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Bihar PCS Preliminary & Mains Syllabus

PRELIMINARY TEST COMPULSORY SUBJECT GENERAL STUDIES General Science. Questions on General Science will cover general appreciation and...

01 Aug 2021 Syllabus
Chhattisgarh PCS Preliminary & Mains Syllabus

STATE SERVICE PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION Question Paper 1 General Studies (Questions 100, Marks 200), Time : 2 hours Part 01 General...

01 Aug 2021 Syllabus
UPPCS Mains Study Material

Benefits of This Material Any Assistance? 8448485520 Enquire Now The programme extensively covers all the relevant NCERTs,...

30 Oct 2018 Syllabus
General Studies-IV

Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude This paper will include questions to test the candidates’ attitude and approach to issues relating to...

23 Jul 2018 Syllabus
General Studies-III

(Technology, Economic Development, Bio-diversity, Environment, Security and Disaster Management) Indian Economy and issues relating to Planning,...

23 Jul 2018 Syllabus
General Studies-II

(Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International Relations) Indian Constitution—Historical Underpinnings, Evolution,...

23 Jul 2018 Syllabus
General Studies-I

(Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and Society) Indian Culture - Salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and...

23 Jul 2018 Syllabus
UPSC Preliminary Examination Syllabus

Paper I - (200 marks) Current Events of National and International Importance. History of India and Indian National Movement. Indian and...

23 Jul 2018 Syllabus

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		'title' => 'Bihar PCS Preliminary & Mains Syllabus',
		'description' => '<h3 style="text-align: center;">PRELIMINARY TEST</h3>
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>COMPULSORY SUBJECT</strong></p>
<p><strong>GENERAL STUDIES</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>General Science.</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Questions on <strong>General Science</strong> will cover general appreciation and understanding of science, including matters of everyday observation and experience, as may be expected of a <g class="gr_ gr_102 gr-alert gr_spell gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim ContextualSpelling multiReplace" id="102" data-gr-id="102">well educated</g> person who has not made a special study of any scientific discipline.<strong></strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Current events</strong> of national and international importance.</li>
<li><strong>History</strong> of India and salient features of the history of Bihar.
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>In History, emphasis will be on <g class="gr_ gr_72 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Grammar only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="72" data-gr-id="72">broad</g> general understanding of the subject in its social, economic and political aspects.</li>
<li>The candidates are expected to be familiar with the broad aspects of the history of Bihar.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>General <strong>Geography</strong> and geographical division of Bihar and its major river systems.
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>In Geography, emphasis will be on geography of India and Bihar.</li>
<li>Questions on the Geography of India and Bihar will relate to physical, social and economic Geography of the country including the main features of Indian agricultural and natural resources.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Indian <strong>Polity and Economy</strong> and major changes in the economy of Bihar in the <g class="gr_ gr_69 gr-alert gr_spell gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim ContextualSpelling ins-del multiReplace" id="69" data-gr-id="69">post independence</g> period.
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Questions of Indian Polity and Economy will test knowledge on the country&rsquo;s political system, <g class="gr_ gr_67 gr-alert gr_spell gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim ContextualSpelling ins-del multiReplace" id="67" data-gr-id="67">panchayati</g> raj, community development and planning in India and Bihar.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Indian National Movement and the part played by Bihar</strong> in it and also Questions on General Mental Ability.
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Question on the Indian National Movement will relate to the nature and character of the <g class="gr_ gr_66 gr-alert gr_spell gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim ContextualSpelling multiReplace" id="66" data-gr-id="66">nineteenth century</g> resurgence, growth of nationalism and attainment of Independence and candidates will be expected to answer questions on the role of Bihar in the freedom movement of India.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 style="text-align: center;">MAIN EXAMINATION</h3>
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>COMPULSORY PAPER</strong></p>
<p><strong>01- GENERAL HINDI (सामान्य हिन्दी)</strong></p>
<p>इस पत्र में प्रश्न बिहार विद्यालय परीक्षा समिति के माध्यमिक (सेकेण्डरी) स्तर के होंगे। इस परीक्षा में सरल हिन्दी में अपने भावों को स्पष्टत: एवं शुद्ध-शुद्ध रूप में व्यक्त करने की क्षमता और सहज बोध शक्ति की जाँच समझी जायेगी।<br />अंकों का विवरण निम्न प्रकार होगा&ndash;<br />निबन्ध &ndash; 30 अंक<br />व्याकरण &ndash; 30 अंक<br />वक्य विन्यास &ndash; 25 अंक<br />संक्षेपण &ndash; 15 अंक</p>
<p><strong>GENERAL STUDIES</strong></p>
<p>General studies papers I and paper II will cover the following areas of knowledge:-</p>
<p><strong>02. GENERAL STUDIES PAPER- I</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Modern History of India and Indian culture.</li>
<li>Current events of national and international importance.</li>
<li>Statistical analysis, graphs and diagrams.</li>
</ol>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>In paper-I,&nbsp;Modern History of India and Indian Culture will cover the broad history of the country (with special reference to Bihar) from about the middle of <g class="gr_ gr_65 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Grammar only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="65" data-gr-id="65">nineteenth</g> century.</li>
<li>The modern history of Bihar will include questions on the introduction and expansion of western education (including technical education).</li>
<li>It will also have questions on Bihar&rsquo;s role in the freedom struggle of India.</li>
<li>Questions will relate to the Santhal Uprising, 1857 in Bihar, Birsa movement, Champaran <g class="gr_ gr_58 gr-alert gr_spell gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim ContextualSpelling ins-del multiReplace" id="58" data-gr-id="58">Satyagrah</g> and the Quit India Movement 1942.</li>
<li>A knowledge of the chief features of Mauryan and Pal art and Patna Kalam painting will be expected from the examinees.</li>
<li>It would also include questions or Gandhi, Tagore <g class="gr_ gr_56 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="56" data-gr-id="56">and</g> Nehru.</li>
<li>The part relating to statistical analysis, graphs and diagrams will include exercises to test the candidate&rsquo;s ability to draw common sense conclusions from information presented in <g class="gr_ gr_74 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Grammar only-ins doubleReplace replaceWithoutSep" id="74" data-gr-id="74">statistical</g>, graphical or diagrammatic form and to point out deficiencies, limitations or inconsistencies therein.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>03. GENERAL STUDIES PAPER- II</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Indian Polity</li>
<li>Indian economy and Geography of India</li>
<li>The role and impact of science and technology in the development of India.</li>
</ol>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>In Paper II,&nbsp;the part relating to Indian <g class="gr_ gr_57 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation only-del replaceWithoutSep" id="57" data-gr-id="57">Polity,</g> will include questions on the political system in India including Bihar.</li>
<li>In the part pertaining to the Indian Economy and Geography of India, questions will be put on planning in India and the physical, economic and social geography of India and Bihar.</li>
<li>In the third part relating to the role and impact of science and technology in the development of India, questions will be asked to test the candidate&rsquo;s awareness of the role and impact of science and technology in India and Bihar Emphasis will be on applied aspects.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>04. Optional Paper III</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>
<p>The candidates have to select one optional subject out of subjects mentioned in notification. There will be only one optional subject exam for 300 marks and the questions will be of Honours Level (3-year course in Patna University). The choices are given below and the syllabus for optional subjects can be viewed in the BPSC Syllabus PDF.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Optional Subjects in BPSC Syllabus are:</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>
<p>English Language and Literature, Urdu Language and Literature, Hindi Language and Literature, Persian Language and Literature, Arabic Language and Literature, Pali Language and Literature, Maithili Language and Literature, Bangla Language and Literature, Sanskrit Language and Literature, Chemistry, Sociology, Physics, Agriculture, Statistics, Botany, Zoology, Philosophy, Political, Science and International Relations, Psychology, Public Administration, Labour and Social Welfare, Management, Mathematics, Mechanical Engineering, Geography , Geology, History, Law, Civil Engineering, Economics, Commerce and Accountancy, Electrical Engineering, Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Anthropology.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
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		'category_id' => (int) 25,
		'title' => 'Chhattisgarh PCS Preliminary & Mains Syllabus',
		'description' => '<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">STATE SERVICE PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION</span></p>
<h2>Question Paper 1 General Studies</h2>
<p><em><strong>(Questions 100, Marks 200), Time : 2 hours</strong></em></p>
<h3>Part 01</h3>
<p><strong>General Studies</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>History of India and Indian National Movement</li>
<li>Physical, Social &amp; Economic Geography of India</li>
<li>Constitution of India &amp;, Polity</li>
<li>Indian Economy</li>
<li>General Science &amp; Technology</li>
<li>Indian Philosophy, Art, Literature &amp; Culture</li>
<li>Current Affairs &amp; Sports</li>
<li>Environment</li>
</ul>
<h3>PART 02</h3>
<p><strong>General Knowledge of Chhattisgarh</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>History of Chhattisgarh &amp; Contribution of Chhattisgarh in Freedom Movement.</li>
<li>Geography, Climate, Physical status, Census, Archeological and</li>
<li>Tourist Centres of Chhattisgarh.</li>
<li>Literature, Music, Dance, Art and Culture, Idioms and Proverbs, Puzzle/riddle (जनऊला), Singing (हाना) of Chhattisgarh.</li>
<li>Tribes, Special Traditions, Teej and Festivals of Chhattisgarh.</li>
<li>Economy, Forest and Agriculture of Chhattisgarh.</li>
<li>Administrative Structure, Local Government and Panchayati Raj of&nbsp;Chhattisgarh.</li>
<li>Industry in Chhattisgarh, Energy, Water and Mineral Resource of&nbsp;Chhattisgarh.</li>
<li>Current Affairs of Chhattisgarh.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Question Paper 2 Aptitude Test</h2>
<p><em><strong>(Questions 100, Marks 200), Time: 2 hours.</strong></em></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Interpersonal skills including communication skills;</li>
<li>Logical reasoning and analytical ability</li>
<li>Decision making and problem solving</li>
<li>General mental ability</li>
<li>Basic numeracy (numbers and their relations, orders of magnitude (etc.) (Class X level), Data interpretation (charts, graphs, tables, data sufficiency etc. Class X level)</li>
<li>Knowledge of Hindi Language (Class X level)</li>
<li>Knowledge of Chhattisgarhi Language</li>
</ul>
<p>Knowledge of Hindi Language and Chhattisgarhi Language will be tested in Hindi and Chhattisgarhi Language only, without providing translation.</p>
<p></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">STATE SERVICE MAINS EXAMINATION</span></p>
<h2>Question Paper &ndash; 1 Language</h2>
<p><em><strong>(Marks: 200, Duration: 3 hours)</strong></em></p>
<h3>Part 01&ndash;General Hindi</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Hindi Comprehension,</li>
<li>Precis writing</li>
<li>Synonyms and Antonyms</li>
<li>Homophones</li>
<li>One word for several words</li>
<li>Word Correction</li>
<li>Sentence Correction</li>
<li>Same usage and same nature words</li>
<li>Sentence and Correction in framing</li>
<li>Hindi Compound Sentences</li>
<li>Prefix and suffix</li>
<li>Idioms and Phrases</li>
<li>Letter Writing</li>
</ul>
<h3>Part 02&ndash;General English</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Comprehension</li>
<li>Precis Writing</li>
<li>Re-arrangement and Correction of Sentences</li>
<li>Synonyms</li>
<li>Antonyms</li>
<li>Filling the Blanks</li>
<li>Correction of Spellings</li>
<li>Vocabulary and usage</li>
<li>Idioms and Phrases</li>
<li>Tenses</li>
<li>Prepositions</li>
<li>Active Voice and Passive voice</li>
<li>Parts of Speech</li>
</ul>
<h3>Part 03-Chhattisgarhi Language</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Knowledge of Chhattisgarh language</li>
<li>History of Chhattisgarh language</li>
<li>Sentence structure</li>
<li>Grammar</li>
</ul>
<h2>Question Paper &ndash; 2 Essay</h2>
<p><em><strong>(Marks: 200, Duration- 3 hours)</strong></em><br /><br /><span style="font-size: 14px;">Part 01: International and National Issues</span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Candidates will have to write two essays on issues (Reason, present status, including data and solution) from this part. Four problems will be given in this part; the Candidate will have to write two essays on this part about 750-750 words. Each issue in this part will carry 50 marks.</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-size: 14px;">Part II: Chhattisgarh State Issues.</span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Candidates will have to write two essays on issues (Reason, present status, including data and solution) from this part. Four problems will be given in this part; the Candidate will have to write two essays on this part about 750-750 words. Each issue in this part will carry 50 marks</li>
</ul>
<h2>Question Paper &ndash; 3 History, Constitution and Public Administration</h2>
<p><em><strong>(Marks 200, Duration 3 hours)</strong></em></p>
<h3>Part 01&ndash;Histor of India</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Indus Civilization</li>
<li>Vedic Civilization</li>
<li>Jainism and Buddhism</li>
<li>Rise of Magadh Empire</li>
<li>Mauryan Polity and Economy</li>
<li>Gupta Empire</li>
<li>Development of Art</li>
<li>Architecture</li>
<li>Literature &amp; Science In Gupta- Vakataka Period</li>
<li>Bhakti Movement</li>
<li>Sufism</li>
<li>Growth of Literature in regional Languages</li>
<li>Vijayanagar Kingdom</li>
<li>Rise of Marathas</li>
<li>Advent of Europeans and factors leading to the British Supremacy</li>
<li>Expansion of British Empire- Wars and diplomacy</li>
<li>Rural Economy-Agriculture</li>
<li>Land Revenue Systems - Permanent Settlement, Ryotwari, Mahalwari, Decline of handicrafts, Relation of East India Company with States, Changes in Administrative Structure, Urban Economy after 1858, Development of Railways, Industrialization</li>
<li>Constitutional Development</li>
<li>Rise of Nationalism</li>
<li>The Revolt of 1857</li>
<li>Establishment of Indian National Congress</li>
<li>Partition of Bengal and Swadeshi Movement</li>
<li>Rise and Growth of Communalism</li>
<li>Revolutionary Movements</li>
<li>Home Rule Movement</li>
<li>Gandhian Movements</li>
<li>Workers, Peasant and Tribal Movements</li>
<li>Quit India Movement</li>
<li>Indian National Army</li>
<li>Independence and Partition of India</li>
<li>Merger of States</li>
<li>Socio - Religious Reform Movements - Brahmo Samaj, Arya Samaj, Prarthana Samaj, Ramakrishna Mission</li>
</ul>
<h3>Part 02-Constitution &amp; Public Administration</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Constitutional Development of India (1773-1950), Formation of the Constitution and Salient Features, Preamble, Nature of the Constitution.</li>
<li>Fundamental Rights and Duties.</li>
<li>Directive Principles of State Policy.</li>
<li>Union Executive, Legislative and Judiciary.</li>
<li>Right to Constitutional Remedies, Public Interest Litigation, Judicial Activism, Judicial Review.</li>
<li>Attorney General.</li>
<li>State Executive, Legislature and Judiciary, Advocate General.</li>
<li>Centre-State Relationship- Legislative, Executive and Financial.</li>
<li>All India Services. Union and State Public Service Commission.</li>
<li>Emergency Provisions, Constitutional Amendments.</li>
<li>Concept of Basic Structure.</li>
<li>Govt. of Chhattisgarh -Legislative, Executive and Judiciary.</li>
<li>Public Administration- meaning, scope, nature and importance.
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Public Administration and Private Administration under Liberalizations.</li>
<li>New Public Administration, Development Administration and Comparative Administration.</li>
<li>New dimensions in Public Administration.</li>
<li>State vs. Market.</li>
<li>Rule of Law.</li>
<li>Organisation- Principles, approaches and structure. Management- Leadership, Policy determination, Decision making.</li>
<li>Instruments of Administrative Management- Co-ordination, Delegation, Communication, Observation and Motivation.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Administrative Reforms.</li>
<li>Good Governance, E-Governance.</li>
<li>Bureaucracy.</li>
<li>District Administration.</li>
<li>Control on Administration in India - Parliamentary, Financial Judicial and Executive.</li>
<li>Lokpal and Lok Ayukta.</li>
<li>Right to lnformation.</li>
<li>Panchayats and Municipalities.</li>
<li>Parliamentary- Presidential, Unitary-Federal Government.</li>
<li>Theory of Separation of Powers. Administrative Structure of Chhattisgrah.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Part 03&ndash;&nbsp;History of Chhattisgarh and Contribution of Chhattisgarh in National Movement</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Prehistoric age, history of Chhattisgarh from Vedic age to Gupta Period</li>
<li>Major dynasties like Rajarshi Tulya Kula, Nala, Sharabhpuriyas, Pandu, Somvanshiya</li>
<li>The Kalachuris and their Administration, Chhattisgarh under the Marathas, Former princely states of Chhattisgarh and<br />Zamindaris, British Rule in Chhattisgarh, Feudatory States, Revolt of 1857, Freedom Movement in Chhattisgarh, Workers, Peasant and Tribal Movements, Constitution of Chhattisgarh State.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Question Paper &ndash; 4 Science, Technology and Environment</h2>
<p><em><strong>(Marks 200, Duration 3 hours)</strong></em></p>
<h3>Part 01-General Science</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Chemistry</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Rate of chemical reaction and chemical equilibrium - Preliminary knowledge of rate of chemical reaction.</li>
<li>Fast and slow chemical Reversible and irreversible chemical reactions. Reversible reaction and dynamic nature of equilibrium.</li>
<li>Acids and bases.</li>
<li>pH scale [simple numerical questions).</li>
<li>Exothermic and endothermic reactions.</li>
<li>Some important chemical compounds - properties and uses. Method of production manufacture [water, washing soda, baking soda bleaching powder and plaster of Paris].</li>
<li>Preparation of building material-lime cement glass and steel.</li>
<li>Metals - Position of metals in the periodic table and general properties.</li>
<li>Mineral ore, Difference between mineral and ore.</li>
<li>Metallurgy-concentration, roasting, smelting, refining of ores.</li>
<li>Metallurgy of copper and Iron.</li>
<li>Corrosion of metals.</li>
<li>Alloys</li>
<li>Nonmetals - Position of nonmetals in the periodic table.</li>
<li>Preparation properties and uses of Hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen.</li>
<li>Some important organic compounds - laboratory method of preparing alcohol and acetic acid, properties and uses some general artificial polymers, polythene, polyvinyl chloride.</li>
<li>Teflon soap and detergents.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Physics</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Source of Energy - Conventional and new sources of energy, source of solar energy, causes of origin of energy in the Sun, solar heating devices, solar cooker solar cell, wind energy, biogas, fossil fuels, ideal fuel properties of ideal fuel.</li>
<li>Nuclear energy, nuclear Fission, Fusion, chain reaction, nuclear reactor, uses and harms of nuclear energy.</li>
<li>General information about CREDA. Light - nature of light reflection of light, laws of reflection, reflection from plane and curved surface, image formation by plane convex and concave mirror, relation between focal length and radius of curvature, determination of focal length of concave mirror by single pin method.</li>
<li>Relation between u-v-f numerical examples; Refraction of light - laws of refraction, refraction by glass slab, critical angle, total internal reflection, use of total internal reflection in daily life.</li>
<li>Lens (converging and diverging lens).</li>
<li>Definition focal length optical centre image formation by lens.</li>
<li>Human eye, its defects and remedies.</li>
<li>Comparison between photographic camera and human eye.</li>
<li>Simple telescope and astronomical telescope.</li>
<li>Construction working, uses, ray diagram [no formula derivation].</li>
<li>Electricity and its effects - electric intensity, potential, potential difference, electric current Ohm&rsquo;s law.</li>
<li>Resistance specific resistance, influencing factors, combination of resistance and related numerical examples thermal effect of current it&rsquo;s use, calculation of power and electrical energy spent. (numerical) precautions observed in electric experiments.</li>
<li>Chemical effects of electric current.</li>
<li>Primary and secondary cells their properties and drawback.</li>
<li>Leclanche cell, dry cell, lead accumulator cell, construction.</li>
<li>Magnetic effect of current - Magnetic effect of current, Oersted experiment, electromagnetic induction, electric motor, working principle and use of generator, general studies of alternating current and direct current, electric discharge in gases, discharge tube, cathode rays, X-rays and their properties.</li>
<li>Magnetism - Magnet and its types artificial magnet, methods of preparing magnets, molecular theory of magnetism, demagnetization, magnetic keepers, magnetic lines of force and their properties.</li>
<li>Plotting the lines of force Terrestrial magnetism, magnetic storm. Magnetic meridian geographical meridiaan, relation between VHI and &theta;</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Biology</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Animal nutrition - Types of nutrition, Autotrophic Nutrition, heterotrophic Nutrition, Holozoic, Parasitic, Saprophytic, symbiotic, Insectivorous.</li>
<li>Important terms of nutrition process.</li>
<li>Digestion in unicellular cell animal [amoeba] and multicellular animal grasshopper.</li>
<li>Human digestive system and digestive process.</li>
<li>Photosynthesis, main steps of the process.</li>
<li>light reaction and dark reaction.</li>
<li>Factors influencing Photosynthesis.</li>
<li>Experiments related to photosynthesis.</li>
<li>Respiration - Definition, respiratory organs of animals breathing and respiration, Types of respiration, Aerobic and anaerobic respiration, respiratory system of human being and mechanism of respiration [general information], respiratory quotient [RQ] of carbohydrate, fat and protein.</li>
<li>Transport of mineral and water in plants and animals [in context of human being] Composition And function of blood, structure and working of heart, structure and function of blood vessels [preliminary knowledge] coagulation of blood, blood group, blood transfusion, blood bank, function of lymph system. diseases related to heart.</li>
<li>Excretion - excretion in plants and excretory product. Excretion in animal and excretory organs.</li>
<li>Excretion system of man and excretion process [general information] artificial kidney dialysis.</li>
<li>Osmoregulation.</li>
<li>Diseases related to kidney.</li>
<li>Control and coordination - coordination in plants and animal Phytohormones.</li>
<li>Nervous system of human being.</li>
<li>Structure and function of human Brain and spinal cord, reflex action, endocrine glands hormone and their function.</li>
<li>Reproduction and growth - type of reproduction Asexual reproduction fission, budding, regeneration, vegetative reproduction, layering, cutting, grafting, Parthenogenesis, sexual reproduction in plants, structure of flower and reproduction process [general information] pollination fertilization.</li>
<li>Human reproductive system and reproduction process.</li>
<li>Heredity and evolution - heredity and variation. Basis of heredity chromosome and DNA [preliminary information] gene.</li>
<li>sex determination preliminary knowledge of organic evolution [Oparin&rsquo;s theory only].</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Part 02-Aptitude Test, Logical Reasoning, Mental Ability</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of rational numbers. Finding the rational number between two rational numbers. Ratio and Proportion - definition, properties, atemendo, invertendo, componendo etc. and their uses.</li>
<li>Commercial Mathematics - Banking, calculation of interest on/in savings account, fixed deposit account and recurring deposit account.</li>
<li>Calculation of income tax (for salaried person and excluding house rent allowance).</li>
<li>Factorization, LCM, HCF. Vedic Mathematis- addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and checking the answer through bijank. Square, square roots, cube, cube roots, vinculam and its application. The application of vedic mathematics methods in algebra etc.</li>
<li>Introduction and creativity of Indian Mathematician - in reference with Aryabhata, Yaraha mihira, Brahma gupta, Bhaskaracharya, Shrinivas Ramanujan. Mathematical operations, Basic numeracy (numbers and their relations, order of magnitudes etc.). Data interpretation (charts, graphs, tables, data sufficiency etc.) and analysis of data. Arithmetic mean, Median, Mode, Probability. Question related to addition and multiplication theorem on probability.</li>
<li>Applied mathematics - Profit and Loss, Percentage, lnterest and Averages.</li>
<li>Time, speed, distance, river and boat.</li>
<li>Analog Test, Odd word, Odd pair of words, Coding &amp; Decoding Test, Relation Test, Alphabet Test, Mathematical Operations, Logical analysis of words, Inserting the missing number or word, Assertion and Reason, Situation reaction test, Figure series, Deletion of elements, General Mental ability.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Part 03-Applied and Behavioural Science</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Role of Information Technology in Rural India, basic knowledge of computer, computers in communication and broadcasting, software development for economic growth. Broad applications of IT.</li>
<li>Energy Resources: Demand of Energy, renewable and nonrenewable energy resources of energy, the development and utilization of nuclear energy in the country.</li>
<li>Science &amp; Technology developments in India in present, origin of agriculture, Progress of Agricultural Science and its impact, Crop science in India, Fertilizer, Control of pests and disease scenario in lndia.</li>
<li>Bio-diversity and its conservation - General introduction - defination, species and genetic diversity, Bio-geographical classification of India, lmportance of Bio-Diversity.</li>
<li>Constructive and Distructive application, Importance of social, moral and alternative vision, Global, National and Local level Bio-diversity, India as a mega biodiversity nation, Hotspots of Biodiversity, threats to biodiversity, loss of habitat, damage to wildlife, humans and wild animals conflict, lndia's threatened,endangered and endamic species, Conservation of bio-diversity.</li>
<li>Topological and Nontopological conservation.</li>
<li>Enviromental pollution - Causes, effect and control measures- Air pollution, water pollution, marine pollution, soil pollution, sound/noise pollution, thermal pollution, nuclear pollution.</li>
<li>Solid waste managment - Urban and Industrial solid waste management: Causes, effect and control, Human role in pollution control.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Question Paper &ndash; 05 Economics and Geography</h2>
<p><em><strong>(Marks 200, Duration 3 hours)</strong></em></p>
<h3>Part 01 &ndash; Economics of India and Chhattisgarh</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>National and per capita Income, Economic Reforms, Monetary Policy, Literacy and Occupational Structure, Rural Development, Budgetary Policy, Structure and Growth of Cooperatives, Child Labour and Women Empowerment.</li>
<li>In Reference with C.G. -
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Demographic features and social backwardness of the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Backward<br />classes and Minorities.</li>
<li>Literacy and occupationalstructure, changes in the sectoral distribution of income<br />and employment.</li>
<li>Socio, Political and Economic empowerment of Women. Child Labour problem.</li>
<li>Rural Development, State Finance and Budgetary policy- Tax structure, Sharing in Central Taxes, Expenditure<br />pattern in Revenue and Capital Account as well as plan and non-plan expenditure.</li>
<li>Public Debt composition- Internal and External Debt including World Bank loans, Institutional and non-institutional<br />sources of Rural Credit in Chhattisgarh. Structure and growth of Co-operatives and their shares in total<br />credit, adequacy and problems.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Part 02 &ndash; Geography of India</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Physical features of India, location &amp; extension, Geological Structure, Physical Divisions, Drainage System, Climate, soil, Vegetation and impoftance of forest, Indian forest policy, Forest conservation, Human Characteristics - Population, Census, Population Growth, Density and Distribution.</li>
<li>Birth rate, Mortality rate, Infant Mortality rate, Migration, Literacy, Occupational Structure, Urbanization.</li>
<li>Agriculture - Characteristics of Indian agriculture, Agricultural food Crops, Cereal, pulses, Oilseeds and other crops, Production and distribution, mean of irrigation and its importance, Modemization of agriculture, problems of agriculture and planning, Irrigation multipurpose projects, Green revolution, white revolution, Blue revolution.</li>
<li>Mineral resources- mineral storage, production and distribution of mineral.</li>
<li>Energy resources- coal, Petroleum, thermal power energy, nuclear energy, non conventional sources of energy.</li>
<li>Industries- development and structure of industries in India, large Scale medium, small and smallest scale, agriculture, forest and mineral based industries.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Part 03 &ndash; Geography of Chhattisgarh</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Physical features of Chhattisgarh, location &amp; extension, Geological Structure, Physical Divisions, Drainage System, Climate, soil, Vegetation and wild life, importance of forest, wild life management system, national parks and sanctuaries, State forest policy, Forest conservation.</li>
<li>Human Characteristics - Population, Population Growth, Density and Distribution. Birlh rate, Mortality rate, Infant Mortality rate, Migration, Sex ratio, age group, schedule caste population Literacy, Occupational Structure, Urbanization, family welfare programs,.</li>
<li>Agriculture -Agricultural food Crops, Cereal, pulses, Oilseeds and other crops, Production and distribution, mean of irrigation and its importance, important irrigation projects, problem of agriculture and state scheme for farmers benefits.</li>
<li>Mineral resources- various types mineral storage in Chhattisgarh, production and distribution of mineral.</li>
<li>Energy resources- coal, Thermal power energy, non conventional sources of energy.</li>
<li>Industries- development and structure ofindustries in Chhattisgarh, large Scale medium, small and smallest scale, agricultural, forest and mineral based industries, mean of transportation and tourism.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Question Paper &ndash; 06 Philosophy and Sociology</h2>
<p><em><strong>(Marks 200, Duration 3 hours)</strong></em></p>
<h3>Part 01-Philosophy</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Nature of Philosophy, its relationship between religion and culture, difference between lndian and<br />western Philosophy.</li>
<li>Veda and upanishada-Brahman, Atman, Rit, Philosophy of Gita - Sthitpragya, Swadharma, Karmayoga, Philosophy of Charvaka-Epistemology, Metaphysics, Hedonism' Philosophy of Jain - Nature of Jiva, Anekantvada, Syadavada, Panchamahavrata, Philosophy of Buddha pratityasamutpada, Ashtanga Marg, Anatmavada, Kshanikvada, Philosophy of Samkhya - Satkaryavada' nature of prakriti and purusha, vikasavada.</li>
<li>Philosophy of Yoga - Ashtanga Yoga, Philosophy of Nyaya - prama, Aprama, Asatkaryavada, Philosophy of Vaisheshika - Parmanuvada, Philosophy of Mimamsa - Dharma, Theory of Apurva, Philosophy of Advaita Vedanta- Brahman, Maya, Jagat, Moksha' Kautilya -Theory of Saptanga, theory of Mandal, Gurunanak.</li>
<li>Social-ethical philosophy, Guru Ghasidas - Characteristics of Satnam pantha, Vallabhacharya - Pushtimarga, Swami Vivekananda - Practical Vedanta, Universal Religion, Sri Aurbindo - intergral yoga, supermind Mahatma Gandhi- Ahinsa' Satyagraha, elevan vows, Bhimrao Ambedkar.</li>
<li>Social Thought, Deendayal Upadhyay - Ekatma manav darshan, Plato - virtus, Aristotle.</li>
<li>Theory of causation, Saint Anselm - ontological argument for the existance of God.</li>
<li>Descaftes - method of doubt, I think therefore I am, Spinoza - Substance' Pantheism' Leibnitz - theory of Monad, Theory of Pre - stablished harmony, Locke - epistemology' Berkeley - esseest percipii, Hume - Scepticism, Kant - criticism, Hegel - Phenomenology and spirit, dialectical Idealism'' Bradley - Idealisrn. Moore - Realism, A.J. Ayar - verification theory, John dewey - Pragmatism, Saftre -Existentialism, Meaning of Religion, Nature of Philosophy of Religion, Religious tolerance' secularism' problem of evil.</li>
<li>Ethical Values and ethical Dilemma, ethical elements in Administration- Honesty' Responsibility, Transparency, code of conduct for Public Servants.</li>
<li>Corruption - Meaning, Types, cause and Effect, Efforts to remove corruption.</li>
<li>Relevence of whistle-blower.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Part 02-Sociology</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Sociology- Meaning, Scope and nature, Importance of its str-rdy. Relation with other Social Sciences.</li>
<li>Primary Concepts - Society, Community, Association, lnstitution, Social group' Folkways and Mores.</li>
<li>Individual and Society - Social interactions, Status and role, culture and Personality' Sociolization.</li>
<li>Hindu Social organization - Religion, Asharrn, Varna, Purusharth. Social Stratification - caste and class.</li>
<li>Social Processes - Social Interaction, co-operation, Struggle, competition.</li>
<li>Social control and Social change - sources and agencies of Social control, Processes and factors of Social change.</li>
<li>India, Social Problems, Social disorganization-Anomie and Alienation.</li>
<li>Inequality' Social Research and Techniques - objective of Social Research, Use of scientific method to study of Social<br />phenomena, problems of objectivity.</li>
<li>Tools and techniques of data collection- Observation, Interview' Questionnaire, Schedule.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Part 03-Social Aspect of Chhattisgarh</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Tribal social-'organization: Mirriage, Family, CIan, youth dormitories.</li>
<li>Tribal Development:History, programmes and policies, The Constitutional System, Special Primitive Tribes of Chhattisgarh'<br />other Tribes, Schedule cast and other Backword class of chhattisgarh.</li>
<li>Main ornaments popular in tribes of chhattisgarh, Special traditions.</li>
<li>Tribal Problems : lsolation Migration and acculturation' Folk arts of chhattisgarh, Folk literature and Prominent Folk Artists of Chhattisgarh, Folk songs of chhattisgarh, Folk legend, Folk theater, Idioms and Proverbs, Puzzlel-riddle, Singing,<br />Literary, Music and Art.</li>
<li>lnstitutions of Chhattisgarh State; Chhattisgarh State awards in these fields' Folk culture of Chhattisgarh, Major Fairs and Festivals of Chhattisgarh. Protected Archaeological monuments' sites and excavated sites in State.</li>
<li>Tourism places marked by chhattisgarh Govt, National Parks' Sanctuaries and Waterfalls and caves of Bastar, Major sants of Chhattisgarh.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Question Paper &ndash; 07 Welfare, Development Programme &amp; Laws</h2>
<p><em><strong>(Marks 200, Duration 3 hours)</strong></em></p>
<h3>Part 01-Welfare, Development Programme &amp; Laws</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Social and Important Legislation - Indian Society, Social legislation as a form of a mean of social<br />transform. Human Rights proctection Legislation 1993, Protection granted to Females (cRPc) under<br />Indian Constitution &amp; Criminal Law (Penal Code).</li>
<li>Protection Act 2005 to Females from Domestic violation, civil Rights protection Act 1955, Scheduled castes and Scheduled rribes Attrocity Protection Law 1989, Right to lnformation Act 2005, Environment Protection Act 1986, Consumer Protection Act<br />1986, Information Technology Act 2000, curruption Prevention Act 1988.</li>
<li>In Reference to chhattigarh: customary various Laws and Acts in chhattisgarh and their welfare and developmental impact on residents of Chhattisgarh.</li>
<li>Welfare Schemes of Chhattisgarh Government: Customary welfare, People-oriented and Importanl<br />Schemes introduced in various times by Chhattisgarh Government.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Part 02&ndash;International &amp; National Sports, Events &amp; organisation</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>United Nations and its Associated Organizations. International Monetary Fr-rnd, World Bank and Asian<br />Bank, SAARC, BRICS, Other Bilateral and Regional Groups, World Trade Organization and its impact<br />on India. National and lnternational Sports and Competetion.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Part 03-International &amp; National Educational Institute &amp; their Role of Human Development</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Availability of Skilled Human Resource, Employability and Productivity of Human Resources, Institutions and Councils in Human Resources Development, Higher Education and Technical Education, Vocational Education</li>
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		'title' => 'UPPCS Mains Study Material',
		'description' => '<div class="benefits-material">
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<li>The programme extensively covers all the relevant NCERTs, standard reference books, magazines and journals that are indispensible for the UPPCS Mains examination preparation.</li>
<li>The GS content pertaining specifically to Uttar Pradesh has been provided at relevant places across different booklets.</li>
<li>These booklets have been prepared in simple and crisp language that is easy to comprehend and retain.</li>
<li>The course follows a spaced learning approach &amp; is scientifically designed to cater to the evolving demands of the UPPCS Mains examination.</li>
<li>One stop solution to crack the exam and obliterate the need to consult any other material.</li>
<li>Free 6 Months subscription of "Drishti Current Affairs Today" magazine for comprehensive coverage of current affairs.</li>
<li>One-to-One interaction for doubt clearance that includes guidance and support through e-mail.</li>
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<div class="tag"><strong>1<sup>st</sup></strong> Pack</div>
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<li>Modern Indian History &amp; Freedom Struggle<a target="_blank" href="/images/dlp-demo/uppsc/mains/gs-pack-1/Modern-Indian-History-&amp;-Freedom-Struggle.pdf" rel="noopener" class="download-list">Download Demo</a></li>
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<li>Gist of Economic Survey &amp; Budget<a target="_blank" href="/images/dlp-demo/uppsc/mains/gs-pack-1/Gist-of-Economic-Survey-Budget-&amp;-Govt-Schemes.pdf" rel="noopener" class="download-list">Download Demo</a></li>
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<li>Indian Geography<a target="_blank" href="/images/dlp-demo/uppsc/mains/gs-pack-2/Indian-Geography.pdf" rel="noopener" class="download-list">Download Demo</a></li>
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		'article_id' => (int) 189,
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		'title' => 'General Studies-IV',
		'description' => '<h3>Ethics, Integrity <g class="gr_ gr_25 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="25" data-gr-id="25">and</g> Aptitude</h3>
<p><em>This paper will include questions to test the candidates&rsquo; attitude and approach to issues relating to integrity, probity in public life and his problem solving approach to various issues and conflicts faced by him in dealing with society. Questions may utilise the case study approach to determine these aspects. The following broad areas will be covered:</em></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, Determinants <g class="gr_ gr_26 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="26" data-gr-id="26">and</g> Consequences of Ethics in - Human Actions; Dimensions of Ethics; Ethics - in Private and Public Relationships. Human Values - Lessons from the Lives and Teachings of Great Leaders, Reformers <g class="gr_ gr_27 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="27" data-gr-id="27">and</g> Administrators; Role of Family Society and Educational Institutions in Inculcating Values.</li>
<li>Attitude: Content, Structure, Function; its Influence and Relation with Thought and Behaviour; Moral and Political Attitudes; Social Influence and Persuasion.</li>
<li>Aptitude and Foundational Values for Civil Service, Integrity, Impartiality <g class="gr_ gr_24 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="24" data-gr-id="24">and</g> Non-partisanship, Objectivity, Dedication to Public Service, Empathy, Tolerance and Compassion towards the weaker-sections.</li>
<li>Emotional Intelligence-Concepts, and their Utilities and Application in Administration and Governance.</li>
<li>Contributions of Moral Thinkers and Philosophers from India and World.</li>
<li>Public/Civil Service Values and Ethics in Public Administration: Status and Problems; Ethical Concerns and Dilemmas in Government and Private Institutions; Laws, Rules, Regulations and Conscience as Sources of Ethical Guidance; Accountability and Ethical Governance; Strengthening of Ethical and Moral Values in Governance; Ethical Issues in International Relations and Funding; Corporate Governance.</li>
<li>Probity in Governance: Concept of Public Service; Philosophical Basis of Governance and Probity; Information Sharing and Transparency in Government, Right to Information, Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct, Citizen&rsquo;s Charters, Work Culture, Quality of Service Delivery, Utilization of Public Funds, Challenges of Corruption.</li>
<li>Case Studies on <g class="gr_ gr_22 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Grammar only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="22" data-gr-id="22">above</g> issues.</li>
</ul>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 188,
		'category_id' => (int) 9,
		'title' => 'General Studies-III',
		'description' => '<h3>(Technology, Economic Development, Bio-diversity, Environment, Security and Disaster Management)</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Indian Economy and issues relating to Planning, Mobilization of Resources, Growth, Development <g class="gr_ gr_50 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="50" data-gr-id="50">and</g> Employment.</li>
<li>Inclusive Growth and issues arising from it.</li>
<li>Government Budgeting.</li>
<li>Major Crops - Cropping Patterns in various parts of the country, - Different Types of Irrigation and Irrigation Systems; Storage, Transport <g class="gr_ gr_51 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="51" data-gr-id="51">and</g> Marketing of Agricultural Produce and Issues and Related Constraints; E-technology in the aid of farmers.</li>
<li>Issues related to Direct and Indirect Farm Subsidies and Minimum Support Prices; Public Distribution System - Objectives, Functioning, Limitations, Revamping; Issues of Buffer Stocks and Food Security; Technology Missions; Economics of Animal-Rearing.</li>
<li>Food Processing and Related Industries in India- Scope&rsquo; and Significance, Location, Upstream <g class="gr_ gr_47 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="47" data-gr-id="47">and</g> Downstream Requirements, Supply Chain Management.</li>
<li>Land Reforms in India.</li>
<li>Effects of Liberalization on the Economy, Changes in Industrial Policy and their Effects on Industrial Growth.</li>
<li>Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.</li>
<li>Investment Models.</li>
<li>Science and Technology- Developments and their Applications and Effects in Everyday Life.</li>
<li>Achievements of Indians in Science &amp; Technology; Indigenization of Technology and Developing New Technology.</li>
<li>Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, Robotics, Nano-technology, <g class="gr_ gr_43 gr-alert gr_spell gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim ContextualSpelling ins-del" id="43" data-gr-id="43">Bio-technology</g> <g class="gr_ gr_44 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="44" data-gr-id="44">and</g> issues relating to Intellectual Property Rights.</li>
<li>Conservation, Environmental Pollution and Degradation, Environmental Impact Assessment.</li>
<li>Disaster and Disaster Management.</li>
<li>Linkages between Development and Spread of Extremism.</li>
<li>Role of External State and Non-state Actors in creating challenges to Internal Security.</li>
<li>Challenges to Internal Security through Communication Networks, Role of Media and Social Networking Sites in Internal Security Challenges, Basics of Cyber Security; Money-Laundering and its prevention.</li>
<li>Security Challenges and their Management in Border Areas - Linkages of Organized Crime with Terrorism.</li>
<li>Various Security Forces and Agencies and their Mandate.</li>
</ul>
<h1 style="text-align: center;">ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT<br /><br /></h1>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #008b8b;">
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; height: 19px;"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Indian Economy &amp; Issues Relating to Planning, Mobilization of Resources, Growth, Development &amp; Employment</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 617px;">
<td style="height: 617px; vertical-align: top;">
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Planning</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Meaning of Planning</li>
<li>Need for Planning in Economic Development</li>
<li>Imperative Vs. Indicative Vs. Structural Planning</li>
<li>Objectives of Planning</li>
<li>Indian Planning History</li>
<li>Techniques of Indian Planning</li>
<li>Achievements &amp; Failures of Indian Planning</li>
<li>Shortcomings of Planning in India</li>
<li>NITI Aayog Vs. Planning Commission</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Mobilisation of Resources</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Types of Resources &ndash; Financial, Human, Natural etc.</li>
<li>Need for Resource Mobilisation</li>
<li>Role of Savings &amp; Investment</li>
<li>Government Resources &ndash; Tax &amp; Non-Tax ( or Fiscal &amp; Monetary Policy)</li>
<li>Banking Sector &amp; NBFCs</li>
<li>Capital Market</li>
<li>External Sources &ndash; FDI, ODA etc.</li>
<li>Public Borrowing &amp; Management of Public Debt</li>
<li>Challenges in Mobilising Resources for Development</li>
<li>Steps That Can Be Taken</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Growth &amp; Development</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Meaning of Development &amp; Growth</li>
<li>Difference between Development &amp; Growth</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 617px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Determinants of Growth &amp; Development</li>
<li>Importance &amp; Limitations of Economic Growth</li>
<li>Jobless Growth</li>
<li>Pro-Poor Growth</li>
<li>Balanced &amp; Unbalanced Growth</li>
<li>Dimensions of Development</li>
<li>Measurement &amp; Indicators of Development</li>
<li>Approaches to Development:
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Market-Based Approach</li>
<li>Role of State and Planned Approach</li>
<li>Mixed Economy Approach</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Challenges to Development &amp; Growth</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Employment</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Nature &ndash; Rural vs. Urban, Formal Vs. Informal</li>
<li>Terms Related to Employment &ndash; Labour Force Participation Rate, Employment Rate, Working Age Population etc.</li>
<li>Sectoral Distribution of Employment</li>
<li>Quality of Employment</li>
<li>Causes of Lack of Employment</li>
<li>Restructuring of Workforce</li>
<li>Government Initiatives for Generating Employment</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #008b8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px; width: 99.9602%;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Inclusive Growth &amp; Issues Arising From It</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 10px;">
<td style="height: 10px; vertical-align: top; width: 49.9602%;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>What is Inclusive Growth?</li>
<li>Elements of Inclusive Growth</li>
<li>Need for Inclusive Growth</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 10px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Indicators of Inclusive Growth</li>
<li>Challenges in Achieveing Inclusive Growth in India</li>
<li>12<sup>th</sup> FYP &amp; Inclusive Growth</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #008b8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; width: 100%; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong> Government Budgeting</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 10px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 10px; vertical-align: top;">
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Need for Government Budgeting </strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Components of the Government Budget</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Revenue Account &ndash; Revenue Receipts &amp; Revenue Expenditure</li>
<li>Capital Account &ndash; Capital Receipts &amp; Capital Expenditure</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Changes in Budgetary Process in 2017</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Measures of Government Deficit</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Revenue Deficit</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 10px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Fiscal Deficit</li>
<li>Primary Deficit</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Fiscal Policy</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Deficit Reduction</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>FRBM Act</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Other Types of Budgets &ndash; Outcome, Zero-Based, etc.</strong></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #008b8b;">
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; height: 19px;"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Land Reforms in India</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 111px;">
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 111px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Rationale for Land Reforms</li>
<li>Components of Land Reforms</li>
<li>Impact of Land Reforms</li>
<li>Problems in Implementaion of Land Reforms</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 111px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Success of Land Reforms</li>
<li>Recent Initiatives - Land Leasing, Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation &amp; Resettlement Act, etc.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #008b8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Effects of Liberalization on the Economy</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 45px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 45px;">
<p>Phase of Liberalisation</p>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 45px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Impact on Different Sectors of the Economy</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #008b8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Changes In Industrial Policy &amp; their Effects on Industrial Growth</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 91px;">
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 91px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Industrial Policy Before 1991</li>
<li>Industrial Policy After 1991</li>
<li>Phases of Industrial Growth</li>
<li>Linkage Between Economic Reforms and Economic Outcomes</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 91px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Weaknesses and Failures of Industrial Policies</li>
<li>National Manufacturing Policy</li>
<li>SEZs</li>
<li>Make in India</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #008b8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong> Infrastructure</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 10px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 10px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Energy</li>
<li>Ports</li>
<li>Roads</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 10px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Airports</li>
<li>Railways</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #008b8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong> Investment Models</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 202px;">
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 202px;">
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Need for Investment</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Sources of Investment</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Types of Investment Models</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Domestic Investment Models
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Public Investment Model</li>
<li>Private Investment Model</li>
<li>Public Private Participation Investment Model</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 202px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Foreign Investment Models:
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>FDI</li>
<li>FII, etc.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Sector Specific Investment Models</li>
<li>Cluster Based Investment Models</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Investment Models Followed by India</strong></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h1></h1>
<h1 style="text-align: center;">AGRICULTURE<br /><br /></h1>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #483d8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong> Major Crops Cropping Patterns in Various Parts of the Country</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 19px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Importance of Cropping Pattern</li>
<li>Types of Cropping Pattern</li>
<li>Reasons Why Cropping Pattern Differ</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 19px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Factors Influencing Cropping Pattern</li>
<li>Emerging Trends in Cropping Pattern</li>
<li>Long-Run Effects of Current Trends in Cropping Pattern</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #483d8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Different Types of Irrigation &amp; Irrigation Systems Storage</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 84px;">
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 84px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Modes of Irrigation</li>
<li>Sources of Irrigation</li>
<li>Choosing an Irrigation System</li>
<li>Problems Associated with Irrigation</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 84px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Progress of Irrigation Under Five Year Plans</li>
<li>Environmental Effects of Irrigation</li>
<li>Need for Systemic Irrigation Reforms</li>
<li>Need for a National Water Policy</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #483d8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Transport &amp; Marketing of Agricultural Produce &amp; Issues &amp; Related Constraints</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 105px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 105px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Process of Agricultural Marketing - Marketing Channels, Functionaries, Costs, etc.</li>
<li>Role of FCI</li>
<li>Regulated Markets</li>
<li>Warehousing</li>
<li>Cooperative Marketing</li>
<li>Shortcomings of Current Agricultural Marketing Process</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 105px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>APMCs</li>
<li>National Agricultutral Market (NAM)</li>
<li>Farmer Producer Organisations (FPO)</li>
<li>Contract Farming</li>
<li>Futures Trading in Agricultural Commodities</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #483d8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>E-Technology in the Aid of Farmers, Technology Missions</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 19px;"></td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 19px;"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #483d8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Issues Related to Direct &amp; Indirect Farm Subsidies &amp; Minimum Support Prices</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 59px;">
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 59px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Agricultural Pricing Policy</li>
<li>Rationale for Subsidies</li>
<li>Types of Subsidies</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 59px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Effectiveness, Extent &amp; Problems of Subsisies</li>
<li>Clash with WTO Agreements</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #483d8b;">
<td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Public Distribution System Objectives, Functioning, Limitations, Revamping</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Objectices/Significance</li>
<li>Functioning - Fair Price Shops, FCI, Ration Cards, Aadhar Linking, etc.</li>
<li>Shortcomings or Problems Associated with PDS</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Need to Improve the Working of PDS</li>
<li>Measures to Improve the Loopholes &amp; Lacunaes Associated with PDS</li>
<li>Steps Taken by Governement in this Regard</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #483d8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Issues of Buffer Stocks &amp; Food Security</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 40px;">
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 40px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Buffer Stock &ndash; Objectives &amp; Norms in India</li>
<li>Impact of Government Procurement &amp; Distribution</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 40px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Need for Food Security</li>
<li>NFSM And othe Food Security Realted Government Initiatives</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #483d8b;">
<td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Economics of Animal-Rearing</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 50%;"></td>
<td style="width: 50%;"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #483d8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 18px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Food Processing &amp; Related Industries in India</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 76px;">
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 76px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Scope &amp; Potential in India</li>
<li>Significance</li>
<li>Location</li>
<li>Constraints and Challenges</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 76px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Upstream &amp; Downstream Requirements</li>
<li>Supply Chain Management</li>
<li>Government Policies and Initiatives &ndash; SAMPADA, 12th FYP, etc.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h1></h1>
<h1 style="text-align: center;">SCIENCE &amp; TECHNOLOGY<br /><br /></h1>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #b22222;">
<td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Developments &amp; their Applications &amp; Effects in Everyday Life</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Chemicals in Food</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Artificial Sweetening Agents</li>
<li>Food Preservatives</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Drugs</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Antacid</li>
<li>Antihistamines</li>
<li>Neurologically Active Drugs
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Tranquilizers</li>
<li>Analgesics</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Antimicrobials
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Antibiotics</li>
<li>Antiseptic and Disinfectant</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Anti-Fertility Drugs, etc.</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Cleansing Agents</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Soaps</li>
<li>Synthetic detergents</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Glass</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Water Softener</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Water Purification/Disinfection</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Microwave Oven, etc.</strong></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #b22222;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Achievements of Indians in Science &amp; Technology</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 124px;">
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 124px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman</li>
<li>Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose</li>
<li>Satyendra Nath Bose</li>
<li>Meghnad Saha</li>
<li>Homi Jehangir Bhabha</li>
<li>Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 124px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>A.P.J. Abdul Kalam</li>
<li>Vikram Sarabhai</li>
<li>Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya</li>
<li>Har Gobind Khorana</li>
<li>Tessy Thomas</li>
<li>C.N.R. Rao</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #b22222;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Indigenization of Technology &amp; Developing New Technology</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 10px;">
<td style="vertical-align: top; height: 10px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>IT &amp; Computers</li>
<li>Space</li>
<li>Nanotechnology</li>
<li>Biotechnology</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 10px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Robotics</li>
<li>Defence</li>
<li>Nuclear</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #b22222;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Awareness in Different Fields</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 73px;">
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 73px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>IT &amp; Computers</li>
<li>Space</li>
<li>Nanotechnology</li>
<li>Biotechnology</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 73px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Robotics</li>
<li>Defence</li>
<li>Nuclear</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #b22222;">
<td style="height: 19px; text-align: center;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong> Issues Relating to Intellectual Property Rights</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 18px;">
<td style="height: 18px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Need for Intellectual Property Rights</li>
<li>Types of IPR</li>
<li>IPR Regime in India</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 18px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>International Agreements Related to IPRs</li>
<li>Geographical Indicators</li>
<li>Recent Issues - Evergreening, Compuslory Licensing, Prominent Cases etc.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h1></h1>
<h1 style="text-align: center;">BIODIVERSITY &amp; ENVIRONMENT<br /><br /></h1>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #d2691e;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px; width: 100%;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong> Conservation</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 159px;">
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 159px;">
<p><span style="color: #d2691e;"><strong>What is Biodiversity?</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #d2691e;"><strong>Types of Biodiversity &ndash; Genetic, Species, Ecosystem, etc.</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #d2691e;"><strong>Importance of Biodivesirty &ndash; Ecosystem Services, Bio Resources of Economic Importance, Social Benefits etc.</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #d2691e;"><strong>Resasons for Loss of Biodiversity</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 159px;">
<p><span style="color: #d2691e;"><strong>Conservation</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>In-situ &amp; Ex-Situ</li>
<li>Eco-Sensitive Areas</li>
<li>Ecological Hotspots</li>
<li>National Guidelines, Legislations &amp; Other Programmes.</li>
<li>International Agreements &amp; Groupings</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #d2691e;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Environmental Pollution &amp; Degradation</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 155px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 155px; vertical-align: top;">
<p><span style="color: #d2691e;"><strong>Types of Pollution &amp; Pollutants</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #d2691e;"><strong>Impact of Pollution &amp; Degradation</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Ozone Layer Depletion and Ozone Hole</li>
<li>Greenhouse Gas Effect &amp; Global Warming</li>
<li>Eutrophication</li>
<li>Desertification</li>
<li>Acid Rain</li>
<li>Hazardous Waste, etc.</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 155px; vertical-align: top;">
<p><span style="color: #d2691e;"><strong>Causes/Sources of Pollution &amp; Degradation</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #d2691e;"><strong>Prevention &amp; Control of Pollution &amp; Degradation</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #d2691e;"><strong>National Environment Agencies, Legislations and Policies </strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #d2691e;"><strong>International Environment Agencies &amp; Agreements</strong></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #d2691e;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 57px;">
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 57px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>What is EIA?</li>
<li>Indian Guidelines &amp; Legislations</li>
<li>EIA Process</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 57px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Need &amp; Benefits of EIA</li>
<li>Shortcomings of EIA in India</li>
<li>Measures to Make EIA Effective</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #d2691e;">
<td style="text-align: center; width: 100%;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Disaster Management</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Types of Disasters</li>
<li>Management of Disasters</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Community Level Disaster Management</li>
<li>Governement Initiatives on Disaster Management</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h1 style="text-align: center;"></h1>
<h1 style="text-align: center;">SECURITY<br /><br /></h1>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #808000;">
<td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Linkages Between Development &amp; Spread of Extremism</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Factors Responsible for Spread of Extremism</li>
<li>Steps that State can Taken to Reduce the Spread of Extremism due to Underdevelopment</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 19px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul>
<li>Naxalism</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #808000;">
<td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Role of External State &amp; Non-State Actors in Creating Challenges to Internal Security</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">
<p><span style="color: #808000;"><strong>Threats from Non-State Actors</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>J&amp;K Separatism</li>
<li>Left Wing Extremism</li>
<li>North East Insurgency</li>
<li>Terrorism in Hinterland &amp; Border Areas</li>
<li>Right Wing Terrorism</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #808000;"><strong>Reasons for Spread of Terrorism</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #808000;"><strong>State Sponsored Terrorism</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;">
<p><span style="color: #808000;"><strong>Institutional Framework to Tackle Challenge of Internal Security</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>NIA</li>
<li>NATGRID</li>
<li>MAC</li>
<li>UAPA</li>
<li>TADA</li>
<li>POTA</li>
<li>NCTC</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #808000;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><strong><span style="color: #ffffff;">Challenges to Internal Security Through Communication Networks</span> </strong></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 35px;">
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 35px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Role of Media &amp; Social Networking Sites in Internal Security Challenges</li>
<li>Challenges in Managing Social Media</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 35px;">
<ul>
<li>Steps That can be Taken</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #808000;">
<td style="height: 19px; text-align: center;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Basics of Cyber Security</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 51px;">
<td style="height: 51px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Cyber Security</li>
<li>Threats to Indian Cyber Security</li>
<li>Steps taken by India</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 51px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>International Cooperation on Cyber Security</li>
<li>Cyber Warfare</li>
<li>Terms Associated with Cyber Security</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #808000;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><strong><span style="color: #ffffff;">Money-Laundering &amp; its Prevention</span> </strong></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 72px;">
<td style="vertical-align: top; height: 72px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Process of Money Laundering</li>
<li>Impact of Money Laundering</li>
<li>Challenges to Tackle Money Laundering</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 72px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Steps to Counter Money Laundering</li>
<li>Terms Related To Money Laundering</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #808000;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Security Challenges &amp; their Management in Border Areas</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 44px;">
<td style="vertical-align: top; height: 44px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Challenges in Managing Border Security &ndash; Coastal &amp; Terrestrial</li>
<li>Land Boundary Disputes with Neighbours</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 44px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>India's Policy in Border Area Security Management</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #808000;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Linkages of Organized Crime with Terrorism </strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 67px;">
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 67px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Types of Organised Crime</li>
<li>Challenges in Controlling Organised Crime</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 67px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Indian Context &ndash; Link between Organised Crime &amp; Terrorism</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #808000;">
<td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Various Security Forces &amp; Agencies &amp; Their Mandate</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 50%;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Central Armed Police Forces</li>
<li>Central Paramilitary Forces</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Security &amp; Intelligence Agencies &ndash; IB. R&amp;WA, etc.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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		'article_id' => (int) 187,
		'category_id' => (int) 9,
		'title' => 'General Studies-II',
		'description' => '<h3>(Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International Relations)</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Indian Constitution&mdash;Historical Underpinnings, Evolution, Features, Amendments, Significant Provisions <g class="gr_ gr_81 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="81" data-gr-id="81">and</g> Basic Structure.</li>
<li>Functions and Responsibilities of the Union and the States, Issues and Challenges Pertaining to the Federal Structure, Devolution of&nbsp;Powers and Finances up to Local Levels and Challenges Therein.</li>
<li>Separation of Powers between various organs Dispute Redressal Mechanisms and Institutions.</li>
<li>Comparison of the Indian Constitutional Scheme with that of Other Countries.</li>
<li>Parliament and State Legislatures&mdash;Structure, Functioning, Conduct of Business, Powers &amp; Privileges and Issues Arising out of these.</li>
<li>Structure, Organization <g class="gr_ gr_83 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="83" data-gr-id="83">and</g> Functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary&mdash;Ministries and Departments of the Government; Pressure Groups and Formal/Informal Associations and their Role in the Polity.</li>
<li>Salient Features of the Representation of People&rsquo;s Act.</li>
<li>Appointment to various Constitutional Posts, Powers, Functions <g class="gr_ gr_78 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="78" data-gr-id="78">and</g> Responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies.</li>
<li>Statutory, Regulatory and various Quasi-judicial Bodies.</li>
<li>Government Policies and Interventions for Development in various sectors and Issues arising out of their Design and Implementation. <br />Development Processes and the Development Industry &mdash; the Role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders.</li>
<li>Welfare Schemes for Vulnerable Sections of the population by the Centre and States and the Performance of these Schemes; Mechanisms, Laws, Institutions <g class="gr_ gr_70 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="70" data-gr-id="70">and</g> Bodies constituted for the Protection and Betterment of these Vulnerable Sections.</li>
<li>Issues Relating to Development and Management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.</li>
<li>Issues relating to Poverty and Hunger.</li>
<li>Important Aspects of Governance, Transparency <g class="gr_ gr_72 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="72" data-gr-id="72">and</g> Accountability, E-governance- applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential; Citizens Charters, Transparency &amp; Accountability and institutional and other measures.</li>
<li>Role of Civil Services in a Democracy.</li>
<li>India and its Neighborhood- Relations.</li>
<li>Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and Agreements involving India and/or affecting India&rsquo;s interests.</li>
<li>Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India&rsquo;s interests, Indian Diaspora.</li>
<li>Important International Institutions, agencies <g class="gr_ gr_68 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="68" data-gr-id="68">and</g> fora - their Structure, Mandate.</li>
</ul>
<h1 style="text-align: center;">Polity<br /><br /></h1>
<table border="1" style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #008b8b;">
<th style="width: 99.8889%; background-color: #008b8b; height: 19px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;" colspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Indian Constitution</strong></span><span style="color: #ff6600;"><strong></strong></span></p>
</th>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 393px;">
<td width="378" style="width: 53.1111%; height: 393px; vertical-align: top;">
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Historical Underpinning &amp; Evolution</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Regulating Act (1773) to Independence Act (1947)</li>
<li><g class="gr_ gr_73 gr-alert gr_spell gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim ContextualSpelling ins-del multiReplace" id="73" data-gr-id="73">Constituent</g> Assembly</li>
<li>Objective Resolution</li>
<li>Enactment &amp; Enforcement of Constitution</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Features</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Written</li>
<li>Flexible &amp; Rigid</li>
<li>Federal &amp; Unitary</li>
<li>Parliamentary Form of Government (Presidential vs. Parliamentary Type of Government)</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Amendments</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>List of Significant <g class="gr_ gr_74 gr-alert gr_spell gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim ContextualSpelling ins-del multiReplace" id="74" data-gr-id="74">Amendments</g> &amp; Their Provisions</li>
<li>Procedure for Amending Constitution</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 46.7778%; height: 393px; vertical-align: top;">
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Significant Provisions</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Fundamental Rights</li>
<li><g class="gr_ gr_79 gr-alert gr_spell gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim ContextualSpelling ins-del multiReplace" id="79" data-gr-id="79">Directive</g> Principles of State Policy</li>
<li>Judicial Review</li>
<li>Universal Adult Franchise</li>
<li>Single Citizenship</li>
<li>Separation of Powers</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Basic Structure</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Doctrine</li>
<li>Judgments &amp; Cases</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #008b8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Functions &amp; Responsibilities of the Union and the States</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 67px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 67px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>7<sup>th</sup> Schedule</li>
<li>Legislative Functions</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 67px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Financial Functions</li>
<li>Administrative &amp; Quasi-Judicial Functions</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 16px; background-color: #008b8b;">
<td style="width: 100%; height: 16px; text-align: center;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Issues &amp; Challenges Pertaining to the Federal Structure</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 19px; vertical-align: top;">
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Federal Structure in India - Is India truly Federal?</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Cooperative &amp; Competitive Federalism</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Centre-State Relations</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Legislative Relations</li>
<li>Administrative Relations</li>
<li>Financial Relations</li>
<li>Trends in Centre-State Relations</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Inter-State Relations</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Inter-state Water Disputes</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 19px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Inter-State Councils</li>
<li>Public Acts, Records and Judicial Proceedings</li>
<li>Inter-State Trade and Commerce</li>
<li>Zonal Councils</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Emergency Provisions</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Role of Governor</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Reports of Various Commissions</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>2nd ARC, Punchhi, Sarkaria, etc.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #008b8b;">
<td style="width: 50%; text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Devolution of Powers &amp; Finances to Local Levels &amp; Challenges Therein</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 19px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Role of State Government</li>
<li>Role of State Finance Commission</li>
<li>11<sup>th</sup> &amp; 12<sup>th</sup> Schedule</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 19px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Reasons for Ineffective Performance</li>
<li>Panchayat Devolution Index ( NITI Aayog)</li>
<li>Steps That Can Be Taken to Improve Their Performance</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #008b8b;">
<td style="height: 19px; text-align: center;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Separation of Powers Between Various Organs</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 72px;">
<td style="height: 72px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Doctrine of Separation of Power</li>
<li>Separation of Power in Indian Constitution</li>
<li>Doctrine of Checks &amp; Balances</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 72px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Provisions for Checks &amp; Balances in Indian Constitution</li>
<li>Related Judgments - Golaknath case, Kesavananda Bharati, Indira Gandhi Vs Raj Narain, Ram Jawaya vs Punjab</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #008b8b;">
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; height: 19px;"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Dispute Redressal Mechanisms and Institutions</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 34px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 34px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>RTI</li>
<li>PIL</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 34px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Tribunals, etc.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #008b8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Comparison of the Indian Constitutional Scheme With That of Other Countries Parliament &amp; State Legislatures </strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 145px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 145px; vertical-align: top;">
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Structure, Functioning, Conduct of Business, Powers &amp; Privileges</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Written Constitution</li>
<li>Blend of Rigidity and Flexibility</li>
<li>Federal System with Unitary Bias</li>
<li>Parliamentary Form of Government</li>
<li>Synthesis of Parliamentary Sovereignty and Judicial Supremacy</li>
<li>Integrated and Independent Judiciary</li>
<li>Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of State Policy, Fundamental Duties</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 145px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Secular State</li>
<li>Universal Adult Franchise</li>
<li>Single Citizenship</li>
<li>Emergency Provisions</li>
<li>Three-tier Government</li>
<li>Due Process of Law vs. Procedure Established by Law</li>
<li>Impeachment of President, etc.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #008b8b;">
<td style="height: 19px; text-align: center; width: 100%;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Structure, Organization &amp; Functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 19px; vertical-align: top;">
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Executive</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Union:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>President</li>
<li>Prime Minister</li>
<li>Council of Ministers</li>
<li>Cabinet Secretariat</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>State:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Governor</li>
<li>Chief Minister</li>
<li>Council of Ministers</li>
<li>Secretariat</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 19px; vertical-align: top;">
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Judiciary</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Three-Tier Structure</li>
<li>Chief Justice of India</li>
<li>SC &amp; HC Judges</li>
<li>Jurisdiction</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #008b8b;">
<td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Ministries and Departments of the Government</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Cabinet Ministries</li>
<li>Other Ministries</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Parliamentary Secretaries</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #008b8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Pressure Groups &amp; Formal/informal Associations &amp; Their Role in Polity</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 19px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Characteristics of Pressure Groups</li>
<li>Pressure Groups &amp; Political Parties</li>
<li>Pressure Groups &amp; Interest Groups</li>
<li>Types of Pressure Groups</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 19px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Functions, Role &amp; Importance of Pressure Groups</li>
<li>Techniques/Methods of Pressure Groups</li>
<li>Pressure Groups in India</li>
<li>Shortcomings of Pressure Groups</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #008b8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Salient Features of Representation of People's Act</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 19px;"></td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 19px;"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #008b8b;">
<td style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Appointment to Various Constitutional Posts</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 19px; vertical-align: top;">
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Appointment, Powers, Functions &amp; Responsibilities of:</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Election Commission</li>
<li>Union Public Service Commission</li>
<li>State Public Service Commission</li>
<li>Finance Commission</li>
<li>National Commission for SCs</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 19px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>National Commission for STs</li>
<li>Special Officer for Linguistic Minorities</li>
<li>Comptroller and Auditor General of India</li>
<li>Attorney General of India</li>
<li>Advocate General of the State</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #008b8b;">
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; height: 19px;"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Statutory, Regulatory &amp; Quasi-Judicial Bodies</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 220px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 220px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>NITI Aayog</li>
<li>RBI</li>
<li>National Human Rights Commission</li>
<li>State Human Rights Commission</li>
<li>Central Information Commission</li>
<li>Central Vigilance Commission</li>
<li>Central Bureau of Investigation</li>
<li>Lokpal and Lokayuktas</li>
<li>National Commission for Women</li>
<li>National Commission for Backward Classes</li>
<li>National Commission for Minorities</li>
<li>Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority</li>
<li>Securities and Exchange Board of India</li>
<li>Competition Commission of India</li>
<li>Telecom Regulatory Authority of India</li>
<li>Central Electricity Regulatory Commission</li>
<li>Atomic Energy Regulatory Board</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 220px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Central Pollution Control Board</li>
<li>Medical Council of India</li>
<li>Inland Waterways Authority of India</li>
<li>Central Ground Water Authority</li>
<li>Directorate General of Civil Aviation</li>
<li>Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority</li>
<li>Food Safety and Standards Authority of India</li>
<li>Bar Council of India</li>
<li>University Grants Commission</li>
<li>Financial Stability and Development Council</li>
<li>All India Council for Technical Education</li>
<li>National Green Tribunal</li>
<li>Competition Appellate Tribunal</li>
<li>Income-Tax Appellate Tribunal</li>
<li>Cyber Appellate Tribunal</li>
<li>Intellectual Property Appellate Board</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h1></h1>
<h1 style="text-align: center;">Governance<br /><br /></h1>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #483d8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><strong><span style="color: #ffffff;">Government Policies &amp; Interventions for Development</span> </strong></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 230px;">
<td style="height: 230px; vertical-align: top;">
<p><span style="color: #483d8b;"><strong>Government Policies &amp; Interventions in Various Sectors</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Health, Gender, Education, Poverty, Economic etc</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #483d8b;"><strong>Issues Arising Out of Their Design &amp; Implementation</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Concerns/Issues</li>
<li>Suggestions for Improvement</li>
<li>Critical Assessment of Centrally Sponsored Schemes (CSS)</li>
<li>Rationalisation of CSS</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 230px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Analysis of Main Schemes:
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Beti Bachao Beti Padhao</li>
<li>Smart City</li>
<li>Swachh Bharat Abhiyan</li>
<li>MGNERGA</li>
<li>Digital India</li>
<li>Make in India</li>
<li>Skill India</li>
<li>PM Jan Dhan Yojana</li>
<li>Start-up India etc.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #483d8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px; width: 100%;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Development Processes &amp; the Development Industry</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 360px;">
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 360px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Role of Social Capital Organisations</li>
<li>Indian Context</li>
<li>Classification</li>
<li>Provisions for the Third Sector in the Indian Constitution</li>
<li>National Policy on the Voluntary Sector 2007</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #483d8b;"><strong>Non-Governmental Organisations</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Role and Impact of Non-governmental Organizations</li>
<li>Issue Areas: Accreditation, Legitimacy &amp; Accountability, Foreign Funding etc.</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #483d8b;"><strong>Self Help Groups (SHGs)</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Need for SHGs</li>
<li>Benefits of SHGs</li>
<li>Weaknesses of SHGs</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 360px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Challenges</li>
<li>Measures to Make SHGs Effective</li>
<li>Case Studies: Kudumbashree (Kerala), Mahila Arthik Vikas Mahamandal (Maharashtra)</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #483d8b;"><strong>Societies, Trusts and Cooperatives</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Societies</li>
<li>Trust</li>
<li>Religious Endowments</li>
<li>Cooperatives &ndash;
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Need for Cooperatives</li>
<li>Constitutional Provisions</li>
<li>National Policy on Co-operatives, 2002</li>
<li>Issues and Challenges in the Cooperatives Sector</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 20px; background-color: #483d8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 20px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Important Aspects of Governance, Transparency &amp; Accountability</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 401px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 401px; vertical-align: top;">
<p><span style="color: #483d8b;"><strong>Governance</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Dimensions of Governance</li>
<li>Good Governance (GG)</li>
<li>Aspects of GG</li>
<li>Barriers to GG</li>
<li>Necessary Pre-conditions for GG</li>
<li>How to Ensure GG</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #483d8b;"><strong>E-Governance</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Applications</li>
<li>Models</li>
<li>Successes</li>
<li>Limitations</li>
<li>Potential</li>
<li>Recent e-governance Initiatives by Government</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #483d8b;"><strong>Citizens Charters (CC)</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Components of CC</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 401px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Features of CC</li>
<li>Six Principles of CC</li>
<li>Shortcomings of CC</li>
<li>Measures to Make CC Effective</li>
<li>Sevottam Model</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #483d8b;"><strong>Aspects of Transparency</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #483d8b;"><strong>Elements &amp; Types of Accountability</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #483d8b;"><strong>Means to ensure Transparency &amp; Accountability</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>RTI</li>
<li>Social Audit</li>
<li>Whistleblower Protection Bill</li>
<li>Lokpal &amp; Lokayuktas Act</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #483d8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Role of Civil Services in a Democracy</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 348px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 348px; vertical-align: top;">
<p><span style="color: #483d8b;"><strong>Relationship Between Civil Service And Democracy </strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #483d8b;"><strong>Role Played By Civil Services</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Advisory Role in Policy Making</li>
<li>Institutionalise Socio-economic change</li>
<li>Discharge Delegated Functions</li>
<li>Administer Law of the Land</li>
<li>Watchdogs</li>
<li>Continuity in times of Political Instability</li>
<li>Record-Keeping</li>
<li>Channel of Communication</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #483d8b;"><strong>Ailments/Issues Afflicting Indian Civil Services</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Lack of Professionalism &amp; Poor Capacity Building</li>
<li>Inefficient Incentive Systems</li>
<li>Outdated Rules &amp; Procedures</li>
<li>Systemic Inconsistencies in Promotion</li>
<li>Lack of Adequate Transparency &amp; Accountability Procedures</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 348px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Arbitrary &amp; Whimsical Transfers</li>
<li>Political Interference &amp; Administrative Acquiescence</li>
<li>Gradual Erosion in Values &amp; Ethics</li>
<li>Redtapism</li>
<li>Elitist in Nature</li>
<li>Poor Pay</li>
<li>Tendency to Capture Power</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #483d8b;"><strong>Reforming Bureaucracy to Strengthen Democracy</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Setting Right the Asymmetry of Power</li>
<li>Insulating Civil Servants from Undue Political Interference</li>
<li>Professionalisation with Stability of Tenure &amp; Competition</li>
<li>Citizen-Centric Administration</li>
<li>Accountability</li>
<li>Outcome Orientation</li>
<li>Promoting Public Service Values &amp; Ethics</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p></p>
<h1 style="text-align: center;"></h1>
<h1 style="text-align: center;">SOCIAL JUSTICE<br /><br /></h1>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #b22222;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Welfare Schemes for Vulnerable Sections</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 693px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 693px; vertical-align: top;">
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Schemes for the Following Vulnerable Sections</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>SCs &amp; STs</li>
<li>Minorities</li>
<li>Children</li>
<li>Elderly</li>
<li>Disabled</li>
<li>Women</li>
<li>Transgender</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Performance of These Schemes</strong></span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Mechanisms, Laws, Institutions &amp; Bodies Constituted for Protection &amp; Betterment of These Vulnerable Sections</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>SCs:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The Protection of Civil Rights Act</li>
<li>The Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act</li>
<li>National Commission for Scheduled Castes</li>
<li>Scheduled Castes Sub Plan</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Disabled:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The Rehabilitation Council of India Act</li>
<li>The Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Full Participation) Act</li>
<li>Mental Retardation and Multiple Disabilities Act</li>
<li>The National Trust for Welfare of Persons with<br />Autism, Cerebral Palsy, Mental Retardation and Multiple Disabilities Act</li>
<li>Rights of the Persons with Disabilities Act</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 693px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>STs:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>National Commission for Scheduled Tribes</li>
<li>Tribal Sub Plan</li>
<li>TRIFED</li>
<li>Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Minorities:</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>National Commission for Minorities</li>
<li>National Commission for Religious and Linguistic Minorities</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Women &amp; Children</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act</li>
<li>The Indecent Representation of Women (Prevention) Act</li>
<li>The Dowry Prohibition Act</li>
<li>The Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act</li>
<li>The Prohibition of Child Marriage Act</li>
<li>Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act</li>
<li>Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act</li>
<li>Central Adoption Resource Agency (CARA)</li>
<li>The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act</li>
<li>Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal)</li>
<li>Pre-Conception and Pre Natal Diagnostic Techniques (PC&amp;PNDT) Act</li>
<li>Gender Budgeting</li>
<li>National Policy for Women</li>
<li>Domestic Violence Act</li>
<li>Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Act</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Elderly</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #b22222;">
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; height: 19px;"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Issues Relating to Development &amp; Management of Social Sector/Services</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 403px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 403px; vertical-align: top;">
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Health</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>India&rsquo;s Performance on Various Health Indicators</li>
<li>Weaknesses of Indian Healthcare System</li>
<li>Health Infrastructure in India</li>
<li>Universal Health Coverage</li>
<li>12th FYP Strategy</li>
<li>Universal Health Coverage</li>
<li>Health Insurance</li>
<li>National Family Health Survey</li>
<li>National Health Policy</li>
<li>National Health Mission</li>
<li>Maternal &amp; Adolescent Health</li>
<li>Child Health</li>
<li>Antimicrobial Resistance</li>
<li>Disease Burden in India</li>
<li>Measures to Ensure Good Health Outcomes</li>
<li>Government Initiatives</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 403px; vertical-align: top;">
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Education</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>
<p><strong></strong>Status of Literacy in India</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Education Structure in India</p>
</li>
<li>Challenges Faced by Education Sector in India</li>
<li>Reforms Required</li>
<li>Government Initiatives</li>
<li>ASER Report</li>
<li>Financing Education</li>
<li>Subramanian Panel Report</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Human Resource</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Need For Skill Development</li>
<li>Skill Development Initiatives</li>
<li>Challenges in Skilling Landscape in India</li>
<li>Shortcomings of Current Skill Development Initiatives</li>
<li>Reforms Required</li>
<li>Steps that can Be Taken</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #b22222;">
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; height: 19px;"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Issues Relating to Poverty &amp; Hunger</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 98px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 98px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Relation between Poverty &amp; Hunger</li>
<li>Distribution of Poverty &amp; Hunger</li>
<li>Magnitude &amp; Trends of Poverty &amp; Hunger</li>
<li>Causes of Poverty &amp; Hunger</li>
<li>Cost/Impact of Poverty &amp; Malnutrition</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 98px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>MDGs &amp; SDGs</li>
<li>Food and nutrition insecurity - a consequence of structural inequities</li>
<li>Constraints in Reducing Poverty &amp; Hunger</li>
<li>Measure to Reduce Poverty &amp; Hunger &ndash; National Food Security Act, Mid-day Meal Scheme, MGNREGA etc.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h1 style="text-align: center;"></h1>
<h1 style="text-align: center;">INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS<br /><br /></h1>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #d2691e;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>India and its Neighborhood &ndash; Relations</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 137px;">
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 137px;">
<p><span style="color: #d2691e;"><strong>India&rsquo;s Relations With</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>China</li>
<li>Pakistan</li>
<li>Myanmar</li>
<li>Bhutan</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 137px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Bangladesh</li>
<li>Sri Lanka</li>
<li>Afghanistan</li>
<li>Nepal</li>
<li>Maldives</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #d2691e;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><strong><span style="color: #ffffff;">Bilateral, Regional &amp; Global Groupings &amp; Agreements Involving India and/or Affecting India's Interests</span> </strong></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 450px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 450px; vertical-align: top;">
<p><span style="color: #d2691e;"><strong>India&rsquo;s Major Foreign Policy Doctrines Since 1947</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Non-aligned Movement (NAM)</li>
<li>Nuclear Doctrine</li>
<li>Gujral Doctrine</li>
<li>Look East to Act East</li>
<li>Think West, etc.</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #d2691e;"><strong>Bilateral Relations With</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Major Powers Like &ndash; USA, Russia, Japan</li>
<li>Central Asian Countries</li>
<li>West Asian Countries</li>
<li>African Countries</li>
<li>Australia &amp; New Zealand</li>
<li>EU &amp; European Countries</li>
<li>Latin American Countries</li>
<li>Pacific Countries</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #d2691e;"><strong>Regional &amp; Global Groupings</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>SAARC</li>
<li>BRICS</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 450px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>BBIN &amp; BCIM</li>
<li>BIMSTEC</li>
<li>IBSA</li>
<li>ASEAN &amp; RCEP</li>
<li>India-Africa Forum</li>
<li>SCO</li>
<li>Ashgabat Agreement</li>
<li>FIPIC</li>
<li>IOR-ARC</li>
<li>Mekong Ganga Cooperation (MGC)</li>
<li>Raisina Dialogue</li>
<li>Heart of Asia Conference</li>
<li>East Asia Summit</li>
<li>G-20</li>
<li>Asian Development Bank</li>
<li>National Security Summit</li>
<li>Multilateral Nuclear Export Regulatory Regimes: Wassenar, MTCR, Australia Group</li>
<li>Asian Development Bank</li>
<li>APEC, etc</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #d2691e;">
<td style="width: 50%; text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Effect of Policies &amp; Politics of Developed &amp; Developing Countries on India's Interests</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 88px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 88px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>One Belt One Road</li>
<li>International North&ndash;South Transport Corridor</li>
<li>Global Trade War</li>
<li>Global Currency War</li>
<li>Syrian Crisis</li>
<li>UN Reforms</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 88px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>WTO Reforms</li>
<li>South China Sea Conflict</li>
<li>Brexit</li>
<li>Deglobalisation &amp; Protectionism &ndash; US Sanctions on Iran, US Pullout from Paris Agreement, H-1B Visa Issue etc.</li>
<li>OPEC Oil Prices Manipulation, etc.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #d2691e;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Indian Diaspora</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 95px;">
<td style="vertical-align: top; height: 95px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Spread of Indian Diaspora</li>
<li>India&rsquo;s Diaspora Policy &amp; Engagement Initiatives
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>OCI</li>
<li>Pravasi Bharatiya Divas</li>
<li>Know India Programme, etc.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; height: 95px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>LM Singhvi High Level Committee on the Diaspora</li>
<li>Role played by Indian Diaspora</li>
<li>Issues Concerning the Diaspora:
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Dual Nationality</li>
<li>Remittances, etc.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #d2691e;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Important International Institutions</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 10px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 10px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>UN &amp; its Agencies</li>
<li>WTO</li>
<li>World Bank</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 10px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>IMF</li>
<li>World Economic Forum</li>
<li>Commonwealth of Nations, etc.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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		'article_id' => (int) 185,
		'category_id' => (int) 9,
		'title' => 'General Studies-I',
		'description' => '<h3>(Indian Heritage and Culture, History <g class="gr_ gr_113 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="113" data-gr-id="113">and</g> Geography of the World and Society)</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Indian Culture - Salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.</li>
<li>Modern Indian History from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues.</li>
<li>The Freedom Struggle &mdash; its various stages and important contributors/contributions from different parts of the country.</li>
<li>Post-independence Consolidation and Reorganization within the country.</li>
<li>History of the World will include events from 18th century such as Industrial Revolution, world wars, <g class="gr_ gr_105 gr-alert gr_spell gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim ContextualSpelling ins-del" id="105" data-gr-id="105">Redrawal</g> of National Boundaries, Colonization, Decolonization, political philosophies like Communism, Capitalism, Socialism etc.&mdash; their forms and effect on the society.</li>
<li>Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India.</li>
<li>Role of Women and Women&rsquo;s Organization, Population and Associated Issues, Poverty and Developmental issues, Urbanization, their problems and their remedies.</li>
<li>Effects of Globalization on Indian society.</li>
<li>Social Empowerment, Communalism, Regionalism &amp; Secularism.</li>
<li>Salient features of World&rsquo;s Physical Geography.</li>
<li>Distribution of Key Natural Resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian sub-continent); factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries in various parts of the world (including India).</li>
<li>Important Geophysical Phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc., geographical features and their location-changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.</li>
</ul>
<h1 style="text-align: center;">History<br /><br /></h1>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #008b8b;">
<td style="width: 100%; text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Indian Heritage &amp; Culture</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 50%; height: 19px; vertical-align: top;">
<p><strong><span style="color: #008b8b;">Indian Art Forms</span><br /></strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Indian Paintings</li>
<li>Classical Dance Forms</li>
<li>Folk Dance Forms</li>
<li>Classical Music</li>
<li>Puppetry</li>
<li>Pottery</li>
<li>Drama/Theatre</li>
<li>Martial Arts</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Literature</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Ancient Indian Literature</li>
<li>Classical Sanskrit Literature</li>
<li>Literature in Pali and Prakrit</li>
<li>Early Dravidian Literature</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 50%; height: 19px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Medieval Literature</li>
<li>Women Poets of Bhakti</li>
<li>Trends in Medieval Literature</li>
<li>Modern Indian Literature</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Architecture</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Harappan Architecture</li>
<li>Temple Architecture</li>
<li>Cave Architecture</li>
<li>Indo-Islamic Architecture</li>
<li>Medieval Architecture</li>
<li>Modern Architecture</li>
<li>Contribution of Buddhism &amp; Jainism to the Development of Indian Architecture</li>
<li>Rock Cut Architecture</li>
<li>Colonial Architecture &amp; the Modern Period</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #008b8b;">
<td style="width: 99.8889%; height: 19px;" colspan="2">
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Modern Indian History</strong></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 25px;">
<td style="width: 50.1111%; height: 25px; vertical-align: top;">
<p><strong><span style="color: #008b8b;">Middle of the Eighteenth Century Until The Present</span><br /></strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Socio-economic Condition of People</li>
<li>European Penetration of India</li>
<li>British Conquest of India</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 49.7778%; height: 25px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>British Policies &amp; Their Impact &ndash; Economic, Administrative &amp; Socio-cultural</li>
<li>Socio-cultural Reform Movements</li>
<li>Uprisings Against British Pre-1857</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #008b8b;">
<td style="width: 96.3405%; text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><strong><span style="color: #ffffff;">The Freedom Struggle</span></strong></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 540px;">
<td style="width: 48.6823%; height: 540px; vertical-align: top;">
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Revolt of 1857</strong></span></p>
<p><strong><span style="color: #008b8b;">Growth of Nationalism in India (1858-1905)</span><br /></strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Political, Economic &amp; Administrative Unification of the Country</li>
<li>Role of Western Education</li>
<li>Role of Press</li>
<li><g class="gr_ gr_124 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_disable_anim_appear Grammar only-ins doubleReplace replaceWithoutSep" id="124" data-gr-id="124">Rediscovery</g> of India&rsquo;s Past</li>
<li>Early Political Movements</li>
<li>Formation of INC</li>
<li>Era of Moderates</li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong><g class="gr_ gr_125 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_disable_anim_appear Grammar only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="125" data-gr-id="125">Growth</g> of Militant Nationalism &amp; Revolutionary Activities (1905-1918)</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Swadeshi &amp; Boycott Movement</li>
<li>Surat Split</li>
<li>International Influence</li>
<li>Morley &ndash; Minto Reforms</li>
<li>Growth of Communalism</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong><g class="gr_ gr_126 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_disable_anim_appear Grammar only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="126" data-gr-id="126">Beginning</g> of Mass Nationalism (1919-1939)</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Mahatma Gandhi &ndash; His Ideas &amp; Leadership</li>
<li>Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms</li>
<li>Rowlatt Act, <g class="gr_ gr_114 gr-alert gr_spell gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim ContextualSpelling ins-del multiReplace" id="114" data-gr-id="114">Satyagrah</g> <g class="gr_ gr_128 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_disable_anim_appear Punctuation only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="128" data-gr-id="128">and</g> Jallianwala Bagh Massacre</li>
<li>Non-cooperation &amp; Khilafat Movement</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 47.6582%; height: 540px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Swarajists &amp; No-Changers</li>
<li><g class="gr_ gr_127 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_disable_anim_appear Grammar only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="127" data-gr-id="127">Emergence</g> of New Forces &ndash; Socialistic Ideas, Youth &amp; Trade Unionism</li>
<li>Revolutionary Activity</li>
<li>Simon Commission &amp; Nehru Report</li>
<li>Civil Disobedience Movement</li>
<li>Round Table Conferences</li>
<li>Communal Award &amp; Poona Pact</li>
<li>Participation in Elections to Central Legislature (1934) &amp; Provincial Assemblies (1937)</li>
<li>Government of India Act, 1935</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Towards Freedom &amp; Partition (1939-1947)</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>National Movement During World War II</li>
<li>August Offer</li>
<li>Individual Satyagraha</li>
<li>Growth of Communalism</li>
<li>Peasant Movements</li>
<li>State People&rsquo;s Struggle</li>
<li>Cripps Mission</li>
<li>Quit India Movement</li>
<li>Wavell Plan</li>
<li>INA &amp; Subhash Chandra Bose</li>
<li>Cabinet Mission</li>
<li>Nationalist Upsurge Post-World War II</li>
<li>Independence with Partition</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #008b8b;">
<td colspan="2" style="width: 96.5366%; text-align: center; height: 19px;" width="255"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Post-independence Consolidation</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 445px;">
<td style="width: 48.9556%; vertical-align: top; height: 445px;" width="296">
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Nation Building</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Partition and Its Aftermath</li>
<li>Integration of Princely States</li>
<li>Reorganisation of States</li>
<li>Issue of Official Language</li>
<li>Tribal Consolidation</li>
<li>Regional Aspirations</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Foreign Policy</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Non-Aligned Movement</li>
<li>Panchsheel</li>
<li>Wars with Pakistan &amp; China</li>
<li>Nuclear Policy</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Economy</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Planned Development</li>
<li>Green Revolution, Operation Flood &amp; Cooperatives</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 47.581%; vertical-align: top; height: 445px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Agrarian &amp; Land Reforms</li>
<li>Industrial Reforms</li>
<li>LPG Reforms</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Polity</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Era of One-Party Dominance</li>
<li>Emergence of Opposition Parties</li>
<li>Emergency: Crisis of Democratic Order</li>
<li>Rise of Regional Parties</li>
<li>Coalition Era</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Social</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Popular Movements</li>
<li>Communalism</li>
<li>Indian Women Since Independence</li>
<li>Naxalism</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #008b8b;">
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; height: 19px; width: 96.5086%;" width="255"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>History of the World</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 618px;">
<td style="width: 49.1329%; vertical-align: top; height: 618px;">
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Industrial Revolution</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Renaissance</li>
<li>Discovery of Sea Routes</li>
<li>Reformation</li>
<li>Counter Reformation</li>
<li>European Nations Settle North America</li>
<li>Rise of Slave Trade</li>
<li>American War of Independence</li>
<li>French Revolution</li>
<li>Nationalism in Europe</li>
<li>Rise of Capitalism, Colonialism &amp; Imperialism</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>World War I</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Causes of the War</li>
<li>Scope &amp; Course of the War</li>
<li>Russian Revolution</li>
<li>End of the War &amp; Peace Treaties</li>
<li>Consequences of the War</li>
<li>League of Nations</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>World Between the Two Wars</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Europe After the War &ndash; Fascism &amp; Nazism</li>
<li>The Great Depression</li>
<li>Emergence of Soviet Union</li>
<li>Nationalist Movements in Asia &amp; Africa</li>
<li>US as a Strong Power</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 47.3757%; vertical-align: top; height: 618px;">
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>World War II</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Fascist Aggression &amp; Response of Western Democracies</li>
<li>Outbreak of the War</li>
<li>Theatres of the War</li>
<li>US Entry into the War</li>
<li>Global Nature of the War</li>
<li>The Holocaust</li>
<li>Resistance Movements</li>
<li>After-effects of the War</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Decolonialisation &amp; Redrawal of National Boundaries</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Europe after World War II</li>
<li>Cold War</li>
<li>Rise of Asia &amp; Africa</li>
<li>Developments in West Asia &amp; North Africa</li>
<li>Spread of Communism</li>
<li>Korean War</li>
<li>Vietnam War</li>
<li>Cuban Crisis</li>
<li>Collapse of Soviet Union</li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #008b8b;"><strong>Concept, Types &amp; Social Impact of Political Philosophies</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Communism</li>
<li>Capitalism</li>
<li>Socialism</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h1></h1>
<h1 style="text-align: center;">Indian Society<br /><br /></h1>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #483d8b;">
<td style="width: 96.5792%; text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Salient Features of Indian Society</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 88px;">
<td style="width: 43.5561%; vertical-align: top; height: 88px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Diversity (Types &ndash; caste, linguistic, social and religious, race, tribe and ethnicity, culture)</li>
<li>Challenges posed by Diversity</li>
<li>Unity</li>
<li>Pluralism</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 53.0231%; vertical-align: top; height: 88px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Unity in Diversity</li>
<li>Inequality and Exclusion</li>
<li>Family System</li>
<li>Examples of above.&nbsp;</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #483d8b;">
<td style="width: 96.6591%; text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Role of Women and Women's Organization</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 109px;">
<td style="width: 43.4765%; height: 109px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Women's Organisations &ndash; Empowerment through Action</li>
<li>19<sup>th</sup> Century Social Reform Movements and Early Women's Organisations &ndash; (1) Agrarian Struggles and Revolt, (2) Participation in Freedom Struggle</li>
<li>Women's Organisations Post &ndash; 1947</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 53.1826%; height: 109px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Resurgence of Women's Movement in the 70s: (1) Emergence of New Organisations, (2) Approaches and Issues</li>
<li>Contemporary Women's Issues &amp; Organisation Response</li>
<li>Women's Organisations and SHGs</li>
<li>Challenges faced by Women's Organisations</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #483d8b;">
<td style="width: 96.6541%; text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Population and Associated Issues</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 73px;">
<td style="width: 43.6356%; height: 73px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Basic Demography of India</li>
<li>Population Trends in India and their Implications</li>
<li>Causes and Effects of Over Population</li>
<li>Challenges of Population Explosion</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 53.0185%; height: 73px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Changing Age Structure of Indian Population</li>
<li>Demogarphic Dividend: Boon or Bane for India</li>
<li>Population Aging in India</li>
<li>India's Population Policy &amp; Initiatives</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #483d8b;">
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; height: 19px; width: 96.5792%;"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Poverty and Developmental Issues</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 243px;">
<td style="width: 43.6356%; vertical-align: top; height: 243px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Concept of Development and Poverty</li>
<li>Types of Poverty</li>
<li>Measurement of Poverty &ndash; Poverty Line</li>
<li>Causes of Poverty</li>
<li>Poverty as a Social Problem</li>
<li>Socio-economic Spread of Poverty</li>
<li>Consequences of Poverty &ndash;
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Inequality</li>
<li>Continuation of Vicious Cycle</li>
<li>Who are worst affected by poverty?</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 52.9436%; vertical-align: top; height: 243px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Problem of Rising Urban Poverty</li>
<li>Poverty Alleviation Initiatives</li>
<li>Policy shift from &ldquo;Trickle Down&rdquo; Economics to Inclusive or Pro-poor Development to Reduce Poverty</li>
<li>Relation between Poverty Reduction and Development: Poverty-Inequality-Development Nexus</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #483d8b;">
<td colspan="2" style="height: 19px; text-align: center; width: 96.6587%;"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Urbanization</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 43.7152%; height: 19px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Urbanisation Trends in India and Their Implications - Demographic and Social Dimensions</li>
<li>Factors Driving Urbanisation</li>
<li>State of Service Delivery and Challeges posed by Urbanisation</li>
<li>Problems of Urban Areas</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 52.9435%; height: 19px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Social Consequences of Urbanisation</li>
<li>Impact of Urbanisation in Rural Areas</li>
<li>Urban Planning and Role of Urban Local Bodies (ULBs)</li>
<li>Reforms Required and Government Initiatives Taken So Far</li>
<li>Problems of Slums</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #483d8b; height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 96.7383%; text-align: center; height: 19px;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Effects of Globalization on Indian Society</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 111px;">
<td style="width: 43.75%; vertical-align: top; height: 111px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Understanding Globalisation &ndash; Its Different Dimensions</li>
<li>Globalisation &amp; Culture - Homogenisation vs. Glocalisation</li>
<li>Factors Driving Globalisation</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 52.9883%; vertical-align: top; height: 111px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Globalisation &amp; India</li>
<li>Impact of Globalisation on India - Socio-cultural, economic, on women, agrarian sector etc.</li>
<li>Does Globalisation cause Poverty?</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #483d8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; width: 96.7383%;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Social Empowerment</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 43.4765%; height: 19px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Which are the Socially Disadvantaged Groups?</li>
<li>Dimensions of Social Empowerment</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 53.2618%; height: 19px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Government Initiatives to Aide Social Empowerment</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #483d8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px; width: 96.7383%;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Communalism</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 79px;">
<td style="width: 43.4765%; height: 79px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Communalism &ndash; Its Characteristics</li>
<li>Communalism in India in the Past</li>
<li>Communalism in Contemporqary India</li>
<li>Causes of Communalism</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 53.2618%; height: 79px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Consequences of Communalism</li>
<li>Measures to Control &amp; Eradicate Communalism</li>
<li>Secularism as an Antidote to Communalism</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #483d8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px; width: 96.7335%;" colspan="2"><strong><span style="color: #ffffff;">Regionalism</span> </strong></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 89px;">
<td style="width: 43.2455%; height: 89px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Concept of Region &amp; Regionalism</li>
<li>Different Forms of Regionalism</li>
<li>Regionalism in India</li>
<li>Causes of Regionalism</li>
<li>Concept of 'Sons of Soil'</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 53.488%; height: 89px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Consequences of Regionalism</li>
<li>Federalism &amp; Regionalism</li>
<li>Role of Regional Parties</li>
<li>Measures to Contain Regionalism</li>
<li>Regionalism in the International Sphere</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #483d8b;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px; width: 96.7383%;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Secularism</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 10px;">
<td style="width: 43.0099%; height: 10px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Concept of Secularism</li>
<li>Indian Model of Secularism</li>
<li>Secularism in India</li>
<li>Nature &amp; Practice of Secularism in India</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 53.7284%; height: 10px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Uniform Civil Code</li>
<li>Challenges faced by Secularism in India</li>
<li>Measures to Make India Truly Secular</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h1></h1>
<h1 style="text-align: center;">Geography<br /><br /></h1>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #b22222;">
<td style="height: 19px; text-align: center; width: 99.8806%;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Salient Features of World's Physical Geography</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 494px;">
<td style="height: 216px; vertical-align: top; width: 44.7096%;">
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Geomorphology</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Origin &amp; Evolution of Earth</li>
<li>Interior of the Earth</li>
<li>Distribution of Continents &amp; Oceans</li>
<li>Plate Tectonic Theory</li>
<li>Distribution of Earthquakes &amp; Volcanoes</li>
<li>Rocks &amp; Rock Cycle</li>
<li>Geomorphic Processes &ndash; Endogenic &amp; Exogenic</li>
<li>Landforms &amp; their Evolution</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Oceanography</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Hydrological Cycle</li>
<li>Seafloor Spreading</li>
<li>Ocean Floor Configuration</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 55.171%; height: 216px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Temperature &amp; Salinity of Oceans</li>
<li>Movement of Oceans &ndash; Waves, Tides, Currents</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Climatology</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Earth&rsquo;s Atmosphere &ndash; Composition &amp; Structure</li>
<li>Solar Radiation, Heat Budget &amp; Temperature</li>
<li>Atmospheric Circulation &amp; Weather Systems</li>
<li>World Climate (examples)</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Soil Geography</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Soil &amp; Soil Contents</li>
<li>Process of Soil Formation</li>
<li>Soil Forming Factors</li>
<li>Types of Soils (examples)</li>
<li>Soil Erosion &amp; Conservation</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #b22222;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px; width: 100%;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Distribution of Key Natural Resources Across the World </strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 411px;">
<td style="width: 44.829%; vertical-align: top; height: 411px;">
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Types of Resources</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>On the Basis of Origin, Ownership, Exhaustability etc.</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Land Resources</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Land Utilisation</li>
<li>Land Use Pattern</li>
<li>Land Degradation &amp; Conservation</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Forest Resources</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Types &amp; Distribution &ndash; Grasslands, Forests etc.</li>
<li>Causes of Depletion</li>
<li>Conservation of Forests</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Water Resources</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Marine &amp; Freshwater</li>
<li>Water Scarcity &amp; Need For Conservation</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 55.171%; vertical-align: top; height: 411px;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Integrated Water Resources Management</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Agricultural Resources</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Types of Farming</li>
<li>Cropping Patterns</li>
<li>Contribution to Economy, Employment &amp; Output</li>
<li>Food Security</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Mineral &amp; Energy Resources</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Classification of Minerals &ndash; Ferrous &amp; Non-Ferrous</li>
<li>Occurrence of Minerals</li>
<li>Conservation of Minerals</li>
<li>Classification of Energy Resources &ndash; Conventional &amp; Non-Conventional</li>
<li>Occurrence of Energy Resources</li>
<li>Conservation of Energy Resources</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #b22222;">
<td style="height: 19px; text-align: center; width: 99.9602%;" colspan="2"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Factors Responsible for the Location of Industries</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 188px;">
<td style="height: 188px; vertical-align: top; width: 44.8687%;">
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Classification of Industries</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Location &amp; Distribution of the Industries on the Basis of</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Raw Material</li>
<li>Labour</li>
<li>Market</li>
<li>Capital</li>
<li>Land</li>
<li>Grants &amp; Financial Incentives</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 55.0915%; height: 188px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Power</li>
<li>Transport</li>
<li>Water</li>
<li>Communication</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Distribution of Major Industries &ndash; Iron &amp; Steel, IT, Cotton Textile</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Agglomeration &amp; Footloose Industries</strong></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #b22222;">
<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; height: 19px; width: 100%;"><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Important Geophysical Phenomena</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 318px;">
<td style="width: 44.9881%; vertical-align: top; height: 318px;">
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Earthquakes</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Why Does Earth Shake?</li>
<li>Earthquake Waves</li>
<li>Shadow Zone</li>
<li>Types of Earthquake</li>
<li>Measuring Earthquake</li>
<li>Effects of Earthquake</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Tsunami</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>What Causes Tsunami</li>
<li>Effect of Tsunami</li>
<li>Mitigating the Impact of Tsunami</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 55.0119%; vertical-align: top; height: 318px;">
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Volcanoes</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Types of Volcanoes</li>
<li>What Causes Volcanoes?</li>
<li>Volcanic Landforms</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color: #b22222;"><strong>Cyclone</strong></span></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Tropical Cyclones</li>
<li>Anti-Cyclone</li>
<li>Extra Tropical Cyclones</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 19px; background-color: #b22222;">
<td style="text-align: center; height: 19px; width: 100%;" colspan="2"><strong><span style="color: #ffffff;">Geographical Features and their Location</span> </strong></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19px;">
<td style="width: 45.1472%; height: 19px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Factors Causing Changes in Critical Geographical Features</li>
<li>Examples of Changing Geographicl Features - Mealting of Ice Sheets, Desertification etc.</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 54.8528%; height: 19px; vertical-align: top;">
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Impact of Changing Geographical Features</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
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		'article_id' => (int) 177,
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		'title' => 'UPSC Preliminary Examination Syllabus',
		'description' => '<ol>
<li><g class="gr_ gr_29 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Grammar only-ins doubleReplace replaceWithoutSep" id="29" data-gr-id="29">Paper</g> I - (200 marks)</li>
</ol>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;" class="ticklist">
<li>Current Events of National and International Importance.</li>
<li>History of India and Indian National Movement.</li>
<li>Indian and World Geography-Physical, Social, Economic Geography of India and the World.</li>
<li>Indian Polity and Governance-Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues, etc.</li>
<li>Economic and Social Development-Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives, etc.</li>
<li>General issues on Environmental ecology, Bio-diversity <g class="gr_ gr_28 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="28" data-gr-id="28">and</g> Climate Change - that do not require subject specialization.</li>
<li>General Science.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Paper II - (200 marks)</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;" class="ticklist">
<li>Comprehension; Interpersonal Skills including Communication Skills.</li>
<li>Logical Reasoning and Analytical Ability.</li>
<li>Decision Making and Problem Solving.</li>
<li>General Mental Ability.</li>
<li>Basic Numeracy (Numbers and their Relations, Orders of Magnitude, etc.) (Class X level).</li>
<li>Data Interpretation (charts, graphs, tables, data sufficiency etc. &mdash; Class X level).</li>
</ul>
<p><em><strong>Note 1:</strong> Paper-II of the Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination will be a qualifying paper with minimum qualifying marks fixed at 33%. </em><br /><em><strong>Note 2:</strong> The questions will be of multiple choice, objective type.</em></p>
<p><em></em></p>
<p><em></em></p>
<p><em></em></p>
<h2><strong>For UPSC Mains Examination Syllabus please <a href="/mains/mains-syllabus" target="_blank" rel="noopener">click this link</a></strong></h2>',
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		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'articles'
	
	}
]
$tags = [
	(int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'id' => (int) 417,
		'tag' => 'Syllabus',
		'colorcode' => 'FFDE68',
		'posturl' => 'syllabus',
		'status' => (int) 1,
		'sort_order' => (int) 5,
		'type' => (int) 1,
		'relivant' => (float) 1000000,
		'metatitle' => 'Syllabus',
		'metakeyword' => 'Syllabus',
		'metadescription' => 'Syllabus',
		'addedby' => (int) 9,
		'updatedby' => (int) 13,
		'added' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'modified' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'[new]' => false,
		'[accessible]' => [
			[maximum depth reached]
		],
		'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
		'[repository]' => 'tags'
	
	}
]
$title = 'Article Tags'
$lastyear = (int) 2018
$year = '2021'
$i = (int) 2017
$selected = ''
$m = (int) 13
$month = 'December'

include - ROOT/plugins/Drishti/src/Template/Element/rightsection.ctp, line 115
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1196
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1157
Cake\View\View::_renderElement() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1554
Cake\View\View::element() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 668
include - ROOT/plugins/Drishti/src/Template/Element/articlebox.ctp, line 5
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1196
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1157
Cake\View\View::_renderElement() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1554
Cake\View\View::element() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 668
include - ROOT/plugins/Drishti/src/Template/Articles/tags.ctp, line 61
Cake\View\View::_evaluate() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1196
Cake\View\View::_render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 1157
Cake\View\View::render() - CORE/src/View/View.php, line 765
Cake\Controller\Controller::render() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 623
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 125
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 93

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