Article Tags

You searched “Syllabus”. Your tag search matches the following results:

Uttar Pradesh PCS Preliminary & Mains Syllabus

PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION Paper-I General Studies-I Current events of national and international importance On Current Events of National and...

23 Jun 2020 Syllabus
UPPCS Mains Study Material

Benefits of This Material Any Assistance? 8448485520 Enquire Now The programme extensively covers all the relevant NCERTs,...

30 Oct 2018 Syllabus
Rajasthan PCS Preliminary & Mains Syllabus

STATE SERVICE PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION History, Art, Culture, Literature, Tradition & Heritage of Rajasthan. Major Landmarks in the History of...

12 Sep 2018 Syllabus
Chhattisgarh PCS Preliminary & Mains Syllabus

STATE SERVICE PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION Question Paper 1 General Studies (Questions 100, Marks 200), Time : 2 hours PART – '1' General...

12 Sep 2018 Syllabus
Bihar PCS Preliminary & Mains Syllabus

PRELIMINARY TEST COMPULSORY SUBJECT GENERAL STUDIES General Science. Questions on General Science will cover general appreciation and...

09 Aug 2018 Syllabus
General Studies-IV

Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude This paper will include questions to test the candidates’ attitude and approach to issues relating to...

23 Jul 2018 Syllabus
General Studies-III

(Technology, Economic Development, Bio-diversity, Environment, Security and Disaster Management) Indian Economy and issues relating to Planning,...

23 Jul 2018 Syllabus
General Studies-II

(Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International Relations) Indian Constitution—Historical Underpinnings, Evolution,...

23 Jul 2018 Syllabus
General Studies-I

(Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and Society) Indian Culture - Salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and...

23 Jul 2018 Syllabus
UPSC Preliminary Examination Syllabus

Paper I - (200 marks) Current Events of National and International Importance. History of India and Indian National Movement. Indian and...

23 Jul 2018 Syllabus

Warning (2): count(): Parameter must be an array or an object that implements Countable [ROOT/plugins/Drishti/src/Template/Element/rightsection.ctp, line 100]

Code Context


<?php if(count($updates)>0){?>
  <div class="updates">

$viewFile = '/var/www/drishtiias.com/public_html/plugins/Drishti/src/Template/Element/rightsection.ctp'
$dataForView = [
	'progress' => [],
	'bookmarks' => [],
	'notes' => [],
	'mynote' => [],
	'topdata' => [
		(int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	'searchdata' => [],
	'amonth' => 'May',
	'ayear' => '2021',
	'articles' => [
		(int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 1 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 2 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 3 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 4 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 5 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 6 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 7 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 8 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {},
		(int) 9 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	'tags' => [
		(int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {}
	],
	'title' => 'Article Tags'
]
$progress = []
$bookmarks = []
$notes = []
$mynote = []
$topdata = [
	(int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'url' => 'https://www.drishtiias.com/images/pdf/UPSC_Press%20Release_19042021%20Drishti%20IAS.pdf',
		'title' => 'UPSC Press Release April 2021',
		'type' => (int) 1,
		'date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'news'
	
	},
	(int) 1 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'url' => 'https://www.drishtiias.com/estore/english-books/all-english-books/Indian-and-World-Geography',
		'title' => 'New book release: Indian and World Geography - Prelims Practice Series (PPS)',
		'type' => (int) 1,
		'date' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'news'
	
	}
]
$searchdata = []
$amonth = 'May'
$ayear = '2021'
$articles = [
	(int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 5697,
		'category_id' => (int) 25,
		'title' => 'Uttar Pradesh PCS Preliminary & Mains Syllabus',
		'description' => '<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="/uppcs-prelims-test-series" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1592914231_1100x110-01.jpg" /></a></p>
<h3 style="text-align: center;">PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION</h3>
<h2>Paper-I</h2>
<h3>General Studies-I</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Current events of national and international importance</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>On Current Events of National and International Importance, candidates will be expected to have knowledge about them.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>History of India and Indian National Movement</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>In History emphasis should be on broad understanding social, economic and political aspects of Indian History. In the Indian National Movement, the candidates are expected to have a synoptic view of nature and character of the freedom movement, growth of nationalism and attainment of independence.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>India and World geography-</strong> Physical, Social, Economic geography of India and the World<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>In World Geography only general understanding of the subject will be expected. Questions on the Geography of India will relate to Physical, Social &amp; Economic Geography of India.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Indian Polity and governance-</strong> Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues etc.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>In Indian Polity, Economic and Culture, questions will test knowledge of the country's political system including Panchayati Raj and Community Development, broad features of Economic policy in India and Indian culture.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Economic and Social Development-</strong> Sustainable Development, Poverty Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives, etc.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The candidates will be tested with respect to problems and relationship between Population, Environment and Urbanisation.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>General Issues on Environmental ecology, Biodiversity and Climate Change-</strong> that do not require subject specialization.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>General awareness of the subject is expected from candidates.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>General Science</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Questions on General Science will cover general appreciation and understanding of Science including matters of everyday observation and experience, as may be expected of a well educated person, who has not made a special study of any scientific discipline.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Note:</strong> Candidates are expected to have general awareness about the above subjects with special reference to Uttar Pradesh.</p>
<h2>Paper-II</h2>
<h3>General Studies-II</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Comprehension</li>
<li>Interpersonal skills including communication skills</li>
<li>Logical reasoning and analytical ability</li>
<li>Decision making and problem solving</li>
<li>General mental ability</li>
<li>Elementary Mathematics upto ClassX level-Arithmetic,Algebra,Geometry and Statistics</li>
<li>General English upto Class X level</li>
<li>General Hindi upto Class X level</li>
</ul>
<h3>Elementary Mathematics (Upto Class X Level)</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Arithmetic:- (i) Number systems: Natural Numbers, Integers, Rational and Irrational numbers, Real numbers, Divisors of an Integer, prime Integers, L.C.M. and H.C.F. of integers and their Interrelationship. (ii) Average (iii) Ratio and proportion (iv) Percentage (v) Profit and Loss (vi) Simple and Compound Interests (vii) Work and Time (viii) Speed, Time and Distance</li>
<li>Algebra :- (i) Factors of polynomials, L.C.M. and H.C.F. of polynomials and their interrelationship, Remainder theorem, simultaneous linear equations, quadratic equations. (ii) Set Theory:- Set, null set, subsets and proper subsets of a set, operations (Union, Intersections, difference, symmetric difference) between sets, venn diagram.</li>
<li>Geometry:- (i) Constructions and theorems regarding triangle, rectangle, square, trapezium and circles, their perimeter and area. (ii) Volume and surface area of sphere, right circular cylinder, right circular Cone and Cube.</li>
<li>Statistics:- Collection of data, Classification of data, frequency, frequency distribution, tabulation, cumulative frequency. Representation of data - Bar diagram, Pie chart, histogram, frequency polygon, cumulative frequency curves (ogives), Measures of Central tendency:Arithmetic Mean, Median and Mode</li>
</ul>
<h3>General English Upto Class X Level</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Comprehension</li>
<li>Active Voice and Passive Voice</li>
<li>Parts of Speech</li>
<li>Transformation of Sentences</li>
<li>Direct and Indirect Speech</li>
<li>Punctuation and Spellings</li>
<li>Words meanings</li>
<li>Vocabulary &amp; Usage</li>
<li>Idioms and Phrases</li>
<li>Fill in the Blanks</li>
</ul>
<h3 style="text-align: center;">सामान्य हिंदी (हाईस्कूल स्तर तक) के पाठ्यक्रम में सम्मिलित किये जाने वाले विषय</h3>
<ol class="numberlist">
<li>हिंदी वर्णमाला, विराम चिन्ह</li>
<li>शब्द रचना, वाक्य रचना, अर्थ</li>
<li>शब्द-रूप</li>
<li>संधि, समास</li>
<li>क्रियायें</li>
<li>अनेकार्थी शब्द</li>
<li>विलोम शब्द</li>
<li>पर्यायवाची शब्द</li>
<li>मुहावरे एवं लोकोक्तियाँ</li>
<li>तत्सम एवं तद्भव, देशज, विदेशी (शब्द भंडार)</li>
<li>वर्तनी</li>
<li>अर्थबोध</li>
<li>हिन्दी भाषा के प्रयोग में होने वाली अशुद्धियाँ</li>
<li>उ.प्र. की मुख्य बोलियाँ</li>
</ol>
<h2>MAINS EXAMINATION</h2>
<h3><em><a href="/estore/test-series-en/uppsc-mains-english" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Drishti IAS UPPCS Mains Test Series</a></em></h3>
<h3>General Studies-I</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>History of Indian Culture&ndash; Salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times</li>
<li>Modern Indian History (from A.D 1757 to A.D 1947)&ndash; Significant events, personalities and issues, etc.</li>
<li>Freedom Struggle&ndash; Its various stages and important contributors/contributions from different parts of the country</li>
<li>History of the world&ndash; will include events from 18<sup>th</sup> century to middle of the 20<sup>th</sup> century such as French Revolution of 1789, Industrial Revolution, World Wars, redraw of national boundaries, Socialism, Nazism, Fascism, etc. their forms and effects on the society</li>
<li>Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the country (till 1965A.D.)</li>
<li>Salient features of Indian Society and culture</li>
<li>Role of Women in society and women&rsquo;s organization, population and associated issues, poverty and developmental issues, urbanization, their problems and their remedies</li>
<li>Meaning of liberalization, privatization and globalization and their effects on economy, polity and social structure</li>
<li>Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism &amp; secularism</li>
<li>Distribution of major natural resources of World- Water, Soils, Forests in reference to South and South-East Asia with special reference to India.</li>
<li>Factors responsible for the location of industries (with special reference to India)</li>
<li>Salient features of Physical Geography&ndash; Earthquake, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, Cyclone, Ocean Currents, winds and glaciers</li>
<li>Oceanic resources of India and their potential</li>
<li>Human migration&ndash; refugee problem of the World with focus on India</li>
<li>Frontiers and boundaries with reference to Indian sub-continent</li>
<li>Population and Settlements&ndash; Types and Patterns, Urbanization, Smart Cities and Smart Villages</li>
<li>Specific Knowledge of Uttar Pradesh&ndash; History, Culture, Art, Architecture, Festival, Folk dance, Literature, Regional languages, Heritage, Social Customs and Tourism</li>
<li>Specific knowledge of Uttar Pradesh Geography- Human and Natural Resources, Climate, Soils, Forest, Wild-Life, Mines and Minerals, Sources of Irrigation</li>
</ul>
<h3>General Studies-II</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Indian Constitution&ndash; Historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure, Role of Supreme Court in evolution of basic provisions of Constitution</li>
<li>Functions and responsibilities of the Union and States&ndash; Issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein</li>
<li>Role of Finance Commission in Centre-State financial relations</li>
<li>Separation of powers, dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions, Emergence and use of alternative dispute redressal mechanisms</li>
<li>Comparison of the Indian Constitutional scheme with that of other major democratic countries</li>
<li>Parliament and State Legislatures&ndash; Structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers and privileges and concerned issues</li>
<li>Structure, organisation and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary&ndash; Ministries and Departments of the Government, Pressure Groups, and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity, Public Interest Litigation (PIL)</li>
<li>Salient features of the Representation of People's Act</li>
<li>Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and their responsibilities</li>
<li>Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies including NITI Aayog, their features and functioning</li>
<li>Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design, implementations and Information Communications Technology (ICT)</li>
<li>Important aspects of governance&ndash; Transparency and accountability, e-governance applications, models, successes, limitations and potential, citizens, charters and institutional measures</li>
<li>Role of Civil Services in democracy in the context of emerging trends</li>
<li>Development processes&ndash; The role of Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Self Help Groups (SHGs), various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders</li>
<li>Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes, mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections</li>
<li>Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources</li>
<li>Issues relating to poverty and hunger, their implication on body politic</li>
<li>India and its relationship with neighbouring Countries;</li>
<li>Bilateral, Regional and Global groupings and agreements involving India and / or affecting India's interest</li>
<li>Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India's interests- Indian diaspora</li>
<li>Important International Institutions, Agencies their structure, mandate and functioning</li>
<li>Specific knowledge of Uttar Pradesh regarding Political, Administrative, Revenue and Judicial System</li>
<li>Current affairs and events of Regional, State, National and International importance</li>
</ul>
<h3>General Studies-III</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Economic planning in India, objectives and achievements, Role of NITI Aayog, Pursuit of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)</li>
<li>Issues of Poverty, Unemployment, Social Justice and Inclusive growth</li>
<li>Components of Government Budgets and Financial System</li>
<li>Major Crops, Different types of irrigation and irrigation systems, storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce, e-technology in the aid of farmers</li>
<li>Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices, Public Distribution System- objectives, functioning, Limitations, revamping, Issues of buffer stocks and food security, Technology missions in agriculture</li>
<li>Food processing and related industries in India- scope and significance, location, upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management</li>
<li>Land reforms in India since independence</li>
<li>Effects of liberalization and globalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth</li>
<li>Infrastructure&ndash; Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways, etc.</li>
<li>Science and Technology&ndash; Developments and applications in everyday life and in National Security, India's Science and Technology policy</li>
<li>Achievements of Indians in science &amp; technology, indigenization of technology. Developments of New technologies, transfer of technology, dual and critical use of technologies</li>
<li>Technology&ndash; Awareness in the fields of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Space Technology, Computers, Energy resources, nano-technology, microbiology, biotechnology</li>
<li>Issues relating to intellectual property rights (IPR), and digital rights</li>
<li>Environmental security and Ecosystems, Conservation of Wild life, Biodiversity, Environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment</li>
<li>Disaster as a Non-traditional security and safety challenge, disaster mitigation and management</li>
<li>Challenges of International Security&ndash; Issues of Nuclear proliferation, Causes and spread of extremism, Communication networks, role of media and social networking, Basics of</li>
<li>cyber security, money laundering and human trafficking</li>
<li>India's internal security challenges&ndash; Terrorism, corruption, insurgency and organized crimes</li>
<li>Role, kind and mandate of security forces, Higher defence organizations in India</li>
<li>Specific knowledge of Uttar Pradesh Economy&ndash;State Budgets, Importance of Agriculture, Industry, Infrastructure and physical resources, Human Resources and Skill Development, Government Programmes and Welfare Schemes.</li>
<li>Issues in State&rsquo;s Agriculture, Horticulture, Forestry and Animal Husbandry</li>
<li>Law and Order and Civil Defence with special reference to Uttar Pradesh</li>
</ul>
<h3>General Studies-IV</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Ethics and Human Interface&ndash; Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics in human action, dimensions of ethics, Ethics in private and public relationship, Human Values</li>
<li>Lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators, role of family, society and educational institutions in inculcating values</li>
<li>Attitude&ndash; Content, structure, function, its influence and relation with thought and behaviour, moral and political attitudes, social influence and persuasion</li>
<li>Aptitude and Foundational Values for Civil Service, integrity, impartiality and non-partisanship, objectivity, dedication to public services, empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weaker-sections</li>
<li>Emotional Intelligence&ndash; concept and dimensions, its utility and application in administration and governance</li>
<li>Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and world</li>
<li>Public/Civil Service values and ethics in Public Administration&ndash; status and problems, ethical concerns and dilemmas in government and private institutions, laws, rules, regulations and conscience as sources of ethical guidance, accountability and ethical governance, strengthening of moral values in governance, ethical issues in international relations and funding, corporate governance</li>
<li>Probity in Governance&ndash; concept of public service, philosophical basis of governance and probity, information sharing and transparency in government, Right to Information, codes of ethics, codes of conduct, citizen's charter, work culture, quality of service delivery, utilization of public funds, challenges of corruption</li>
<li>Case studies on above issues</li>
</ul>
<h3>Essay</h3>
<p>There will be three sections in the question paper of Essay, Candidates will have to select one topic from each section and they are required to write an essay in 700 words on each topic. In the three sections, topics of essay will be based on following sphere:</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Section A &ndash; (1) Literature and Culture (2) Social sphere (3) Political sphere</li>
<li>Section B &ndash; (1) Science, Environment and Technology (2) Economic Sphere (3) Agriculture, Industry and Trade</li>
<li>Section C &ndash; (1) National and International Events (2) Natural Calamities, Landslide, Earthquake, Deluge, Drought etc. (3) National Development programmes and projects</li>
</ul>
<h3 style="text-align: center;">सामान्य हिंदी</h3>
<p>1. दिये गए गद्य खण्ड का अवबोध एवं प्रश्नोत्तर।</p>
<p>2. संक्षेपण।</p>
<p>3. सरकारी एवं अर्धसरकारी पत्र लेखन, तार लेखन, कार्यालय आदेश, अधिसूचना, परिपत्र।</p>
<p>4. शब्द ज्ञान एवं प्रयोग।</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">(अ) उपसर्ग एवं प्रत्यय प्रयोग</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">(ब) विलोम शब्द</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">(स) वाक्यांश के लिए एकशब्द</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">(द) वर्तनी एवं वाक्य शुद्धि</p>
<p>5. लोकोक्ति एवं मुहावरे।</p>
<p><a href="/estore/study-material/state-pcs-study-materials-english" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1593777116_uppcs dlp1.jpg" /></a></p>',
		'posturl' => 'uttar-pradesh-pcs-preliminary-mains-syllabus',
		'publishon' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'tag' => 'Syllabus',
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'articles'
	
	},
	(int) 1 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 786,
		'category_id' => (int) 59,
		'title' => 'UPPCS Mains Study Material',
		'description' => '<div class="benefits-material">
<div class="wrapper">
<div class="heading">
<h2>Benefits of <br />This Material</h2>
<div class="detail-box detail-box-new">
<h3>Any Assistance?</h3>
<h2><span>8448485520</span></h2>
<a class="enquiry-btn btn" href="/hindi/contact" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Enquire Now</a></div>
<div class="icon"></div>
</div>
<div class="content">
<ul class="ticklist">
<li>The programme extensively covers all the relevant NCERTs, standard reference books, magazines and journals that are indispensible for the UPPCS Mains examination preparation.</li>
<li>The GS content pertaining specifically to Uttar Pradesh has been provided at relevant places across different booklets.</li>
<li>These booklets have been prepared in simple and crisp language that is easy to comprehend and retain.</li>
<li>The course follows a spaced learning approach &amp; is scientifically designed to cater to the evolving demands of the UPPCS Mains examination.</li>
<li>One stop solution to crack the exam and obliterate the need to consult any other material.</li>
<li>Free 6 Months subscription of "Drishti Current Affairs Today" magazine for comprehensive coverage of current affairs.</li>
<li>One-to-One interaction for doubt clearance that includes guidance and support through e-mail.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section-prelims">
<div class="wrapper">
<div class="row first">
<div class="column two">
<div class="packbox left">
<div class="subheading">
<div class="tag"><strong>1<sup>st</sup></strong> Pack</div>
(Available Now)</div>
<ul class="arrowlist">
<li>Modern Indian History &amp; Freedom Struggle<a target="_blank" href="/images/dlp-demo/uppsc/mains/gs-pack-1/Modern-Indian-History-&amp;-Freedom-Struggle.pdf" rel="noopener" class="download-list">Download Demo</a></li>
<li>Indian Society &amp; Social Justice<a target="_blank" href="/images/dlp-demo/uppsc/mains/gs-pack-1/Indian-Society-&amp;-Social-Justice.pdf" rel="noopener" class="download-list">Download Demo</a></li>
<li>World Geography<a target="_blank" href="/images/dlp-demo/uppsc/mains/gs-pack-1/World-Geography.pdf" rel="noopener" class="download-list">Download Demo</a></li>
<li>Ethics &ndash; I<a target="_blank" href="/images/dlp-demo/uppsc/mains/gs-pack-1/Ethics-I.pdf" rel="noopener" class="download-list">Download Demo</a></li>
<li>Gist of Economic Survey &amp; Budget<a target="_blank" href="/images/dlp-demo/uppsc/mains/gs-pack-1/Gist-of-Economic-Survey-Budget-&amp;-Govt-Schemes.pdf" rel="noopener" class="download-list">Download Demo</a></li>
<li>Gist of India Year Book<a target="_blank" href="/images/dlp-demo/uppsc/mains/gs-pack-1/Gist-of-India-Year-Book-2018.pdf" rel="noopener" class="download-list">Download Demo</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<!-- #end -->
<div class="column two">
<div class="packbox right">
<div class="subheading">
<div class="tag"><strong>2<sup>nd</sup></strong> Pack</div>
(Available Now)</div>
<ul class="arrowlist">
<li>Polity &amp; Governance &ndash; I<a target="_blank" href="/images/dlp-demo/uppsc/mains/gs-pack-2/Polity-&amp;-Governance-I.pdf" rel="noopener" class="download-list">Download Demo</a></li>
<li>Polity &amp; Governance &ndash; II<a target="_blank" href="/images/dlp-demo/uppsc/mains/gs-pack-2/Polity-&amp;-Governance-II.pdf" rel="noopener" class="download-list">Download Demo</a></li>
<li>Ethics &ndash; II<a target="_blank" href="/images/dlp-demo/uppsc/mains/gs-pack-2/Ethics-II.pdf" rel="noopener" class="download-list">Download Demo</a></li>
<li>Internal Security<a target="_blank" href="/images/dlp-demo/uppsc/mains/gs-pack-2/Internal-Security.pdf" rel="noopener" class="download-list">Download Demo</a></li>
<li>Indian Geography<a target="_blank" href="/images/dlp-demo/uppsc/mains/gs-pack-2/Indian-Geography.pdf" rel="noopener" class="download-list">Download Demo</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<!-- #end --></div>
<!-- end row -->
<div class="row">
<div class="column two">
<div class="packbox left">
<div class="subheading">
<div class="tag"><strong>3<sup>rd</sup></strong> Pack</div>
(Available Now)</div>
<ul class="arrowlist">
<li>Indian Economy &ndash; I<a target="_blank" href="/images/dlp-demo/uppsc/mains/gs-pack-3/Indian-Economy-I.pdf" rel="noopener" class="download-list">Download Demo</a></li>
<li>Indian Economy &ndash; II<a target="_blank" href="/images/dlp-demo/uppsc/mains/gs-pack-3/Indian-Economy-II.pdf" rel="noopener" class="download-list">Download Demo</a></li>
<li>Environment &amp; Disaster Management<a target="_blank" href="/images/dlp-demo/uppsc/mains/gs-pack-3/Environment-&amp;-Disaster-Management.pdf" rel="noopener" class="download-list">Download Demo</a></li>
<li>History of Indian Culture<a target="_blank" href="/images/dlp-demo/uppsc/mains/gs-pack-3/History-of-Indian-Culture.pdf" rel="noopener" class="download-list">Download Demo</a></li>
<li>Essay<a target="_blank" href="/images/dlp-demo/uppsc/mains/gs-pack-3/Essay-&amp;-Letter-Writing.pdf" rel="noopener" class="download-list">Download Demo</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<!-- #end -->
<div class="column two">
<div class="packbox right">
<div class="subheading">
<div class="tag"><strong>4<sup>th</sup></strong> Pack</div>
(Available Now)</div>
<ul class="arrowlist">
<li>World History &amp; Post Independence India<a target="_blank" href="/images/dlp-demo/uppsc/mains/gs-pack-4/World History-&amp;-Post-Independence-India.pdf" rel="noopener" class="download-list">Download Demo</a></li>
<li>International Relations<a target="_blank" href="/images/dlp-demo/uppsc/mains/gs-pack-4/International-Relations.pdf" rel="noopener" class="download-list">Download Demo</a></li>
<li>Science &amp; Technology<a target="_blank" href="/images/dlp-demo/uppsc/mains/gs-pack-4/Science-&amp;-Technology.pdf" rel="noopener" class="download-list">Download Demo</a><a target="_blank" href="/images/dlp-demo/uppsc/mains/gs-pack-4/Current-Affairs-I.pdf" rel="noopener" class="download-list"></a></li>
<li>Compulsory Hindi<a target="_blank" href="/images/dlp-demo/uppsc/mains/gs-pack-4/General-Hindi.pdf" rel="noopener" class="download-list">Download Demo</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<!-- #end --></div>
<!-- end row --></div>
</div>
<p></p>
<div class="section-feestruct">
<div class="wrapper">
<h2>Fee Structure</h2>
<div class="row">
<div class="column three">
<div class="box icon01 bg-yellow"><label class="bg-red">GS Mains</label><label class="bg-yellow">Essay</label><label class="bg-yellow">Compulsory Hindi</label>
<h2>General Studies</h2>
<p>(No. of Booklets : 18 + 1 + 1)</p>
<div class="price">₹ 11,000/-</div>
<a class="button" href="/estore/study-material/state-pcs-study-materials-english/uppcs-gs-essay-compulsory-study-material" target="_blank" rel="noopener">BUY Now</a></div>
</div>
<!-- #end --> <!-- #end --> <!-- #end --></div>
<!-- end row -->
<p style="text-align: center;"><small>You can pay online through any bank Visa/Master/Maestro (Debit/Credit) Card by click on <g class="gr_ gr_80 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Grammar only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="80" data-gr-id="80">Buy</g> Now button</small><img src="/drishti/img/icon-cards.png" /></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section-payment">
<div class="wrapper">
<h2>Payment Options</h2>
<div class="row">
<div class="column three"><address>
<h4>Cash Deposit</h4>
<p>You can deposit cash at our office</p>
<p><span>Office Address</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="address">Drishti The Vision Foundation,<br />641, 1st Floor, <g class="gr_ gr_81 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation multiReplace" id="81" data-gr-id="81">Dr.</g> Mukherjee Nagar, <br />Delhi-110009</li>
<li class="phone"><a href="tel:011-47532596">011-47532596</a> <br />(+91)<a href="tel:8448485520">8448485520</a></li>
</ul>
</address></div>
<!-- #end -->
<div class="column three"><address>
<h4>Bank Transfer/Account Deposit</h4>
<p>You can transfer fee amount directly to our bank account. For more detail please contact:&nbsp;</p>
<ul>
<li class="phone"><a href="tel:8448485520">8448485520</a></li>
<li class="phone"><a href="/hindi/admin/articles/edit/1800-121-6260">1800-121-6260</a></li>
</ul>
</address></div>
<!-- #end -->
<div class="column three"><address>
<h4>Demand Draft/Cheque</h4>
<p>Send your demand draft or local cheque of fee amount by registered post/courier at our office address</p>
<p><span>Office Address</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="address">Drishti The Vision Foundation, <br />641, 1st Floor, <g class="gr_ gr_82 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation multiReplace" id="82" data-gr-id="82">Dr.</g> Mukherjee Nagar, <br />Delhi-110009</li>
<li class="email"><a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a></li>
<li class="email"><a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a></li>
</ul>
</address></div>
<!-- #end --></div>
<!-- end row --></div>
</div>',
		'posturl' => 'uppcs-study-material',
		'publishon' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'tag' => 'Syllabus',
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'articles'
	
	},
	(int) 2 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 586,
		'category_id' => (int) 25,
		'title' => 'Rajasthan PCS Preliminary & Mains Syllabus',
		'description' => '<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">STATE SERVICE PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION</span></p>
<h3>History, Art, Culture, Literature, Tradition &amp; Heritage of Rajasthan.</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Major Landmarks in the History of Rajasthan</li>
<li>Major Dynasties, their Administrative and Revenue System</li>
<li>Socio-cultural Issues. Freedom Movement , Political Awakening and Integration</li>
<li>Salient features of Architecture &ndash; Forts and Monuments</li>
<li>Arts, Paintings and Handicrafts</li>
<li>Important Works of Rajasthani literature.</li>
<li>Local Dialects</li>
<li>Fairs, Festivals, Folk Music and Folk Dances.</li>
<li>Rajasthani Culture, Traditions and Heritage.</li>
<li>Religious Movements, Saints</li>
<li>Lok devtas of Rajasthan.</li>
<li>Important Tourist Places.</li>
<li>Leading Personalities of Rajasthan</li>
</ul>
<h3>Ancient &amp; Medieval Period</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Salient features and Major Landmarks of Ancient and Medieval India</li>
<li>Art, Culture, Literature and Architecture</li>
<li>Major Dynasties</li>
<li>Their Administrative System. Socio-Economic Conditions</li>
<li>Prominent Movements</li>
</ul>
<h3>Modern Period</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Modern Indian history (from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present) &ndash; significant events, personalities and issues.</li>
<li>The Freedom Struggle &amp; Indian National Movement- its various stages and important contributors and contributions from different parts of the country.</li>
<li>Social and Religious Reform movements in the 19<sup>th</sup> and 20<sup>th</sup> century.</li>
<li>Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the country</li>
</ul>
<h3>World Geography</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Broad Physical features.</li>
<li>Environmental and Ecological Issues.</li>
<li>Wildlife and Biodiversity</li>
<li>International Waterways</li>
<li>Major Industrial Regions</li>
</ul>
<h3>Geography of India</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Broad physical features and Major physiographic divisions</li>
<li>Agriculture and Agro based Activities</li>
<li>Minerals &ndash; Iron, Manganese, Coal</li>
<li>Oil &amp; Gas, Atomic minerals.</li>
<li>Major Industries and Industrial development</li>
<li>Transportation &ndash; major transport corridors.</li>
<li>Natural Resources</li>
<li>Environmental Problems and Ecological Issues</li>
</ul>
<h3>Geography of Rajasthan</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Broad physical features and Major physiographic divisions</li>
<li>Natural Resource of Rajasthan</li>
<li>Climate</li>
<li>Natural Vegetation</li>
<li>Forests</li>
<li>Wildlife</li>
<li>Biodiversity</li>
<li>Major irrigation projects</li>
<li>Mines and Minerals</li>
<li>Population</li>
<li>Major Industries</li>
<li>Potential for Industrial Development</li>
</ul>
<h3>Constitutional Development &amp; Indian Constitution</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Government of India Acts: 1919 and 1935</li>
<li>Constituent Assembly</li>
<li>Nature of Indian Constitution</li>
<li>Preamble</li>
<li>Fundamental Rights</li>
<li>Directive Principles of State</li>
<li>Fundamental Duties</li>
<li>Federal Structure</li>
<li>Constitutional</li>
<li>Amendments</li>
<li>Emergency Provisions</li>
<li>Public Interest Litigation (P.I.L.) and Judicial Review</li>
</ul>
<h3>Indian Political System and Governance</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Nature of Indian State</li>
<li>Democracy in India</li>
<li>Reorganization of States</li>
<li>Coalition Governments</li>
<li>Political Parties</li>
<li>National Integration</li>
<li>Union and State Executive Union and State Legislative</li>
<li>Judiciary</li>
<li>President</li>
<li>Parliament</li>
<li>Supreme Court</li>
<li>Election Commission</li>
<li>Comptroller and Auditor General</li>
<li>Planning Commission</li>
<li>National Development Council</li>
<li>Central Vigilance Commission (CVC)</li>
<li>Central Information Commission</li>
<li>Lokpal</li>
<li>National Human Rights Commission (NHRC)</li>
<li>Local Self Government &amp; Panchayati Raj</li>
</ul>
<h3>Public Policy &amp; Rights</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>National Public Policy as a welfare state. Various Legal Rights and Citizen Charter</li>
</ul>
<h3>Political and Administrative System of Rajasthan</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Governor</li>
<li>Chief Minister</li>
<li>State Assembly</li>
<li>High Court</li>
<li>Rajasthan Public Service Commission</li>
<li>District Administration</li>
<li>State Human Rights Commission</li>
<li>Lokayukta</li>
<li>State Election Commission</li>
<li>State Information Commission</li>
<li>Public Policy</li>
<li>Legal Rights and Citizen Charter</li>
</ul>
<h3>Basic Concepts of Economics</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Basic Knowledge of Budgeting</li>
<li>Banking, Public Finance</li>
<li>National Income</li>
<li>Growth and Development</li>
<li>Accounting-Concept</li>
<li>Tools and Uses in Administration</li>
<li>Stock Exchange and Share Market</li>
<li>Fiscal and Monetary Policies</li>
<li>Subsidies</li>
<li>Public Distribution System e-Commerce</li>
<li>Inflation-Concept</li>
<li>Impact and Control Mechanism</li>
</ul>
<h3>Economic Development &amp; Planning</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>5 Year Plans &ndash; Objectives</li>
<li>Strategies and Achievements</li>
<li>Major Sectors of Economy</li>
<li>Agriculture, Industry</li>
<li>Service and Trade-Current Status</li>
<li>Issues &amp; initiatives. Major Economic Problems and Government Initiatives</li>
<li>Economic Reforms</li>
<li>Liberalization</li>
</ul>
<h3>Human Resource and Economic Development</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Human Development Index</li>
<li>Poverty and Unemployment: Concept, Types, Causes, Remedies and Current Flagship Schemes</li>
</ul>
<h3>Social Justice and Empowerment</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Provisions for Weaker Sections</li>
</ul>
<h3>Economy of Rajasthan</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Macro overview of Economy. Major Agricultural</li>
<li>Industrial and Service Sector Issues</li>
<li>Growth, Development and Planning</li>
<li>Infrastructure &amp; Resources</li>
<li>Major Development Projects</li>
<li>Programmes and Schemes &ndash; Government Welfare Schemes for SC/ST/Backward</li>
<li>Class/Minorities/Disabled Persons</li>
<li>Destitute, Women, Children, Old Age People, Farmers &amp; Labourers</li>
</ul>
<h3>Science and Technology</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Basics of Everyday Science</li>
<li>Electronics</li>
<li>Computers</li>
<li>Information and Communication Technology</li>
<li>Space Technology including Satellites</li>
<li>Defence Technology</li>
<li>Nanotechnology</li>
<li>Human body</li>
<li>Food and Nutrition</li>
<li>Health care</li>
<li>Environmental and Ecological Changes and its Impacts</li>
<li>Biodiversity</li>
<li>Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering</li>
<li>Agriculture</li>
<li>Horticulture</li>
<li>Forestry and Animal Husbandry with special reference to Rajasthan</li>
<li>Development of Science and Technology in Rajasthan</li>
</ul>
<h3>Reasoning &amp; Mental Ability</h3>
<p><strong>Logical Reasoning (Deductive, Inductive, Abductive)</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Statement and Assumptions</li>
<li>Statement and Argument</li>
<li>Statements and Conclusion</li>
<li>Courses of Action</li>
<li>Analytical Reasoning</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Mental Ability</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Number series</li>
<li>Letter series</li>
<li>Odd man out</li>
<li>Coding-Decoding</li>
<li>Problems relating to Relations</li>
<li>Shapes and their sub sections</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Basic Numeracy</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Elementary knowledge of Mathematical and Statistical Analysis</li>
<li>Number System</li>
<li>Order of Magnitude</li>
<li>Ratio and Proportion</li>
<li>Percentage</li>
<li>Simple and Compound Interest</li>
<li>Data Analysis (Tables, Bar diagram, Line graph, Pie-chart)</li>
</ul>
<h3>Current Affairs</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Major Current Events and Issues of State(Rajasthan)</li>
<li>National and International Importance Persons and Places in recent news</li>
<li>Games and Sports related Activities</li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align: center;"></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">STATE SERVICE MAINS EXAMINATION</span></p>
<h2>Paper &ndash; 1</h2>
<h3>General Knowledge and General Studies</h3>
<p><strong>History, Art, Culture, Literature, Tradition &amp; Heritage of Rajasthan</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Major Landmarks in the History of Rajasthan, Major Dynasties, their Administrative and Revenue System</li>
<li>Socio-cultural Issues</li>
<li>Freedom Movement, Political Awakening and Integration</li>
<li>Salient features of Architecture &ndash; Forts and Monuments</li>
<li>Arts, Paintings and Handicrafts</li>
<li>Important Works of Rajasthani literature. Local Dialects</li>
<li>Fairs, Festivals, Folk Music and Folk Dances</li>
<li>Rajasthani Culture, Traditions and Heritage</li>
<li>Religious Movements, Saints &amp; Lok devtas of Rajasthan</li>
<li>Important Tourist Places</li>
<li>Leading Personalities of Rajasthan</li>
</ul>
<h3>Indian History</h3>
<p><strong>Ancient &amp; Medieval Period:</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Salient features and Major Landmarks of Ancient and Medieval India.</li>
<li>Art, Culture, Literature and Architecture.</li>
<li>Major Dynasties, Administrative, Social and Economic system. Socio-cultural Issues, Prominent Movements.</li>
<li>Ancient Indian Cultural System &amp; Ideals- Varna Vyavastha, Ashram Vyavastha, Sanskar Vyavastha, Doctrine of Purushartha, Rina and Rita.</li>
<li>Secularism, Religious Tolerance, Religious Unity.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Modern Period:</strong></p>
<p>Modern Indian History from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Freedom Struggle &amp; Indian National Movement- its various stages and important contributors /contributions from different parts of the country.</li>
<li>Social and Religious reform movements in the 19th and 20th century.</li>
<li>Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the country.&nbsp;</li>
</ul>
<h3>History of Modern World</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Renaissance and Reformations.</li>
<li>American War of Independence.</li>
<li>Industrial Revolution, French Revolution and Russian Revolution.</li>
<li>Imperialism and colonialism in Asia and Africa.</li>
<li>World War First and World War Second.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Indian Constitution, Political System Governance</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Indian Constitution: historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure.</li>
<li>Determinants and Nature of Indian Politics, Election and Voting Behavior</li>
<li>Coalition Governments.</li>
<li>Parliamentary Form of Government.</li>
<li>Federal Dynamics.</li>
<li>Judicial Review.</li>
<li>Challenges of National Integration.&nbsp;</li>
</ul>
<h3>Administrative System of Rajasthan</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Administrative Setup and Administrative Culture in Rajasthan.</li>
<li>Various Rights and Citizen Charter.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Economic Concepts and Indian Economy</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Accounting &ndash; Techniques of Analysis of Financial Statements, Working Capital Management.</li>
<li>Auditing &ndash; Meaning, Objects, Detection of Frauds and Errors, Internal Control, Social Audit, Propriety Audit, Performance Audit, Efficiency Audit.</li>
<li>Budgeting &ndash; Different types of Budgeting, Budgetary Control, Responsibility Accounting, Social Accounting, Different types of Deficits- Budgetary, Fiscal &amp; Revenue Deficit.</li>
<li>Major Sectors of Economy &ndash; Agriculture, Industry, Service and Trade- Current Status, Issues &amp; initiatives.</li>
<li>Banking &ndash; Role of Commercial Banks, Issue of NPA, Financial Inclusion</li>
<li>Major Economic Problems and Government Initiatives.</li>
<li>Growth, Development &amp; Planning &ndash; Issues, trends &amp; initiatives; Fast, inclusive &amp; Sustainable Growth.</li>
<li>Growth Indicators.</li>
<li>Public Finance, Monetary Policies, Inflation &amp; Control Mechanism, Repo Rate, Reverse Repo Rate, CRR &amp; SLR.</li>
<li>Tax Reforms in India, Direct &amp; Indirect Tax Reforms.</li>
<li>Subsidies &ndash; Cash Transfer of Subsidy Issue.</li>
<li>Concept of Money Supply and High Powered Money.</li>
<li>Food Security &amp; PDS.</li>
<li>Role of Foreign Capital, MNCs in Indian Economy.</li>
<li>Investment and Disinvestment Policies.</li>
<li>New waves of Economic Reforms in India.</li>
<li>Role and Functions of Reserve Bank, SEBI, Planning Commission.&nbsp;</li>
</ul>
<h3>Economy of Rajasthan</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Macro overview of Economy of Rajasthan.</li>
<li>Major Agricultural, Industrial and Service sector Issues.</li>
<li>Growth, Development and Planning with special reference to Rajasthan.</li>
<li>Infrastructure &amp; Resources, Sources of high growth for Rajasthan Economy.</li>
<li>Major development projects of Rajasthan.</li>
<li>Public Private Partnership Model for Economic Transformation in the State.</li>
<li>Demographic Scenario of the State and its impact.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Geography of World and India</h3>
<p><strong>World Geography:</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Broad Physical features.</li>
<li>Environmental and Ecological Issues.</li>
<li>Current Geopolitical Conflict Zones.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Geography of India:</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Broad Physical Features and Major Physiographic Divisions.</li>
<li>Environmental and Ecological Issues.</li>
<li>Natural Resources.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Geography of Rajasthan</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Major Geographical Regions.</li>
<li>Natural Vegetation.</li>
<li>Livestocks, Wildlife &amp; its Conservation.</li>
<li>Agro-climatic Regions.</li>
<li>Metallic &amp; Non-Metallic Minerals.</li>
<li>Energy Resources- Conventional &amp; Non-conventional.</li>
<li>Population &amp; Tribes.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Paper - 2</h2>
<h3>General Knowledge and General Studies</h3>
<h3>Logical reasoning (Deductive, Inductive, Abductive)</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Statement And Assumptions, Statement and Argument, Statements and Conclusion.</li>
<li>Courses of Action.</li>
<li>Analytical Reasoning.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Mental Ability:</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Number series,</li>
<li>Letter series,</li>
<li>Odd man out,</li>
<li>Coding-Decoding,</li>
<li>Problems relating to Relations,</li>
<li>Shapes and their subsections,</li>
<li>Venn diagram.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Basic Numeracy (Elementary knowledge of Mathematical and Statistical Analysis):</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Number System,</li>
<li>Problems on Numbers and Order of Magnitude,</li>
<li>Ratio and Proportion,</li>
<li>Compound Proportion,</li>
<li>Percentage,</li>
<li>Average</li>
<li>H.C.F.,</li>
<li>C.M.,</li>
<li>Square Root,</li>
<li>Cube Root,</li>
<li>Time and Work,</li>
<li>Time, Speed and Distance,</li>
<li>Simple and Compound Interest,</li>
<li>Area and Perimeter of Simple Geometrical Shapes.</li>
<li>Data Analysis (Tables, Bar diagram, Line graph, Pie-chart) and Interpretation of Categorized Data,</li>
<li>Sampling,</li>
<li>Probability,</li>
<li>Linear Regression and Correlation,</li>
<li>Distribution (Binomial, Poisson &amp; Normal).</li>
</ul>
<h3>General Science &amp; Technology</h3>
<p><strong>General and Everyday Science</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Basics of Physics, Chemistry and Biological Sciences.</li>
<li>Basic Knowledge of Computers and Use of Information Technology in Administration, e-governance, e-commerce.</li>
<li>Food and Nutrition, Health Care.</li>
<li>General Issues on Environment, Ecological Preservation, Conservation of Natural Resources, Wildlife and Biodiversity.</li>
<li>Contributions of Scientists in the Development of Science and Technology with Particular Reference to India.</li>
<li>Importance of Science and Technology in development of India.</li>
<li>Important Technological Concepts and Advancements.</li>
<li>Information and Communication Technology (ICT).</li>
<li>Space Technology and Robotics.</li>
<li>Forensic Science Technology.</li>
<li>Food and Nutrition Technology.</li>
<li>Defense Technology.</li>
<li>Other Recent Technologies and Innovations.</li>
<li>Technology Related Issues Regarding Intellectual Property Right.</li>
</ul>
<p>Agriculture, Horticulture, Forestry, Dairy and Animal Husbandry with special reference to Rajasthan.</p>
<p>Various Scientific &amp; Technological Projects of Rajasthan.</p>
<h2>Paper - 3</h2>
<h3>General Knowledge and General Studies</h3>
<h3>Current Affairs</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Major Current events and happenings of State(Rajasthan), National and</li>
<li>International Importance.</li>
<li>Persons and Places in recent news.</li>
<li>Games and Sports related Activities.</li>
</ul>
<h3>India and Global Perspective&nbsp;</h3>
<p><strong>India in Global Perspective</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Current Global Developments impeaching upon Society and Economy of India.</li>
<li>Emerging World Order in the Post Cold War Era, Role and Impact of UNO and</li>
<li>different world Organisations.</li>
<li>Comparative status of Developing, Emerging and Developed Countries, Problems of Developing Countries.</li>
<li>Threat of War and Disastrous Weapons, Risks of Nuclear Power.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Global Economic issues and trends</strong>&nbsp;</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Issue of Economic Imbalances.</li>
<li>Role of World Bank, IMF WTO &amp; other Important International Organisations in world Economy.</li>
<li>Impacts of Globalisation,</li>
<li>Privatisation,</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>International Affair and Diplomatic Strategy</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>International Affair and Indian Foreign Policy.</li>
<li>International Treaties and Summits.</li>
<li>Geo&ndash;Political and Strategic Developments in India&rsquo;s Neighborhood and their Impact on India.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Current Sensitive Issues&nbsp;</h3>
<p><strong>Issues related to National Integrity and Security:</strong>&nbsp;</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Potential areas of Socio-political conflicts between and within Indian States,</li>
<li>Traditional,</li>
<li>Contemporary and Emerging Threats;</li>
<li>Internal and External Threats;</li>
<li>Threats of Conflicts, Naxal Problems,</li>
<li>Terrorism,</li>
<li>Trans-border Infiltration and Insurgency Issues,</li>
<li>Communalism, Organised crimes,</li>
<li>Cyber issues,</li>
<li>Drug trafficking and other such issues.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Governance Issues:</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Sustainable and Inclusive Growth,</li>
<li>Current Social Challenges,</li>
<li>Issues related to Youth, Women, Children, Old Age People, Minority, Weaker Sections, Tribal, Farmers, Labourers and Professionals in India and Rajasthan.</li>
<li>Gender Equality,</li>
<li>Women Empowerment,</li>
<li>Human Rights,</li>
<li>Social Justice,</li>
<li>Land Acquisition.</li>
<li>Challenges pertaining to Urbanisation,</li>
<li>Demographic imbalances,</li>
<li>Regional imbalances and Social Conflicts.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Pressure Groups and Organisational Development:</strong>&nbsp;</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Role of NGOs,</li>
<li>Civil Society,</li>
<li>Action Groups,</li>
<li>Self Help Groups; Producer&rsquo;s Associations,</li>
<li>Consumer Forums,</li>
<li>Co-operative Groups.</li>
<li>Possibilities,</li>
<li>Resources and Programmes for Development in Rajasthan</li>
<li>Important Issues of Development with Special Reference to Rajasthan Infrastructure &amp; Resources of Rajasthan -</li>
<li>Current Status,</li>
<li>Issues &amp; Initiatives Various National Missions,</li>
<li>Projects and Schemes of Rajasthan- Their Objectives and Impact.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Possibilities, Resources and Programmes for Development in Rajasthan</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Important Issues of Development with Special Reference to Rajasthan</li>
<li>Infrastructure &amp; Resources of Rajasthan - Current Status, Issues &amp; Initiatives</li>
<li>Various National Missions, Projects and Schemes of Rajasthan- Their Objectives and Impact.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Administrative Ethics</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, Determinants and Consequences of Ethics in human actions; Dimensions of Ethics; Ethics in Private and Public Relationships.</li>
<li>Aptitude and Foundational Value of Civil Services : integrity, impartiality and nonpartisanship, objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weaker sections.</li>
<li>Emotional Intelligence : concepts and their utilities and application in administration and governance.</li>
<li>Strengthening of Moral values in Governance and Public Administration.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Paper - 4&nbsp;</h2>
<h3 style="text-align: center;">Knowledge of Language (Hindi and English)</h3>
<p style="text-align: center;">चतुर्थ प्रश्नपत्र-भाषागत ज्ञान (हिन्दी एवं अंग्रेजी)</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">सामान्य हिन्दी (राजस्थानी सहित)</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">कुल अंक : 120</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">हिन्दी</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">अंक - 100</p>
<p>इस प्रश्न पत्र का उद्&zwnj;देश्य अभ्यर्थी की भाषा-विषयक क्षमता तथा उसके विचारों की सही, स्पष्ट एवं प्रभावपूर्ण अभिव्यक्ति की परख करना है।</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>भाग &ldquo;अ&rdquo;</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center;">अंक &ndash; 30</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>संधि एवं संधिविच्छेद - दिए हुए शब्दों में संधि करना और संधि-विच्छेद करना।</li>
<li>उपसर्ग - उपसर्गों का सामान्य ज्ञान और उनके संयोग से शब्दों की संरचना और शब्दों में विद्यमान उपसर्गों को पृथक्&zwnj; करना।</li>
<li>प्रत्यय - प्रत्ययों का सामान्य ज्ञान और उनके संयोग से शब्दों की संरचना और शब्दों में विद्यमान प्रत्ययों को पृथक्&zwnj; करना।</li>
<li>शब्द - युग्मों का अर्थभेद</li>
<li>एक वाक्यांश के लिए एक सार्थक शब्द</li>
<li>वाक्य-शुद्धि - विभिन्न व्याकरणिक अशुद्धियों वाले वाक्य को शुद्ध करना।</li>
<li>मुहावरे व अनुप्रयोग</li>
<li>पारिभाषिक-शब्दावली - प्रशासन से सम्बन्धित अंग्रेजी शब्दों के समानार्थक हिन्दी शब्द।</li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>भाग &ldquo;ब&rdquo;</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center;">अंक &ndash; 30</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>संक्षिप्तीकरण - गद्यावतरण का उचित शीर्षक एवं एक-तिहाई शब्दों में संक्षिप्तीकरण (गद्यावतरण की शब्द - सीमा 150 शब्द एवं संक्षिप्तीकरण लगभग 50 शब्दों में होना चाहिए)</li>
<li>वृद्धीकरण - किसी सूक्ति, प्रसिद्ध कथन आदि का भाव विस्तार। (शब्द-सीमा 150 शब्द)</li>
<li>पत्र-लेखन एवं प्रारूप् - कार्यालयी पत्र, निविदा, परिपत्र और अधिसूचना।</li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>भाग &ldquo;स&rdquo;</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center;">अंक - 40</p>
<p>किसी समसामयिक एवं अन्य विषय पर निबंध-लेखन (शब्द - सीमा 500 शब्द)</p>
<p>नोट - पाँच विकल्पों में से किसी एक विषय पर निबंध लेखन।</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>राजस्थानी साहित्य एवं बोलियाँ</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center;">कुल अंक - 20</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">खण्ड-क (कुल अंक - 10)</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>राजस्थानी साहित्य का उद्&zwnj;भव एवं विकास</li>
<li>राजस्थान की विविध बोलियाँ एवं प्रचलन क्षेत्र</li>
<li>राजस्थानी कहावतों/मुहावरों का हिन्दी अर्थ</li>
<li>राजस्थानी शब्दों के हिन्दी समानार्थक शब्द</li>
<li>राजस्थानी पद्य का हिन्दी अनुवाद</li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align: center;">खण्ड - ख (कुल अंक - 10)</p>
<p>इस भाग में राजस्थानी साहित्य के प्रमुख रचनाकारों एवं उनकी रचनाओं से संबंधित एवं लोक साहित्य की विधाओं से संबंधित परिचयात्मक प्रश्न पूछे जाएंगे।</p>
<ol>
<li>एक सामान्य परिचयात्मक प्रश्न राजस्थानी काव्य/लोकगीतों से संबंधित होगा।</li>
<li>एक सामान्य परिचयात्मक प्रश्न राजस्थानी गद्य की विविध विधाओं/लोक-कथा/लोक-गाथा से संबंधित होगा।</li>
</ol>
<p style="text-align: center;">अंग्रेजी (ENGLISH)</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">कुल अंक - 80</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">भाग &ndash; अ (PART A) 30 Marks English</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Articles</li>
<li>Preposition</li>
<li>Change of Voice</li>
<li>Change of Narration</li>
<li>Determiners</li>
<li>Tenses</li>
<li>Modals</li>
<li>Synonyms &amp; Antonyms</li>
<li>Phrasal Verbs &amp; Idioms</li>
<li>One word substitute&nbsp;</li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align: center;">Comprehension and Translation</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">भाग &ndash; ब&nbsp; (PART B) 20 Marks</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Translation of five sentences (Hindi to English)</li>
<li>Comprehension of unseen passage (250 words approx.) followed by 5 questions.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Note:</strong> Question No. 5 should preferably be on vocabulary.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">Composition</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">भाग &ndash; स (PART C) - 30 Marks&nbsp;</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Paragraph Writing (200 Words approx.)</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>(Any one out of 3 topics)</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Letter Writing / Report Writing: (150 Words approx.)</li>
</ul>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">OR</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Precis writing</li>
</ul>',
		'posturl' => 'rajasthan-pcs-preliminary-&-mains-syllabus',
		'publishon' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'tag' => 'Syllabus',
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'articles'
	
	},
	(int) 3 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 585,
		'category_id' => (int) 25,
		'title' => 'Chhattisgarh PCS Preliminary & Mains Syllabus',
		'description' => '<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">STATE SERVICE PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION</span></p>
<h2>Question Paper 1 General Studies</h2>
<p><em><strong>(Questions 100, Marks 200), Time : 2 hours</strong></em></p>
<h3>PART &ndash; '1'</h3>
<p><strong>General Studies</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>History of India and Indian National Movement</li>
<li>Physical, Social &amp; Economic Geography of India</li>
<li>Constitution of India &amp;, Polity</li>
<li>Indian Economy</li>
<li>General Science &amp; Technology</li>
<li>Indian Philosophy, Art, Literature &amp; Culture</li>
<li>Current Affairs &amp; Sports</li>
</ul>
<h3>PART &ndash; '2'</h3>
<p><strong>General Knowledge of Chhattisgarh</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>History of Chhattisgarh &amp; Contribution of Chhattisgarh in Freedom Movement.</li>
<li>Geography, Climate, Physical status, Census, Archeological and</li>
<li>Tourist Centres of Chhattisgarh.</li>
<li>Literature, Music, Dance, Art and Culture, Idioms and Proverbs, Puzzle/riddle (जनऊला), Singing (हाना) of Chhattisgarh.</li>
<li>Tribes, Special Traditions, Teej and Festivals of Chhattisgarh.</li>
<li>Economy, Forest and Agriculture of Chhattisgarh.</li>
<li>Administrative Structure, Local Government and Panchayati Raj of&nbsp;Chhattisgarh.</li>
<li>Industry in Chhattisgarh, Energy, Water and Mineral Resource of&nbsp;Chhattisgarh.</li>
<li>Current Affairs of Chhattisgarh.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Question Paper 2 Aptitude Test</h2>
<p><em><strong>(Questions 100, Marks 200), Time: 2 hours.</strong></em></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Interpersonal skills including communication skills;</li>
<li>Logical reasoning and analytical ability</li>
<li>Decision making and problem solving</li>
<li>General mental ability</li>
<li>Basic numeracy (numbers and their relations, orders of magnitude (etc.) (Class X level), Data interpretation (charts, graphs, tables, data sufficiency etc. Class X level)</li>
<li>Knowledge of Hindi Language (Class X level)</li>
<li>Knowledge of Chhattisgarhi Language</li>
</ul>
<p>Knowledge of Hindi Language and Chhattisgarhi Language will be tested in Hindi and Chhattisgarhi Language only, without providing translation.</p>
<p></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">STATE SERVICE MAINS EXAMINATION</span></p>
<h2>Question Paper &ndash; 1 Language</h2>
<p><em><strong>(Marks: 200, Duration: 3 hours)</strong></em></p>
<h3>Section &ndash; 01 &ndash; General Hindi (सामान्य हिन्दी)</h3>
<p>भाषा-बोध, संक्षिप्त लेखन, पर्यायवाची एवं विलोम शब्द, समोच्चरित शब्दों के अर्थ भेद, वाक्याशं के लिए एक सार्थक शब्द, संधि एवं संधि-विच्छेद, सामासिक पदरचना एवं समास-विग्रह, तत्सम एवं तद्&zwnj;भव शब्द, शब्द शुद्धि, वाक्य शुद्धि, उपसर्ग एवं प्रत्यय, मुहावरे एवं लोकोकित (अर्थ एवं प्रयोग), पत्र लेखन, हिन्दी साहित्य के इतिहास में काल विभाजन एवं नामकरण, छत्तीसगढ़ के साहित्यकार एवं उनकी रचनाएं।</p>
<h3>Section &ndash; 02 &ndash; General Sanskrit (सामान्य संस्कृति)</h3>
<p>संधि: संधि विच्छेद, संधि नाम, संधि, शब्द रूप-स्वरान्त, व्यञ्&zwnj;जनान्त, सर्वनाम, संख्यावाची, वाच्य-परिवर्तन-कारक विभक्तियाँ-अनुवाद-हिन्दी से संस्कृत, संस्कृत से हिन्दी, अव्यय, समास के सभी प्रकार, विग्रह एवं सामासिक शब्द, रचना: निबन्ध, अपठित गद्यांश, पत्र-लेखन, सुभाशितानि।</p>
<h3>Section &ndash; 03 &ndash; General English</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Comprehension</li>
<li>Precis Writing</li>
<li>Re arrangement and Correction of Sentences</li>
<li>Synonyms</li>
<li>Antonyms</li>
<li>Filling the Blanks</li>
<li>Correction of Spellings</li>
<li>Vocabulary and usage</li>
<li>Idioms and Phrases</li>
<li>Tenses</li>
<li>Prepositions</li>
<li>Active Voice and Passive voice</li>
<li>Parts of Speech</li>
<li>Translation- English to Hindi</li>
<li>Letter writing</li>
</ul>
<h3>Section &ndash; 04 &ndash; Chhattisgarhi Language (छत्तीसगढ़ी भाषा)</h3>
<p>छत्तीसगढ़ी भाषा का ज्ञान, छत्तीसगढ़ी भाषा का विकास एवं इतिहास, छत्तीसगढ़ी भाषा का साहित्य एवं प्रमुख साहित्यकार, छत्तीसगढ़ी का व्याकरण, हिन्दी से छत्तीसगढ़ी एवं छत्तीसगढ़ी से हिन्दी प्रशासनिक शब्दकोश।</p>
<h2>Question Paper &ndash; 2 Essay</h2>
<p><em><strong>(Marks: 200, Duration- 3 hours)</strong></em><br /><br /><strong>Section I:</strong> Problems of National level</p>
<p><strong>Section II:</strong> Problems relating to the State of Chhattisgarh</p>
<h2>Question Paper &ndash; 3 History, Constitution and Public Administration</h2>
<p><em><strong>(Marks 200, Duration 3 hours)</strong></em></p>
<h3>Section 01 &ndash; Histor of India</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Indus Civilization</li>
<li>Vedic Civilization</li>
<li>Jainism and Buddhism</li>
<li>Rise of Magadh Empire</li>
<li>Mauryan Polity and Economy</li>
<li>Gupta Empire</li>
<li>Development of Art</li>
<li>Architecture</li>
<li>Literature &amp; Science In Gupta- Vakataka Period</li>
<li>Bhakti Movement</li>
<li>Sufism</li>
<li>Growth of Literature in regional Languages</li>
<li>Vijayanagar Kingdom</li>
<li>Rise of Marathas</li>
<li>Advent of Europeans and factors leading to the British Supremacy</li>
<li>Expansion of British Empire- Wars and diplomacy</li>
<li>Rural Economy-Agriculture</li>
<li>Land Revenue Systems - Permanent Settlement, Ryotwari, Mahalwari, Decline of handicrafts, Relation of East India Company with States, Changes in Administrative Structure, Urban Economy after 1858, Development of Railways, Industrialization</li>
<li>Constitutional Development</li>
</ul>
<h3>Section 02 &ndash; Indian National Movement</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Rise of Nationalism</li>
<li>The Revolt of 1857</li>
<li>Establishment of Indian National Congress</li>
<li>Partition of Bengal and Swadeshi Movement</li>
<li>Rise and Growth of Communalism</li>
<li>Revolutionary Movements</li>
<li>Home Rule Movement</li>
<li>Gandhian Movements</li>
<li>Workers, Peasant and Tribal Movements</li>
<li>Quit India Movement</li>
<li>Indian National Army</li>
<li>Independence and Partition of India</li>
<li>Merger of States</li>
<li>Socio - Religious Reform Movements - Brahmo Samaj, Arya Samaj, Prarthana Samaj, Ramakrishna Mission</li>
</ul>
<h3>Section 03 &ndash;&nbsp;History of Chhattisgarh and Contribution of Chhattisgarh in National Movement</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>History of Chhattisgarh from Vedic age to Gupta Period</li>
<li>Major dynasties like Rajarshi Tulya Kula, Nala, Sharabhpuriyas, Pandu, Somvanshiya</li>
<li>The Kalachuris and their Administration, Chhattisgarh<br />under the Marathas, Former princely states of Chhattisgarh and<br />Zamindaris, British Rule in Chhattisgarh, Feudatory States, Revolt of 1857, Freedom Movement in Chhattisgarh, Workers, Peasant and Tribal Movements, Constitution of Chhattisgarh State</li>
</ul>
<h3>Section 04 &ndash; Constitution of India</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Historical background of Indian Constitution ( 1773-1950)</li>
<li>Salient Features of Constitution, Preamble, Nature of Constitution</li>
<li>Part III- Fundamental Rights</li>
<li>Part IV- Directive Principles of State Policy, Right to Constitutional Remedies,( writs), Judicial Review and Judicial<br />Activism, Fundamental Duties</li>
<li>The Union- Executive, Parliament, Supreme Court, Attorney General</li>
<li>The State- Executive, Legislative, High Courts, Advocate General and Subordinate Courts, Relations between the Union and the States- Distribution of legislative powers, administrative relations, financial relations, Services under the Union and the States. All India Services, Union and State Public Service Commissions. Tribunals and Administrative Tribunals, Election and Election Commission, Special provisions relating to Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Backward Classes, Panchayat and Municipalities</li>
<li>Official Language- Language of the Union and Regional Languages, Emergency Provisions, Amendment of the Constitution, Concept of the basic structure, Schedules, Constitutional Amendments update</li>
</ul>
<h3>Section 05 &ndash; Public Administration</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Public Administration - Meaning, Scope, Nature and Importance. Public Administration and Private Administration under Liberalization</li>
<li>New Public Administration</li>
<li>Development Administration and Comparative Public Administration</li>
<li>New dimensions of Public Administration.</li>
<li>State vs. Bazar</li>
<li>Rule of Law</li>
<li>Organization- Principles, Approaches, structure. Management- leadership, policy formulation, decision making theory</li>
<li>Tools of Administrative Management- Co-ordination, Delegation, Communication, Supervision and Motivation, Administrative Reforms, Good Governance, Bureaucracy, District<br />Administration</li>
<li>Theory of Natural Justice</li>
<li>Control over Administration in India- Parliamentary, Financial, Judicial and Executive Control. Lokpal and Lokayukta</li>
<li>Right to Information, Concept of State, Sovereignty</li>
<li>Democracy- Direct and Indirect. Parliamentary and Presidential,<br />Federal and Unitary Government</li>
<li>Theory of Separation of Power</li>
</ul>
<h2>Question Paper &ndash; 4 Science, Technology and Environment</h2>
<p><em><strong>(Marks 200, Duration 3 hours)</strong></em></p>
<h3>Section 01 &ndash; Chemistry</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Rate of chemical reaction and chemical equilibrium - Preliminary knowledge of rate of chemical reaction. Fast and slow chemical Reversible and irreversible chemical reactions. Reversible reaction and dynamic nature of equilibrium</li>
<li>Acids and bases</li>
<li>pH scale [simple numerical questions. Exothermic and endothermic reactions</li>
<li>Some important chemical compounds - properties and uses. Method of production manufacture [water, washing soda, baking soda bleaching powder and plaster of Paris]</li>
<li>preparation of building material-lime cement glass and steel</li>
<li>Metals - Position of metals in the periodic table and general properties</li>
<li>Metal</li>
<li>mineral ore</li>
<li>Difference between mineral and ore</li>
<li>Metallurgy-concentration, roasting, smelting, refining of ores.</li>
<li>Metallurgy of copper and Iron. corrosion of metals</li>
<li>Alloys</li>
<li>Nonmetals - Position of nonmetals in the periodic table. Preparation properties and uses of Hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen</li>
<li>Some important organic compounds - laboratory method of preparing alcohol and acetic acid, properties and uses some general artificial polymers, polythene, polyvinyl chloride</li>
<li>Teflon soap and detergents</li>
</ul>
<h3>Section 02 &ndash; Physics</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Source of Energy - Conventional and new sources of energy, source of solar energy, causes of origin of energy in the Sun, solar heating devices, solar cooker solar cell, wind energy, biogas, fossil fuels, ideal fuel properties of ideal fuel</li>
<li>Nuclear energy, nuclear Fission, Fusion, chain reaction, nuclear reactor, uses and harms of nuclear energy</li>
<li>General information about CREDA. Light - nature of light reflection of light, laws of reflection, reflection from plane and curved surface, image formation by plane convex and concave mirror, relation between focal length and radius of curvature, determination of focal length of concave mirror by single pin method</li>
<li>[Relation between u-v-f numerical examples</li>
<li>Refraction of light - laws of refraction, refraction by glass slab, critical angle, total internal reflection, use of total internal reflection<br />in daily life</li>
<li>Lens [converging and diverging lens</li>
<li>Definition focal length optical centre image formation by lens</li>
<li>Human eye, its defects and remedies</li>
<li>Comparison between photographic camera and human eye.</li>
<li>Simple telescope and astronomical telescope</li>
<li>Construction working, uses, ray diagram [no formula derivation]</li>
<li>Electricity and its effects - electric intensity, potential, potential difference, electric current Ohm&rsquo;s law</li>
<li>Resistance specific resistance, influencing factors, combination of resistance and related numerical examples thermal effect of current it&rsquo;s use, calculation of power and electrical energy spent. (numerical) precautions observed in electric experiments</li>
<li>Chemical effects of electric current</li>
<li>Primary and secondary cells their properties and drawback</li>
<li>Leclanche cell, dry cell, lead accumulator cell, construction</li>
<li>Magnetic effect of current - Magnetic effect of current, Oersted experiment, electromagnetic induction, electric motor, working principle and use of generator, general studies of alternating current and direct current, electric discharge in gases, discharge tube, cathode rays, X-rays and their properties</li>
<li>Magnetism - Magnet and its types artificial magnet, methods of preparing magnets, molecular theory of magnetism, demagnetization, magnetic keepers, magnetic lines of force and their properties</li>
<li>Plotting the lines of force Terrestrial magnetism, magnetic storm. Magnetic meridian geographical meridiaan, relation between VHI and &theta;</li>
</ul>
<h3>Section 03 &ndash; Biology</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Animal nutrition - Types of nutrition, Autotrophic Nutrition, heterotrophic Nutrition, Holozoic, Parasitic, Saprophytic, symbiotic, Insectivorous</li>
<li>Important terms of nutrition process</li>
<li>Digestion in unicellular cell animal [amoeba] and multicellular animal grasshopper</li>
<li>Human digestive system and digestive process</li>
<li>Photosynthesis, main steps of the process</li>
<li>light reaction and dark reaction</li>
<li>Factors influencing Photosynthesis</li>
<li>Experiments related to photosynthesis</li>
<li>Respiration - Definition, respiratory organs of animals breathing and respiration, Types of respiration, Aerobic and anaerobic respiration, respiratory system of human being and mechanism of respiration [general information], respiratory quotient [RQ] of carbohydrate, fat and protein</li>
<li>Transport of mineral and water in plants and animals [in context of human being] Composition And function of blood, structure and working of heart, structure and function of blood vessels [preliminary knowledge] coagulation of blood, blood group, blood transfusion, blood bank, function of lymph system. diseases related to heart</li>
<li>Excretion - excretion in plants and excretory product. Excretion in animal and excretory organs</li>
<li>Excretion system of man and excretion process [general information] artificial kidney dialysis</li>
<li>Osmoregulation</li>
<li>Diseases related to kidney</li>
<li>Control and coordination - coordination in plants and animal Phytohormones</li>
<li>Nervous system of human being</li>
<li>Structure and function of human Brain and spinal cord, reflex action, endocrine glands hormone and their function</li>
<li>Reproduction and growth - type of reproduction Asexual reproduction fission, budding, regeneration, vegetative reproduction, layering, cutting, grafting, Parthenogenesis,<br />sexual reproduction in plants, structure of flower and reproduction process [general information] pollination fertilization</li>
<li>Human reproductive system and reproduction process</li>
<li>Heredity and evolution - heredity and variation. basis of heredity chromosome and DNA [preliminary information] gene</li>
<li>sex determination preliminary knowledge of organic evolution [Oparin&rsquo;s theory only]</li>
</ul>
<h3>Section 04 &ndash; Technology</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>National policy of science and technology and changes in the policy from time to time, purpose of technology</li>
<li>Space programme in India and its applications with special reference to industrial, agricultural and other rural developmental activities, INSAT and IRS systems</li>
<li>Role of Information Technology in Rural India, basic knowledge of computers, computers in communication and broadcasting, software development for economic growth</li>
<li>Broad applications of IT. Energy Resources : Energy demands, renewable and nonrenewable energy resources, nuclear energy, the development and its utilization in the country</li>
<li>Current Science &amp; Technology developments in India, origin of agriculture, Progress of Agricultural Science and its impacts, Crop science in India, Fertilizers, Control of pests and disease scenario in India</li>
</ul>
<h3>Section 05 &ndash; Environment</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Biodiversity and its conservation - General introduction - definition, species and genetic diversity, Biogeographic classification of India</li>
<li>Importance of Biodiversity - Constructive and Destructive application, Importance of social, moral and alternative vision, Global, National and Local level Biodiversity, India as a wide diversity nation, Hotspots of Biodiversity, threats to biodiversity</li>
<li>Residential damage</li>
<li>damage to wildlife, humans and wild animals struggle</li>
<li>India&rsquo;s threatened (endangered) and local species, Conservation of biodiversity</li>
<li>Topological and Non Topological conservation</li>
<li>Environmental pollution - Reason effect and conservation</li>
<li>Air pollution, water pollution, sea pollution, soil pollution, sound/noise pollution, thermal pollution, nuclear pollution</li>
<li>Solid waste management - Urban and Industrial solid waste management: reason, effect and control, Human role in pollution control, Disaster Management, Floods, Earthquake, Cyclones and Landslide</li>
<li>Human Population and Environment, Population growth, Variation in the population in various countries</li>
<li>Population explosion and Family Welfare Programme</li>
<li>Environment and Human health</li>
</ul>
<h2>Question Paper &ndash; 05 Economics and Geography</h2>
<p><em><strong>(Marks 200, Duration 3 hours)</strong></em></p>
<h3>Section 01 &ndash; Indian Economics</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>National and per capita income,</li>
<li>Structural changes in the Indian Economy ( GDP and workforce)</li>
<li>Changes in the role of Public and Private Sectors and their shares in the total plan outlay of the latest plan</li>
<li>Economic Reforms, problems of poverty and unemployment</li>
<li>magnitude and measures initiative to ameliorate them</li>
<li>Monetary Policy- structure of Indian Banking and non-banking financial institutions and reforms in them since 1990s</li>
<li>Regulation of Credit by RBI</li>
<li>Pattern of Revenue, Expenditure, Public Debt, fiscal deficit and effects on the Economy</li>
</ul>
<h3>Section 02 &ndash; Planning in India</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Indian Planning- Objectives , Priorities, Planning Commission and its functions</li>
<li>Specific objectives of the latest Five Year Plan, evaluation and problems</li>
<li>Bharat Nirman Yojana</li>
<li>NREGA</li>
<li>Procedure in financial matters in Constitution of India</li>
<li>Financial relation between Union and States</li>
<li>Comptroller &amp; Auditor-General of India</li>
</ul>
<h3>Section 03 &ndash; Geography of Chhattisgarh</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Physical features</li>
<li>Location &amp; extent</li>
<li>Physical Divisions and Drainage System,</li>
<li>Climate</li>
<li>Soil types</li>
<li>Vegetation and their importance</li>
<li>Flora and fauna</li>
<li>Human Features Population Growth, Density and Distribution</li>
<li>Infant and Maternal Mortality rate etc.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Section 04 &ndash; Economics of Chhattisgarh</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Demographic features and social backwardness of the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Backward classes and Minorities.</li>
<li>Literacy and occupation structure, changes in the sectoral distribution of income and employment</li>
<li>Socio, Political and Economic empowerment of Women</li>
<li>Child Labour problem</li>
<li>Rural Development</li>
<li>State Finance and Budgetary policy- Tax structure, Sharing Central Taxes, Expenditure pattern in Revenue and Capital Account as well as plan and non-plan expenditure</li>
<li>Public Debt composition- Internal and External Debt including World Bank loans, Institutional and non-institutional sources<br />of Rural Credit in Chhattisgarh</li>
<li>Structure and growth of Co-operatives and their shares in total credit adequacy and problems</li>
</ul>
<h3>Section &ndash; 05 Agriculture, Forest, Industry and Natural Resource of Chhattisgarh</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Agriculture and Forest in Chhattisgarh, Structure of Agriculture Administered prices including minimum support and procurement prices</li>
<li>Public Distribution System in Chhattisgarh</li>
<li>Cropping pattern, means of irrigation and their importance, modernization of agriculture, agricultural problems and planning, Growth and Structure of Industries in Chhattisgarh - large, medium, small and tiny sectors, their comparison, growth, weaknesses and problems</li>
<li>Natural Resources, Minerals</li>
<li>Energy and Water Resources</li>
<li>Thermal and Hydel Electricity Projects</li>
<li>Solar Energy</li>
<li>Forest and Mineral based Industries in Chhattisgarh</li>
</ul>
<h2>Question Paper &ndash; 06 Mathematics and Reasoning Ability</h2>
<p><em><strong>(Marks 200, Duration 3 hours)</strong></em></p>
<h3>Section 01</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Rational Numbers &ndash; Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of rational numbers</li>
<li>Finding the rational number between two rational number</li>
<li>Ratio and Proportion &ndash; definition, properties, apartments, invertendo, componendo, etc. and their uses</li>
<li>Simultaneous equation, (a + b) (a + b), (a &ndash; b) (a &ndash; b), (a + b) (a &ndash; b) related questions</li>
<li>Arithmetic progression &ndash; Definition, general (n<sup>th</sup>) term and sum of n terms, arithmetic mean</li>
<li>Commercial Mathematics - Banking, calculation of interest on/in savings account, fixed deposit account and recurring deposit account</li>
<li>Calculation of income tax (for salaried person and excluding house rent allowance)</li>
<li>Factorization, LCM and HCM</li>
</ul>
<h3>Section 02</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Coordinate Geometry : Distance between two points, proportional division of a line (section formula), area of triangle, condition of collinearity of three points</li>
<li>Trigonometry - Measure of angles in the sexagesimal</li>
<li>Centesimal and circular systems, relation between arc, radius and central angle</li>
<li>Proof of the trigonometric ratios of complementary angles &ndash; sin(90 &ndash;&nbsp;&theta;) = cos &theta;, cos(90 &ndash; &theta;) = sin &theta;, tan(90 &ndash; &theta;) = cot &eacute;, cot(90 &ndash; &theta;) = tan &theta;, sec (90 &ndash; &theta;) = cosec &theta;, cosec(90 &ndash; &theta;) = sec &theta; and related questions&nbsp;</li>
<li>Mensuration - Surface area and volume of prism, cylinder, cone and sphere.</li>
<li>Similar triangles, circles and geometrical constructions.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Section 03</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Binary digit system, change in binary number to decimal number and decimal number to binary number.</li>
<li>Algorithm method - meaning and quality, indefinite, definite, input and output, effectiveness.</li>
<li>Averages - arithmetic, geometric and harmonic mean, median, mode, pie-chart. Probability. Vedic Mathematics, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and checking the answer - square, square roots, cube roots, vinculum and its application, the application of vedic mathematics methods in algebra.</li>
<li>Introduction and contribution of Indian Mathematician (Aryabhata, Varahamihira, Brahmagupta, Bhaskaracharya, Srinivasa Ramanujan)</li>
</ul>
<h3>Section 04</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Data Analysis - Mathematical operation Basic numeracy (numbers and their relations, orders of magnitude etc.).</li>
<li>Data interpretation (charts, graphs, tables, data sufficiency etc.) and analysis of data.</li>
<li>Applied mathematics - Profit and Loss, Percentage, Interest and averages. Time, speed, distance, river and boat.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Section 05</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Logical Reasoning - Analog Test, Odd word, Odd pair of words, Coding &amp; Decoding Test, Relation Test, Alphabet Test, Mathematical Operations, Logical analysis of words, Inserting the missing number or word, Assertion and Reason, Situation reaction test, Figure series, Deletion of elements, General Mental ability.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Question Paper &ndash; 07 Philosophy and Sociology</h2>
<p><em><strong>(Marks 200, Duration 3 hours)</strong></em></p>
<h3>Section 01</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Indian Philosophy and Yoga - Nature or Philosophy, its relation with life, science and culture. Nature and scope of philosophy and religion.</li>
<li>Unity and universality of religions, religious tolerance and secularism, comparative study of Indian and Western Philosophy. Yoga Philosophy (Yog Darshan).</li>
<li>Ashtang yog - Yam, Niyam, Asan, Pranayam, Pratyahar, Dharna, Dhyan and Samadhi.</li>
<li>Effect of asan and pranayam on human health.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Section 02 &ndash; Sociology</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Sociology &ndash; Meaning, Scope and nature, importance of its study.</li>
<li>Relation with other Social Sciences.</li>
<li>Primary Concepts &ndash; Society, Community, Association, Institution, Social group, Folkways and Mores</li>
<li>Individual and Society &ndash; Social interactions, Status and role, Culture and Personality, Socialization</li>
<li>Hindu Social Organization &ndash; Religion, Ashram, Varna, Purusharth.</li>
<li>Social Stratification &ndash; Caste and Class</li>
<li>Social Processes &ndash; Social Interaction, Cooperation, Struggle, Competition</li>
<li>Social Control and Social Change &ndash; Sources and agencies of Social Control, Processes and factors of Social Change</li>
<li>Indian Social Problems, Social disorganization-Anomie and Alienation, Inequality</li>
<li>Social Research and Techniques &ndash; Objective of Social Research, Use of scientific method to study of Social Phenomena, Problems of objectivity</li>
<li>Tools and techniques of data collection &ndash; Observation, Interview, Questionnaire, Schedule</li>
</ul>
<h3>Section 03</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Tribes of Chhattisgarh &ndash; Tribal social organization : Marriage, Family, Clan, youth dormitories.</li>
<li>Tribal Development: History, Programmes and Policies, The Constitutional Safeguards, Special Primitive Tribes of Chhattisgarh, Other Tribes, Scheduled Caste and Other Backward Class of Chhattisgarh.</li>
<li>Main Ornaments popular in tribes of Chhattisgarh, Special traditions. Tribal Problems : Isolation Migration and acculturation.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Section 04</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Art of Chhattisgarh &ndash; Folk arts of Chhattisgarh, Folk literature and Prominent Folk Artists of Chhattisgarh, Folk songs of Chhattisgarh, Folk legend, Folk theater, Idioms and Proverbs, Puzzle/ riddle (जनऊला), Singing (हाना), Literary, Music and Art Institutions of Chhattisgarh, Chhattisgarh State awards and Regards in these fields</li>
</ul>
<h3>Section 05</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Culture of Chhattisgarh - Folk culture, Chief Fares and Festivals of Chhattisgarh.</li>
<li>Major Archaeological Center - Bhoramdev, Malhar, Deepadih, Maheshpur, Sirpur, Rajim, Matku Dwip, Shivrinarayan, Taala, Pachrahi, Barshur.</li>
<li>Tourism Centre - Chitrakot, Amritdhara, Main Part, Dongargarh, Girodhpuri, Damakheda, Ram Jharna, Turri Dham, Damohdehra, Dantewada, Ratanpur, Madwarani, Chandrapur, Ghatarani, etc., National Park, Sanctuaries and Waterfalls and caves of Bastar, Prominent saints of Chhattisgarh.</li>
</ul>',
		'posturl' => 'chhattisgarh-pcs-preliminary-&-mains-syllabus',
		'publishon' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'tag' => 'Syllabus',
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'articles'
	
	},
	(int) 4 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 290,
		'category_id' => (int) 25,
		'title' => 'Bihar PCS Preliminary & Mains Syllabus',
		'description' => '<h3 style="text-align: center;">PRELIMINARY TEST</h3>
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>COMPULSORY SUBJECT</strong></p>
<p><strong>GENERAL STUDIES</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>General Science.</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Questions on <strong>General Science</strong> will cover general appreciation and understanding of science, including matters of everyday observation and experience, as may be expected of a <g class="gr_ gr_102 gr-alert gr_spell gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim ContextualSpelling multiReplace" id="102" data-gr-id="102">well educated</g> person who has not made a special study of any scientific discipline.<strong></strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Current events</strong> of national and international importance.</li>
<li><strong>History</strong> of India and salient features of the history of Bihar.
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>In History, emphasis will be on <g class="gr_ gr_72 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Grammar only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="72" data-gr-id="72">broad</g> general understanding of the subject in its social, economic and political aspects.</li>
<li>The candidates are expected to be familiar with the broad aspects of the history of Bihar.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>General <strong>Geography</strong> and geographical division of Bihar and its major river systems.
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>In Geography, emphasis will be on geography of India and Bihar.</li>
<li>Questions on the Geography of India and Bihar will relate to physical, social and economic Geography of the country including the main features of Indian agricultural and natural resources.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Indian <strong>Polity and Economy</strong> and major changes in the economy of Bihar in the <g class="gr_ gr_69 gr-alert gr_spell gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim ContextualSpelling ins-del multiReplace" id="69" data-gr-id="69">post independence</g> period.
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Questions of Indian Polity and Economy will test knowledge on the country&rsquo;s political system, <g class="gr_ gr_67 gr-alert gr_spell gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim ContextualSpelling ins-del multiReplace" id="67" data-gr-id="67">panchayati</g> raj, community development and planning in India and Bihar.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Indian National Movement and the part played by Bihar</strong> in it and also Questions on General Mental Ability.
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Question on the Indian National Movement will relate to the nature and character of the <g class="gr_ gr_66 gr-alert gr_spell gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim ContextualSpelling multiReplace" id="66" data-gr-id="66">nineteenth century</g> resurgence, growth of nationalism and attainment of Independence and candidates will be expected to answer questions on the role of Bihar in the freedom movement of India.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 style="text-align: center;">MAIN EXAMINATION</h3>
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>COMPULSORY PAPER</strong></p>
<p><strong>01- GENERAL HINDI (सामान्य हिन्दी)</strong></p>
<p>इस पत्र में प्रश्न बिहार विद्यालय परीक्षा समिति के माध्यमिक (सेकेण्डरी) स्तर के होंगे। इस परीक्षा में सरल हिन्दी में अपने भावों को स्पष्टत: एवं शुद्ध-शुद्ध रूप में व्यक्त करने की क्षमता और सहज बोध शक्ति की जाँच समझी जायेगी।<br />अंकों का विवरण निम्न प्रकार होगा&ndash;<br />निबन्ध &ndash; 30 अंक<br />व्याकरण &ndash; 30 अंक<br />वक्य विन्यास &ndash; 25 अंक<br />संक्षेपण &ndash; 15 अंक</p>
<p><strong>GENERAL STUDIES</strong></p>
<p>General studies papers I and paper II will cover the following areas of knowledge:-</p>
<p><strong>02. GENERAL STUDIES PAPER- I</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Modern History of India and Indian culture.</li>
<li>Current events of national and international importance.</li>
<li>Statistical analysis, graphs and diagrams.</li>
</ol>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>In paper-I,&nbsp;Modern History of India and Indian Culture will cover the broad history of the country (with special reference to Bihar) from about the middle of <g class="gr_ gr_65 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Grammar only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="65" data-gr-id="65">nineteenth</g> century.</li>
<li>The modern history of Bihar will include questions on the introduction and expansion of western education (including technical education).</li>
<li>It will also have questions on Bihar&rsquo;s role in the freedom struggle of India.</li>
<li>Questions will relate to the Santhal Uprising, 1857 in Bihar, Birsa movement, Champaran <g class="gr_ gr_58 gr-alert gr_spell gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim ContextualSpelling ins-del multiReplace" id="58" data-gr-id="58">Satyagrah</g> and the Quit India Movement 1942.</li>
<li>A knowledge of the chief features of Mauryan and Pal art and Patna Kalam painting will be expected from the examinees.</li>
<li>It would also include questions or Gandhi, Tagore <g class="gr_ gr_56 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="56" data-gr-id="56">and</g> Nehru.</li>
<li>The part relating to statistical analysis, graphs and diagrams will include exercises to test the candidate&rsquo;s ability to draw common sense conclusions from information presented in <g class="gr_ gr_74 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Grammar only-ins doubleReplace replaceWithoutSep" id="74" data-gr-id="74">statistical</g>, graphical or diagrammatic form and to point out deficiencies, limitations or inconsistencies therein.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>03. GENERAL STUDIES PAPER- II</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Indian Polity</li>
<li>Indian economy and Geography of India</li>
<li>The role and impact of science and technology in the development of India.</li>
</ol>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>In Paper II,&nbsp;the part relating to Indian <g class="gr_ gr_57 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation only-del replaceWithoutSep" id="57" data-gr-id="57">Polity,</g> will include questions on the political system in India including Bihar.</li>
<li>In the part pertaining to the Indian Economy and Geography of India, questions will be put on planning in India and the physical, economic and social geography of India and Bihar.</li>
<li>In the third part relating to the role and impact of science and technology in the development of India, questions will be asked to test the candidate&rsquo;s awareness of the role and impact of science and technology in India and Bihar Emphasis will be on applied aspects.</li>
</ul>',
		'posturl' => 'bihar-pcs-preliminary-&-mains-syllabus',
		'publishon' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'tag' => 'Syllabus',
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'articles'
	
	},
	(int) 5 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 189,
		'category_id' => (int) 9,
		'title' => 'General Studies-IV',
		'description' => '<h3>Ethics, Integrity <g class="gr_ gr_25 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="25" data-gr-id="25">and</g> Aptitude</h3>
<p><em>This paper will include questions to test the candidates&rsquo; attitude and approach to issues relating to integrity, probity in public life and his problem solving approach to various issues and conflicts faced by him in dealing with society. Questions may utilise the case study approach to determine these aspects. The following broad areas will be covered:</em></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, Determinants <g class="gr_ gr_26 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="26" data-gr-id="26">and</g> Consequences of Ethics in - Human Actions; Dimensions of Ethics; Ethics - in Private and Public Relationships. Human Values - Lessons from the Lives and Teachings of Great Leaders, Reformers <g class="gr_ gr_27 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="27" data-gr-id="27">and</g> Administrators; Role of Family Society and Educational Institutions in Inculcating Values.</li>
<li>Attitude: Content, Structure, Function; its Influence and Relation with Thought and Behaviour; Moral and Political Attitudes; Social Influence and Persuasion.</li>
<li>Aptitude and Foundational Values for Civil Service, Integrity, Impartiality <g class="gr_ gr_24 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="24" data-gr-id="24">and</g> Non-partisanship, Objectivity, Dedication to Public Service, Empathy, Tolerance and Compassion towards the weaker-sections.</li>
<li>Emotional Intelligence-Concepts, and their Utilities and Application in Administration and Governance.</li>
<li>Contributions of Moral Thinkers and Philosophers from India and World.</li>
<li>Public/Civil Service Values and Ethics in Public Administration: Status and Problems; Ethical Concerns and Dilemmas in Government and Private Institutions; Laws, Rules, Regulations and Conscience as Sources of Ethical Guidance; Accountability and Ethical Governance; Strengthening of Ethical and Moral Values in Governance; Ethical Issues in International Relations and Funding; Corporate Governance.</li>
<li>Probity in Governance: Concept of Public Service; Philosophical Basis of Governance and Probity; Information Sharing and Transparency in Government, Right to Information, Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct, Citizen&rsquo;s Charters, Work Culture, Quality of Service Delivery, Utilization of Public Funds, Challenges of Corruption.</li>
<li>Case Studies on <g class="gr_ gr_22 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Grammar only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="22" data-gr-id="22">above</g> issues.</li>
</ul>',
		'posturl' => 'upsc-ias-general-studies-iv-ethics-morality-paper-4',
		'publishon' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'tag' => 'Syllabus',
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'articles'
	
	},
	(int) 6 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 188,
		'category_id' => (int) 9,
		'title' => 'General Studies-III',
		'description' => '<h3>(Technology, Economic Development, Bio-diversity, Environment, Security and Disaster Management)</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Indian Economy and issues relating to Planning, Mobilization of Resources, Growth, Development <g class="gr_ gr_50 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="50" data-gr-id="50">and</g> Employment.</li>
<li>Inclusive Growth and issues arising from it.</li>
<li>Government Budgeting.</li>
<li>Major Crops - Cropping Patterns in various parts of the country, - Different Types of Irrigation and Irrigation Systems; Storage, Transport <g class="gr_ gr_51 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="51" data-gr-id="51">and</g> Marketing of Agricultural Produce and Issues and Related Constraints; E-technology in the aid of farmers.</li>
<li>Issues related to Direct and Indirect Farm Subsidies and Minimum Support Prices; Public Distribution System - Objectives, Functioning, Limitations, Revamping; Issues of Buffer Stocks and Food Security; Technology Missions; Economics of Animal-Rearing.</li>
<li>Food Processing and Related Industries in India- Scope&rsquo; and Significance, Location, Upstream <g class="gr_ gr_47 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="47" data-gr-id="47">and</g> Downstream Requirements, Supply Chain Management.</li>
<li>Land Reforms in India.</li>
<li>Effects of Liberalization on the Economy, Changes in Industrial Policy and their Effects on Industrial Growth.</li>
<li>Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.</li>
<li>Investment Models.</li>
<li>Science and Technology- Developments and their Applications and Effects in Everyday Life.</li>
<li>Achievements of Indians in Science &amp; Technology; Indigenization of Technology and Developing New Technology.</li>
<li>Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, Robotics, Nano-technology, <g class="gr_ gr_43 gr-alert gr_spell gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim ContextualSpelling ins-del" id="43" data-gr-id="43">Bio-technology</g> <g class="gr_ gr_44 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="44" data-gr-id="44">and</g> issues relating to Intellectual Property Rights.</li>
<li>Conservation, Environmental Pollution and Degradation, Environmental Impact Assessment.</li>
<li>Disaster and Disaster Management.</li>
<li>Linkages between Development and Spread of Extremism.</li>
<li>Role of External State and Non-state Actors in creating challenges to Internal Security.</li>
<li>Challenges to Internal Security through Communication Networks, Role of Media and Social Networking Sites in Internal Security Challenges, Basics of Cyber Security; Money-Laundering and its prevention.</li>
<li>Security Challenges and their Management in Border Areas - Linkages of Organized Crime with Terrorism.</li>
<li>Various Security Forces and Agencies and their Mandate.</li>
</ul>
<h1 style="text-align: center;">ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT<br /><br /></h1>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #008b8b;">
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; height: 19px;"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Indian Economy &amp; Issues Relating to Planning, Mobilization of Resources, Growth, Development &amp; Employment</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 617px;">
<td style="height: 617px; vertical-align: top;">
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Planning</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Meaning of Planning</li>
<li>Need for Planning in Economic Development</li>
<li>Imperative Vs. Indicative Vs. Structural Planning</li>
<li>Objectives of Planning</li>
<li>Indian Planning History</li>
<li>Techniques of Indian Planning</li>
<li>Achievements &amp; Failures of Indian Planning</li>
<li>Shortcomings of Planning in India</li>
<li>NITI Aayog Vs. Planning Commission</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Mobilisation of Resources</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Types of Resources &ndash; Financial, Human, Natural etc.</li>
<li>Need for Resource Mobilisation</li>
<li>Role of Savings &amp; Investment</li>
<li>Government Resources &ndash; Tax &amp; Non-Tax ( or Fiscal &amp; Monetary Policy)</li>
<li>Banking Sector &amp; NBFCs</li>
<li>Capital Market</li>
<li>External Sources &ndash; FDI, ODA etc.</li>
<li>Public Borrowing &amp; Management of Public Debt</li>
<li>Challenges in Mobilising Resources for Development</li>
<li>Steps That Can Be Taken</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Growth &amp; Development</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Meaning of Development &amp; Growth</li>
<li>Difference between Development &amp; Growth</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 617px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Determinants of Growth &amp; Development</li>
<li>Importance &amp; Limitations of Economic Growth</li>
<li>Jobless Growth</li>
<li>Pro-Poor Growth</li>
<li>Balanced &amp; Unbalanced Growth</li>
<li>Dimensions of Development</li>
<li>Measurement &amp; Indicators of Development</li>
<li>Approaches to Development:
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Market-Based Approach</li>
<li>Role of State and Planned Approach</li>
<li>Mixed Economy Approach</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Challenges to Development &amp; Growth</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Employment</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Nature &ndash; Rural vs. Urban, Formal Vs. Informal</li>
<li>Terms Related to Employment &ndash; Labour Force Participation Rate, Employment Rate, Working Age Population etc.</li>
<li>Sectoral Distribution of Employment</li>
<li>Quality of Employment</li>
<li>Causes of Lack of Employment</li>
<li>Restructuring of Workforce</li>
<li>Government Initiatives for Generating Employment</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #008b8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px; width: 99.9602%;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Inclusive Growth &amp; Issues Arising From It</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 10px;">
<td style="height: 10px; vertical-align: top; width: 49.9602%;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>What is Inclusive Growth?</li>
<li>Elements of Inclusive Growth</li>
<li>Need for Inclusive Growth</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 10px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Indicators of Inclusive Growth</li>
<li>Challenges in Achieveing Inclusive Growth in India</li>
<li>12<sup>th</sup> FYP &amp; Inclusive Growth</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #008b8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; width: 100%; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong> Government Budgeting</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 10px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 10px; vertical-align: top;">
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Need for Government Budgeting </strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Components of the Government Budget</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Revenue Account &ndash; Revenue Receipts &amp; Revenue Expenditure</li>
<li>Capital Account &ndash; Capital Receipts &amp; Capital Expenditure</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Changes in Budgetary Process in 2017</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Measures of Government Deficit</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Revenue Deficit</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 10px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Fiscal Deficit</li>
<li>Primary Deficit</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Fiscal Policy</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Deficit Reduction</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>FRBM Act</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Other Types of Budgets &ndash; Outcome, Zero-Based, etc.</strong></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #008b8b;">
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; height: 19px;"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Land Reforms in India</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 111px;">
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 111px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Rationale for Land Reforms</li>
<li>Components of Land Reforms</li>
<li>Impact of Land Reforms</li>
<li>Problems in Implementaion of Land Reforms</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 111px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Success of Land Reforms</li>
<li>Recent Initiatives - Land Leasing, Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation &amp; Resettlement Act, etc.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #008b8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Effects of Liberalization on the Economy</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 45px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 45px;">
<p>Phase of Liberalisation</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 45px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Impact on Different Sectors of the Economy</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #008b8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Changes In Industrial Policy &amp; their Effects on Industrial Growth</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 91px;">
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 91px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Industrial Policy Before 1991</li>
<li>Industrial Policy After 1991</li>
<li>Phases of Industrial Growth</li>
<li>Linkage Between Economic Reforms and Economic Outcomes</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 91px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Weaknesses and Failures of Industrial Policies</li>
<li>National Manufacturing Policy</li>
<li>SEZs</li>
<li>Make in India</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #008b8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong> Infrastructure</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 10px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 10px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Energy</li>
<li>Ports</li>
<li>Roads</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 10px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Airports</li>
<li>Railways</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #008b8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong> Investment Models</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 202px;">
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 202px;">
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Need for Investment</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Sources of Investment</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Types of Investment Models</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Domestic Investment Models
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Public Investment Model</li>
<li>Private Investment Model</li>
<li>Public Private Participation Investment Model</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 202px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Foreign Investment Models:
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>FDI</li>
<li>FII, etc.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Sector Specific Investment Models</li>
<li>Cluster Based Investment Models</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Investment Models Followed by India</strong></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h1></h1>
<h1 style="text-align: center;">AGRICULTURE<br /><br /></h1>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #483d8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong> Major Crops Cropping Patterns in Various Parts of the Country</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 19px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Importance of Cropping Pattern</li>
<li>Types of Cropping Pattern</li>
<li>Reasons Why Cropping Pattern Differ</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 19px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Factors Influencing Cropping Pattern</li>
<li>Emerging Trends in Cropping Pattern</li>
<li>Long-Run Effects of Current Trends in Cropping Pattern</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #483d8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Different Types of Irrigation &amp; Irrigation Systems Storage</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 84px;">
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 84px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Modes of Irrigation</li>
<li>Sources of Irrigation</li>
<li>Choosing an Irrigation System</li>
<li>Problems Associated with Irrigation</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 84px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Progress of Irrigation Under Five Year Plans</li>
<li>Environmental Effects of Irrigation</li>
<li>Need for Systemic Irrigation Reforms</li>
<li>Need for a National Water Policy</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #483d8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Transport &amp; Marketing of Agricultural Produce &amp; Issues &amp; Related Constraints</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 105px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 105px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Process of Agricultural Marketing - Marketing Channels, Functionaries, Costs, etc.</li>
<li>Role of FCI</li>
<li>Regulated Markets</li>
<li>Warehousing</li>
<li>Cooperative Marketing</li>
<li>Shortcomings of Current Agricultural Marketing Process</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 105px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>APMCs</li>
<li>National Agricultutral Market (NAM)</li>
<li>Farmer Producer Organisations (FPO)</li>
<li>Contract Farming</li>
<li>Futures Trading in Agricultural Commodities</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #483d8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>E-Technology in the Aid of Farmers, Technology Missions</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 19px;"></td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 19px;"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #483d8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Issues Related to Direct &amp; Indirect Farm Subsidies &amp; Minimum Support Prices</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 59px;">
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 59px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Agricultural Pricing Policy</li>
<li>Rationale for Subsidies</li>
<li>Types of Subsidies</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 59px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Effectiveness, Extent &amp; Problems of Subsisies</li>
<li>Clash with WTO Agreements</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #483d8b;">
<td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Public Distribution System Objectives, Functioning, Limitations, Revamping</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Objectices/Significance</li>
<li>Functioning - Fair Price Shops, FCI, Ration Cards, Aadhar Linking, etc.</li>
<li>Shortcomings or Problems Associated with PDS</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Need to Improve the Working of PDS</li>
<li>Measures to Improve the Loopholes &amp; Lacunaes Associated with PDS</li>
<li>Steps Taken by Governement in this Regard</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #483d8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Issues of Buffer Stocks &amp; Food Security</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 40px;">
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 40px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Buffer Stock &ndash; Objectives &amp; Norms in India</li>
<li>Impact of Government Procurement &amp; Distribution</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 40px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Need for Food Security</li>
<li>NFSM And othe Food Security Realted Government Initiatives</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #483d8b;">
<td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Economics of Animal-Rearing</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 50%;"></td>
<td style="width: 50%;"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #483d8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 18px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Food Processing &amp; Related Industries in India</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 76px;">
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 76px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Scope &amp; Potential in India</li>
<li>Significance</li>
<li>Location</li>
<li>Constraints and Challenges</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 76px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Upstream &amp; Downstream Requirements</li>
<li>Supply Chain Management</li>
<li>Government Policies and Initiatives &ndash; SAMPADA, 12th FYP, etc.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h1></h1>
<h1 style="text-align: center;">SCIENCE &amp; TECHNOLOGY<br /><br /></h1>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #b22222;">
<td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Developments &amp; their Applications &amp; Effects in Everyday Life</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Chemicals in Food</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Artificial Sweetening Agents</li>
<li>Food Preservatives</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Drugs</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Antacid</li>
<li>Antihistamines</li>
<li>Neurologically Active Drugs
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Tranquilizers</li>
<li>Analgesics</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Antimicrobials
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Antibiotics</li>
<li>Antiseptic and Disinfectant</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Anti-Fertility Drugs, etc.</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Cleansing Agents</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Soaps</li>
<li>Synthetic detergents</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Glass</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Water Softener</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Water Purification/Disinfection</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Microwave Oven, etc.</strong></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #b22222;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Achievements of Indians in Science &amp; Technology</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 124px;">
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 124px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman</li>
<li>Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose</li>
<li>Satyendra Nath Bose</li>
<li>Meghnad Saha</li>
<li>Homi Jehangir Bhabha</li>
<li>Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 124px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>A.P.J. Abdul Kalam</li>
<li>Vikram Sarabhai</li>
<li>Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya</li>
<li>Har Gobind Khorana</li>
<li>Tessy Thomas</li>
<li>C.N.R. Rao</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #b22222;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Indigenization of Technology &amp; Developing New Technology</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 10px;">
<td style="vertical-align: top; height: 10px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>IT &amp; Computers</li>
<li>Space</li>
<li>Nanotechnology</li>
<li>Biotechnology</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 10px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Robotics</li>
<li>Defence</li>
<li>Nuclear</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #b22222;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Awareness in Different Fields</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 73px;">
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 73px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>IT &amp; Computers</li>
<li>Space</li>
<li>Nanotechnology</li>
<li>Biotechnology</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 73px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Robotics</li>
<li>Defence</li>
<li>Nuclear</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #b22222;">
<td style="height: 19px; text-align: center;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong> Issues Relating to Intellectual Property Rights</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 18px;">
<td style="height: 18px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Need for Intellectual Property Rights</li>
<li>Types of IPR</li>
<li>IPR Regime in India</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 18px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>International Agreements Related to IPRs</li>
<li>Geographical Indicators</li>
<li>Recent Issues - Evergreening, Compuslory Licensing, Prominent Cases etc.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h1></h1>
<h1 style="text-align: center;">BIODIVERSITY &amp; ENVIRONMENT<br /><br /></h1>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #d2691e;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px; width: 100%;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong> Conservation</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 159px;">
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 159px;">
<p><span style="color: #d2691e;"><strong>What is Biodiversity?</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #d2691e;"><strong>Types of Biodiversity &ndash; Genetic, Species, Ecosystem, etc.</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #d2691e;"><strong>Importance of Biodivesirty &ndash; Ecosystem Services, Bio Resources of Economic Importance, Social Benefits etc.</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #d2691e;"><strong>Resasons for Loss of Biodiversity</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 159px;">
<p><span style="color: #d2691e;"><strong>Conservation</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>In-situ &amp; Ex-Situ</li>
<li>Eco-Sensitive Areas</li>
<li>Ecological Hotspots</li>
<li>National Guidelines, Legislations &amp; Other Programmes.</li>
<li>International Agreements &amp; Groupings</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #d2691e;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Environmental Pollution &amp; Degradation</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 155px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 155px; vertical-align: top;">
<p><span style="color: #d2691e;"><strong>Types of Pollution &amp; Pollutants</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #d2691e;"><strong>Impact of Pollution &amp; Degradation</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Ozone Layer Depletion and Ozone Hole</li>
<li>Greenhouse Gas Effect &amp; Global Warming</li>
<li>Eutrophication</li>
<li>Desertification</li>
<li>Acid Rain</li>
<li>Hazardous Waste, etc.</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 155px; vertical-align: top;">
<p><span style="color: #d2691e;"><strong>Causes/Sources of Pollution &amp; Degradation</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #d2691e;"><strong>Prevention &amp; Control of Pollution &amp; Degradation</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #d2691e;"><strong>National Environment Agencies, Legislations and Policies </strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #d2691e;"><strong>International Environment Agencies &amp; Agreements</strong></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #d2691e;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 57px;">
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 57px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>What is EIA?</li>
<li>Indian Guidelines &amp; Legislations</li>
<li>EIA Process</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 57px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Need &amp; Benefits of EIA</li>
<li>Shortcomings of EIA in India</li>
<li>Measures to Make EIA Effective</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #d2691e;">
<td style="text-align: center; width: 100%;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Disaster Management</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Types of Disasters</li>
<li>Management of Disasters</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Community Level Disaster Management</li>
<li>Governement Initiatives on Disaster Management</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h1 style="text-align: center;"></h1>
<h1 style="text-align: center;">SECURITY<br /><br /></h1>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #808000;">
<td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Linkages Between Development &amp; Spread of Extremism</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Factors Responsible for Spread of Extremism</li>
<li>Steps that State can Taken to Reduce the Spread of Extremism due to Underdevelopment</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 19px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul>
<li>Naxalism</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #808000;">
<td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Role of External State &amp; Non-State Actors in Creating Challenges to Internal Security</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">
<p><span style="color: #808000;"><strong>Threats from Non-State Actors</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>J&amp;K Separatism</li>
<li>Left Wing Extremism</li>
<li>North East Insurgency</li>
<li>Terrorism in Hinterland &amp; Border Areas</li>
<li>Right Wing Terrorism</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #808000;"><strong>Reasons for Spread of Terrorism</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #808000;"><strong>State Sponsored Terrorism</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;">
<p><span style="color: #808000;"><strong>Institutional Framework to Tackle Challenge of Internal Security</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>NIA</li>
<li>NATGRID</li>
<li>MAC</li>
<li>UAPA</li>
<li>TADA</li>
<li>POTA</li>
<li>NCTC</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #808000;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><strong><span style="color: #ffffff;">Challenges to Internal Security Through Communication Networks</span> </strong></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 35px;">
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 35px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Role of Media &amp; Social Networking Sites in Internal Security Challenges</li>
<li>Challenges in Managing Social Media</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 35px;">
<ul>
<li>Steps That can be Taken</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #808000;">
<td style="height: 19px; text-align: center;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Basics of Cyber Security</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 51px;">
<td style="height: 51px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Cyber Security</li>
<li>Threats to Indian Cyber Security</li>
<li>Steps taken by India</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 51px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>International Cooperation on Cyber Security</li>
<li>Cyber Warfare</li>
<li>Terms Associated with Cyber Security</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #808000;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><strong><span style="color: #ffffff;">Money-Laundering &amp; its Prevention</span> </strong></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 72px;">
<td style="vertical-align: top; height: 72px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Process of Money Laundering</li>
<li>Impact of Money Laundering</li>
<li>Challenges to Tackle Money Laundering</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 72px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Steps to Counter Money Laundering</li>
<li>Terms Related To Money Laundering</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #808000;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Security Challenges &amp; their Management in Border Areas</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 44px;">
<td style="vertical-align: top; height: 44px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Challenges in Managing Border Security &ndash; Coastal &amp; Terrestrial</li>
<li>Land Boundary Disputes with Neighbours</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 44px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>India's Policy in Border Area Security Management</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #808000;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Linkages of Organized Crime with Terrorism </strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 67px;">
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 67px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Types of Organised Crime</li>
<li>Challenges in Controlling Organised Crime</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 67px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Indian Context &ndash; Link between Organised Crime &amp; Terrorism</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #808000;">
<td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Various Security Forces &amp; Agencies &amp; Their Mandate</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 50%;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Central Armed Police Forces</li>
<li>Central Paramilitary Forces</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Security &amp; Intelligence Agencies &ndash; IB. R&amp;WA, etc.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p></p>',
		'posturl' => 'general-studies-III',
		'publishon' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'tag' => 'Syllabus',
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'articles'
	
	},
	(int) 7 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 187,
		'category_id' => (int) 9,
		'title' => 'General Studies-II',
		'description' => '<h3>(Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International Relations)</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Indian Constitution&mdash;Historical Underpinnings, Evolution, Features, Amendments, Significant Provisions <g class="gr_ gr_81 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="81" data-gr-id="81">and</g> Basic Structure.</li>
<li>Functions and Responsibilities of the Union and the States, Issues and Challenges Pertaining to the Federal Structure, Devolution of&nbsp;Powers and Finances up to Local Levels and Challenges Therein.</li>
<li>Separation of Powers between various organs Dispute Redressal Mechanisms and Institutions.</li>
<li>Comparison of the Indian Constitutional Scheme with that of Other Countries.</li>
<li>Parliament and State Legislatures&mdash;Structure, Functioning, Conduct of Business, Powers &amp; Privileges and Issues Arising out of these.</li>
<li>Structure, Organization <g class="gr_ gr_83 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="83" data-gr-id="83">and</g> Functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary&mdash;Ministries and Departments of the Government; Pressure Groups and Formal/Informal Associations and their Role in the Polity.</li>
<li>Salient Features of the Representation of People&rsquo;s Act.</li>
<li>Appointment to various Constitutional Posts, Powers, Functions <g class="gr_ gr_78 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="78" data-gr-id="78">and</g> Responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies.</li>
<li>Statutory, Regulatory and various Quasi-judicial Bodies.</li>
<li>Government Policies and Interventions for Development in various sectors and Issues arising out of their Design and Implementation. <br />Development Processes and the Development Industry &mdash; the Role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders.</li>
<li>Welfare Schemes for Vulnerable Sections of the population by the Centre and States and the Performance of these Schemes; Mechanisms, Laws, Institutions <g class="gr_ gr_70 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="70" data-gr-id="70">and</g> Bodies constituted for the Protection and Betterment of these Vulnerable Sections.</li>
<li>Issues Relating to Development and Management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.</li>
<li>Issues relating to Poverty and Hunger.</li>
<li>Important Aspects of Governance, Transparency <g class="gr_ gr_72 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="72" data-gr-id="72">and</g> Accountability, E-governance- applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential; Citizens Charters, Transparency &amp; Accountability and institutional and other measures.</li>
<li>Role of Civil Services in a Democracy.</li>
<li>India and its Neighborhood- Relations.</li>
<li>Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and Agreements involving India and/or affecting India&rsquo;s interests.</li>
<li>Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India&rsquo;s interests, Indian Diaspora.</li>
<li>Important International Institutions, agencies <g class="gr_ gr_68 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="68" data-gr-id="68">and</g> fora - their Structure, Mandate.</li>
</ul>
<h1 style="text-align: center;">Polity<br /><br /></h1>
<table border="1" style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #008b8b;">
<th style="width: 99.8889%; background-color: #008b8b; height: 19px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;" colspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Indian Constitution</strong></span><span style="color: #ff6600;"><strong></strong></span></p>
</th>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 393px;">
<td width="378" style="width: 53.1111%; height: 393px; vertical-align: top;">
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Historical Underpinning &amp; Evolution</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Regulating Act (1773) to Independence Act (1947)</li>
<li><g class="gr_ gr_73 gr-alert gr_spell gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim ContextualSpelling ins-del multiReplace" id="73" data-gr-id="73">Constituent</g> Assembly</li>
<li>Objective Resolution</li>
<li>Enactment &amp; Enforcement of Constitution</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Features</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Written</li>
<li>Flexible &amp; Rigid</li>
<li>Federal &amp; Unitary</li>
<li>Parliamentary Form of Government (Presidential vs. Parliamentary Type of Government)</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Amendments</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>List of Significant <g class="gr_ gr_74 gr-alert gr_spell gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim ContextualSpelling ins-del multiReplace" id="74" data-gr-id="74">Amendments</g> &amp; Their Provisions</li>
<li>Procedure for Amending Constitution</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 46.7778%; height: 393px; vertical-align: top;">
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Significant Provisions</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Fundamental Rights</li>
<li><g class="gr_ gr_79 gr-alert gr_spell gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim ContextualSpelling ins-del multiReplace" id="79" data-gr-id="79">Directive</g> Principles of State Policy</li>
<li>Judicial Review</li>
<li>Universal Adult Franchise</li>
<li>Single Citizenship</li>
<li>Separation of Powers</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Basic Structure</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Doctrine</li>
<li>Judgments &amp; Cases</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #008b8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Functions &amp; Responsibilities of the Union and the States</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 67px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 67px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>7<sup>th</sup> Schedule</li>
<li>Legislative Functions</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 67px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Financial Functions</li>
<li>Administrative &amp; Quasi-Judicial Functions</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 16px; background-color: #008b8b;">
<td style="width: 100%; height: 16px; text-align: center;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Issues &amp; Challenges Pertaining to the Federal Structure</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 19px; vertical-align: top;">
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Federal Structure in India - Is India truly Federal?</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Cooperative &amp; Competitive Federalism</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Centre-State Relations</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Legislative Relations</li>
<li>Administrative Relations</li>
<li>Financial Relations</li>
<li>Trends in Centre-State Relations</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Inter-State Relations</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Inter-state Water Disputes</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 19px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Inter-State Councils</li>
<li>Public Acts, Records and Judicial Proceedings</li>
<li>Inter-State Trade and Commerce</li>
<li>Zonal Councils</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Emergency Provisions</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Role of Governor</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Reports of Various Commissions</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>2nd ARC, Punchhi, Sarkaria, etc.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #008b8b;">
<td style="width: 50%; text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Devolution of Powers &amp; Finances to Local Levels &amp; Challenges Therein</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 19px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Role of State Government</li>
<li>Role of State Finance Commission</li>
<li>11<sup>th</sup> &amp; 12<sup>th</sup> Schedule</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 19px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Reasons for Ineffective Performance</li>
<li>Panchayat Devolution Index ( NITI Aayog)</li>
<li>Steps That Can Be Taken to Improve Their Performance</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #008b8b;">
<td style="height: 19px; text-align: center;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Separation of Powers Between Various Organs</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 72px;">
<td style="height: 72px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Doctrine of Separation of Power</li>
<li>Separation of Power in Indian Constitution</li>
<li>Doctrine of Checks &amp; Balances</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 72px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Provisions for Checks &amp; Balances in Indian Constitution</li>
<li>Related Judgments - Golaknath case, Kesavananda Bharati, Indira Gandhi Vs Raj Narain, Ram Jawaya vs Punjab</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #008b8b;">
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; height: 19px;"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Dispute Redressal Mechanisms and Institutions</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 34px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>RTI</li>
<li>PIL</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 34px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Tribunals, etc.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #008b8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Comparison of the Indian Constitutional Scheme With That of Other Countries Parliament &amp; State Legislatures </strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 145px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 145px; vertical-align: top;">
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Structure, Functioning, Conduct of Business, Powers &amp; Privileges</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Written Constitution</li>
<li>Blend of Rigidity and Flexibility</li>
<li>Federal System with Unitary Bias</li>
<li>Parliamentary Form of Government</li>
<li>Synthesis of Parliamentary Sovereignty and Judicial Supremacy</li>
<li>Integrated and Independent Judiciary</li>
<li>Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of State Policy, Fundamental Duties</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 145px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Secular State</li>
<li>Universal Adult Franchise</li>
<li>Single Citizenship</li>
<li>Emergency Provisions</li>
<li>Three-tier Government</li>
<li>Due Process of Law vs. Procedure Established by Law</li>
<li>Impeachment of President, etc.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #008b8b;">
<td style="height: 19px; text-align: center; width: 100%;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Structure, Organization &amp; Functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 19px; vertical-align: top;">
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Executive</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Union:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>President</li>
<li>Prime Minister</li>
<li>Council of Ministers</li>
<li>Cabinet Secretariat</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>State:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Governor</li>
<li>Chief Minister</li>
<li>Council of Ministers</li>
<li>Secretariat</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 19px; vertical-align: top;">
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Judiciary</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Three-Tier Structure</li>
<li>Chief Justice of India</li>
<li>SC &amp; HC Judges</li>
<li>Jurisdiction</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #008b8b;">
<td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Ministries and Departments of the Government</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Cabinet Ministries</li>
<li>Other Ministries</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Parliamentary Secretaries</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #008b8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Pressure Groups &amp; Formal/informal Associations &amp; Their Role in Polity</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 19px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Characteristics of Pressure Groups</li>
<li>Pressure Groups &amp; Political Parties</li>
<li>Pressure Groups &amp; Interest Groups</li>
<li>Types of Pressure Groups</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 19px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Functions, Role &amp; Importance of Pressure Groups</li>
<li>Techniques/Methods of Pressure Groups</li>
<li>Pressure Groups in India</li>
<li>Shortcomings of Pressure Groups</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #008b8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Salient Features of Representation of People's Act</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 19px;"></td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 19px;"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #008b8b;">
<td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Appointment to Various Constitutional Posts</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 19px; vertical-align: top;">
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Appointment, Powers, Functions &amp; Responsibilities of:</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Election Commission</li>
<li>Union Public Service Commission</li>
<li>State Public Service Commission</li>
<li>Finance Commission</li>
<li>National Commission for SCs</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 19px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>National Commission for STs</li>
<li>Special Officer for Linguistic Minorities</li>
<li>Comptroller and Auditor General of India</li>
<li>Attorney General of India</li>
<li>Advocate General of the State</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #008b8b;">
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; height: 19px;"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Statutory, Regulatory &amp; Quasi-Judicial Bodies</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 220px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 220px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>NITI Aayog</li>
<li>RBI</li>
<li>National Human Rights Commission</li>
<li>State Human Rights Commission</li>
<li>Central Information Commission</li>
<li>Central Vigilance Commission</li>
<li>Central Bureau of Investigation</li>
<li>Lokpal and Lokayuktas</li>
<li>National Commission for Women</li>
<li>National Commission for Backward Classes</li>
<li>National Commission for Minorities</li>
<li>Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority</li>
<li>Securities and Exchange Board of India</li>
<li>Competition Commission of India</li>
<li>Telecom Regulatory Authority of India</li>
<li>Central Electricity Regulatory Commission</li>
<li>Atomic Energy Regulatory Board</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 220px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Central Pollution Control Board</li>
<li>Medical Council of India</li>
<li>Inland Waterways Authority of India</li>
<li>Central Ground Water Authority</li>
<li>Directorate General of Civil Aviation</li>
<li>Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority</li>
<li>Food Safety and Standards Authority of India</li>
<li>Bar Council of India</li>
<li>University Grants Commission</li>
<li>Financial Stability and Development Council</li>
<li>All India Council for Technical Education</li>
<li>National Green Tribunal</li>
<li>Competition Appellate Tribunal</li>
<li>Income-Tax Appellate Tribunal</li>
<li>Cyber Appellate Tribunal</li>
<li>Intellectual Property Appellate Board</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h1></h1>
<h1 style="text-align: center;">Governance<br /><br /></h1>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #483d8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><strong><span style="color: #ffffff;">Government Policies &amp; Interventions for Development</span> </strong></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 230px;">
<td style="height: 230px; vertical-align: top;">
<p><span style="color: #483d8b;"><strong>Government Policies &amp; Interventions in Various Sectors</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Health, Gender, Education, Poverty, Economic etc</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #483d8b;"><strong>Issues Arising Out of Their Design &amp; Implementation</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Concerns/Issues</li>
<li>Suggestions for Improvement</li>
<li>Critical Assessment of Centrally Sponsored Schemes (CSS)</li>
<li>Rationalisation of CSS</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 230px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Analysis of Main Schemes:
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Beti Bachao Beti Padhao</li>
<li>Smart City</li>
<li>Swachh Bharat Abhiyan</li>
<li>MGNERGA</li>
<li>Digital India</li>
<li>Make in India</li>
<li>Skill India</li>
<li>PM Jan Dhan Yojana</li>
<li>Start-up India etc.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #483d8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px; width: 100%;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Development Processes &amp; the Development Industry</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 360px;">
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 360px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Role of Social Capital Organisations</li>
<li>Indian Context</li>
<li>Classification</li>
<li>Provisions for the Third Sector in the Indian Constitution</li>
<li>National Policy on the Voluntary Sector 2007</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #483d8b;"><strong>Non-Governmental Organisations</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Role and Impact of Non-governmental Organizations</li>
<li>Issue Areas: Accreditation, Legitimacy &amp; Accountability, Foreign Funding etc.</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #483d8b;"><strong>Self Help Groups (SHGs)</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Need for SHGs</li>
<li>Benefits of SHGs</li>
<li>Weaknesses of SHGs</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 360px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Challenges</li>
<li>Measures to Make SHGs Effective</li>
<li>Case Studies: Kudumbashree (Kerala), Mahila Arthik Vikas Mahamandal (Maharashtra)</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #483d8b;"><strong>Societies, Trusts and Cooperatives</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Societies</li>
<li>Trust</li>
<li>Religious Endowments</li>
<li>Cooperatives &ndash;
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Need for Cooperatives</li>
<li>Constitutional Provisions</li>
<li>National Policy on Co-operatives, 2002</li>
<li>Issues and Challenges in the Cooperatives Sector</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 20px; background-color: #483d8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 20px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Important Aspects of Governance, Transparency &amp; Accountability</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 401px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 401px; vertical-align: top;">
<p><span style="color: #483d8b;"><strong>Governance</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Dimensions of Governance</li>
<li>Good Governance (GG)</li>
<li>Aspects of GG</li>
<li>Barriers to GG</li>
<li>Necessary Pre-conditions for GG</li>
<li>How to Ensure GG</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #483d8b;"><strong>E-Governance</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Applications</li>
<li>Models</li>
<li>Successes</li>
<li>Limitations</li>
<li>Potential</li>
<li>Recent e-governance Initiatives by Government</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #483d8b;"><strong>Citizens Charters (CC)</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Components of CC</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 401px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Features of CC</li>
<li>Six Principles of CC</li>
<li>Shortcomings of CC</li>
<li>Measures to Make CC Effective</li>
<li>Sevottam Model</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #483d8b;"><strong>Aspects of Transparency</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #483d8b;"><strong>Elements &amp; Types of Accountability</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #483d8b;"><strong>Means to ensure Transparency &amp; Accountability</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>RTI</li>
<li>Social Audit</li>
<li>Whistleblower Protection Bill</li>
<li>Lokpal &amp; Lokayuktas Act</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #483d8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Role of Civil Services in a Democracy</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 348px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 348px; vertical-align: top;">
<p><span style="color: #483d8b;"><strong>Relationship Between Civil Service And Democracy </strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #483d8b;"><strong>Role Played By Civil Services</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Advisory Role in Policy Making</li>
<li>Institutionalise Socio-economic change</li>
<li>Discharge Delegated Functions</li>
<li>Administer Law of the Land</li>
<li>Watchdogs</li>
<li>Continuity in times of Political Instability</li>
<li>Record-Keeping</li>
<li>Channel of Communication</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #483d8b;"><strong>Ailments/Issues Afflicting Indian Civil Services</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Lack of Professionalism &amp; Poor Capacity Building</li>
<li>Inefficient Incentive Systems</li>
<li>Outdated Rules &amp; Procedures</li>
<li>Systemic Inconsistencies in Promotion</li>
<li>Lack of Adequate Transparency &amp; Accountability Procedures</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 348px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Arbitrary &amp; Whimsical Transfers</li>
<li>Political Interference &amp; Administrative Acquiescence</li>
<li>Gradual Erosion in Values &amp; Ethics</li>
<li>Redtapism</li>
<li>Elitist in Nature</li>
<li>Poor Pay</li>
<li>Tendency to Capture Power</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #483d8b;"><strong>Reforming Bureaucracy to Strengthen Democracy</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Setting Right the Asymmetry of Power</li>
<li>Insulating Civil Servants from Undue Political Interference</li>
<li>Professionalisation with Stability of Tenure &amp; Competition</li>
<li>Citizen-Centric Administration</li>
<li>Accountability</li>
<li>Outcome Orientation</li>
<li>Promoting Public Service Values &amp; Ethics</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p></p>
<h1 style="text-align: center;"></h1>
<h1 style="text-align: center;">SOCIAL JUSTICE<br /><br /></h1>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #b22222;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Welfare Schemes for Vulnerable Sections</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 693px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 693px; vertical-align: top;">
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Schemes for the Following Vulnerable Sections</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>SCs &amp; STs</li>
<li>Minorities</li>
<li>Children</li>
<li>Elderly</li>
<li>Disabled</li>
<li>Women</li>
<li>Transgender</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Performance of These Schemes</strong></span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Mechanisms, Laws, Institutions &amp; Bodies Constituted for Protection &amp; Betterment of These Vulnerable Sections</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>SCs:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The Protection of Civil Rights Act</li>
<li>The Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act</li>
<li>National Commission for Scheduled Castes</li>
<li>Scheduled Castes Sub Plan</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Disabled:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The Rehabilitation Council of India Act</li>
<li>The Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Full Participation) Act</li>
<li>Mental Retardation and Multiple Disabilities Act</li>
<li>The National Trust for Welfare of Persons with<br />Autism, Cerebral Palsy, Mental Retardation and Multiple Disabilities Act</li>
<li>Rights of the Persons with Disabilities Act</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 693px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>STs:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>National Commission for Scheduled Tribes</li>
<li>Tribal Sub Plan</li>
<li>TRIFED</li>
<li>Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Minorities:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>National Commission for Minorities</li>
<li>National Commission for Religious and Linguistic Minorities</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Women &amp; Children</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act</li>
<li>The Indecent Representation of Women (Prevention) Act</li>
<li>The Dowry Prohibition Act</li>
<li>The Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act</li>
<li>The Prohibition of Child Marriage Act</li>
<li>Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act</li>
<li>Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act</li>
<li>Central Adoption Resource Agency (CARA)</li>
<li>The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act</li>
<li>Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal)</li>
<li>Pre-Conception and Pre Natal Diagnostic Techniques (PC&amp;PNDT) Act</li>
<li>Gender Budgeting</li>
<li>National Policy for Women</li>
<li>Domestic Violence Act</li>
<li>Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Act</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Elderly</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #b22222;">
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; height: 19px;"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Issues Relating to Development &amp; Management of Social Sector/Services</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 403px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 403px; vertical-align: top;">
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Health</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>India&rsquo;s Performance on Various Health Indicators</li>
<li>Weaknesses of Indian Healthcare System</li>
<li>Health Infrastructure in India</li>
<li>Universal Health Coverage</li>
<li>12th FYP Strategy</li>
<li>Universal Health Coverage</li>
<li>Health Insurance</li>
<li>National Family Health Survey</li>
<li>National Health Policy</li>
<li>National Health Mission</li>
<li>Maternal &amp; Adolescent Health</li>
<li>Child Health</li>
<li>Antimicrobial Resistance</li>
<li>Disease Burden in India</li>
<li>Measures to Ensure Good Health Outcomes</li>
<li>Government Initiatives</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 403px; vertical-align: top;">
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Education</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>
<p><strong></strong>Status of Literacy in India</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Education Structure in India</p>
</li>
<li>Challenges Faced by Education Sector in India</li>
<li>Reforms Required</li>
<li>Government Initiatives</li>
<li>ASER Report</li>
<li>Financing Education</li>
<li>Subramanian Panel Report</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Human Resource</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Need For Skill Development</li>
<li>Skill Development Initiatives</li>
<li>Challenges in Skilling Landscape in India</li>
<li>Shortcomings of Current Skill Development Initiatives</li>
<li>Reforms Required</li>
<li>Steps that can Be Taken</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #b22222;">
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; height: 19px;"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Issues Relating to Poverty &amp; Hunger</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 98px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 98px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Relation between Poverty &amp; Hunger</li>
<li>Distribution of Poverty &amp; Hunger</li>
<li>Magnitude &amp; Trends of Poverty &amp; Hunger</li>
<li>Causes of Poverty &amp; Hunger</li>
<li>Cost/Impact of Poverty &amp; Malnutrition</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 98px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>MDGs &amp; SDGs</li>
<li>Food and nutrition insecurity - a consequence of structural inequities</li>
<li>Constraints in Reducing Poverty &amp; Hunger</li>
<li>Measure to Reduce Poverty &amp; Hunger &ndash; National Food Security Act, Mid-day Meal Scheme, MGNREGA etc.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h1 style="text-align: center;"></h1>
<h1 style="text-align: center;">INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS<br /><br /></h1>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #d2691e;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>India and its Neighborhood &ndash; Relations</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 137px;">
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 137px;">
<p><span style="color: #d2691e;"><strong>India&rsquo;s Relations With</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>China</li>
<li>Pakistan</li>
<li>Myanmar</li>
<li>Bhutan</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 137px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Bangladesh</li>
<li>Sri Lanka</li>
<li>Afghanistan</li>
<li>Nepal</li>
<li>Maldives</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #d2691e;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><strong><span style="color: #ffffff;">Bilateral, Regional &amp; Global Groupings &amp; Agreements Involving India and/or Affecting India's Interests</span> </strong></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 450px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 450px; vertical-align: top;">
<p><span style="color: #d2691e;"><strong>India&rsquo;s Major Foreign Policy Doctrines Since 1947</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Non-aligned Movement (NAM)</li>
<li>Nuclear Doctrine</li>
<li>Gujral Doctrine</li>
<li>Look East to Act East</li>
<li>Think West, etc.</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #d2691e;"><strong>Bilateral Relations With</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Major Powers Like &ndash; USA, Russia, Japan</li>
<li>Central Asian Countries</li>
<li>West Asian Countries</li>
<li>African Countries</li>
<li>Australia &amp; New Zealand</li>
<li>EU &amp; European Countries</li>
<li>Latin American Countries</li>
<li>Pacific Countries</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #d2691e;"><strong>Regional &amp; Global Groupings</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>SAARC</li>
<li>BRICS</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 450px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>BBIN &amp; BCIM</li>
<li>BIMSTEC</li>
<li>IBSA</li>
<li>ASEAN &amp; RCEP</li>
<li>India-Africa Forum</li>
<li>SCO</li>
<li>Ashgabat Agreement</li>
<li>FIPIC</li>
<li>IOR-ARC</li>
<li>Mekong Ganga Cooperation (MGC)</li>
<li>Raisina Dialogue</li>
<li>Heart of Asia Conference</li>
<li>East Asia Summit</li>
<li>G-20</li>
<li>Asian Development Bank</li>
<li>National Security Summit</li>
<li>Multilateral Nuclear Export Regulatory Regimes: Wassenar, MTCR, Australia Group</li>
<li>Asian Development Bank</li>
<li>APEC, etc</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #d2691e;">
<td style="width: 50%; text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Effect of Policies &amp; Politics of Developed &amp; Developing Countries on India's Interests</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 88px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 88px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>One Belt One Road</li>
<li>International North&ndash;South Transport Corridor</li>
<li>Global Trade War</li>
<li>Global Currency War</li>
<li>Syrian Crisis</li>
<li>UN Reforms</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 88px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>WTO Reforms</li>
<li>South China Sea Conflict</li>
<li>Brexit</li>
<li>Deglobalisation &amp; Protectionism &ndash; US Sanctions on Iran, US Pullout from Paris Agreement, H-1B Visa Issue etc.</li>
<li>OPEC Oil Prices Manipulation, etc.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #d2691e;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Indian Diaspora</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 95px;">
<td style="vertical-align: top; height: 95px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Spread of Indian Diaspora</li>
<li>India&rsquo;s Diaspora Policy &amp; Engagement Initiatives
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>OCI</li>
<li>Pravasi Bharatiya Divas</li>
<li>Know India Programme, etc.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 95px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>LM Singhvi High Level Committee on the Diaspora</li>
<li>Role played by Indian Diaspora</li>
<li>Issues Concerning the Diaspora:
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Dual Nationality</li>
<li>Remittances, etc.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #d2691e;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Important International Institutions</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 10px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 10px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>UN &amp; its Agencies</li>
<li>WTO</li>
<li>World Bank</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 10px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>IMF</li>
<li>World Economic Forum</li>
<li>Commonwealth of Nations, etc.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p></p>',
		'posturl' => 'general-studies-ii',
		'publishon' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'tag' => 'Syllabus',
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'articles'
	
	},
	(int) 8 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 185,
		'category_id' => (int) 9,
		'title' => 'General Studies-I',
		'description' => '<h3>(Indian Heritage and Culture, History <g class="gr_ gr_113 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="113" data-gr-id="113">and</g> Geography of the World and Society)</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Indian Culture - Salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.</li>
<li>Modern Indian History from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues.</li>
<li>The Freedom Struggle &mdash; its various stages and important contributors/contributions from different parts of the country.</li>
<li>Post-independence Consolidation and Reorganization within the country.</li>
<li>History of the World will include events from 18th century such as Industrial Revolution, world wars, <g class="gr_ gr_105 gr-alert gr_spell gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim ContextualSpelling ins-del" id="105" data-gr-id="105">Redrawal</g> of National Boundaries, Colonization, Decolonization, political philosophies like Communism, Capitalism, Socialism etc.&mdash; their forms and effect on the society.</li>
<li>Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India.</li>
<li>Role of Women and Women&rsquo;s Organization, Population and Associated Issues, Poverty and Developmental issues, Urbanization, their problems and their remedies.</li>
<li>Effects of Globalization on Indian society.</li>
<li>Social Empowerment, Communalism, Regionalism &amp; Secularism.</li>
<li>Salient features of World&rsquo;s Physical Geography.</li>
<li>Distribution of Key Natural Resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian sub-continent); factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries in various parts of the world (including India).</li>
<li>Important Geophysical Phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc., geographical features and their location-changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.</li>
</ul>
<h1 style="text-align: center;">History<br /><br /></h1>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #008b8b;">
<td style="width: 100%; text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Indian Heritage &amp; Culture</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 19px; vertical-align: top;">
<p><strong><span style="color: #008b8b;">Indian Art Forms</span><br /></strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Indian Paintings</li>
<li>Classical Dance Forms</li>
<li>Folk Dance Forms</li>
<li>Classical Music</li>
<li>Puppetry</li>
<li>Pottery</li>
<li>Drama/Theatre</li>
<li>Martial Arts</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Literature</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Ancient Indian Literature</li>
<li>Classical Sanskrit Literature</li>
<li>Literature in Pali and Prakrit</li>
<li>Early Dravidian Literature</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 19px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Medieval Literature</li>
<li>Women Poets of Bhakti</li>
<li>Trends in Medieval Literature</li>
<li>Modern Indian Literature</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Architecture</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Harappan Architecture</li>
<li>Temple Architecture</li>
<li>Cave Architecture</li>
<li>Indo-Islamic Architecture</li>
<li>Medieval Architecture</li>
<li>Modern Architecture</li>
<li>Contribution of Buddhism &amp; Jainism to the Development of Indian Architecture</li>
<li>Rock Cut Architecture</li>
<li>Colonial Architecture &amp; the Modern Period</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #008b8b;">
<td style="width: 99.8889%; height: 19px;" colspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Modern Indian History</strong></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 25px;">
<td style="width: 50.1111%; height: 25px; vertical-align: top;">
<p><strong><span style="color: #008b8b;">Middle of the Eighteenth Century Until The Present</span><br /></strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Socio-economic Condition of People</li>
<li>European Penetration of India</li>
<li>British Conquest of India</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 49.7778%; height: 25px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>British Policies &amp; Their Impact &ndash; Economic, Administrative &amp; Socio-cultural</li>
<li>Socio-cultural Reform Movements</li>
<li>Uprisings Against British Pre-1857</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #008b8b;">
<td style="width: 96.3405%; text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><strong><span style="color: #ffffff;">The Freedom Struggle</span></strong></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 540px;">
<td style="width: 48.6823%; height: 540px; vertical-align: top;">
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Revolt of 1857</strong></span></p>
<p><strong><span style="color: #008b8b;">Growth of Nationalism in India (1858-1905)</span><br /></strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Political, Economic &amp; Administrative Unification of the Country</li>
<li>Role of Western Education</li>
<li>Role of Press</li>
<li><g class="gr_ gr_124 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_disable_anim_appear Grammar only-ins doubleReplace replaceWithoutSep" id="124" data-gr-id="124">Rediscovery</g> of India&rsquo;s Past</li>
<li>Early Political Movements</li>
<li>Formation of INC</li>
<li>Era of Moderates</li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong><g class="gr_ gr_125 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_disable_anim_appear Grammar only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="125" data-gr-id="125">Growth</g> of Militant Nationalism &amp; Revolutionary Activities (1905-1918)</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Swadeshi &amp; Boycott Movement</li>
<li>Surat Split</li>
<li>International Influence</li>
<li>Morley &ndash; Minto Reforms</li>
<li>Growth of Communalism</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong><g class="gr_ gr_126 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_disable_anim_appear Grammar only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="126" data-gr-id="126">Beginning</g> of Mass Nationalism (1919-1939)</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Mahatma Gandhi &ndash; His Ideas &amp; Leadership</li>
<li>Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms</li>
<li>Rowlatt Act, <g class="gr_ gr_114 gr-alert gr_spell gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim ContextualSpelling ins-del multiReplace" id="114" data-gr-id="114">Satyagrah</g> <g class="gr_ gr_128 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_disable_anim_appear Punctuation only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="128" data-gr-id="128">and</g> Jallianwala Bagh Massacre</li>
<li>Non-cooperation &amp; Khilafat Movement</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 47.6582%; height: 540px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Swarajists &amp; No-Changers</li>
<li><g class="gr_ gr_127 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_disable_anim_appear Grammar only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="127" data-gr-id="127">Emergence</g> of New Forces &ndash; Socialistic Ideas, Youth &amp; Trade Unionism</li>
<li>Revolutionary Activity</li>
<li>Simon Commission &amp; Nehru Report</li>
<li>Civil Disobedience Movement</li>
<li>Round Table Conferences</li>
<li>Communal Award &amp; Poona Pact</li>
<li>Participation in Elections to Central Legislature (1934) &amp; Provincial Assemblies (1937)</li>
<li>Government of India Act, 1935</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Towards Freedom &amp; Partition (1939-1947)</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>National Movement During World War II</li>
<li>August Offer</li>
<li>Individual Satyagraha</li>
<li>Growth of Communalism</li>
<li>Peasant Movements</li>
<li>State People&rsquo;s Struggle</li>
<li>Cripps Mission</li>
<li>Quit India Movement</li>
<li>Wavell Plan</li>
<li>INA &amp; Subhash Chandra Bose</li>
<li>Cabinet Mission</li>
<li>Nationalist Upsurge Post-World War II</li>
<li>Independence with Partition</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #008b8b;">
<td colspan="2" style="width: 96.5366%; text-align: center; height: 19px;" width="255"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Post-independence Consolidation</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 445px;">
<td style="width: 48.9556%; vertical-align: top; height: 445px;" width="296">
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Nation Building</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Partition and Its Aftermath</li>
<li>Integration of Princely States</li>
<li>Reorganisation of States</li>
<li>Issue of Official Language</li>
<li>Tribal Consolidation</li>
<li>Regional Aspirations</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Foreign Policy</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Non-Aligned Movement</li>
<li>Panchsheel</li>
<li>Wars with Pakistan &amp; China</li>
<li>Nuclear Policy</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Economy</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Planned Development</li>
<li>Green Revolution, Operation Flood &amp; Cooperatives</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 47.581%; vertical-align: top; height: 445px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Agrarian &amp; Land Reforms</li>
<li>Industrial Reforms</li>
<li>LPG Reforms</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Polity</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Era of One-Party Dominance</li>
<li>Emergence of Opposition Parties</li>
<li>Emergency: Crisis of Democratic Order</li>
<li>Rise of Regional Parties</li>
<li>Coalition Era</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Social</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Popular Movements</li>
<li>Communalism</li>
<li>Indian Women Since Independence</li>
<li>Naxalism</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #008b8b;">
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; height: 19px; width: 96.5086%;" width="255"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>History of the World</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 618px;">
<td style="width: 49.1329%; vertical-align: top; height: 618px;">
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Industrial Revolution</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Renaissance</li>
<li>Discovery of Sea Routes</li>
<li>Reformation</li>
<li>Counter Reformation</li>
<li>European Nations Settle North America</li>
<li>Rise of Slave Trade</li>
<li>American War of Independence</li>
<li>French Revolution</li>
<li>Nationalism in Europe</li>
<li>Rise of Capitalism, Colonialism &amp; Imperialism</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>World War I</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Causes of the War</li>
<li>Scope &amp; Course of the War</li>
<li>Russian Revolution</li>
<li>End of the War &amp; Peace Treaties</li>
<li>Consequences of the War</li>
<li>League of Nations</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>World Between the Two Wars</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Europe After the War &ndash; Fascism &amp; Nazism</li>
<li>The Great Depression</li>
<li>Emergence of Soviet Union</li>
<li>Nationalist Movements in Asia &amp; Africa</li>
<li>US as a Strong Power</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 47.3757%; vertical-align: top; height: 618px;">
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>World War II</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Fascist Aggression &amp; Response of Western Democracies</li>
<li>Outbreak of the War</li>
<li>Theatres of the War</li>
<li>US Entry into the War</li>
<li>Global Nature of the War</li>
<li>The Holocaust</li>
<li>Resistance Movements</li>
<li>After-effects of the War</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Decolonialisation &amp; Redrawal of National Boundaries</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Europe after World War II</li>
<li>Cold War</li>
<li>Rise of Asia &amp; Africa</li>
<li>Developments in West Asia &amp; North Africa</li>
<li>Spread of Communism</li>
<li>Korean War</li>
<li>Vietnam War</li>
<li>Cuban Crisis</li>
<li>Collapse of Soviet Union</li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Concept, Types &amp; Social Impact of Political Philosophies</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Communism</li>
<li>Capitalism</li>
<li>Socialism</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h1></h1>
<h1 style="text-align: center;">Indian Society<br /><br /></h1>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #483d8b;">
<td style="width: 96.5792%; text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Salient Features of Indian Society</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 88px;">
<td style="width: 43.5561%; vertical-align: top; height: 88px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Diversity (Types &ndash; caste, linguistic, social and religious, race, tribe and ethnicity, culture)</li>
<li>Challenges posed by Diversity</li>
<li>Unity</li>
<li>Pluralism</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 53.0231%; vertical-align: top; height: 88px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Unity in Diversity</li>
<li>Inequality and Exclusion</li>
<li>Family System</li>
<li>Examples of above.&nbsp;</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #483d8b;">
<td style="width: 96.6591%; text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Role of Women and Women's Organization</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 109px;">
<td style="width: 43.4765%; height: 109px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Women's Organisations &ndash; Empowerment through Action</li>
<li>19<sup>th</sup> Century Social Reform Movements and Early Women's Organisations &ndash; (1) Agrarian Struggles and Revolt, (2) Participation in Freedom Struggle</li>
<li>Women's Organisations Post &ndash; 1947</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 53.1826%; height: 109px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Resurgence of Women's Movement in the 70s: (1) Emergence of New Organisations, (2) Approaches and Issues</li>
<li>Contemporary Women's Issues &amp; Organisation Response</li>
<li>Women's Organisations and SHGs</li>
<li>Challenges faced by Women's Organisations</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #483d8b;">
<td style="width: 96.6541%; text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Population and Associated Issues</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 73px;">
<td style="width: 43.6356%; height: 73px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Basic Demography of India</li>
<li>Population Trends in India and their Implications</li>
<li>Causes and Effects of Over Population</li>
<li>Challenges of Population Explosion</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 53.0185%; height: 73px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Changing Age Structure of Indian Population</li>
<li>Demogarphic Dividend: Boon or Bane for India</li>
<li>Population Aging in India</li>
<li>India's Population Policy &amp; Initiatives</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #483d8b;">
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; height: 19px; width: 96.5792%;"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Poverty and Developmental Issues</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 243px;">
<td style="width: 43.6356%; vertical-align: top; height: 243px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Concept of Development and Poverty</li>
<li>Types of Poverty</li>
<li>Measurement of Poverty &ndash; Poverty Line</li>
<li>Causes of Poverty</li>
<li>Poverty as a Social Problem</li>
<li>Socio-economic Spread of Poverty</li>
<li>Consequences of Poverty &ndash;
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Inequality</li>
<li>Continuation of Vicious Cycle</li>
<li>Who are worst affected by poverty?</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 52.9436%; vertical-align: top; height: 243px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Problem of Rising Urban Poverty</li>
<li>Poverty Alleviation Initiatives</li>
<li>Policy shift from &ldquo;Trickle Down&rdquo; Economics to Inclusive or Pro-poor Development to Reduce Poverty</li>
<li>Relation between Poverty Reduction and Development: Poverty-Inequality-Development Nexus</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #483d8b;">
<td colspan="2" style="height: 19px; text-align: center; width: 96.6587%;"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Urbanization</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 43.7152%; height: 19px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Urbanisation Trends in India and Their Implications - Demographic and Social Dimensions</li>
<li>Factors Driving Urbanisation</li>
<li>State of Service Delivery and Challeges posed by Urbanisation</li>
<li>Problems of Urban Areas</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 52.9435%; height: 19px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Social Consequences of Urbanisation</li>
<li>Impact of Urbanisation in Rural Areas</li>
<li>Urban Planning and Role of Urban Local Bodies (ULBs)</li>
<li>Reforms Required and Government Initiatives Taken So Far</li>
<li>Problems of Slums</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #483d8b; height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 96.7383%; text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Effects of Globalization on Indian Society</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 111px;">
<td style="width: 43.75%; vertical-align: top; height: 111px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Understanding Globalisation &ndash; Its Different Dimensions</li>
<li>Globalisation &amp; Culture - Homogenisation vs. Glocalisation</li>
<li>Factors Driving Globalisation</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 52.9883%; vertical-align: top; height: 111px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Globalisation &amp; India</li>
<li>Impact of Globalisation on India - Socio-cultural, economic, on women, agrarian sector etc.</li>
<li>Does Globalisation cause Poverty?</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #483d8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; width: 96.7383%;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Social Empowerment</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 43.4765%; height: 19px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Which are the Socially Disadvantaged Groups?</li>
<li>Dimensions of Social Empowerment</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 53.2618%; height: 19px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Government Initiatives to Aide Social Empowerment</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #483d8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px; width: 96.7383%;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Communalism</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 79px;">
<td style="width: 43.4765%; height: 79px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Communalism &ndash; Its Characteristics</li>
<li>Communalism in India in the Past</li>
<li>Communalism in Contemporqary India</li>
<li>Causes of Communalism</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 53.2618%; height: 79px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Consequences of Communalism</li>
<li>Measures to Control &amp; Eradicate Communalism</li>
<li>Secularism as an Antidote to Communalism</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #483d8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px; width: 96.7335%;" colspan="2"><strong><span style="color: #ffffff;">Regionalism</span> </strong></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 89px;">
<td style="width: 43.2455%; height: 89px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Concept of Region &amp; Regionalism</li>
<li>Different Forms of Regionalism</li>
<li>Regionalism in India</li>
<li>Causes of Regionalism</li>
<li>Concept of 'Sons of Soil'</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 53.488%; height: 89px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Consequences of Regionalism</li>
<li>Federalism &amp; Regionalism</li>
<li>Role of Regional Parties</li>
<li>Measures to Contain Regionalism</li>
<li>Regionalism in the International Sphere</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #483d8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px; width: 96.7383%;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Secularism</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 10px;">
<td style="width: 43.0099%; height: 10px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Concept of Secularism</li>
<li>Indian Model of Secularism</li>
<li>Secularism in India</li>
<li>Nature &amp; Practice of Secularism in India</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 53.7284%; height: 10px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Uniform Civil Code</li>
<li>Challenges faced by Secularism in India</li>
<li>Measures to Make India Truly Secular</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h1></h1>
<h1 style="text-align: center;">Geography<br /><br /></h1>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #b22222;">
<td style="height: 19px; text-align: center; width: 99.8806%;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Salient Features of World's Physical Geography</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 494px;">
<td style="height: 216px; vertical-align: top; width: 44.7096%;">
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Geomorphology</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Origin &amp; Evolution of Earth</li>
<li>Interior of the Earth</li>
<li>Distribution of Continents &amp; Oceans</li>
<li>Plate Tectonic Theory</li>
<li>Distribution of Earthquakes &amp; Volcanoes</li>
<li>Rocks &amp; Rock Cycle</li>
<li>Geomorphic Processes &ndash; Endogenic &amp; Exogenic</li>
<li>Landforms &amp; their Evolution</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Oceanography</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Hydrological Cycle</li>
<li>Seafloor Spreading</li>
<li>Ocean Floor Configuration</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 55.171%; height: 216px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Temperature &amp; Salinity of Oceans</li>
<li>Movement of Oceans &ndash; Waves, Tides, Currents</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Climatology</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Earth&rsquo;s Atmosphere &ndash; Composition &amp; Structure</li>
<li>Solar Radiation, Heat Budget &amp; Temperature</li>
<li>Atmospheric Circulation &amp; Weather Systems</li>
<li>World Climate (examples)</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Soil Geography</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Soil &amp; Soil Contents</li>
<li>Process of Soil Formation</li>
<li>Soil Forming Factors</li>
<li>Types of Soils (examples)</li>
<li>Soil Erosion &amp; Conservation</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #b22222;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px; width: 100%;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Distribution of Key Natural Resources Across the World </strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 411px;">
<td style="width: 44.829%; vertical-align: top; height: 411px;">
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Types of Resources</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>On the Basis of Origin, Ownership, Exhaustability etc.</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Land Resources</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Land Utilisation</li>
<li>Land Use Pattern</li>
<li>Land Degradation &amp; Conservation</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Forest Resources</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Types &amp; Distribution &ndash; Grasslands, Forests etc.</li>
<li>Causes of Depletion</li>
<li>Conservation of Forests</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Water Resources</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Marine &amp; Freshwater</li>
<li>Water Scarcity &amp; Need For Conservation</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 55.171%; vertical-align: top; height: 411px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Integrated Water Resources Management</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Agricultural Resources</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Types of Farming</li>
<li>Cropping Patterns</li>
<li>Contribution to Economy, Employment &amp; Output</li>
<li>Food Security</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Mineral &amp; Energy Resources</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Classification of Minerals &ndash; Ferrous &amp; Non-Ferrous</li>
<li>Occurrence of Minerals</li>
<li>Conservation of Minerals</li>
<li>Classification of Energy Resources &ndash; Conventional &amp; Non-Conventional</li>
<li>Occurrence of Energy Resources</li>
<li>Conservation of Energy Resources</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #b22222;">
<td style="height: 19px; text-align: center; width: 99.9602%;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Factors Responsible for the Location of Industries</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 188px;">
<td style="height: 188px; vertical-align: top; width: 44.8687%;">
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Classification of Industries</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Location &amp; Distribution of the Industries on the Basis of</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Raw Material</li>
<li>Labour</li>
<li>Market</li>
<li>Capital</li>
<li>Land</li>
<li>Grants &amp; Financial Incentives</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 55.0915%; height: 188px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Power</li>
<li>Transport</li>
<li>Water</li>
<li>Communication</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Distribution of Major Industries &ndash; Iron &amp; Steel, IT, Cotton Textile</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Agglomeration &amp; Footloose Industries</strong></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #b22222;">
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; height: 19px; width: 100%;"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Important Geophysical Phenomena</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 318px;">
<td style="width: 44.9881%; vertical-align: top; height: 318px;">
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Earthquakes</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Why Does Earth Shake?</li>
<li>Earthquake Waves</li>
<li>Shadow Zone</li>
<li>Types of Earthquake</li>
<li>Measuring Earthquake</li>
<li>Effects of Earthquake</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Tsunami</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>What Causes Tsunami</li>
<li>Effect of Tsunami</li>
<li>Mitigating the Impact of Tsunami</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 55.0119%; vertical-align: top; height: 318px;">
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Volcanoes</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Types of Volcanoes</li>
<li>What Causes Volcanoes?</li>
<li>Volcanic Landforms</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Cyclone</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Tropical Cyclones</li>
<li>Anti-Cyclone</li>
<li>Extra Tropical Cyclones</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #b22222;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px; width: 100%;" colspan="2"><strong><span style="color: #ffffff;">Geographical Features and their Location</span> </strong></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 45.1472%; height: 19px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Factors Causing Changes in Critical Geographical Features</li>
<li>Examples of Changing Geographicl Features - Mealting of Ice Sheets, Desertification etc.</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 54.8528%; height: 19px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Impact of Changing Geographical Features</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>',
		'posturl' => 'general-studies-I',
		'publishon' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'tag' => 'Syllabus',
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'articles'
	
	},
	(int) 9 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 177,
		'category_id' => (int) 1,
		'title' => 'UPSC Preliminary Examination Syllabus',
		'description' => '<ol>
<li><g class="gr_ gr_29 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Grammar only-ins doubleReplace replaceWithoutSep" id="29" data-gr-id="29">Paper</g> I - (200 marks)</li>
</ol>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;" class="ticklist">
<li>Current Events of National and International Importance.</li>
<li>History of India and Indian National Movement.</li>
<li>Indian and World Geography-Physical, Social, Economic Geography of India and the World.</li>
<li>Indian Polity and Governance-Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues, etc.</li>
<li>Economic and Social Development-Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives, etc.</li>
<li>General issues on Environmental ecology, Bio-diversity <g class="gr_ gr_28 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="28" data-gr-id="28">and</g> Climate Change - that do not require subject specialization.</li>
<li>General Science.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Paper II - (200 marks)</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;" class="ticklist">
<li>Comprehension; Interpersonal Skills including Communication Skills.</li>
<li>Logical Reasoning and Analytical Ability.</li>
<li>Decision Making and Problem Solving.</li>
<li>General Mental Ability.</li>
<li>Basic Numeracy (Numbers and their Relations, Orders of Magnitude, etc.) (Class X level).</li>
<li>Data Interpretation (charts, graphs, tables, data sufficiency etc. &mdash; Class X level).</li>
</ul>
<p><em><strong>Note 1:</strong> Paper-II of the Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination will be a qualifying paper with minimum qualifying marks fixed at 33%. </em><br /><em><strong>Note 2:</strong> The questions will be of multiple choice, objective type.</em></p>
<p><em></em></p>
<p><em></em></p>
<p><em></em></p>
<h2><strong>For UPSC Mains Examination Syllabus please <a href="/mains/mains-syllabus" target="_blank" rel="noopener">click this link</a></strong></h2>',
		'posturl' => 'preliminary-examination-syllabus',
		'publishon' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'tag' => 'Syllabus',
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'articles'
	
	}
]
$tags = [
	(int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'id' => (int) 417,
		'tag' => 'Syllabus',
		'colorcode' => 'FFDE68',
		'posturl' => 'syllabus',
		'status' => (int) 1,
		'sort_order' => (int) 5,
		'type' => (int) 1,
		'relivant' => (float) 1000000,
		'metatitle' => 'Syllabus',
		'metakeyword' => 'Syllabus',
		'metadescription' => 'Syllabus',
		'addedby' => (int) 9,
		'updatedby' => (int) 13,
		'added' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'tags'
	
	}
]
$title = 'Article Tags'
$lastyear = (int) 2018
$year = '2021'
$i = (int) 2017
$selected = ''
$m = (int) 13
$month = 'December'

include - ROOT/plugins/Drishti/src/Template/Element/rightsection.ctp, line 100
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1196
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1157
Cake\View\View::_renderElement() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1554
Cake\View\View::element() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 668
include - ROOT/plugins/Drishti/src/Template/Element/articlebox.ctp, line 5
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1196
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1157
Cake\View\View::_renderElement() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1554
Cake\View\View::element() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 668
include - ROOT/plugins/Drishti/src/Template/Articles/tags.ctp, line 61
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1196
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1157
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 765
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 623
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 125
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 93

Achievers Corner

Prelims

Mains & Interview

Current Affairs

Drishti Specials

Free Downloads

Test Series

Videos

Tag Search Results

You searched “Syllabus”. Your tag search matches the following results: