strong> Improving WASH across the public healthcare facilities in India and maintaining this for a year would cost Rs. 2567 crores approximately in capital costs and Rs. 2095 crores in recurrent expenses.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Costly Interventions:</strong> Providing clean water, linen reprocessing and sanitation.</li>
<li><strong>Least Expensive Interventions:</strong> Hand hygiene, medical device reprocessing and environmental surface cleaning.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Healthcare Associated Infections:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Inadequacies in proving WASH and also lack of infection prevention and control can lead to healthcare associated infections.</li>
<li><strong>Causative Agents:</strong> The pathogens like <em><strong>Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Streptococcus pneumoniae</strong></em> have been found to be causative agents of healthcare associated infections because of their <strong>ability to develop resistance to antibiotics.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Common Healthcare Associated Infections:</strong> Central-line-associated bloodstream infections, Catheter-associated urinary tract infections, Surgical site infections and Ventilator-associated pneumonia.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Importance of the Study: </strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Suggests Suitable Strategies:</strong> Findings show that addressing gaps in WASH across the Indian healthcare system is not only within the realm of possibility in terms of affordability &ndash; when compared to other national health campaigns &ndash; but can also be combined with other national efforts to address health priorities such as <a href="/to-the-points/paper3/to-the-point-paper-3-antimicrobial-resistance-amr" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>antimicrobial resistance.</strong></a><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It also highlights the need for a concerted effort from local bodies, State and Central governments to sustainably <strong>address quality and inequality issues in WASH provision.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Improve Healthcare Policy Framing:</strong> The intersection between WASH, infection prevention and control and antimicrobial resistance is unique in that it offers policy makers an opportunity to address multiple overlapping problems through interventions on WASH in healthcare facilities.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/an-estimate-of-wash-across-healthcare-facilities-in-india/article33889963.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:TH</strong></a></p>',
		'posturl' => 'status-of-wash-in-healthcare-facilities-in-india-cddep',
		'publishon' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'tag' => 'Human Resource',
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'articles'
	
	},
	(int) 8 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7698,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Liberalisation of the Geo-Spatial Sector',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the Ministry of Science and Technology released <strong>new guidelines for the Geo-Spatial Sector</strong> in India, which deregulates existing protocol and <strong>liberalises the sector</strong> to a more competitive field.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Geo-Spacial Data:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Geospatial data is data about <strong>objects, events, or phenomena that have a location on the surface of the earth.</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The location may be static in the short-term, like the<strong> location of a road,</strong> an <strong><a href="/to-the-points/paper1/earthquake-4" target="_blank" rel="noopener">earthquake</a> event, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/malnutrition-in-india-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">malnutrition</a></strong> among children, or dynamic like a <strong>moving vehicle</strong> or pedestrian, the<strong> spread of an infectious disease.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>It combines Information on:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Location, </strong></li>
<li><strong>Attribute</strong> (the characteristics of the object, event, or phenomena concerned),</li>
<li><strong>Temporal or time.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The past decade has seen an increase in the use of geo-spatial data in daily life with various apps such as <strong>food delivery, <a href="/to-the-points/paper3/e-commerce-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener">e-commerce</a> or even weather apps.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Current State of the Geo-Spatial Sector:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Strict Restriction:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>There are <strong>strict restrictions on the collection, storage, use, sale, dissemination</strong> of geo-spatial data and mapping under the current regime.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Renewal:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The policy had not been renewed in decades and has been driven by <strong>internal as well as external security concerns. </strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Dominated by Government:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The sector so far is dominated by the Indian government as well as government-run agencies such as the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/sahyog-app-survey-of-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Survey of India</strong></a> and <strong>private companies need to navigate a system of permissions</strong> from different departments of the government (depending on the kind of data to be created) as well as the defence and Home Ministries, to be able to collect, create or disseminate geo-spatial data.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>New Policy:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Open Access:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Open access to its geospatial data and services, including maps, for all Indian entities, with the <strong>exception of sensitive defence or security-related data.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Restrictions Removed:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Indian corporations and innovators are<strong> no longer subject to restrictions nor do they require prior approvals</strong> before they collect, generate, prepare, disseminate, store, publish, update digital geospatial data and maps within the territory of India. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>There shall be <strong>no requirement for security clearance, licence</strong> or any other restrictions.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Reason for Deregulation of Geo-Spacial Data:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Delayed Projects:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>System of acquiring licenses or permission, and the <strong>red tape involved, took months, delaying projects,</strong> especially those that are in mission mode &ndash; for both Indian companies as well as government agencies.</li>
<li>The deregulation eliminates the requirement of permissions as well as scrutiny, even for security concerns. <strong>Indian companies now can self-attest, conforming to government guidelines</strong> without actually having to be monitored by a government agency- these guidelines therefore place a great deal of trust in Indian entities.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Lack of Data:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>There is also a huge lack of data in the country which <strong>impedes planning for infrastructure, development and businesses</strong> which are data-based.</li>
<li>The mapping of the entire country, that too with high accuracy, by the Indian government alone could take decades.</li>
<li>The government therefore felt an urgent <strong>need to incentivise</strong> the geo-spatial sector for Indian companies and increased investment from private players in the sector.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Changing Needs:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>For decades, geo-spatial data has been a priority for strategic reasons and for internal and external security concerns, this priority has seen a shift in the past 15 years.</li>
<li>Initially conceptualised as a matter solely concerned with security, geo-spatial data collection was the prerogative of the defence forces and the government. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/coast-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Geographic Information System (GIS)</strong> </a>mapping was also rudimentary, with the government investing heavily in it after the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/kargil-vijay-diwas" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Kargil war</strong></a> highlighted the dependence on foreign data and the need for indigenous sources of data..</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Geo-spatial data has now become imperative for the government in <strong>planning for infrastructure, development, social development, natural calamities as well as the economy,</strong> with more and more sectors such as agriculture, environment protection, power, water, transportation, communication, health (tracking of diseases, patients, hospitals etc) relying heavily on this data</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Global Push:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>There has also been a global push for open access to geo-spatial as it affects the lives of ordinary citizens.</li>
<li>Large amounts of<strong> geo-spatial data are also available on global platforms,</strong> which makes the regulation of data that is freely available in other countries, untenable.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Impact of Deregulation:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Increased Competitiveness:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>By liberalising the system, the government will <strong>ensure more players in the field, competitiveness of Indian companies in the global market,</strong> and more accurate data available to both the government to formulate plans and administer, but also for individual Indians.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>New Employment:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Startups and businesses can now also use this data in setting up their concerns, especially in the sector of e-commerce or geo-spatial based apps &ndash; which in turn will<strong> increase employment in these sectors.</strong></li>
<li>Indian companies will be able to develop indigenous apps.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Increased Public-Private Partnership:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>There is also likely to be an increase in public-private partnerships with the opening of this sector with data collection companies working with the Indian government on various sectoral projects.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Increased Investment:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The government also expects an increase in investment in the geo-spatial sector by companies, and also an increase in export of data to foreign companies and countries, which in turn<strong> will boost the economy.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/india-is-putting-out-its-mapping-geospatial-data-available-for-general-use/article33842056.ece#:~:text=%E2%80%9CThe%20new%20guidelines%20for%20Maps,lawyer%2C%20said%20in%20a%20tweet." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:TH</strong></a></p>',
		'posturl' => 'liberalisation-of-the-geo-spatial-sector',
		'publishon' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'tag' => 'Human Resource',
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'articles'
	
	},
	(int) 9 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7604,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Budget 2021 Highlights: Inclusive Development for Aspirational India and Reinvigorating Human Capital',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the Finance Minister presented the Union <a href="/to-the-points/paper3/government-budgeting#:~:text=According%20to%20Article%20112%20of,Annual%20Financial%20Statement%20(AFS).&amp;text=The%20economic%20and%20financial%20policy,introduction%20of%20new%20schemes%2Fprojects." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Budget</strong></a> 2021-22. This was the<strong> first digital budget.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>This section deals with the theme <strong>&lsquo;Inclusive Development for Aspirational India and Reinvigorating Human Capital&rsquo;.</strong></li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Inclusive Development for Aspirational India:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Agriculture:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Ensured <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/minimum-support-price" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Minimum Support Price (MSP)</strong></a> at minimum 1.5 times the cost of production across all commodities.</li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/svamitva-scheme" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>SWAMITVA Scheme</strong></a> to be extended to all States/UTs.</li>
<li><a href="/to-the-points/paper3/operation-greens-ttp-1-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Operation Green Scheme</strong></a> to be extended to 22 perishable products, to boost value addition in agriculture and allied products.</li>
<li>1,000 more mandis to be integrated with the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/mandis-under-e-nam-increased" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>National Agricultural Market (e-NAM)</strong></a> to bring transparency and competitiveness.</li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/agriculture-produce-to-agriculture-marketing" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>APMCs (agricultural produce market committee)</strong> </a>to get access to the Agriculture Infrastructure Funds for augmenting infrastructure facilities.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Fisheries:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>5 major fishing harbours &ndash; Kochi, Chennai, Visakhapatnam, Paradip, and Petuaghat to be developed as hubs of economic activity.</li>
<li>Multipurpose <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/pegasus" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Seaweed</a> Park</strong> in Tamil Nadu to promote seaweed cultivation.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Migrant Workers and Labourers:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/one-nation-one-ration-card-3" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>One Nation One Ration Card scheme</strong></a> for beneficiaries to claim rations anywhere in the country - migrant workers to benefit the most.</li>
<li><strong>Portal to collect information on unorganized labour force,</strong> migrant workers especially, to help formulate schemes for them.</li>
<li>Implementation of <strong>4 <a href="/loksabha-rajyasabha-discussions/the-big-picture-the-labour-code-bills" target="_blank" rel="noopener">labour codes</a></strong> underway:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Social security benefits for gig and platform workers</strong> too.</li>
<li><strong>Minimum wages and coverage</strong> under the Employees State Insurance Corporation applicable for all categories of workers.</li>
<li><strong>Women workers</strong> allowed in all categories, including night-shifts with adequate protection.</li>
<li><strong>Compliance burden</strong> on employers reduced with single registration and licensing, and online returns.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Financial Inclusion:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Under <strong>Stand Up India Scheme</strong> for <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/reimagining-the-national-commission-for-scheduled-castes" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Scheduled Castes</strong> </a>(SC), <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/national-commission-for-scheduled-tribes" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Scheduled Tribes</strong></a> (ST) and women,<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Margin money requirement reduced to 15%.</li>
<li>To also include loans for allied agricultural activities.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Reinvigorating Human Capital:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>School Education:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>15,000 schools to be strengthened by implementing all<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/national-education-policy-nep-2020" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> National Education Policy (NEP)</strong> </a>components. Shall act as exemplar schools in their regions for mentoring others.</li>
<li><strong>100 new Sainik Schools</strong> to be set up in partnership with NGOs/private schools/states.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Higher Education:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Legislation to be introduced to set up the <strong>Higher Education Commission of India</strong> as an umbrella body with 4 separate vehicles for <strong>standard-setting, accreditation, regulation, and funding.</strong></li>
<li>Creation of formal umbrella structure to cover all Government colleges, universities, research institutions in a city for greater synergy.</li>
<li><strong>Central University to come up in Leh</strong> for accessibility of higher education in Ladakh.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Welfare:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>750 <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/eklavya-model-residential-and-day-boarding-schools" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Eklavya model residential schools</strong></a> in tribal areas.</li>
<li>Revamped <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/scholarship-schemes-in-india#:~:text=Post%20Matric%20Scholarship%20for%20SCs,government%20and%20Union%20Territory%20administration.&amp;text=The%20scholarship%20is%20available%20for,2%2C50%2C000%20per%20annum%20." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Post Matric Scholarship Scheme</strong></a> for welfare of SCs.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Skilling:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Proposed amendment to Apprenticeship Act to enhance opportunities for youth.</li>
<li>Rs. 3000 crore for realignment of existing <strong>National Apprenticeship Training Scheme (NATS)</strong> towards post-education apprenticeship, training of graduates and diploma holders in Engineering.</li>
<li>Initiatives for<strong> partnership with other countries</strong> in skilling to be taken forward, similar to partnership:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>With UAE</strong> to benchmark skill qualifications, assessment, certification, and deployment of certified workforce.</li>
<li><strong>With Japan</strong> for a collaborative <strong>Technical Intern Training Programme (TITP)</strong> to transfer skills, technique and knowledge.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Innovation and Research &amp; Development:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>National Language Translation Mission (NTLM)</strong> to make governance-and-policy related knowledge available in major Indian languages.</li>
<li>PSLV-CS51 to be launched by <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/private-sector-participation-in-space#:~:text=Global%20technology%20powerhouse.-,New%20Space%20India%20Limited,of%20the%20Department%20of%20Space." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>New Space India Limited (NSIL)</strong> </a>carrying Brazil&rsquo;s Amazonia Satellite and some Indian satellites.</li>
<li>As part of the<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/gaganyaan-6" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Gaganyaan mission</strong> </a>activities:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>4 Indian astronauts being trained on Generic Space Flight aspects, in Russia.</li>
<li>First unmanned launch is slated for December 2021.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Rs. 4,000 crore over five years for <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/digital-ocean" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Deep Ocean Mission</a> survey</strong> exploration and conservation of deep sea biodiversity.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1693907" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:PIB</strong></a></p>',
		'posturl' => 'budget-2021-highlights-inclusive-development-for-aspirational-india-and-reinvigorating-human-capital',
		'publishon' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'tag' => 'Human Resource',
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'articles'
	
	},
	(int) 10 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7554,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Padma Awards 2021',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the <strong>Padma Awards for the year 2021</strong> were announced on the occasion of <strong>72<sup>nd</sup> <a href="/to-the-points/Paper2/republic-day" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Republic Day</a></strong>.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Awardees (2021):</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>A total of <strong>119 Padma awards</strong> will be conferred, including <strong>7 padma vibhushan, 10 padma bhushan</strong> and <strong>102 padma shri</strong>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Few Padma Vibhushan Awardees (out of 7)</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Shri Shinzo Abe</strong> (Japan), <strong>Shri S P Balasubramaniam</strong> (Posthumous), <strong>Dr. Belle Monappa Hegde</strong> (Medicine), <strong>Shri Sudarshan Sahoo</strong> (Art), etc.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Few Padma Bhushan Awardees (out of 10)</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Ms. Krishnan Nair Shantakumari Chithra, Shri Tarun Gogoi, Ms. Sumitra Mahajan, Shri Ram Vilas Paswan,</strong> etc.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Few Padma Shri Awardees (out of 102)</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Shri Gulfam Ahmed</strong> (Art), <strong>Ms. P. Anitha</strong> (Sports), <strong>Shri Rama Swamy Annavarapu</strong> (Art), etc.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Background:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Padma Awards are announced annually on the <strong>Republic Day</strong> (26<sup>th</sup> January).</li>
<li>Instituted in <strong>1954</strong>, it is <strong>one of the highest civilian honours</strong> of India.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Objective:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Award seeks to recognize achievements in all fields of activities or disciplines where an <strong>element of public service is involved</strong>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Categories:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The Awards are given in three categories:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Padma Vibhushan</strong> (for exceptional and distinguished service),</li>
<li><strong>Padma Bhushan</strong> (distinguished service of higher-order) and</li>
<li><strong>Padma Shri</strong> (distinguished service).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Padma Vibhushan is highest in the hierarchy of Padma Awards</strong> followed by Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Disciplines:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Awards are given in various disciplines/ fields of activities, viz.- <strong>art, social work, public affairs, science and engineering, trade and industry, medicine, literature and education, sports, civil service</strong> etc.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Selection Process:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Padma Awards Committee:</strong> The Awards are conferred on the recommendations made by the Padma Awards Committee, which is constituted by the Prime Minister every year.</li>
<li><strong>Awarded by President:</strong> The awards are presented by the President of India usually in the month of March/April every year.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Bharat Ratna</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Bharat Ratna is the highest civilian award of the country.</strong></li>
<li>It is awarded in recognition of exceptional service/performance of the <strong>highest order in any field of human endeavour</strong>.</li>
<li>It is treated on a different footing from Padma Award. The recommendations for Bharat Ratna are <strong>made by the Prime Minister to the President of India</strong>.</li>
<li>The number of Bharat Ratna Awards is restricted to a <strong>maximum of three</strong> in a particular year.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/padma-vibhushan-for-abe-gogoi-keshubhai-paswan-in-honours-list-7161613/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: IE</strong></a></p>',
		'posturl' => 'padma-awards-2021',
		'publishon' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'tag' => 'Human Resource',
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'articles'
	
	},
	(int) 11 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7551,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'ShramShakti Portal ',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the<strong> Ministry of Tribal Affairs</strong> has launched<strong> &ldquo;ShramShakti&rdquo;- a National Migration Support Portal,</strong> to smooth the formulation of state and national level programs for migrant workers.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>A training manual <strong>&ldquo;ShramSaathi&rdquo;</strong> was also launched for migrant workers.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About the Portal:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It has been launched to <strong>collect data related to <a href="/to-the-points/Paper2/year-end-review-2019-ministry-of-tribal-affairs" target="_blank" rel="noopener">tribal</a> migrant workers</strong> and link them with the existing welfare schemes.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Objectives of ShramShakti Portal: </strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>To address the data gap:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Various data will be recorded via Shram Shakti include demographic profile, livelihood options, skill mapping and migration pattern.</li>
<li>It will help in empowering the workers who generally migrate in search of employment and income generation.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>To help in formulation of strategies:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It would help the national and state governments in <strong>formulation of effective strategies</strong> and policy decisions for welfare of migrant workers at both source and destination states.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>To address the issues various related migrants:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Trafficking,</li>
<li>Wages harassment issues,</li>
<li>Occupational hazards at the workplace, etc.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Linking with other schemes:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>This portal will link the migrant population with the existing Welfare Schemes under <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/atma-nirbhar-bharat-abhiyan-challenges" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Atamnirbhar Bharat</strong></a>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Recent Government Initiatives to Help Migrant Workers:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>ASEEM Portal:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) launched <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/aseem-portal" target="_blank" rel="noopener">&lsquo;AtmaNirbhar Skilled Employee Employer Mapping</a> (ASEEM)&rsquo;</strong> portal to help skilled people find sustainable livelihood opportunities.</li>
<li>Database of labour migrants in Indian states and overseas citizens, who returned to India under the<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/vande-bharat-mission" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Vande Bharat Mission</strong> </a>and filled<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/swades-skill-mapping-exercise-for-returning-citizens" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> SWADES Skill Card</strong></a>, has been integrated with the ASEEM portal.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>NMIS Dashboard:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The <strong>National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)</strong> has developed an online dashboard called<strong> &lsquo;<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/national-migrant-information-system" target="_blank" rel="noopener">National Migrant Information System</a> (NMIS)&rsquo;.</strong></li>
<li>It would <strong>maintain a central repository of migrant workers</strong> and help in<strong> speedy inter-state communication</strong> to facilitate the smooth movement of migrant workers to their native places.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Amalgamation of Labour Laws into Codes:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Recently, numerous labour laws have been amalgamated into four labour codes namely <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/code-on-wages-1#:~:text=It%20seeks%20to%20universalizes%20the,legislative%20protection%20of%20minimum%20wage." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Code on Wages Act 2019</strong></a>, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/right-code-for-labour" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Industrial Relations Code 2020, Code on Social Security 2020, and Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code 2020.</strong></a></li>
<li>They are also aimed at facilitating industrialisation throughout the nation and thus checking distress labour migration ultimately.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Initiatives for Tribal Welfare: </strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Pradhan Manti Van Dhan Yojana (PMVDY):</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It is a<strong> market-linked</strong> tribal entrepreneurship development program for <strong>forming clusters of tribal <a href="/to-the-points/Paper2/self-help-groups-shgs" target="_blank" rel="noopener">SHGs</a></strong> and strengthening them into <strong>Tribal Producer Companies.</strong></li>
<li>It also aims to <strong>set-up tribal community owned <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/van-dhan-internship-programme" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Minor Forest Produce</a></strong> (MFP)-centric multi-purpose <strong>Van Dhan Vikas Kendras</strong> (the Kendra) in predominantly tribal districts.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRSs):</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/eklavya-model-residential-and-day-boarding-schools" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>EMRS</strong></a> started in the year 1997-98 to impart <strong>quality middle and high-level education</strong> to ST children in remote areas and enable them to have access to the best opportunities in education at par with the non ST population.</li>
<li>These are being set up by grants provided under <strong>Article 275(1) of the Constitution.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>The Tribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation of India (TRIFED):</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/trifed-s-digitisation-drive" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>TRIFED</strong></a> <strong>came into existence in 1987.</strong> It is a national-level apex organization functioning under the administrative control of the Ministry of Tribal Affairs.</li>
<li>TRIFED has its key objectives of promoting tribal art &amp; craft, hand looms and set-up tribal community owned Minor Forest Produce (MFP)-centric multi-purpose Van Dhan Vikas Kendras.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1691237" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:PIB</strong></a></p>',
		'posturl' => 'shramshakti-portal',
		'publishon' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'tag' => 'Human Resource',
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'articles'
	
	},
	(int) 12 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7496,
		'category_id' => (int) 15,
		'title' => 'The Big Picture: India and the Vaccination Drive',
		'description' => '<p style="text-align: center;"><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/LVQqL5w33XM" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></p>
<h3>Why in News?</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>India began the<strong> "World's Largest Vaccination Program"</strong> on January 16, 2021.</li>
<li>The Prime Minister of India said that India is entering a decisive phase of vaccination in the fight against <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/covid-19-and-medical-solutions" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>COVID-19</strong></a>, with the approval of two <strong>made-in-India COVID-19 vaccines.</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The PM has also said that two vaccines are more cost-effective than any other in the world and that India&rsquo;s vaccine production &amp; delivery capacity will be used to help all humanity in fighting this crisis.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It is India's <strong>first ever adult vaccination drive.</strong></li>
<li>The <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/no-clinical-trials-in-india-for-new-drugs" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Drug Controller General of India (DCGI)</strong></a> has granted the<strong> emergency-use approval</strong> for two indigenous vaccines: <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/phase-ii-iii-clinical-trials-of-covishield" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>COVISHIELD</strong></a> by <strong>Serum Institute of India</strong> and <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/covaxin-approved-for-human-clinical-trials" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>COVAXIN</strong></a> by <strong>Bharat Biotech.</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The two vaccines are found to be safe and no major side effects are expected. However, little pain or redness in the skin can be observed.</li>
<li>The vaccines have gone through preclinical animal experiments on animals like rabbits, mice and hamsters followed by non-human primates.</li>
<li>Out of the two vaccines, <strong>Covaxin is an inactivated vaccine</strong> whereas <strong>Covishield is a live vaccine.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>In the <strong>first phase of vaccination,</strong> the first 3 crore people to be vaccinated include the healthcare workers and frontline workers.
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The cost of vaccination of these people will be borne by the government.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/inactivated-virus-vaccine-in-focus-for-covid-19" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Live and Inactivated Vaccines</strong></a></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Live Vaccines:</strong> They <strong>use a weakened (or attenuated) form of the germ</strong> that causes a disease.
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Because these vaccines are so similar to the natural infection that they help prevent, they create a strong and long-lasting immune response.</li>
<li><strong>Note:</strong> As they contain a small amount of the weakened live virus, people with weakened immune systems, long-term health problems, or people who&rsquo;ve had an organ transplant should not be given these vaccines without any prior consultation with the healthcare provider.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Inactivated vaccine:</strong> Active pathogens are grown in large numbers and then killed either by a chemical or heat. Although the pathogen is killed, or made to lose its reproduction capacity, various parts of the pathogen are intact. E.g The antigen (the chemical structure) that is recognised by the immune system is left unimpaired.
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>As the pathogen is dead, it cannot reproduce nor cause even a mild disease. Thus, it is safe to administer to even people with lesser immunity, like the old and those who have comorbidity.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>India and Vaccines</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>At present <strong>80-90% of the world&rsquo;s</strong> whole <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/measles-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Measles</strong></a> vaccine is provided by India.
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>India supplies all the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/measles-and-rubella-in-who-sear" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Rubella</strong></a> vaccines to <strong>South America.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The indigenous developed <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/reverse-vaccinology" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>meningococcal vaccine</strong></a> of India is supplied to the entire <strong>Sub-Saharan Africa.</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Meningococcal meningitis</strong> is caused by <strong>Neisseria meningitidis bacteria.</strong> It is a serious infection of the thin lining that surrounds the brain and spinal cord.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The indigenous <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/rotavirus-vaccination-drive" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>rotavirus vaccine</strong></a> is going to 16 countries in the world.</li>
<li>Various novel vaccines have been introduced by India, such as the world&rsquo;s first<strong> subunit rabies vaccine. It</strong> has been approved by the Drug Controller General of India.
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Subunit vaccines</strong> are composed of <strong>protein or glycoprotein components of a pathogen</strong> that are capable of inducing a protective immune response and may be produced by conventional biochemical or recombinant DNA technologies.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Government Strategy For Smooth and Effective Drive</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Preparatory measures:</strong> The key preparatory aspects that have been undertaken include the physical infrastructure, human resources and training of the vaccinators.
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>The digital aspect:</strong> The government has launched the<strong> Co-WIN application</strong> for the registration of the citizens and to generate digital certificates of vaccination.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Community participation:</strong> Besides preparatory aspects, the <strong>community participation</strong> has also been emphasised by the Prime Minister. He has urged all to come forward and help in eliminating <strong>vaccine hesitancy.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Beneficiary identification:</strong> Separate templates have been developed for the healthcare workers and the frontline workers.
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>People above the age of 50 who have comorbidities will be the next to be vaccinated.</li>
<li><strong>Aadhar</strong> will also be used for the beneficiary identification.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Steps Need to be Taken</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Spreading awareness:</strong> Leaders, influential people and healthcare workers who will be vaccinated need to come forward and help spreading awareness about the vaccine.</li>
<li><strong>Effective collaboration:</strong> Effective and decentralised implementation with the collaboration of centre, state, communities and health care workers.</li>
<li><strong>Proper training:</strong> Ensuring proper training of vaccinators and adopting measures to maintain temperature of vaccines.</li>
<li><strong>Monitoring:</strong> Keeping watch of any side effects that may arise due to vaccines and adopting measures to be used in an emergency for such situations.</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>The Co-WIN Application</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>To <strong>monitor the inoculation drive and track the listed beneficiaries for vaccination</strong> on a real-time basis, the central government has developed<strong> Covid Vaccine Intelligence Network or Co-WIN application.</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Co-WIN will facilitate <strong>real time information of vaccine stocks and storage temperature</strong> during the COVID-19 vaccination drive.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The app will be used as a back-end software during COVID-19 vaccination drive, starting from Saturday.
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The self-registration module of Co-WIN App has not been released yet.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>Challenges</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Vaccine hesitancy:</strong> Either they are common people, or the frontline workers, vaccine hesitancy, if exists, it may obstruct the smooth implementation of the vaccination drive.
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>If the healthcare workers are hesitant about getting vaccinated, it will not create a good impact among common people as they are the role model for the people who will be vaccinated next.</li>
<li>There is uncertainty and suspicion about the side effects of the vaccine.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Issues with the Co-WIN App:</strong> Issues such as loss of internet connectivity are expected to be faced in the app, which could cause problems while tracking the vaccine stocks, or in the updation of data of the beneficiaries.</li>
<li><strong>Lack of experience:</strong> The Covid-19 Vaccination drive is India&rsquo;s first ever large scale immunisation programme. There is a lack of experience due to which the chances of mistakes are likely to happen.</li>
<li><strong>Vaccine wastage:</strong> Each vaccine vial contains 10 doses and must be used within 4 hours of opening. This could lead to vaccine wastage.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Way forward</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Eliminating vaccine hesitancy:</strong> The covid-19 vaccines are for adults, the communication is required in order to resolve the confusions and to eliminate the vaccine hesitancy.
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Engagement with the community based organisations and spreading awareness by educating people about the vaccine.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Janbhagidari:</strong> Community partnership or janbhagidari should be emphasised.
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>People should take the vaccine and spread the word about the efficacy and security of the vaccine.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Preventing vaccine wastage:</strong> organised appointment for vaccinations, ensuring once opened, the vaccine is surely utilised and not wasted.</li>
<li><strong>Continuing the flow of vaccines:</strong> Taking lessons from other countries, India should continue the flow of vaccines.
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The US got stalled because they started to store the second dose of vaccines too. India should continue the flow of vaccines to the areas where it is required.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Vaccination + covid-appropriate behaviour:</strong> Neither Covid appropriate behaviour nor vaccination is enough alone. Both have to go hand in hand in order to completely eliminate the pandemic.
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Covid-appropriate behaviour:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Wearing the mask properly.</li>
<li>Washing hands regularly as hygiene is very important.</li>
<li>Following the physical distancing of 6 feet.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Tracking the virus:</strong> The new variants of virus found till date are manageable but it is important to constantly look for emergence of any vaccine resistant virus.</li>
<li><strong>Looking after the immunogenicity:</strong> Looking up at the immunogenicity of the vaccine; how long does the effect of the vaccine lasts and how the cell-mediated immune responses are developing.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Conclusion</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>India has now emerged as a global covid vaccine hub which is done not only by manufacturing or developing vaccines but also ensuring how it will be transported and how the entire vaccination drive has to be done.</li>
<li>For the world&rsquo;s largest vaccination against covid-19, a multi-prong approach is required including educating people, following the vaccination process, keeping a check on new strains of virus, maintaining the records of essential data of the beneficiaries and refining our strategy.</li>
<li>Vaccine hesitancy is the main obstruction in the smooth vaccination drive, in order to defeat the pandemic, vaccine hesitancy should be eliminated first as It is not the vaccine but vaccination that prevents an infection.</li>
</ul>',
		'posturl' => 'the-big-picture-india-and-the-vaccination-drive',
		'publishon' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'tag' => 'Human Resource',
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'articles'
	
	},
	(int) 13 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7470,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana 3.0',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The <strong>Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE)</strong> has launched <strong>Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) 3.0,</strong> in a bid to empower India&rsquo;s youth with employable skills by <strong>making over 300 skill courses available</strong> to them.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Background:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Skill India Mission</strong> was launched by the government in <strong>2015</strong> under which the flagship scheme Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) is run.</li>
<li>It <strong>aims to train over 40 crore people in India in different skills by 2022.</strong> It aims at <strong>vocational training and certification</strong> of Indian youth for a better livelihood and respect in the society.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>PMKVY 1.0:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Launch: India&rsquo;s largest Skill Certification Scheme -<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/pradhan-mantri-kaushal-vikas-yojana-pmkvy" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)</a></strong> - was launched on 15<sup>th</sup> July, 2015 <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/world-youth-skills-day-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>(World Youth Skills Day)</strong></a>.</li>
<li><strong>Aim:</strong> To encourage and promote skill development in the country by providing <strong>free short duration skill training</strong> and incentivizing this by providing <strong>monetary rewards to youth for skill certification.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Implementation:</strong> PMKVY is implemented by the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/national-skills-study" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>National Skills Development Corporation (NSDC)</strong></a> under the guidance of the <strong>Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE).</strong></li>
<li><strong>Key Components:</strong> Short Term Training, Special Projects, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/recognition-of-prior-learning-programme" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Recognition of Prior Learning</strong></a>, Kaushal &amp; Rozgar Mela, etc.</li>
<li><strong>Outcome:</strong> In 2015-16, 19.85 lakh candidates were trained.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>PMKVY 2.0:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Coverage: PMKVY 2016-20</strong> (PMKVY 2.0) was launched by scaling up<strong> both in terms of Sector and Geography</strong> and by <strong>greater alignment with other missions</strong> of the Government of India like <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/assessment-of-make-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Make in India</strong></a>,<a href="/loksabha-rajyasabha-discussions/in-depth-digital-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Digital India</strong></a>, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/swachh-bharat-mission-urban" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Swachh Bharat</strong></a>, etc.</li>
<li><strong>Budget:</strong> Rs. 12,000 Crore.</li>
<li><strong>Implementation Through Two Components:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Centrally Sponsored Centrally Managed (CSCM):</strong> This component was <strong>implemented by National Skill Development Corporation.</strong> 75% of the PMKVY 2016-20 funds and corresponding physical targets have been allocated under CSCM.</li>
<li><strong>Centrally Sponsored State Managed (CSSM):</strong> This component was <strong>implemented by State Governments</strong> through State Skill Development Missions (SSDMs). 25% of the PMKVY 2016-20 funds and corresponding physical targets have been allocated under CSSM.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Outcome:</strong> More than <strong>1.2 Crore youth</strong> have been trained/oriented through an improved standardized skilling ecosystem in the country under PMKVY 1.0 and PMKVY 2.0.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>PMKVY 3.0:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Coverage:</strong> Launched in 717 districts, 28 States/eight UTs, PMKVY 3.0 is a step towards <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/atmanirbhar-bharat-and-economic-stimulus" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>&lsquo;Atmnanirbhar Bharat&rsquo;</strong></a>.</li>
<li><strong>Implementation:</strong> It <strong>will be implemented in a more decentralized structure</strong> with greater responsibilities and support from States/UTs and Districts. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>District Skill Committees (DSCs), under the guidance of State Skill Development Missions (SSDM), shall play a key role in addressing the skill gap and assessing demand at the district level.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Features:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It <strong>envisages training of eight lakh candidates</strong> over a <strong>scheme period of 2020-2021</strong> with an outlay of Rs. 948.90 crore. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The <strong>729 Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Kendras (PMKKs), empaneled non-PMKK training centres and more than 200 Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs)</strong> under Skill India will be rolling out PMKVY 3.0 training to build a robust pool of skilled professionals.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>It will be <strong>more trainee- and learner-centric.</strong> The focus is on bridging the demand-supply gap by <strong>promoting skill development in areas of new-age and <a href="/loksabha-rajyasabha-discussions/in-depth-industrial-revolution-4-0" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Industry 4.0</a> job roles.</strong></li>
<li>It will be <strong>a propagator of vocational education</strong> at an early level for youth to capitalize on industry-linked opportunities.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/national-education-policy-2020" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>National Educational Policy 2020</strong></a> also puts focus on vocational training for a holistic growth and increased employability.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>By taking the bottom-up approach to training, it will<strong> identify job roles that have demand at the local level and skill the youth,</strong> linking them to these opportunities <strong>(Vocal for Local).</strong></li>
<li>It will <strong>encourage healthy competition between states</strong> by making available increased allocation to those states that perform better.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1688836" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
		'posturl' => 'pradhan-mantri-kaushal-vikas-yojana-3-0',
		'publishon' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'tag' => 'Human Resource',
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'articles'
	
	},
	(int) 14 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7430,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Severe Stress Among Army Personnel',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>According to the findings of a study by <strong>United Service Institution of India</strong> (USI), a Service think tank, <strong>more than half of Indian Army personnel seem to be under severe stress.</strong></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Stressed Army Personnel:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The Army has been<strong> losing more personnel every year</strong> due to suicides, fratricides and untoward incidents <strong>than in response to any enemy or terrorist activities.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Prolonged exposure</strong> of Indian Army personnel to<strong> Counter Insurgency and Counter Terrorism (CI/CT) environment</strong> has been one of the contributory factors for <strong>increased stress levels.</strong></li>
<li>This loss is <strong>substantially greater than the operational casualties suffered by the Armed forces.</strong> In addition, a number of soldiers and leaders have been affected by hypertension, heart diseases, psychosis, neurosis and other related ailments.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Officers experience comparatively<strong> much higher cumulative stress levels,</strong> compared to the<strong> Junior Commissioned Officers</strong> (JCO) and<strong> Other Ranks</strong> (OR) and the stress causative factors are also different.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Causes of Stress:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Among Army Officers:</strong> Inadequacies in the <strong>quality of leadership, overburdened</strong> commitments,<strong> inadequate resources, frequent dislocations, l</strong>ack of <strong>fairness and transparency</strong> in postings and promotions, insufficient accommodation, <strong>indifferent attitude of civilian officials,</strong> etc.</li>
<li><strong>Among Lower Rank Officials:</strong> Excessive engagements, domestic problems, lack of dignity, lack of recreational facilities and conflict with seniors as well as subordinates, etc.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Impact of Stress on Work:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Units and subunits under stress are likely to witness an <strong>increased number of incidents of indiscipline,</strong> unsatisfactory state of training, inadequate maintenance of equipment and<strong> low morale</strong> that adversely affects their combat preparedness and operational performance.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Suggestion:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Stress prevention and management</strong> should be treated &ldquo;as a leadership role at Unit and Formation level&rdquo;.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Army&rsquo;s Stand:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The Army has <strong>rejected the study,</strong> stressing that the<strong> sample size</strong> for the survey was<strong> too &ldquo;miniscule&rdquo;</strong> to arrive at such<strong> &ldquo;far reaching&rdquo;</strong> conclusions. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The study has been <strong>done by one individual,</strong> with a sample size of <strong>around 400 soldiers.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Related Steps Taken:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Provision of <strong>better quality of facilities</strong> such as clothing, food, married accommodation, travel facilities, schooling, recreation etc. and periodic welfare meeting.</li>
<li>Conduct of<strong> yoga and meditation</strong> as a tool for stress management.</li>
<li>Training and deployment of <strong>psychological counsellors.</strong></li>
<li>Institutionalization of projects <strong>&lsquo;MILAP&rsquo;</strong> and<strong> &lsquo;SAHYOG&rsquo;</strong> by the Army in <strong>Northern &amp; Eastern Command</strong> to reduce stress among troops.</li>
<li>A <strong>&lsquo;MansikSahayata Helpline&rsquo;</strong> has been established by the Army &amp; Air Force to take professional counselling.</li>
<li><strong>Mental Health Awareness</strong> is provided during pre-induction training.</li>
<li>Formation of <strong>Military Psychiatry Treatment Centre at INHS Asvini</strong> and establishment of <strong>Mental Health Centres</strong> in Mumbai, Visakhapatnam, Kochi, Port Blair, Goa and Karwar.</li>
<li>Previously, <strong>Defence Institute of Psychological Research (DIPR) had completed research projects</strong> that focused on identifying factors causing suicides among troops deployed in Field and Peace areas. It had found in its studies that<strong> not getting timely leave</strong> was one of the stress factors triggering suicidal behaviour. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Recommendation</strong> included: rationalizing grant of Leave, counselling at the time of leave, decrease workload, reduction in tenure of deployment, increase in pay and allowances, improvement in living conditions, building better interpersonal relations between the officers and men, training programmes in stress management and psychological counselling, enhancing basic and recreation activities and redress of grievances.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/over-half-of-army-personnel-under-severe-stress-study/article33528310.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:TH</strong></a></p>',
		'posturl' => 'severe-stress-among-army-personnel',
		'publishon' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'tag' => 'Human Resource',
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'articles'
	
	},
	(int) 15 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7402,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Longitudinal Ageing Study of India',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the <strong>Ministry of Health &amp; Family Welfare</strong> has released the <strong>Longitudinal Ageing Study of India (LASI) Wave-1 Report</strong> on the virtual platform.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About LASI:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>About:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It is a full scale <strong>national survey of scientific investigation of the health, economic, and social determinants and consequences of population ageing</strong> in India. It was <strong>commissioned in 2016.</strong></li>
<li>It is India&rsquo;s <strong>first and the world&rsquo;s largest ever survey that provides a longitudinal database</strong> for designing policies and programmes <strong>for the <a href="/to-the-points/Paper2/elderly-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener">older population</a></strong> in the broad domains of social, health, and economic well-being.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Agencies Involved:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The <strong>National Programme for Health Care of Elderly,</strong> Ministry of Health &amp; Family Welfare has undertaken the Longitudinal Ageing Study of India, through <strong>International Institute for Population Sciences,</strong> (IIPS), <strong>Mumbai</strong> in collaboration with <strong>Harvard School of Public Health, University of Southern California, USA, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/state-of-world-population-2019-unfpa#:~:text=According%20to%20State%20of%20World,annual%20growth%20rate%20of%20China." target="_blank" rel="noopener">United Nations Population Fund</a> (UNFPA)</strong> and <strong>National Institute on Ageing.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Coverage:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The <strong>first national wave of the LASI (Wave 1)</strong> covered a <strong>baseline sample of 72,250</strong> individuals <strong>aged 45 and above and their spouses</strong>, including elderly persons aged <strong>60</strong> and above and oldest-old persons aged <strong>75</strong> and above from all States and Union Territories (UTs) of India (excluding Sikkim).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Methodology:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It collects detailed data on health and biomarkers together with information on family and social network, income, assets, and consumption.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>In medicine, a biomarker is a <strong>measurable indicator of the severity or presence of some disease state</strong>. More generally a biomarker is anything that can be used <strong>as an indicator of a particular disease</strong> state or some other physiological state of an organism.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Findings:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>In the 2011 census, the <strong>60+ population accounted for 8.6% of India&rsquo;s population,</strong> accounting for <strong>103 million elderly people.</strong></li>
<li>Growing at around <strong>3% annually</strong>, the number of elderly people will rise to <strong>319 million in 2050.</strong></li>
<li><strong>75%</strong> of the elderly people suffer from one or the other <strong>chronic disease. 40%</strong> of the elderly people have <strong>one or the other disability</strong> and <strong>20%</strong> have issues related to <strong>mental health.</strong></li>
<li>The self-reported prevalence of diagnosed <strong>cardiovascular diseases</strong> (CVDs) is <strong>28%</strong> among older adults aged <strong>45 and above.</strong></li>
<li>The prevalence of <strong>multi-morbidity conditions</strong> among the elderly age <strong>60 and above</strong> is <strong>much higher in the states/UTs</strong> of Kerala (52%), Chandigarh (41%), Lakshadweep (40%), Goa (39%) and Andaman &amp; Nicobar Islands (38%). The prevalence of <strong>single morbidity and multi-morbidity</strong> conditions increases with age.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Significance:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The evidence from LASI will be used to further strengthen and broaden the <strong>scope of the National Programme for Health Care of the Elderly</strong> and also help in establishing a range of preventive and health care programmes for the older population and most vulnerable among them.</li>
<li>The study holds significance in light of the ongoing <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/coronaviruses" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Covid-19</strong></a> pandemic with the elderly and persons with <strong>comorbidities</strong> being at the highest risk of contracting the disease.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Comorbidity</strong> simply means <strong>more than one illness or disease occurring in one person at the same time</strong> and <strong>multimorbidity means more than two illnesses</strong> or diseases occurring in the same person at the same time.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>National Programme for Health Care of Elderly</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The programme is being implemented under the <strong>Non-Communicable Disease</strong> (NCD) flexible pool within the overarching umbrella of the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/national-health-mission-and-janani-suraksha-yojana" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>National Health Mission</strong></a> for Districts and below in the States.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Vision:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>To provide <strong>accessible, affordable, and high-quality long-term, comprehensive and dedicated care services</strong> to an Ageing population.</li>
<li>Creating a new <strong>&ldquo;architecture&rdquo;</strong> for Ageing.</li>
<li>To build a framework to create an enabling environment for <strong>&ldquo;a Society for all Ages&rdquo;.</strong></li>
<li>To promote the concept of <strong>Active and Healthy Ageing.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Funding Pattern:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The Centre bears 75% of the total budget and the State Government contributes <strong>25%</strong> of the budget, for activities up to district level.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Eligible Beneficiary:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>All elderly People (above 60 Years) in the country.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Types of Benefits:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Free, Specialized health care facilities exclusively for the elderly people through the State health delivery system.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1686552" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Source:PIB</a></p>',
		'posturl' => 'longitudinal-ageing-study-of-india',
		'publishon' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'tag' => 'Human Resource',
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'articles'
	
	},
	(int) 16 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7355,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Fighting Drug Addiction',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, people in a few villages of<strong> Jodhpur district&rsquo;s Bilara block, Rajasthan</strong> have come together to tackle<a href="/loksabha-rajyasabha-discussions/the-big-picture-fighting-drug-menace" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Drug Addiction</strong></a> among the youth.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Steps Taken By the Villagers:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Boycott</strong> of persons consuming <strong>liquor, tobacco and narcotics.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Imposition of a penalty</strong> on the <strong>sellers</strong> and<strong> buyers</strong> of these <strong>substances.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Drug Addiction:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It refers to the <strong>condition of being addicted to a drug,</strong> particularly narcotic drugs.</li>
<li>These are <strong>generally illegal drugs</strong> that<strong> affect the mood and behaviour of a person.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Drug abuse</strong> refers to the <strong>use of certain chemicals for the purpose of creating pleasurable effects on the brain.</strong></li>
<li>There are over <strong>190 million drug users around the world</strong> and the problem has been increasing at alarming rates, especially among young adults under the age of 30.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Drug Menace In India:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The menace of drug addiction has<strong> spread fast among the youth of India.</strong></li>
<li>India is sandwiched between two <strong>largest Opium producing regions</strong> of the world that is <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/illicit-drug-supply-and-covid-19-unodc" target="_blank" rel="noopener">the Golden triangle on one side and the Golden crescent on other</a>.<a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1609828080_image1.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1609828080_image1.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="350" caption="false" /></a></strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The<strong> golden triangle</strong> area comprises <strong>Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam and Laos.</strong></li>
<li>The <strong>golden crescent</strong> area includes <strong>Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>As per the report <strong>Magnitude of Substance Use in India</strong> released by<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/digital-initiatives-to-fight-coronavirus" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> All India Institute Of Medical Science (AIIMS)</strong></a> in 2019:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Alcohol</strong> is the most abused substance in India.</li>
<li>Around <strong>5 crore</strong> Indians reported to have<strong> used cannabis and opioids</strong> at the time of the survey (conducted in the year 2018).</li>
<li>It has been estimated that there are about <strong>8.5 lakh people who inject drugs.</strong></li>
<li>Of the total cases estimated by the report, <strong>more than half</strong> of them are contributed by states like <strong>Punjab, Assam, Delhi, Haryana, Manipur, Mizoram, Sikkim and Uttar Pradesh.</strong></li>
<li>About 60 lakh people are estimated to need help for their opioid use problems.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>More and more children are taking to alcohol consumption and the <strong>highest percentage of children who are addicted to alcohol are in Punjab followed by West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Major Reasons for Drug Abuse:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>To be accepted by the peers.</li>
<li>Increasing economic stress.</li>
<li>Changing cultural values.</li>
<li>Experimentation.</li>
<li>Neurotic pleasure.</li>
<li>Ineffective Policing.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Impacts of Drug Abuse:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Higher risk of unintentional <strong>injuries, accidents, <a href="/to-the-points/Paper2/violence-against-women" target="_blank" rel="noopener">domestic violence incidents</a>, medical problems, and death.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Economic potential</strong> gets wasted.</li>
<li><strong>Affects relationships</strong> with family, friends creating emotional and social problems</li>
<li>Increases <strong>financial burden.</strong></li>
<li>Drug abuse seriously <strong>affects our health, security, peace and development.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Increase in<strong> diseases like <a href="/pdf/controlling-hepatitis-b.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Hepatitis B</a> and <a href="/printpdf/government-to-give-free-antiviral-for-hepatitis-c" target="_blank" rel="noopener">C</a>, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/global-tuberculosis-report-2019-who#:~:text=The%20strategy%20aims%20to%20end,2020%2C%202025%2C%20and%202030." target="_blank" rel="noopener">Tuberculosis</a></strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Drug dependence, low self esteem, hopelessness can<strong> lead to criminal action and even suicidal tendencies.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Challenges to Curb the Drug Menace:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Legally Available Drugs:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Such as <a href="/pdf/who-report-on-global-tobacco-epidemic-2019.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>tobacco</strong></a> is a huge problem which is usually seen as a <strong>gateway drug</strong> which children take just to experiment with.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Lack of Availability of Rehabilitation Centres:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>There is a lack of rehabilitation centres. Also, NGOs operating de-addiction centres in the country, have failed to provide the required kind of treatment and therapy.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Smuggling of Drugs:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Smuggling of drugs through the states like Punjab, Assam and Uttar Pradesh which share the border with neighbouring countries.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Government Initiatives to Tackle Drug Addiction:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It constituted the <a href="/printpdf/steps-to-curb-abuse-of-synthetic-drugs" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Narco-Coordination Centre (NCORD)</strong></a> in November, 2016 and revived the scheme of<strong> &ldquo;Financial Assistance to States for Narcotics Control&rdquo;.</strong></li>
<li>Narcotics Control Bureau has been provided funds for developing a new software i.e. <strong>Seizure Information Management System (SIMS)</strong> which will create a complete <strong>online database of drug offences and offenders.</strong></li>
<li>The government has constituted a fund called<strong> &ldquo;National Fund for Control of Drug Abuse&rdquo;</strong> to meet the expenditure incurred in connection with combating illicit traffic in Narcotic Drugs; rehabilitating addicts, and educating the public against drug abuse, etc.</li>
<li>The government is also conducting a <strong>National Drug Abuse Survey</strong> to measure trends of drug abuse in India through the Ministry of Social Justice &amp; Empowerment with the help of <strong>National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre of AIIMS.</strong></li>
<li><strong>'Project Sunrise'</strong> was launched by the<strong> Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in 2016,</strong> to tackle the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/world-aids-day-2020" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>rising HIV prevalence</strong> </a>in north-eastern states in India, especially among people injecting drugs.</li>
<li><a href="/loksabha-rajyasabha-discussions/the-big-picture-fighting-drug-menace" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, (NDPS) 1985</strong></a>: It prohibits a person from producing, possessing, selling, purchasing, transporting, storing, and/or consuming any narcotic drug or psychotropic substance. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The <strong>NDPS Act</strong> has since been<strong> amended thrice &ndash;</strong> in <strong>1988, 2001</strong> and 2014.</li>
<li>The Act extends to the whole of India and it applies also to all Indian citizens outside India and to all persons on ships and aircraft registered in India.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Government has also announced the launch of the<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/anti-drug-action-plan-for-2020-21" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> &lsquo;Nasha Mukt Bharat&rsquo;, or Drug-Free India Campaign</strong></a> which focuses on community outreach programs.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>International Treaties and Conventions to Combat Drug Menace:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>India is signatory of the following International treaties and conventions to combat the menace of Drug Abuse:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong><a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/united-nations-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">United Nations</a> (UN)<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/cannabis-removed-from-dangerous-substances-un" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Convention on Narcotic Drugs (1961)</a></strong></li>
<li><strong>UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances (1971).</strong></li>
<li><a href="/current-affairs-news-analysis-editorials/news-analysis/22-11-2019" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>UN Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (1988)</strong></a></li>
<li><strong>UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) 2000</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Way Forward</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Addiction should not be seen as a character flaw, but as an ailment that any other person could be struggling with. Therefore,<strong> the stigma associated with drug taking needs to be reduced.</strong> Society needs to understand that drug-addicts are victims and not criminals.</li>
<li>Certain<strong> crop drugs</strong> which have more than 50% alcohol and opioids<strong> need to be contained. Strict action is required from police officers</strong> and the excise and narcotics department to <strong>curb the problem of drug menace in the country.</strong> There is a need to <strong>strictly implement the NDPS Act.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Radical political decisions</strong> like that one of alcohol prohibition in Bihar may be another solution. When people do not exercise self-control, a state has to step in, as part of the <strong><a href="/mains-practice-question/question-180" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Directive Principles of State Policy</a> (Article 47).</strong></li>
<li><strong>Education curriculum should include chapters on drug addiction</strong>, its impact and also on de-addiction. Proper Counselling is another alternative.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/bilara-villagers-mobilise-against-addiction/article33486832.ece#:~:text=Reeling%20under%20the%20drug%20menace,to%20tackle%20addiction%20among%20youth.&amp;text=A%20unique%20campaign%20has%20been,no%20demand%20for%20illicit%20drugs." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:TH</strong></a></p>',
		'posturl' => 'fighting-drug-addiction',
		'publishon' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'tag' => 'Human Resource',
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'articles'
	
	},
	(int) 17 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7367,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Draft National Science Technology and Innovation Policy, 2020',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the draft of the <strong>5<sup>th</sup> National Science Technology and Innovation Policy (STIP)</strong> has been uploaded by the <strong>Department of Science and Technology (DST)</strong> on its website.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>This Policy will replace the <a href="/printpdf/science-technology-and-innovation-policy" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Science Technology and Innovation Policy of 2013</strong></a>.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Aim:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>To bring about <strong>profound changes through short, medium and long-term mission mode projects</strong> by building a nurtured<strong> ecosystem that promotes research and innovation</strong> on the part of both individuals and organizations.</li>
<li>To <strong>identify and address strengths and weaknesses of the Indian Science Technology and Innovation (STI) ecosystem</strong> to catalyse socio-economic development of the country and also make the Indian STI ecosystem globally competitive.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Important Provisions:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Related to Equity and Inclusion:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Gender Equality:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It proposes that at least <strong>30% representation be ensured for women</strong> in all decision-making bodies, as well as <strong>&ldquo;spousal benefits&rdquo; be provided to partners of scientists belonging to the <a href="/to-the-points/Paper2/to-the-point-paper-2-section-377-judgement" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer (LGBTQ+) community.</a></strong></li>
<li>The <strong>LGBTQ+ community</strong> should be <strong>included in all conversations</strong> related to <strong>gender equity,</strong> and provisions be made to<strong> safeguard their rights</strong> and promote their representation and retention in the science and technology sector.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Child and Elderly Care:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Child-care benefits are proposed to be made gender-neutral, </strong>and<strong> flexible work timings and adequate parental leave</strong> are to be offered to cater to maternity, childbirth and child care.</li>
<li>All publicly-funded research institutions and universities will be asked to provide <strong>day-care centres for children of employees, and also have a provision for elderly care.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>For Disabled:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>For the <strong>benefit of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/persons-with-disabilities-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener">people with disabilities</a></strong>, the policy asks all publicly-funded scientific institutions to make<strong> &ldquo;structural and cultural changes&rdquo; to support their inclusion.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Other Related Provisions:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>For age-related cut-offs in matters relating to selection, promotion, awards or grants,<strong> the &ldquo;academic age&rdquo; and not the biological age would be considered.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Removal of bars on married couples</strong> being employed in the same department or laboratory. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>As of now, married couples are not posted in the same department, leading to cases of loss of employment or forced transfers when colleagues decide to get married.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Open Science Policy (One Nation, One Subscription):</strong> To make scientific knowledge and data available to all, the government has proposed:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>To <strong>buy bulk subscriptions of all important scientific journals across the world, and provide everyone in India free access to them.</strong></li>
<li>To set up a <strong>Science, Technology and Innovation Observatory</strong> that will serve as the central repository of all kinds of data generated from scientific research in the country.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Research and Education:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It proposes to establish <strong>Education Research Centres (ERCs)</strong> and <strong>Collaborative Research Centres (CRCs)</strong> to provide research inputs to policymakers and bring together stakeholders.</li>
<li><strong>Research and Innovation Excellence Frameworks (RIEF)</strong> will be developed to enhance the quality of research along with the promotion of engagements with the relevant stakeholders.</li>
<li>A dedicated portal to provide access to the outputs of such publicly-funded research will be created through the <strong>Indian Science and Technology Archive of Research (INDSTA).</strong></li>
<li>To set up Infrastructure to <strong>boost local Research and Development capabilities</strong> and<strong> reduce large scale import</strong> in selected sectors of domestic importance such as electronic hardware for home appliances, railways, intelligent transport, clean tech, defence, etc.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>For Strengthening India's Strategic Position:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>To achieve <strong>technological self-reliance</strong> and <strong>position India among the top three scientific superpowers</strong> in the decade to come.</li>
<li>To <strong>double the number of Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) researchers, Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&amp;D (GERD)</strong> and private sector contribution to the GERD every 5 years.</li>
<li>Establishment of a <strong>Strategic Technology Board</strong> that will <strong>bridge all strategic government departments,</strong> and monitor and recommend technologies to be bought or indigenously made.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1685427#:~:text=The%20draft%20of%20the%205,now%20available%20for%20public%20consultation.&amp;text=It%20aims%20to%20foster%2C%20develop,and%20policy%20research%20in%20India." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:PIB</strong></a></p>',
		'posturl' => 'draft-national-science-technology-and-innovation-policy-2020',
		'publishon' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'tag' => 'Human Resource',
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'articles'
	
	},
	(int) 18 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7297,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Updating Census Registers',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the <a href="/printpdf/npr-and-census-2021" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Registrar General of India (RGI)</strong></a> has written to all State coordinators to update the <strong>census register</strong>.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>A <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/census-2021" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>census</strong></a> is the procedure of <strong>systematically enumerating, and acquiring and recording information</strong> about the members of a given population.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>The Order: RGI</strong> has written to all State coordinators to <strong>update names of an area, locality, colony or a building in the &ldquo;charge register&rdquo;</strong>.</li>
<li><strong>Charge register:</strong> The charge register shows the distribution of work among enumerators and marks the <strong>House Listing Blocks (HLB)</strong> to be visited by each official. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>HLB is a primary unit</strong> of collection of data.</li>
<li><strong>Use of Charge Register:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It is an important census document that will <strong>help enumerators to collect details during the first phase of census house listing and housing census and <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/national-population-register" target="_blank" rel="noopener">National Population Register (NPR)</a></strong>.</li>
<li>The register will also be <strong>used for the field work relating to the updating of NPR</strong> since the same functionaries will be engaged.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Implication:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The census exercise was<strong> suspended indefinitely</strong> owing to the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/covid-19-now-pandemic-who" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Covid-19 pandemic</strong></a>. The communication from RGI may be an indication that the <strong>census exercise may take off in the near future</strong>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Registrar General of India</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Census Organisation was set up on an <strong>ad-hoc basis for each Census till the 1951 </strong>Census.</li>
<li>The Government of India, in <strong>1949 established an organisation</strong> in the Ministry of Home Affairs under <strong>Registrar General and ex-Officio Census Commissioner,</strong> India to develop systematic collection of statistics on the size of population, its growth, etc.</li>
<li>Later, this office was also entrusted with the responsibility of implementation of <strong>Registration of Births and Deaths Act, 1969</strong> in the country.</li>
<li>It <strong>arranges, conducts and analyses the results of the demographic surveys</strong> of India including <strong>Census of India</strong> and <strong>Linguistic Survey of India</strong>.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Census of India:</strong> It provides information on size, distribution and socio-economic, demographic and other characteristics of the country&rsquo;s population.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The decennial Census of India has been <strong>conducted 15 times, as of 2011</strong>.</li>
<li>While it has been <strong>undertaken every 10 years,</strong> beginning in 1872 under British Viceroy Lord Mayo, <strong>the first complete census was taken in 1881</strong>.</li>
<li><strong>Post-1949, it has been conducted by the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India</strong> under the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Linguistic Survey of India:</strong> The primary objective of the present Linguistic Survey of India is to present an updated linguistic scenario.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It is conducted <strong>along with the decennial Census exercise</strong>.</li>
<li>It also provides necessary inputs to the social/educational planners in respective States for their planning to attain the envisaged goals.</li>
<li>First linguistic survey of India was published by <strong>George Abraham Grierson in 1928</strong>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The <strong>position</strong> of Registrar is usually <strong>held by a civil servant</strong> holding the rank of Joint Secretary.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>National Population Register (NPR)</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>NPR is a register of the <strong>usual residents of the country</strong>. It is prepared at the local (village and sub-town), sub-district, district, state and national levels under provisions of the <strong>Citizenship Act, 1955</strong> and the <strong>Citizenship (Registration of Citizens and Issue of National Identity Cards) Rules, 2003</strong>.</li>
<li>It is <strong>mandatory</strong> for every <strong>&ldquo;usual resident of India&rdquo;</strong> to register in the NPR.</li>
<li>The data for the NPR was <strong>first collected in 2010</strong> along with the house listing phase of Census 2011.</li>
<li>In <strong>2015, this data was further updated</strong> by conducting a <strong>door-to-door</strong> survey.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/registrar-general-writes-to-states-to-update-charge-register-a-census-document/article33395821.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
		'posturl' => 'updating-census-registers',
		'publishon' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'tag' => 'Human Resource',
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'articles'
	
	},
	(int) 19 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 7287,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Recognition of Prior Learning Programme',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The<strong> Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship</strong> (MSDE) is conducting a <strong>Special Recognition of Prior Learning</strong> (RPL) programme for workers, with the <strong>Department of Panchayati Raj</strong> (DoPR).</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The programme, implemented under <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/sankalp-scheme" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Skill Acquisition and Knowledge Awareness for Livelihood Promotion</strong> </a><strong>(SANKALP) Programme</strong> of MSDE, has been rolled out in <strong>Varanasi</strong> and <strong>Chandauli,</strong> Uttar Pradesh (UP).</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>RPL Programme:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It aims to<strong> promote decentralization</strong> and<strong> local governance for better planning and implementation</strong> of skill development programmes.</li>
<li>It is being implemented by the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/national-skills-study" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>National Skill Development Corporation</strong> </a><strong>(NSDC).</strong></li>
<li>It <strong>recognizes the value of learning</strong> acquired outside a formal setting and provides a <strong>government certificate</strong> for an individual&rsquo;s skills.</li>
<li>Candidates receive <strong>exposure to concepts of digital and financial literacy</strong> and <strong>accidental insurance coverage for three years</strong> at free of cost.</li>
<li><strong>No fee is charged</strong> from a candidate for participating in the RPL programme and every<strong> successfully certified candidate receives Rs. 500.</strong></li>
<li>MSDE is supporting the <strong>State Skill Development Missions</strong> (SSDMs) and <strong>District Skill Committees</strong> (DSCs) in the selection and onboarding of the Project Implementing Agencies (PIAs) and facilitating the successful execution of the programme.</li>
<li><strong>Ministry of Panchayati Raj</strong> (MoPR) <strong>along with MSDE is monitoring</strong> it and are being supported by Directorate of Panchayati Raj, UP and the SSDM, UP.</li>
<li>This initiative is part of a larger programme on<strong> &lsquo;Skill Development Planning at the level of Gram Panchayat&rsquo;</strong> that focuses on introducing RPL in a structured manner in various gram panchayats across the country.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Significance:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The inclusion of gram panchayats is<strong> crucial for the success of District Skill Development Plans</strong> (DSDPs) and will provide a huge <strong>fillip to the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/the-problem-of-skilling-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Skill India Mission.</a></strong></li>
<li>RPL will <strong>align the competencies of the pre-existing workforce</strong> of the country to the standardized framework and will provide confidence, respect and recognition to the candidates.</li>
<li>Supporting formalization of the informal learning of youth will <strong>supplement their efforts in finding sustainable livelihood opportunities</strong> and <strong>reduce inequalities</strong> based on privileging certain forms of knowledge over others.</li>
<li>It will also <strong>link them with work opportunities</strong> emanating from the Gram panchayat&rsquo;s development work.</li>
<li>Down-streaming the skill development planning to the gram panchayat level would <strong>contribute to decentralization.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Skill Acquisition and Knowledge Awareness for Livelihood Promotion</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It is an<strong> outcome-oriented programme of MSDE</strong> with a special focus on <strong>decentralised planning and quality improvement.</strong></li>
<li>It is a <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/proposal-to-hike-monthly-pensions" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Centrally Sponsored Scheme</strong></a> which is collaborated with the <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/world-bank-group" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>World Bank.</strong></a></li>
<li>It aims to implement the mandate of the<a href="/to-the-points/Paper2/year-end-review-2019-ministry-of-skill-development-and-entrepreneurship" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> National Skill Development Mission</strong></a> (NSDM).</li>
<li>It contributes to the <strong>development of rational and realistic state skill development plans,</strong> leading to a well-grounded national plan for skill development.</li>
<li><strong>Objectives:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Convergence:</strong> Creating convergence among all skill training activities, both State-led and Government of India funded, at the state level.</li>
<li><strong>Quality:</strong> Improving the quality of skill development programs through building a pool of quality trainers, developing model curriculum and content, and standardizing assessment and certification.</li>
<li><strong>Evaluation System:</strong> Establishing a robust monitoring and evaluation system for skill training programs.</li>
<li><strong>Inclusiveness and Opportunity:</strong> Providing access to skill training opportunities to the disadvantaged sections. Creating industry-led and demand-driven skill training capacity.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1682409" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
		'posturl' => 'recognition-of-prior-learning-programme',
		'publishon' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'tag' => 'Human Resource',
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'articles'
	
	}
]
$tags = [
	(int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'id' => (int) 334,
		'tag' => 'Human Resource',
		'colorcode' => 'FFFFFF',
		'posturl' => 'human-resource',
		'status' => (int) 1,
		'sort_order' => (int) 5,
		'type' => (int) 0,
		'relivant' => (float) 1,
		'metatitle' => 'Human Resource',
		'metakeyword' => 'Human Resource',
		'metadescription' => 'Human Resource',
		'addedby' => (int) 9,
		'updatedby' => (int) 9,
		'added' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'tags'
	
	}
]
$title = 'Article Tags'
$lastyear = (int) 2018
$year = '2021'
$i = (int) 2017
$selected = ''
$m = (int) 13
$month = 'December'

include - ROOT/plugins/Drishti/src/Template/Element/rightsection.ctp, line 100
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1196
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1157
Cake\View\View::_renderElement() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1554
Cake\View\View::element() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 668
include - ROOT/plugins/Drishti/src/Template/Element/articlebox.ctp, line 5
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1196
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1157
Cake\View\View::_renderElement() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1554
Cake\View\View::element() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 668
include - ROOT/plugins/Drishti/src/Template/Articles/tags.ctp, line 61
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1196
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1157
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 765
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 623
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 125
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 93

Achievers Corner

Prelims

Mains & Interview

Current Affairs

Drishti Specials

Free Downloads

Test Series

Videos

Tag Search Results

You searched “Human Resource”. Your tag search matches the following results: