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Skill Certification

Why in News The Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship has asked all government departments to ensure that workers executing...

24 Mar 2021 Skill Development
Risa: Tripura's Signature Garment

Why in News The State government of Tripura aims to promote risa nationally as Tripura’s signature garment. For this, various initiatives...

25 Jan 2021 Skill Development
24th Hunar Haat

Why in News 24th “Hunar Haat” is being organized in Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh) from 22nd January to 04th February, 2021. Key...

23 Jan 2021 Skill Development
Launch of Bamboo Clusters

Why in News Recently, the Union Minister for Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare has virtually inaugurated 22 bamboo clusters in 9 states viz....

09 Sep 2020 Skill Development
Student Entrepreneurship Programme 2.0: AIM

Why in News Atal Innovation Mission (AIM - an initiative by the NITI Aayog) in collaboration with Dell Technologies has launched the second edition...

12 Aug 2020 Skill Development
National Handloom Day

Why in News On the occasion of the 6th National Handloom Day on 7th August 2020, the Ministry of Textiles is organizing a virtual function in the...

07 Aug 2020 Skill Development
Bharat Air Fibre: Wireless Internet

Why in News Recently, Bharat Air Fibre Services have been inaugurated at Akola in Maharashtra providing the residents wireless internet connections...

03 Aug 2020 Skill Development
Universal Social Security

This article is based on “India needs a universal social security system” which was published in The Hindustan Times on 08/07/2020. It...

11 Jul 2020 Skill Development
Garib Kalyan Rojgar Abhiyaan

Why in News The Government of India has decided to launch a rural public works scheme ‘Garib Kalyan Rojgar Abhiyaan’ through...

19 Jun 2020 Skill Development
Jal Jeevan Mission

Why in News Recently, the Jal Shakti Ministry has announced that the labourers returning to their home states due to covid-19, will be deployed for...

17 Jun 2020 Skill Development
Sahakar Mitra: Scheme on Internship Programme

Why in News Recently, the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare has launched a Scheme on Internship Programme (SIP) i.e. Sahakar...

13 Jun 2020 Skill Development
SAMARTH ERP

Why in News The Ministry of Human Resource Development (HRD) has developed an e-governance platform ‘SAMARTH Enterprise Resource Planning...

15 May 2020 Skill Development
Saras Collection

Why in News Recently, the Indian government launched the Saras Collection on the Government e Marketplace (GeM) portal. It is a unique initiative...

05 May 2020 Skill Development
Inclusive Growth

Introduction Inclusive growth means economic growth that creates employment opportunities and helps in reducing poverty. It means having access...

20 Mar 2020 Skill Development
IUSSTF

India-US Science and Technology Forum (IUSSTF) was established under an agreement between the Governments of India and the United States of America...

20 Mar 2020 Skill Development
Government to Launch Mahua-based Alcoholic Drink

Why in News The central government is set to launch a mahua-based alcoholic beverage ‘Mahua Nutribeverage’ in the market for the first...

11 Mar 2020 Skill Development
National Rail Transportation Institute

Why in News Railway Board of India and the University of Birmingham has announced the launch of a joint masters programme in Railway Systems...

21 Feb 2020 Skill Development
Worldwide Educating for the Future Index 2019: EIU

Why in News India ranked 35th in the Worldwide Educating for the Future Index (WEFFI) 2019, as per a report published by The Economist Intelligence...

21 Feb 2020 Skill Development
ICAR to Set up Farmers’ Innovation Fund

Why in News The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) is all set to start a Farmers Innovation Fund. ICAR will bring a system to...

07 Jan 2020 Skill Development
Hunar Haat

Why in News Recently, the Governor of Maharashtra inaugurated a Hunar Haat in Mumbai. Hunar Haat is an exhibition of handicrafts and traditional...

23 Dec 2019 Skill Development

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		'title' => 'Skill Certification',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The <strong><a href="/to-the-points/Paper2/year-end-review-2019-ministry-of-skill-development-and-entrepreneurship" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship&nbsp;</a></strong>has asked all government departments to ensure that workers executing government contracts must have official certification for their skills.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Initially, up to <strong>10% of the strength of workers</strong> utilized in 2021-22 can be certified. This can be progressively<strong> increased to 100% by 2026-27.</strong></li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Need of the Move:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Low Level of Trained Workforce:</strong> Only 2.4% of India&rsquo;s workforce is formally trained as per the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/periodic-labour-force-survey-2018-19" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Periodic Labour Force Survey</strong></a> of 2018-19.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>India&rsquo;s skill regulator, the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/establishment-of-national-council-for-vocational-education-and-training" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>National Council for Vocational Education and Training</strong></a>, has standardised skill certification systems for 4,000-odd job roles, as part of an effort to change the labour market structure from a largely unskilled one to a predominantly formally skilled workforce.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Informal and Low Wage:</strong> Government contractors prefer to rely on informal workers with low salaries for meeting their labour needs.</li>
<li><strong>Paradoxical Situation:</strong> This is a paradoxical situation wherein the government is trying to promote skilling in the workforce without insisting on the use of skilled manpower for its own project.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Advantage:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Increase Demand For Skill:</strong> Demand for skilling would start coming from the industry and labour force itself, which will prefer to pay for skilling itself, doing away with the present system of the Government trying to drive skilling through funding.</li>
<li><strong>Improvement in Wages : Improvement in wages</strong> for the skilled manpower hired.</li>
<li><strong>Culture of Certified Skilling:</strong> Given the quantum of manpower engaged in government and government contract works, this would help in making skilling aspirational for our youth and spread the culture of certified skilling.</li>
<li><strong>Enhance Productivity and Quality:</strong> This will lead to higher productivity and output quality in government contract works.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Challenges:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Insufficient Training Capacity:</strong> Insufficient job-linked training is leading to low employability rate in India.</li>
<li><strong>Low Industry Interface:</strong> Low industry interface in training institutes is leading to poor placements and lower salaries.</li>
<li><strong>Low Student Mobilization:</strong> The enrolment in skill institutes like ITIs, and polytechnics, remains low as compared to their enrolment capacity. This is due to low <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/70-youth-unaware-of-govts-skill-development-programmes-wef" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>awareness levels among youths</strong></a> about the skill development programmes.</li>
<li><strong>Employers&rsquo; Unwillingness:</strong> India&rsquo;s joblessness issue is not only a skills problem, it is representative of the lack of appetite of industrialists and SMEs for recruiting.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Due to limited access to credit because of Banks&rsquo; <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/lessons-from-npa-crisis" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Non-Performing Assets (NPAs)</strong></a>, investment rate has declined and thus a negative impact on job creation.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Some Schemes Related to Skill Development</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Industrial Training Centres (ITIs):</strong> Conceptualized in the year 1950, aims to expand and modernize the existing Long-Term Training ecosystem in India.</li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/pradhan-mantri-kaushal-vikas-yojana-3-0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)</strong></a>: Launched in 2015, it aims to provide free skill training avenues to youths of India.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/pradhan-mantri-kaushal-vikas-yojana-3-0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana 3.0</strong></a>: It is launched 2021 in a bid to empower India&rsquo;s youth with employable skills by making over 300 skill courses available to them.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/pradhan-mantri-kaushal-vikas-yojana-pmkvy" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Recognition of Prior Learning</strong></a>: It was launched in 2015 to recognize the prior skills acquired by individuals. It is one of the key components of Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY).<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Under this an individual with a certain set of skills or with prior learning experience is assessed and certified under RPL with grade according to the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/standardising-skill-training-imparting-digital-literacy" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>National Skills Qualification Framework (NSQF).</strong></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/national-career-service-project" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>National Career Service Project:</strong></a> Launched in 2015 to offer free online career skills training through its National Career Service (NCS) project for job-seekers registered with it.</li>
<li><strong>Skill Management and Accreditation of Training Centres (SMART):</strong> It provides a single window IT application that focuses on the accreditation, grading, Affiliation and Continuous monitoring of the Training Centres (TC) in the skill ecosystem.</li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/sankalp-scheme" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Skills Acquisition and Knowledge Awareness for Livelihood (SANKALP):</strong> </a>Its focus is on district-level skilling ecosystem through convergence and coordination. It is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme which is collaborated with the World Bank.</li>
<li><strong>Skills Strengthening for Industrial Value Enhancement (STRIVE):</strong> Launched in 2016, the main focus of the scheme is to improve the performance of ITIs. Skills Strengthening for Industrial Value Enhancement (STRIVE) scheme is a World Bank assisted-Government of India project with the objective of improving the relevance and efficiency of skills training provided through Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) and apprenticeships.</li>
<li><strong>Pradhan Mantri YUVA Yojana (Yuva Udyamita Vikas Abhiyan):</strong> Launched in the year 2016, it aims at creating an enabling ecosystem for Entrepreneurship development through Entrepreneurship education and training; Advocacy and easy access to entrepreneurship support network and Promoting social enterprises for inclusive growth.</li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/kaushalacharya-awards" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Kaushalacharya Awards</strong></a>: Launched to recognize the contribution made by skill trainers and to motivate more trainers to join the Skill India Mission.</li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/shreyas-scheme" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Scheme for Higher Education Youth in Apprenticeship and Skills (SHREYAS)</strong></a>: The scheme is to provide industry apprenticeship opportunities to the general graduates exiting in April 2019 through the National Apprenticeship Promotion Scheme (NAPS).</li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/aseem-portal" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Atma Nirbhar Skilled Employee Employer Mapping (ASEEM)</strong></a>: Launched in 2020, it is a portal to help skilled people find sustainable livelihood opportunities.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/workers-executing-govt-contracts-must-have-official-certification/article34124449.ece#:~:text=certify%20skilled%20workers-,All%20workers%20executing%20government%20contracts%20must%20have%20official%20certification,skills%2C%20the%20government%20has%20decided.&amp;text=Stipulating%20engagement%20of%20certified%20skilled,well%2C%20the%20Ministry%20has%20reasoned." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:TH</strong></a></p>',
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		'title' => 'Risa: Tripura's Signature Garment',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The <strong>State government of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/statehood-day-of-manipur-meghalaya-and-tripura#:~:text=Merger%20of%20Tripura%20with%20India,on%2015th%20November%2C%201949.&amp;text=So%20his%20widow%20queen%20Kanchan,Tripura%20kingdom%20in%20Indian%20Union." target="_blank" rel="noopener">Tripura</a> aims to promote risa nationally</strong> as Tripura&rsquo;s signature garment.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>For this, various initiatives have been taken like<strong> providing risa uniforms to <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/anganwadi-services" target="_blank" rel="noopener">anganwadi</a></strong> and <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/national-institute-of-health-family-welfare" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>ASHA workers</strong> </a>and facilitating<strong> training for making risa</strong> at Tripura Handloom and Handicrafts Development Corporation.</li>
<li>The risa is <strong>being branded under the India Handloom Brand.</strong> This supports the <a href="/current-affairs-news-analysis-editorials/news-editorials/09-06-2020#:~:text=Promoting%20Local%3A%20Being%20vocal%20for,Glocal%E2%80%9D%20India%20will%20be%20possible." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>&lsquo;Vocal for Local&rsquo; initiative</strong> </a>of the central government.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points<a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1611563257_image1.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1611563257_image1.jpg" style="float: right;" width="300" caption="false" /></a></h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About Risa:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Risa is a <strong>handwoven cloth</strong> used as a female upper garment.</li>
<li>Risa is<strong> a part of traditional Tripuri attire</strong> that comprises three parts -<strong> risa, rignai and rikutu.</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Rignai:</strong> It is primarily worn as the<strong> lower garment</strong> and literally translates into &lsquo;to wear&rsquo;. It can be understood as an indigenous variety of the <em><strong>sari</strong> </em>of mainland India.</li>
<li><strong>Rituku:</strong> It is mainly used as a wrap, or like a <em><strong>&lsquo;chunri&rsquo; </strong></em><strong>or a</strong><em><strong> &lsquo;pallu&rsquo;</strong></em>of the Indian saree.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Sometimes, Risa is also used as <strong>headgear, a stole, or a present</strong> to express respect.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Cultural Importance:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Adolescent Tripuri girls are first given a risa to wear in an event called<strong> Risa Sormani,</strong> at age 12 to 14.</li>
<li>Risa is also used as a <strong>turban by men</strong> during weddings and festivals.</li>
<li>Risa is <strong>common in almost all 19 indigenous tribal communities</strong> of Tripura. However,<strong> each community has its own designs.</strong></li>
<li>It is used in religious festivals such as<strong> Garia Puja</strong> by tribal communities.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Garia Puja Festival:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It is a major <strong>festival in Tripura,</strong> held on the <strong>last day of the month of Chaitra.</strong></li>
<li>Celebrated as a<strong> harvest festival</strong> by the ethnic tribes - <strong>Tripuris and <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/bru-refugee-crisis" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Reangs</a>.</strong></li>
<li>In this festival, the<strong> Garia dance</strong> is also performed.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/tripura-culture-risa-trend-explained-7155359/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: IE</strong></a></p>',
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		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => '24th Hunar Haat',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p><strong>24<sup>th</sup> &ldquo;Hunar Haat&rdquo;</strong> is being organized in Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh) from <strong>22<sup>nd</sup> January to 04<sup>th</sup> February, 2021.</strong></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>About:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/hunar-haat" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Hunar Haat</strong></a> is an<strong> exhibition of handicrafts and traditional products</strong> made by artisans from the minority communities.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Theme:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><a href="/current-affairs-news-analysis-editorials/news-editorials/09-06-2020" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Vocal for Local</strong></a>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Organizer:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>These are organised by the Ministry of Minority Affairs under <a href="/to-the-points/Paper2/year-end-review-2019-ministry-of-minority-affairs" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>USTTAD (Upgrading the Skills &amp; Training in Traditional Arts/Crafts for Development) scheme.</strong></a><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The<strong> USTTAD scheme</strong> aims to promote and preserve the rich heritage of the traditional arts &amp; crafts of the minority communities.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Aim:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>These Haat aims to <strong>provide market exposure and employment opportunities to artisans, craftsmen and traditional culinary experts.</strong></li>
<li>It envisages <strong>boosting the skills of craftsmen, weavers and artisans</strong> who are already engaged in the traditional ancestral work.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Significance:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>&lsquo;Hunar Haat&rsquo; has proved to be an<strong> &ldquo;Empowerment Exchange&rdquo;</strong> for master artisans and craftsmen.</li>
<li>It has proved to be <strong>immensely beneficial and encouraging for artisans and craftsmen</strong> as lakhs of people visit the &ldquo;Hunar Haat&rdquo; and purchase indigenous handmade products of artisans on large scale. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>More than <strong>5 lakh artisans, craftsmen and people associated</strong> with them have been <strong>provided employment and employment opportunities in the last about 5 years through &ldquo;Hunar Haat&rdquo;.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1691203" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 6427,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Launch of Bamboo Clusters',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the Union Minister for Agriculture and Farmers&rsquo; Welfare has <strong>virtually inaugurated 22 <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/greening-india-by-planting-bamboo" target="_blank" rel="noopener">bamboo</a> clusters in 9 states</strong> viz. Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Assam, Nagaland, Tripura, Uttarakhand and Karnataka.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>A <strong>logo for the National Bamboo Mission</strong> (NBM) has also been released.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Initiatives to Promote Bamboo:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Use of bamboo has been an ancient tradition in India and it is now being <strong>supported with modern technology</strong> and the <strong>youth is being provided with training</strong> for the bamboo industry.</li>
<li>The <a href="/to-the-points/Paper2/indian-forest-act-1927#:~:text=The%20Indian%20Forest%20Act%2C1927,and%20duty%20leviable%20forest%20produce.&amp;text=This%20act%20has%20details%20of,the%20provisions%20of%20the%20Act." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Indian Forest Act 1927</strong></a> was <strong>amended in 2017 to remove bamboo for the category of trees.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>As a result, anyone can undertake cultivation and business in bamboo and its products without the need of a felling and transit permission.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Import policy has also been modified</strong> to ensure the progress of the bamboo industry in the country.</li>
<li>NBM <strong>supports local artisans through locally grown bamboo species,</strong> which will <strong>actualise the goal of <a href="/current-affairs-news-analysis-editorials/news-editorials/09-06-2020#:~:text=Promoting%20Local%3A%20Being%20vocal%20for,Glocal%E2%80%9D%20India%20will%20be%20possible." target="_blank" rel="noopener">Vocal for Local</a></strong> and help <strong>increase the income</strong> of farmers, reducing dependency on imports of raw material.</li>
<li><strong>10 most important species</strong> which are required by industry have been <strong>identified </strong>and<strong> quality planting material is being made available</strong> to farmers for plantations.</li>
<li>Apart from the existing <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/farmer-producer-bodies-need-help" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Farmer Producer Organisations</strong></a> (FPOs), <strong>10,000 new FPOs will be formed in 5 years.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Well-organized FPOs engage in providing a range of assistance to farmers like <strong>imparting better farm practices, collectivisation of input purchases, transportation, linkage with markets, and better price realisation</strong> as they do away with the intermediaries.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Common Facility Centres are being set up</strong> close to the plantations which will reduce the cost of transportation and increase local entrepreneurship, moving to a zero-waste approach.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>National Bamboo Mission:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The restructured NBM was <strong>launched in 2018-19</strong> for the holistic development of the complete value chain of the bamboo sector and is being implemented in a<strong> hub (industry) and spoke model.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Objective:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Connecting farmers to markets so as to enable farmer producers to get a ready market for the bamboo grown and to increase the supply of appropriate raw material to the domestic industry.</li>
<li>It also <strong>endeavours to upgrade skills of traditional bamboo craftsmen</strong> as per the requirement of contemporary markets with a tie-up with enterprises and premier institutes.</li>
<li>The <strong>Sector Skill Councils</strong> established under the <strong>National Skill Development Agency</strong> (NSDA) will impart skills and recognition of prior learning to traditional artisans, encouraging the youth to carry forward their family traditions.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>NSDA is an<strong> autonomous body under the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship</strong> that anchors the National Skill Qualifications Framework and allied quality assurance mechanisms for synergizing skill initiatives in the country.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>New Logo:<a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1599640325_image3.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1599640325_image3.png" style="float: right;" caption="false" width="145" height="145" /></a></strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It portrays a bamboo culm in the centre of a circle composed of half an industrial wheel and half farmers, depicting the objectives of NBM appropriately.</li>
<li>The green and yellow colour of the logo symbolise <strong>bamboo often termed as green gold.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Way Forward</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>States need to take forward the objectives of the National Bamboo Mission which would contribute to the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/atma-nirbhar-bharat-abhiyan-challenges" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Aatmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan</strong></a> through an &ldquo;Aatmanirbhar Krishi (self-reliant farming)&rdquo;.</li>
<li>With the abundance of bamboo and its rapidly growing industry, India should aim to establish herself in global markets for both engineered and handcrafted products by increasing the exports even further.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1652315" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 6165,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Student Entrepreneurship Programme 2.0: AIM',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/aim-icrest-niti-aayog" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Atal Innovation Mission</strong> </a>(AIM - an initiative by the <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-national-institutions/niti-aayog-national-institution-for-transforming-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>NITI Aayog</strong></a>) in collaboration with Dell Technologies has launched the<strong> second edition of its Student Entrepreneurship Programme (SEP 2.0)</strong> for student innovators of <strong>Atal Tinkering Labs (ATLs).</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>SEP 1.0</strong> was launched in January <strong>2019.</strong></li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>SEP 2.0:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Objective:</strong> It will allow student innovators to work closely with Dell volunteers. They will receive mentor support; prototyping and testing support; end-user feedback; <a href="/to-the-points/paper3/intellectual-property-rights" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>intellectual property</strong></a> registration and patenting of ideas, processes, and products; manufacturing support; as well as the launch support of the product in the market.</li>
<li><strong>Background:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>As many as <strong>1500 innovations</strong> were submitted in the last season of <strong>ATL Marathon (2019).</strong> ATL Marathon is a <strong>nationwide contest</strong> where students identify community challenges and create grassroots innovations and solutions within their ATLs.</li>
<li>50 teams were selected and mentored by <strong>Atal Incubation Centres</strong> via the <strong>Student Innovator Programme 2.0.</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Student Innovator Programme provides training on business and entrepreneurship skills to students.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The <strong>top 8</strong> will take their prototypes to product through <strong>SEP 2.0.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>SEP 1.0:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>SEP 1.0 was a <strong>10-month-long programme</strong> through which the <strong>top 6 teams of ATL Marathon 2017</strong> got a chance to transform their innovative prototypes into fully functioning products, which are now available in the market.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>ATLs:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Vision:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>AIM is establishing ATLs in schools across India with a vision <strong>to cultivate one million children in India as neoteric (modern) innovators.</strong></li>
<li>It is aimed at disrupting the Indian education system, creating a paradigm shift where children as young as 12 years of age are being introduced to the world of technology innovation.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Objectives:</strong> To foster <strong>curiosity, creativity and imagination</strong> in young minds; and inculcate <strong>skills</strong> such as design mindset, computational thinking, adaptive learning, physical computing etc.</li>
<li><strong>Eligibility:</strong> Schools (minimum Grade VI - X) managed by Government, local body or private trusts/society.</li>
<li><strong>Financial Support:</strong> AIM provides <strong>grant-in-aid of Rs. 20 Lakh</strong> to each school that includes a one-time establishment cost of Rs. 10 lakh and operational expenses of Rs. 10 lakh for a maximum period of 5 years to each ATL.</li>
<li><strong>Features:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>ATL is a <strong>work space</strong> where young minds can give shape to their ideas through hands on do-it-yourself mode; and learn innovation skills.</li>
<li>Young children get a chance to work with tools and equipment to understand the concepts of<strong> STEM</strong> (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math). <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/launch-of-collabcad-in-atal-tinkering-labs" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>CollabCAD</strong></a> was launched in ATL schools to provide students experience in creating and modifying 3D designs.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>In order to foster inventiveness among students, ATL conducts different activities ranging from regional and national level competitions, exhibitions, workshops on problem solving, designing and fabrication of products, lecture series etc. at periodic intervals.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1645098" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 6132,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'National Handloom Day',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>On the occasion of the <strong>6<sup>th</sup> National Handloom Day</strong> on <strong>7<sup>th</sup> August</strong> 2020, the Ministry of Textiles is organizing a virtual function in the wake of the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/coronavirus-disease-named-covid-19" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Covid-19 pandemic.</strong></a></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The <strong>first</strong> National Handloom Day was celebrated in <strong>Chennai in 2015.</strong></li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The date, 7<sup>th</sup> August, was chosen as the <strong>Swadeshi Movement was launched</strong> on the same date in the year <strong>1905,</strong> which was based on <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/legacy-of-lokmanya-tilak" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Bal Gangadhar Tilak's ideology of swadeshi</strong></a>.</li>
<li>On this day, the <strong>handloom weaving community is honoured</strong> and the <strong>contribution of this sector is highlighted.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Objectives:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>To <strong>generate awareness</strong> about the handloom industry amongst the public at large and its contribution to socio-economic development.</li>
<li>To<strong> protect India&rsquo;s handloom heritage</strong> and to enable the handloom weavers and workers with greater opportunities.</li>
<li>To <strong>ensure sustainable development</strong> of the handloom sector thereby empowering handloom workers financially and instilling pride in their exquisite craftsmanship.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Significance:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Handloom sector is a <strong>symbol of India&rsquo;s glorious cultural heritage.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>India&rsquo;s<strong> soft power</strong> has long been endorsed by the handloom and handicraft space. &lsquo;Saree diplomacy&rsquo; and<strong> &lsquo;Khadi diplomacy&rsquo;</strong> are some such examples.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The textiles and handloom sector in India is the <strong>second-largest source of employment</strong> to people, after <strong>agriculture.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>According to the <strong>Fourth All India Handloom Census 2019-20,</strong> 31.45 lakh households are engaged in handloom, weaving and allied activities.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>It is an important <strong>source of livelihood</strong> in the country and a<strong> key to women empowerment</strong> as over 70% of handloom weavers and allied workers are women.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Steps Taken</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>A <strong>social media campaign</strong> has been planned for the handloom weaving community.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>All the Secretaries of the States, Textile Bodies like the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/silk-samagra" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Central Silk Board</strong></a>, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/packaging-in-jute-bags-made-mandatory" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>National Jute Board</strong></a>, <a href="/to-the-points/paper3/e-commerce-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>e-commerce</strong></a> entities, retail companies and designer bodies have been requested to amplify the campaign.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The Prime Minister has <strong>urged the people to use Indian handlooms and handicrafts and further spread awareness</strong> to others as well.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The more the world knows about the richness and diversity of these products, the greater Indian artisans and weavers will benefit.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Under<strong> Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan, Handloom Export Promotion Council</strong> (HEPC) is organising a <strong>Virtual Fair,</strong> connecting more than 150 participants from different regions of the country showcasing their products with unique designs and skills.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Various exquisite handloom products and numerous other <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/gi-tag-to-two-products#:~:text=GI%20is%20an%20indication%20used,relating%20to%20goods%20in%20India." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Geographical Indication (GI) Tagged</strong></a> products will be displayed to attract the attention of international buyers.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Other events include the<strong> launching of a mobile app</strong> and <strong>backend website for Handloom Mark Scheme</strong> (HLM), the <strong>launching of My Handloom Portal,</strong> etc.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>HLM was <strong>launched in 2006</strong> with the basic objective to brand Indian handloom products and secure a premium position for them in domestic as well as international markets.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Handloom Export Promotion Council</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It is a <strong>nodal agency</strong> constituted under the <strong>Ministry of Textiles,</strong> Government of India.</li>
<li>It was incorporated as a <strong>not-for-profit company under <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/personal-protective-equipment-for-sanitation-workers#:~:text=Section%2025%20of%20the%20Companies%20Act%2C%201956%20provides%20an%20alternative,a%20Society%20for%20the%20purpose." target="_blank" rel="noopener">section 25 of the Companies Act, 1956.</a></strong></li>
<li><strong>Aim:</strong> To promote the exports of all handloom products like fabrics, home furnishings, carpets, floor coverings, etc.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>Challenges</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Due to the Covid-19 induced <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/covid-19-and-lockdown" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>lockdowns</strong></a>, norms of<strong> social distancing</strong> and the <strong>resultant economic turbulence,</strong> there are no handicraft and handloom exhibitions or markets.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It has <strong>impacted incomes and the entire supply chains</strong> involved in handloom and handicraft, along with <strong>supplies of raw materials and unused inventory.</strong></li>
<li>According to the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/tech-for-tribals-trifed#:~:text=The%20Tribal%20Cooperative%20Marketing%20Development%20Federation%20of%20India%20(TRIFED)%20came,the%20Ministry%20of%20Tribal%20Affairs." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Tribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation of India</strong></a> (TRIFED), tribal handicraft and handloom worth Rs. 100 crore went unsold owing to the lockdown.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Natural calamities</strong> such as the recent <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/assam-s-flood-and-kaziranga-s-ecosystem" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Assam floods</strong> </a>also<strong> impact the livelihoods</strong> of artisans, especially in the silk clusters of the state.</li>
<li>The sector also faces the issues of<strong> cheap emulations, automated looms</strong> which <strong>threaten the sustenance of original arts and the timeless skills</strong> of the weavers.</li>
<li>The Centre has <strong>abolished the All India Handicrafts Board, ending the one official forum where weavers and craftspeople could raise their voices</strong> directly and were empowered to advise the government on policy and spending.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The move is in consonance with the government&rsquo;s vision of <strong>&lsquo;minimum government and maximum governance&rsquo;</strong> in the pursuit of achieving <a href="/to-the-points/paper4/good-governance-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>good governance</strong></a>, <strong>leaner government machinery</strong> and the <strong>need for systematic rationalisation</strong> of government bodies.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The government platforms for such direct interactions are <strong>fastly reducing which is a cause for concern.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The board was <strong>established in 1952</strong> and used to <strong>advise the Ministry of Textile on development programmes</strong> for handicrafts.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Suggestions</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>There is a need to<strong> promote the finesse of Indian weavers globally</strong> to <strong>communicate, disseminate and engage</strong> with not just the global audience but the Indian diaspora as well.</li>
<li>The <strong>textile clusters should be encouraged</strong> in<strong> making masks and other medical equipment that uses textiles</strong> such as bedsheets, etc. contributing to the medical infrastructure.</li>
<li>Government programmes like <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/atma-nirbhar-bharat-abhiyan-challenges" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan</strong></a>, <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/economic-stimulus-iii#:~:text=A%20%E2%82%B910%2C000%20crore%20scheme,standards%2C%20build%20brands%20and%20marketing." target="_blank" rel="noopener">Vocal for Local</a> </strong>campaign and<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/assessment-of-make-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Make in India</strong> </a>need to be popularised within the country to increase the domestic demand.</li>
<li><strong>Corporate organisations</strong> must buy products from <strong>artisans for the purposes of awards, corporate engagement programmes, and business gifting</strong> which will facilitate direct producer-consumer interface, thereby ensuring proper returns on the products to artisans.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Way Forward</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Initiatives such as the <strong>Northeast Expo 2019</strong> must be continued digitally so that states and the Centre have more online market portals for Indian handlooms, handicrafts and forest produce, as the sectors are interlinked.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The Northeast Expo 2019 through<strong> &lsquo;Tea and Khadi&rsquo; diplomacy</strong> helped in improving the trade ties with the <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/asean" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Association of Southeast Asian Nations</strong></a> (ASEAN) and <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/drishti-specials-important-international-bimstec" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation</strong></a> (BIMSTEC) nations.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>While the markets move online, it is <strong>equally important for the artisans to get adequately equipped and trained</strong> in operating online portals.</li>
<li><strong>Online exhibitions through Indian embassies must be organised</strong> to make the global audience aware of the rich legacy of handlooms and to honour artisans from India.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1643739" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 6086,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Bharat Air Fibre: Wireless Internet',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, <strong>Bharat Air Fibre Services</strong> have been inaugurated at <strong>Akola in Maharashtra</strong> providing the residents <strong>wireless internet connections</strong> on demand.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Bharat Air Fibre services are being <strong>introduced by Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL)</strong> as a part of the <a href="/loksabha-rajyasabha-discussions/in-depth-digital-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Digital India</strong></a> initiative by the Government of India. It is <strong>being scaled pan-India</strong>.</li>
<li><strong>Aim:</strong> To <strong>provide BSNL fibre-to-the-home (FTTH) wireless connectivity up to a range of 20 km</strong> from the BSNL points of presence.</li>
<li><strong>Features:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The <strong>connectivity speed is 100 Mbps</strong> and BSNL is offering <strong>various broadband plans in wireline and wireless segments</strong>.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>There is a huge demand for high-speed broadband service in the present situation as there is the <a href="/to-the-points/paper1/human-migration-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>migration</strong></a> of people from metro cities to rural areas due to the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/covid-19-now-pandemic-who" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Covid-19 pandemic</strong></a>.</li>
<li>The service is becoming popular due to <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/covid-19-and-work-from-home-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Work from Home</strong></a> (WFH), <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/online-education" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>e-learning</strong></a>, <strong>online shopping, gaming and entertainment,</strong> etc. amidst <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/covid-19-and-lockdown" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>lockdowns</strong></a>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>BSNL is also providing <strong>unlimited free voice calling</strong>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Mechanism:</strong> It provides high-speed broadband to subscribers of remote areas by <strong>bridging the gap of last-mile connectivity through <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/ham-radio" target="_blank" rel="noopener">radio waves</a></strong>.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>A vast network of <strong>Optical Fibre</strong> has been laid by BSNL up to nearest Telephone Exchange or Mobile Tower and from there the connectivity is provided to subscribers over wireless.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1596444205_image1.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1596444205_image1.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="545" height="398" /></a></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Benefits:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Customers at remote locations will be benefitted as BSNL comes with the <strong>cheapest services</strong> with the support of <strong>Telecom Infrastructure Partners</strong> (TIPs).</li>
<li>These services are <strong>wireless</strong> and there are <strong>very low chances of interruption</strong> in services locally.</li>
<li>BSNL is <strong>tying up with local entrepreneurs/unemployed youth</strong> on revenue sharing basis thereby <strong>generating employment</strong> in rural areas.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>They will earn a regular monthly income of about one lakh per month thereby <strong>becoming self-reliant</strong> under the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/atma-nirbhar-bharat-abhiyan-challenges" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Aatmanirbhar Bharat</strong></a> initiative.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>This service could be a game-changer for rural areas as with a little <strong>integration of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/india-must-get-on-the-iot-highway-fast" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Internet of Things</a></strong> (IoT) <strong>and sensors</strong>, the <strong>moisture content of soil can be known</strong> on a real-time basis, so that <strong>irrigation can be planned</strong>, resulting in <strong>saving of water and thereby increasing productivity</strong>.</li>
<li>Sensors can be <strong>tied to the neck of dairy cattle, enabling continuous recording of body temperature</strong> so as to know the exact time when milk output is best.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1642996" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 7 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 5873,
		'category_id' => (int) 22,
		'title' => 'Universal Social Security',
		'description' => '<div class="border">
<p>This article is based on <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/india-needs-
a-universal-social-security-system/story-zXURLxf4Xy5dxdEdk5dOMP.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>&ldquo;India needs a universal social security system&rdquo;</strong></a> which was published in The Hindustan Times on 08/07/2020. It talks about the need for universal social security in India.</p>
</div>
<p>The lockdown necessitated by the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/covid-19-and-indian-federalism" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Covid-19 pandemic</strong> </a>has caused misery to almost all sections of society, but the vulnerable section viz. people below the poverty line, migrant workers have been affected the most.</p>
<p>Further, the principle of Universality of social security is enshrined in various goals related to the <a href="/to-the-points/paper3/sustainable-development-3" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development</strong></a>. In this context, the imperative of providing universal social security, has assumed much significance.</p>
<h3>What is the Social Security System?</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>According to the <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/international-labour-organization" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>International Labour Organisation (ILO)</strong></a>, <strong>Social Security</strong> is a comprehensive approach designed to prevent deprivation, give assurance to the individual of a basic minimum income for himself and his dependents and to protect the individual from any uncertainties.</li>
<li>It is also comprised of two elements, namely:
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Right to a Standard of Living</strong> adequate for the health and well-being, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services.</li>
<li><strong>Right to Income Security</strong> in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond any person&rsquo;s control.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Need For Universal Social Security in India</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Majority of WorkForce is in Unorganised Sector:</strong> The organised sector workers constitute less than 10% of all workers in India.
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>This leaves more than 90% of the workforce without job security, labour rights and post-retirement provisions.</li>
<li>Also, in a dynamic market-economy, workers will lose jobs at a faster pace with technological changes. Thus, workers need to keep learning to stay productively employed.</li>
<li>However, in spite of great attention given to skills development in the last 15 years, the results are not very encouraging.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Too Expensive Private Healthcare Expense:</strong> <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/universal-health-coverage" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Out-of-pocket health expenses</strong></a>, which create barriers to seeking healthcare and can push marginal households into poverty, form as much as nearly 90% of private expenditure on health.
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Also Covid-19 has highlighted the urgency for providing universal free health care. It has demonstrated that private health care can be afforded only by the wealthy.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Inadequate Expenditure on Social Security:</strong> India has a broad aim of social protection programs, but the overall public expenditure on social protection (excluding public healthcare) is only approx. 1.5% of the GDP, lower than many middle-income countries across the world.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Steps To Implement Universal Social System</h3>
<p><strong>Extending MGNREGA to Urban Areas</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/mgnrega-and-migrant-crisis" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>MGNREGA</strong></a> has proved its utility by providing employment to millions of workers who have reverse migrated.</li>
<li>Thus, there is a case for extending this programme to urban areas with municipal bodies being given the responsibility for providing a fixed no of days work to all those seeking it.</li>
<li>Municipal bodies have a range of work to get done, such as improving sanitation, minor repairs, in which they could productively use labour.</li>
<li>Also, a MGNREGA scheme in urban areas can be framed to attach on-the-job skill development.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Skill Development via &lsquo;Learning while Earning&rsquo; Model</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The principle of &ldquo;learning while earning&rdquo; should be more vigorously applied to improve India&rsquo;s skill development systems.</li>
<li>The best way to learn useful skills is on the job, supplemented with off-line modules, which has been the successful approach of governments and employers in Germany and Japan.</li>
<li>The principle of on-the-job learning supplemented with government-supported training can be applied in clusters of small and medium enterprises.</li>
<li>That way, not only can physical infrastructure be improved in rural and urban areas, but human capabilities will also be simultaneously developed.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Providing Universal Health Coverage</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>There is a need to establish the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/ayushmanbharat" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Ayushman Bharat-National Health Agency</strong></a> at all levels of governance for management of the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/ayushmanbharat" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Pradhan Mantri Jan Aarogya Yojana (PM-JAY).</strong></a>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Also, greater autonomy to public hospitals is required to use claims money generated under PM-JAY to improve facilities, purchase the necessary drugs/tests and provide performance-based incentives to staff.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>There is a need to review and iron out the challenges with the business model of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/important-facts-for-prelims-1st-november-2018" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Jan Aushadhi stores</strong> </a>to ensure that they can function as self-sustaining entities and scale up rapidly across the country.</li>
<li>The State must also provide the infrastructure and make doctors and facilities accessible.
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Digital technologies, telemedicine, pharmacy chains of generic drugs, promotion of healthier lifestyles, and greater use of trained nurses and paramedics can improve health care and lower costs dramatically.</li>
<li>In this context, the target of raising the share of expenditure on health care to 2.5% of the GDP, as envisaged by the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/governments-efforts-for-rural-healthcare" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>National health policy 2017</strong></a>, in the next two years would be a good beginning.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Conclusion</h3>
<p>The need for a Universal social security is also highlighted by the various provisions under Indian constitution, like <strong>Directive Principles of State Policy,</strong> which envisages the State to provide public assistance to all sections of society, including vulnerable sections.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1594467616_pasted%20image 0.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1594467616_pasted image 0.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" caption="false" width="545" height="414" /></a></p>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 100%; border-style: dotted; border-color: #fc0000; background-color: #fcfff0;">
<p><span style="color: #003366;"><em><strong>Drishti Mains Question</strong></em></span></p>
<p>Income support with skill improvement and good health care for all, are essential for a universal social security system in India. Discuss.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p style="text-align: center;"><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/YPSwZCtHhr0" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></p>
<p>This editorial is based on <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/none-gains-the-hindu-editorial-on-us-withdrawal-from-who/article32035308.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>&ldquo;None gains: On U.S. withdrawal from WHO&rdquo;</strong></a> which was published in The Hindu on July 10<sup>th</sup>, 2020. Now watch this on our Youtube channel.</p>',
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	(int) 8 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 5664,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Garib Kalyan Rojgar Abhiyaan',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The Government of India has decided to launch a <strong>rural public works scheme &lsquo;Garib Kalyan Rojgar Abhiyaan&rsquo;</strong> through video-conferencing from village <strong>Telihar in Khagaria district of Bihar</strong> on 20<sup>th</sup> June 2020.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Beneficiaries:</strong> The scheme will empower and provide livelihood opportunities to the <strong>returnee <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/indian-migrants-and-challenges" target="_blank" rel="noopener">migrant</a> workers and rural citizens</strong> who have returned to their home states due to the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/coronavirus-disease-named-covid-19" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Covid-19</strong></a> induced <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/21-days-lockdown" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>lockdown</strong></a>.</li>
<li><strong>Duration and Outlay:</strong> This campaign will work in <strong>mission mode for 125 days</strong> with an outlay of<strong> Rs. 50,000 crore.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Coverage:</strong> A total of <strong>116 districts</strong> across <strong>six states,</strong> namely <strong>Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Jharkhand</strong> and<strong> Odisha</strong> (where maximum migrant workers have returned) have been chosen for the campaign.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>These districts are estimated to <strong>cover about 2/3 of such migrant workers.</strong></li>
<li>The chosen districts <strong>include 27 <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/aspirational-districts-programme" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Aspirational Districts</a>.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Aspirational Districts</strong> are those districts in India which are <strong>affected by poor socio-economic indicators.</strong> These are aspirational in the context, that improvement in these districts can lead to the overall improvement in human development in India. It is a <strong>NITI Aayog&rsquo;s Programme.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Implementation:</strong> It will involve <strong>intensified and focused implementation of 25 different types of works </strong>to <strong>provide employment</strong> to the migrant workers on one hand and <strong>create infrastructure in the rural regions</strong> of the country on the other hand.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The workers will help build gram panchayat bhawans and <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/lack-of-anganwadis-in-urban-areas" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>anganwadi centres</strong></a>, national highway works, railway works and water conservation projects, among others across six states.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Participants: 12 different Ministries/Departments,</strong> namely, Rural Development, Panchayati Raj, Road Transport and Highways, Mines, Drinking Water and Sanitation, Environment, Railways, etc. will be coordinating for the implementation of the scheme.</li>
<li><strong>Connectivity:</strong> The villages will join this programme through the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/important-facts-for-prelims-4th-may-2019" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Common Service Centres</strong></a> (CSCs) and <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/krishi-vigyan-kendra-kvk-conference-2020" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Krishi Vigyan Kendras</a></strong> (KVKs) maintaining the norms of <strong>social distancing</strong> in the wake of the <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/covid-19-now-pandemic-who" target="_blank" rel="noopener">pandemic</a></strong>.</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Common Service Centres</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Common Services Centres are a strategic cornerstone of the <strong>National <a href="/to-the-points/Paper2/e-governance-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">e-Governance</a> Plan</strong> (NeGP).</li>
<li>It was approved in <strong>May 2006</strong> to introduce e-governance on a massive scale under the <strong>National Common Minimum Programme.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Objective:</strong> To provide high quality and cost-effective video, voice and data content and services, in the areas of e-governance, education, health, telemedicine, entertainment as well as other private services.</li>
<li>A <strong>highlight</strong> of the CSCs is that it <strong>offers web-enabled e-governance services in rural areas,</strong> including application forms, certificates and utility payments such as electricity, telephone and water bills.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Krishi Vigyan Kendras</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It is an integral part of the <strong>National Agricultural Research System</strong> (NARS).<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>India has <strong>one of the largest</strong> national agricultural research systems in the world. It consists of <strong>scientists, technical staff, administration support staff</strong> and auxiliary staff.</li>
<li>Such a large number of research and other personnel are required because India is blessed with a <strong>variety of agro-climatic conditions</strong> and it <strong>conducts research on all aspects of agriculture</strong> to suit these diversified conditions.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The first KVK was established in <strong>1974 at Puducherry.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Aim:</strong> Assessment of location specific technology modules in agriculture and allied enterprises, through technology assessment, refinement and demonstrations.</li>
<li>KVKs also produce quality technological products (seed, planting material, bio-agents, livestock) and make it available to farmers.</li>
<li>The KVK scheme is <strong>100% financed by the Government of India and funds are sanctioned</strong> to Agricultural Universities, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/icar-to-set-up-farmers-innovation-fund" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Indian Council of Agricultural Research</strong></a> (ICAR) institutes, related Government Departments and <a href="/to-the-points/Paper2/non-governmental-organizations-ngos" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Non-Government Organizations</strong></a> (NGOs) working in Agriculture.</li>
<li>These are crucial to fulfilling the target of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/technology-and-doubling-farmers-income" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>doubling farmers&rsquo; income by 2022</strong></a>.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1632231" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 9 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 5649,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Jal Jeevan Mission',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/jal-shakti-mantralaya" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Jal Shakti Ministry</strong></a> has announced that the labourers returning to their home states due to <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/covid-19-and-india-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>covid-19</strong></a>, will be deployed for the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/jal-jeevan-mission" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Jal Jeevan Mission</strong></a>.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Jal Jeevan Mission aims for providing <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/piped-water-connection-by-2024" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>piped drinking water to all rural households by 2024</strong></a>.</li>
<li>The <strong>Jal Shakti Ministry</strong> is the nodal ministry for the implementation of the scheme.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Jal Shakti Ministry has directed various States that returning labour, <strong>especially those working in the construction sector (skilled, unskilled and semi-skilled)</strong>, may be deployed to expedite the completion of works under the scheme.</li>
<li><strong>Significance:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is an arrangement that could provide <strong>employment</strong> to the currently <strong>unemployed workers</strong>.</li>
<li>The mission is being used as a way to ameliorate some of the effects of the <strong>mass <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/indian-migrants-and-challenges" target="_blank" rel="noopener">migration</a> of inter-State workers</strong> back to their home States in the wake of the Covid -19 <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/covid-19-now-pandemic-who" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>pandemic</strong></a>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Need:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Huge Demand for Work:</strong> It has been created because of <strong>workers returning</strong> to their home states from different parts of the country.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It is clear from the fact that allocations under the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/mgnrega-and-migrant-crisis" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)</strong></a> have already been hiked by ₹40,000 crore over and above the ₹60,000 crore already allocated.</li>
<li>While the MGNREGA is an old programme, the new Jal Jeevan Mission also has funds.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Tap Water Connections:</strong> There is a need for tap water connections in several households under the mission.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>A revalidation exercise of households and status of tap water found that out of <strong>19.04 crore rural households in the country, 3.23 crore households</strong> had tap connections and <strong>15.81 crore households</strong> have to be provided functional tap connections.</li>
<li>Apart from the ₹11,000 crore in the budget, ₹12,000 crore has been allocated from extra budgetary allowances, and <strong>50% of the ₹60,750 crore allocated by the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/j-k-and-15th-finance-commission" target="_blank" rel="noopener">15<sup>th</sup> Finance Commission</a></strong> for rural local bodies is tied to grants for <strong>water bodies and sanitation</strong>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Construction Sector:</strong> <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/swades-skill-mapping-exercise-for-returning-citizens" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Skill mapping</strong></a> by various State governments has shown that a majority of inter-State workers returning home are from the <strong>construction sector</strong>.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>In Uttar Pradesh alone, 16 lakh out of the <strong>18 lakh migrant labour</strong> mapped till now are from this sector.</li>
<li>The State has assured funding of ₹3,382 crore under the Jal Jeevan Mission which would be utilised in providing employment in rural areas to returning migrants.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Jal Jeevan Mission</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)</strong> envisages supply of <strong>55 litres of water per person per day to every rural household through Functional Household Tap Connections (FHTC) by 2024</strong>.</li>
<li>JJM focuses on <strong>integrated demand and supply-side management of water</strong> at the local level.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Creation of local infrastructure for source sustainability measures as mandatory elements, like <strong>rainwater harvesting, groundwater recharge and management of household wastewater for reuse</strong>, would be undertaken in convergence with other government programmes/schemes.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The Mission is based on a <strong>community approach to water</strong> and includes extensive Information, Education and Communication as a key component of the mission.</li>
<li>JJM looks to <strong>create a jan andolan for water</strong>, thereby making it everyone&rsquo;s priority.</li>
<li><strong>Funding Pattern:</strong> The fund sharing pattern between the Centre and states is 90:10 for Himalayan and North-Eastern States, 50:50 for other states, and 100% for Union Territories.</li>
<li>The total allocation to the scheme is over ₹3 lakh crore.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Jal Shakti Ministry</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The government has created a <strong>new ministry called &lsquo;Jal Shakti&rsquo;</strong> after merging Ministries of Water Resources, River Development &amp; Ganga Rejuvenation along with Drinking Water and Sanitation.</li>
<li>&lsquo;Jal Shakti&rsquo; ministry will <strong>encompass issues ranging from providing clean drinking water, international and inter-states water disputes, to the Namami Gange project</strong> aimed at cleaning Ganga and its tributaries, and sub-tributaries.</li>
<li>The ministry will roll out the government&rsquo;s ambitious plan <strong>(&lsquo;Nal se Jal&rsquo; scheme under Jal Jeevan Plan)</strong> to provide piped water connection to every household in India by 2024.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>Way Forward</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>While the <a href="/to-the-points/Paper2/year-end-review-2019-ministry-of-skill-development-and-entrepreneurship" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>National Skill Development Mission</strong></a> was successful to create a pool of manpower skilled in masonry, plumbing, fitting, electricity etc, there is a growing realisation that <strong>returning inter-State labour could be deployed</strong> in different sectors due to the prevailing situation of Covid -19.</li>
<li>There is a need to encourage all States to consider the existing skill development plans and provide employment to migrant workers.</li>
<li>There is a requirement of a <strong>strategic framework</strong> to provide the returning citizens with suitable employment opportunities through discussions with key stakeholders including State Governments, Industry Associations and Employers.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/returning-labourers-may-be-deployed-for-jal-jeevan-mission-work-jal-shakti-ministry-tells-states/article31819391.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 5618,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Sahakar Mitra: Scheme on Internship Programme',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the Ministry of Agriculture &amp; Farmers&rsquo; Welfare has launched a <strong>Scheme on Internship Programme (SIP) i.e. Sahakar Mitra.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It is an initiative by the <strong>National Cooperative Development Corporation (NCDC)</strong> for young professionals. It is expected to be beneficial for both i.e. <strong>cooperatives</strong> as well as for the<strong> young professionals.</strong></li>
<li>Earlier, the government launched <b><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/tulip-the-urban-learning-internship-program" target="_blank" rel="noopener">'The Urban Learning Internship Program (TULIP) Portal'</a></b> to provide internship opportunities to thousands of fresh graduates and engineers of the country under the 'Smart City' projects.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Objectives:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The Sahakar Mitra scheme will help <strong>cooperative institutions</strong> access <strong>new and innovative ideas of young professionals</strong> while the interns will gain experience of working in the field to be self-reliant.</li>
<li>It <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/Scheme%20to%20Promote%20Young%20Entrepreneurs%20in%20Cooperatives" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>will provide the young professionals</strong> </a><strong>an opportunity of practical exposure and learning</strong> from the working of NCDC and <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/bihar-to-sell-kashmiri-apples" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>cooperatives</strong></a> as a paid intern.</li>
<li>It would also provide an opportunity to professionals from academic institutions to develop leadership and entrepreneurial roles through cooperatives as <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/farmer-producer-bodies-need-help" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Farmers Producers Organizations (FPO)</strong></a>.</li>
<li>In line with the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/atmanirbhar-bharat-and-economic-stimulus" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>AtmaNirbhar Bharat (Self Reliant India)</strong></a>, it focuses on the importance of<strong> Vocal for Local.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Eligibility:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Professional <strong>graduates</strong> in disciplines such as Agriculture and allied areas, IT, etc.</li>
<li>Professionals who are <strong>pursuing or have completed their MBA degrees</strong> in Agribusiness, Cooperation, Finance, International Trade, Forestry, Rural Development, Project Management, etc.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Financial Support:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>NCDC has designated funds for the<strong> paid internship program</strong> under which each intern will get <strong>financial support</strong> over a <strong>4 months internship period.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>National Cooperative Development Corporation</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Formation:</strong> The National Cooperative Development Corporation (NCDC) was established by an Act of Parliament in 1963 <strong>as a statutory Corporation</strong> under the <strong>Ministry of Agriculture &amp; Farmers&rsquo; Welfare.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Headquarters:</strong> NCDC functions through its <strong>Head Office at New Delhi</strong> and multiple Regional Offices.</li>
<li><strong>Objectives:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The objectives of NCDC are<strong> planning and promoting programmes for production, processing, marketing, storage, export and import of agricultural produce, foodstuffs, industrial goods, livestock</strong> and certain other notified commodities and services on cooperative principles.</li>
<li>The NCDC has the <strong>unique distinction of being the sole statutory organisation</strong> functioning as an <strong>apex financial and developmental institution</strong> exclusively devoted to the<strong> cooperative sector.</strong></li>
<li>It is a major financial institution for cooperatives, and has <strong>recently started Mission Sahakar 22,</strong> which aims to <strong>double farmers&rsquo; income by 2022.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>About Cooperatives</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>According to the <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/international-labour-organization" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>International Labour Organisation (ILO)</strong></a>, a<strong> cooperative</strong> is an <strong>autonomous association of persons united voluntarily</strong> to meet their common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and democratically controlled enterprise. E.g. FPOs as cooperatives.</li>
<li><strong>An FPO,</strong> formed <strong>by a group of farm producers,</strong> is a <strong>registered body with producers</strong> as shareholders in the organisation. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It deals with <strong>business activities related to the farm produce</strong> and it works for the benefit of the member producers.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Provisions of Indian Constitution related to Cooperatives</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Constitution (97<sup>th</sup> Amendment) Act, 2011 added a new Part IXB right after Part IXA (Municipals) regarding the cooperatives working in India.</li>
<li>The word &ldquo;cooperatives&rdquo; was added after &ldquo;unions and associations&rdquo; in<strong> Art. 19(1)(c) under Part III of the Constitution.</strong> This enables all the <strong>citizens to form cooperatives by giving it the status of fundamental right of citizens.</strong></li>
<li>A new<strong> Article 43B</strong> was added in the <strong>Directive Principles of State Policy (Part IV)</strong> regarding the<strong> &ldquo;promotion of cooperative societies&rdquo;.</strong></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>Way Forward</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>NCDC should develop some techniques to evaluate the performance of cooperatives and encourage them to perform better.</li>
<li>The scheme will provide a boost to government-academia-industry-civil society linkages.</li>
<li>Further, India needs to learn from <strong>technical and vocational training/education models in China, Germany, Japan, Brazil, and Singapore,</strong> and adopt a comprehensive model that can bridge the<strong> skill gaps and ensure employability</strong> of youths.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1631125" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 5351,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'SAMARTH ERP',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The <strong>Ministry of Human Resource Development (HRD)</strong> has developed an<strong> e-governance platform &lsquo;SAMARTH Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)&rsquo;</strong> under the <strong>National Mission of Education in Information and Communication Technology Scheme (NMEICT)</strong>.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>SAMARTH ERP is an<strong> open source, open standard enabled robust, secure, scalable, and evolutionary process automation engine</strong> for Universities and Higher Educational Institutions.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)</strong> refers to a type of software used to manage day-to-day business <strong>activities such as accounting, procurement, project management, risk management and compliance, and supply chain operations.</strong></li>
<li>ERP in a University can improve management and administration.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The platform has been implemented at the<strong> National Institute of Technology (NIT), Kurukshetra,</strong> a participating unit under the World Bank-supported <strong>Technical Education Quality Improvement Program (TEQIP).</strong></li>
<li>It would <strong>automate the processes of the enhancement of productivity through better information management</strong> in the institute by seamless access to information and proper utilization of information.</li>
<li>It caters to faculty, students and staff at a University/Higher Educational Institutions.</li>
</ul>
<h3>National Mission on Education through Information and Communication Technology</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Mission, <strong>launched in 2009,</strong> is a landmark initiative of the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), with the objective of seamlessly providing quality educational content to all the eligible and willing learners in India.</li>
<li>It has been envisaged to leverage the potential of ICT, in the teaching and learning process for the benefit of all the learners in Higher Education Institutions.</li>
<li><strong>Initiatives under the Program</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>SWAYAM:</strong> The Study Webs of Active Learning for Young Aspiring Minds' (SWAYAM) is an integrated platform for offering online courses, covering school (9<sup>th</sup> to 12<sup>th</sup>) to Postgraduate Level. The online courses are being used not only by the students but also by the teachers and non-student learners, in the form of lifelong learning.</li>
<li><strong>SWAYAM Prabha:</strong> It is an initiative to provide 32 High Quality Educational Channels through DTH (Direct to Home) across the length and breadth of the country on a 24X7 basis.</li>
<li><strong>National Digital Library of India (NDL):</strong> It is a project to develop a framework of virtual repository of learning resources with a single-window search facility. Presently, there are more than 3 crore digital resources available through the NDL.</li>
<li><strong>Spoken Tutorial:</strong> They are 10-minute long, audio-video tutorials, on open source software, to improve employment potential of students. It is created for self learning, audio dubbed into 22 languages and with the availability of an online version.</li>
<li><strong>Free and Open Source Software for Education (FOSSEE):</strong> It is a project promoting the use of open source software in educational institutions. It does that through instructional material, such as spoken tutorials, documentation, such as textbook companions, awareness programmes, such as conferences, training workshops, and internships.</li>
<li><strong>Virtual Lab:</strong> This is a project to develop a fully interactive simulation environment to perform experiments, collect data, and answer questions to assess the understanding of the knowledge acquired.</li>
<li><strong>E-Yantra:</strong> It is a project for enabling effective education across engineering colleges in India on embedded systems and robotics.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Technical Education Quality Improvement Programme</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It was started in 2002 by the Ministry of Human Resources and Development with the assistance of the <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/world-bank-group" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>World Bank</strong></a> and is being implemented in a phased manner .</li>
<li>It aims to upscale the quality of technical education and enhance capacities of institutions.</li>
<li><strong>The Technical Education Quality Improvement Programme III (TEQIP-III)</strong> was started in 2017 and will be completed by 2021.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It aims to develop technical education as a key component for improving the quality of Engineering Education.</li>
<li>The Objective is to improve quality and equity in engineering institutions in focus states such as in low income states.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1623839" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 5242,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Saras Collection',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the Indian government launched the <strong>Saras Collection</strong> on the <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/gem-samvaad" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Government e Marketplace</a> (GeM) portal.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It is a <strong>unique initiative</strong> by the <strong>GeM, <a href="/current-affairs-news-analysis-editorials/news-analysis/06-03-2019" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Rural Livelihoods Mission </a></strong>(DAY-NRLM) and <strong>Ministry of Rural Development.</strong></li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Saras Collection <strong>showcases daily utility products made by rural <a href="/to-the-points/Paper2/self-help-groups-shgs" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Self-Help Groups</a> (SHGs)</strong> and <strong>aims</strong> to provide SHGs in rural areas with <strong>market access</strong> to Central and State Government buyers.</li>
<li>The on-boarding of the SHGs has been<strong> initially piloted in the states</strong> of Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>SHGs from all the states and Union Territories (UTs) will be covered rapidly in the upcoming phases.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The Saras Collection will <strong>provide SHGs with direct access to Government buyers</strong> which will <strong>do away with intermediaries</strong> in the supply chain, thus <strong>ensuring better prices</strong> for SHGs and <strong>spurring employment opportunities</strong> at the local level.</li>
<li><strong>Mechanisms:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>For Functionaries:</strong> They will be provided dashboards at the national, state, district and block level for real time information about the number of products uploaded, their value and volume of orders received and fulfilled.</li>
<li><strong>Government buyers:</strong> They will be sensitized through system generated messages/ alerts in the Marketplace about availability of SHG products on the portal.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>GeM will <strong>collaborate with State functionaries</strong> to address the<strong> capacity building and training needs</strong> of SHGs and <strong>build up their competencies</strong> required for order packaging, catalogue management and logistics.</li>
<li>GeM will <strong>develop online learning resources in vernacular content</strong> for SHGs with inputs and assistance from the NRLM and the <strong>State Rural Livelihoods Missions</strong> (SRLMs).</li>
<li>For a <strong>seamless learning experience,</strong> GeM will conduct online webinars, develop videos, eBooks, manual and repository of FAQs.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Government e-Marketplace</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>GeM is a one-stop <strong>National Public Procurement Portal</strong> to facilitate<strong> online procurement of common use goods and services</strong> required by various central and state government departments/organizations/public sector undertakings (PSUs).</li>
<li>It was <strong>launched in 2016</strong> to bring transparency and efficiency in the government buying process.</li>
<li>It has been developed by <strong>Directorate General of Supplies and Disposals</strong> (Ministry of Commerce and Industry) with technical support of <strong>National e-governance Division</strong> (Ministry of Electronic and Information Technology).</li>
<li>It <strong>functions under Directorate General of Supplies and Disposals</strong> (DGS&amp;D), Ministry of Commerce and Industry.</li>
<li>The procurement of goods and services by Ministries and the <strong>Central <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/privatisation-of-pses" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Public Sector Enterprises</a></strong> (CPSEs) is <strong>mandatory</strong> for goods and services available on GeM.</li>
<li>It also provides the tools of <strong>e-bidding and reverse e-auction</strong> to facilitate the government users achieve the best value for their money.</li>
<li>GeM is a <strong>completely paperless, cashless and system driven e-market place</strong> that enables procurement of common use goods and services with minimal human interface.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=202782" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 13 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 4764,
		'category_id' => (int) 28,
		'title' => 'Inclusive Growth',
		'description' => '<h3>Introduction</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Inclusive growth means economic growth that creates employment opportunities and helps in reducing poverty.</li>
<li>It means having access to essential services in health and education by the poor. It includes providing equality of opportunity, empowering people through education and skill development.</li>
<li>It also encompasses a growth process that is environment friendly growth, aims for good governance and helps in creation of a gender sensitive society.</li>
<li>As per OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development), inclusive growth is economic growth that is distributed fairly across society and creates opportunities for all.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Elements of Inclusive Growth</h3>
<p><strong>Skill Development</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Harnessing the demographic dividend will depend upon the employability of the working age population, their health, education, vocational training and skills. Skill development plays a key role here.</li>
<li>India is facing a dual challenge in skill development:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>First, there is a paucity of highly trained workforce</li>
<li>Second, there is non-employment of conventionally trained youths</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>According to the Economic Survey 2017, over 30% of youth in India are NEET (Not in education, employment or training).</li>
<li>Similarly, UNICEF 2019 reports stats that at least 47% of Indian youth are not on track to have the education and skills necessary for employment in 2030.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Financial Inclusion</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Financial Inclusion is the process of ensuring access to financial services to vulnerable groups at affordable costs.</li>
<li>Financial inclusion is necessary for inclusive growth as it leads to the culture of saving, which initiates a virtuous cycle of economic development.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Technological Advancement</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The world is moving towards an era of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/frontier-technologies" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Industrial Revolution 4.0.</strong></a> These technological advancements have capabilities to both decrease or increase the inequality depending on the way these are being used.</li>
<li>Several initiatives have been taken by the government, eg. Digital India Mission, so that a digitally literate population can leverage technology for endless possibilities.</li>
<li>Technology can help to combat other challenges too, eg:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Agriculture-</strong> Modern technology can help in making an agro-value chain from farmer to consumer more efficient and competitive.</li>
<li><strong>Manufacturing-</strong> Technology can resolve the problems of finance, procuring raw materials, land, and linkages with the user market. GST was made possible only with the help of sound technology.</li>
<li><strong>Education-</strong> Innovative digital technologies can create new forms of adaptive and peer learning, increasing access to trainers and mentors, providing useful data in real-time.</li>
<li><strong>Health-</strong> Technologies could transform the delivery of public health services - extend care through remote health services</li>
<li><strong>Governance-</strong> Technology can cut down delays, corruption, and inefficiency in the delivery of a public service</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Economic Growth</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>India is among the fastest-growing major economies in the world. However, currently Indian economy is facing slowdown due to both cyclic and structural challenges.</li>
<li>However, the target of becoming a $ 5 trillion economy by 2024-25 can allow India to reduce inequality, increase social expenditure and provide employment to all.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Social Development</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It means the empowerment of all marginalised sections of the population like SC/ST/OBC/Minorities, women and transgenders.</li>
<li>Empowerment can be done by improving institutions of the social structure i.e. hospitals especially primary care in the rural areas, schools, universities, etc.</li>
<li>Investment in social structures will not only boost growth (by fiscal stimulus) but will also create a healthy and capable generation to handle future work.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Challenges in Achieving Inclusive Growth</h3>
<p><strong>Poverty</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>As per the <strong>Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) 2018,</strong> India lifted 271 million people between 2005-06 and 2015-16, with the poorest regions, groups, and children, reducing poverty fastest. India demonstrates the clearest pro-poor pattern at the sub-national level.</li>
<li>Still, despite the massive gains, 373 million Indians continue to experience acute deprivations. Additionally, 8.8% of the population lives in severe multidimensional poverty and 19.3% of the population are vulnerable to multidimensional poverty.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Unemployment</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>As per the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/periodic-labour-force-survey-plfs" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) of NSSO,</strong></a> the unemployment rate among the urban workforce was 7.8%, while the unemployment rate for the rural workforce was 5.3% totaling the total unemployment rate at 6.1%.</li>
<li>The quality and quantity of employment in India are low due to illiteracy and due to over-dependence on agriculture.</li>
<li>The quality of employment is a problem as more than 80% of people work in the informal sector without any social security.</li>
<li>Low job growth is due to the following factors:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Low investment</li>
<li>Low capital utilization in industry</li>
<li>Low agriculture growth</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Agriculture Backwardness</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Around 44% of people in India have agriculture-related employment but its contribution to the Indian GDP is only 16.5% which lead to widespread poverty</li>
<li>Issues in agriculture are as follows:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Declining per capita land availability</li>
<li>A slow reduction in the share of employment</li>
<li>Low labour productivity</li>
<li>Decline in agriculture yield due to climate change, land degradation and unavailability of water</li>
<li>Disparities in growth across regions and crops</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Issues with Social Development</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Social development is one of the key concerns for inclusive growth. But it is facing some problems such as:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Significant regional, social and gender disparities</li>
<li>Low level and slow growth in public expenditure particularly in health and education</li>
<li>The poor quality delivery system</li>
<li>Social indicators are much lower for OBC, SC, ST, and Muslims</li>
<li>Malnutrition among the children - <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/global-hunger-index-2019" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>India ranks 102<sup>nd</sup> in Global Hunger Index</strong></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Regional Disparities</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Regional disparities are a major concern for India. Factors like the caste system, gap between rich and poor etc. contribute to the regional disparities which create a system where some specific groups hold more privileges over others.</li>
<li>Some of the regional disparities problems are as follow:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>In terms of literacy rate, Kerala is the most literate state with 93.1% literacy, on the other hand, literacy rate of Bihar is only 63.82%</li>
<li>In terms of per capita income, Goa's per capita income is Rs 4,67,998 in 2018 while per capita income of Bihar is just one-tenth of that ie Rs 43,822</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Measuring Inclusive Growth</h3>
<p><strong>Inclusive Development Index (IDI)</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>In the Inclusive Development Index (IDI) compiled by the World Economic Forum (WEF), India ranked 62nd out of 74 emerging countries and was among the least inclusive countries in Group of 20 (G-20) countries.</li>
<li>The IDI is based on the idea that most people base their country&rsquo;s growth not on GDP but by their own standard of living.</li>
<li>It gives a measure of inequality based on three parameters: :<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Growth and development</li>
<li>Inclusion</li>
<li>Inter-generational equity and sustainability.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>India also did not make it to the top 10 most inclusive emerging and developing economies, where its neighbours Nepal, China and Sri Lanka made a mark.</li>
<li>India performed its best in terms of &ldquo;intergenerational equity and sustainability&rdquo;, ranking 44<sup>th</sup>, for which credit can be attributed to its demographic dividend.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Social Progress Index (SPI)</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It is an aggregate index of social and environmental indicators which includes the following:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Basic human need</li>
<li>Foundation of well being</li>
<li>Opportunity</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Limitation of other indices:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>GDP: It does not include non-market activities.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Excludes factors like environment, equality, etc</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Gini Coefficient:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Only income inequalities are included and other inequalities like social inequality, equality of opportunities, etc are ignored.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Gross Happiness Index:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Ignores gender neutrality, education, etc</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>HDI:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The unequal distribution of wealth is ignored.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Benefits of SPI:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>SPI measures the outcomes of the government measures rather than money spent. It also takes account of efficiency by which money spent by the government has been used.</li>
<li>It is more comprehensive.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Global Slavery Index</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It is released by the Walk Free Foundation of Australia.</li>
<li>Modern Slavery means a situation where one person has taken away another person's freedom, to control their body so that they can be exploited.</li>
<li>Factors responsible for modern slavery:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Absence of rights</li>
<li>Lack of physical safety</li>
<li>Access to necessities such as health care, education, food, etc</li>
<li>Pattern of migration</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Government actions to reduce modern slavery:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>India has worked in the right direction by criminalizing trafficking, slavery, forced labor, child prostitution, and child marriage.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Measures Taken India to Achieve Inclusive Growth</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Several schemes are being implemented by the government for inclusive growth which includes the following:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act Scheme (MGNREGA)</li>
<li>Prime Minister&rsquo;s Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP)</li>
<li>Mudra Bank scheme</li>
<li>Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY)</li>
<li>Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana- National Urban Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NULM)</li>
<li>Sarva Siksha Abhiyan (SSA)</li>
<li>National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)</li>
<li>Bharat Nirman</li>
<li>Swachh Bharat Mission</li>
<li>Mission Ayushman</li>
<li>Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Government is working with NGOs and International groupings in policy making eg:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>DISHA Project is being implemented in partnership with UNDP for creating employment and entrepreneurship opportunities for women in India.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>NITI Aayog's Strategy for New India @75 has the following objectives for the inclusive growth:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>To have a rapid growth, which reaches 9-10% by 2022-23, which is inclusive, clean, sustained and formalized.</li>
<li>To Leverage technology for inclusive, sustainable and participatory development by 2022-23.</li>
<li>To have an inclusive development in the cities to ensure that urban poor and slum dwellers including recent migrants can avail city services.</li>
<li>To make schools more inclusive by addressing the barriers related to the physical environment (e.g. accessible toilets), admission procedures as well as curriculum design.</li>
<li>To make higher education more inclusive for the most vulnerable groups.</li>
<li>To provide quality ambulatory services for an inclusive package of diagnostic, curative, rehabilitative and palliative care, close to the people.</li>
<li>To prepare an inclusive policy framework with citizens at the center</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Note:</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>World Economic Forum has suggested 3 practical ways by which countries can boost social inclusion as well as economic growth:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>First, <strong>countries should increase public and private investment in their citizens&rsquo; capabilities,</strong> which is the most important way they can durably lift their rate of productivity growth.</li>
<li>Second, governments, together with employers&rsquo; and workers&rsquo; organizations, <strong>should upgrade national rules and institutions relating to work.</strong> These influence the quantity and distribution of job opportunities and compensation, and thus the level of purchasing power and aggregate demand within the economy.</li>
<li>Third, <strong>countries should increase public and private investment in labor-intensive economic sectors</strong> that generate wider benefits for society. These include sustainable water, energy, digital, and transport infrastructure, care sectors, the rural economy, and education and training.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>Conclusion</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Indian government along with the state governments and local governments should continue to focus on eradicating poverty and achieving sustainable development in order to improve the lives of India's people.</li>
<li>Through innovative partnerships with an international organization, civil societies, and private companies, inclusive and equitable growth can be targeted.</li>
<li>Inclusive growth will help in the empowerment of vulnerable and marginalized populations, improve livelihoods, and augment skill-building for women.</li>
</ul>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 4759,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'IUSSTF ',
		'description' => '<p>India-US Science and Technology Forum (IUSSTF) was established under an agreement between the Governments of India and the United States of America in <strong>March 2000.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It is an <strong>autonomous bilateral organization</strong> jointly funded by both the Governments that promote Science, Technology, Engineering, and Innovation through substantive interaction among government, academia, and industry.</li>
<li><strong>IUSSTF&rsquo;s vision</strong> is to ensure excellence in Science, Technology and Innovation space through collaborative initiatives between India and the United States of America.</li>
<li><strong>Its mission is to act as a catalyst</strong> to promote long-term scientific collaborations between India and the U.S. through partnerships amongst individual scientists, scientific institutions and the scientific community at large.</li>
<li>The <strong>Department of Science &amp; Technology (DST), Governments of India,</strong> and the<strong> U.S. Department of State</strong> are respective nodal departments for this program.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Other India-US Engagement on Education</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The <strong>Fulbright program-</strong> It offers international educational and cultural exchange programs.</li>
<li>The <strong>Higher Education Dialogue-&nbsp;</strong>It laid out the road map for promoting strategic institutional partnerships, deepening collaboration in research and development, fostering partnerships in vocational education and focusing on junior faculty development.</li>
<li><strong>Global Initiative of Academic Networks (GIAN)-</strong> It is launched by India, under this upto 1000 American academics will be invited and hosted each year to teach in Indian universities at their convenience.</li>
<li>The two sides are also collaborating to <strong>establish a new Indian Institute of Technology in Ahmedabad.</strong></li>
<li>India is also learning from the U.S. experience in community colleges in order to meet our demands for skill-development and has agreed to collaborate with U.S. institutions in the area of Technology Enabled Learning and <strong>Massive Open On-line Courses (MOOCs)</strong> to extend the reach of education in India.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1607151" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 4669,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Government to Launch Mahua-based Alcoholic Drink',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The central government is set to launch a <strong>mahua-based alcoholic beverage &lsquo;Mahua Nutribeverage&rsquo;</strong> in the market for the first time.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Beverage will come in <strong>six fruit-based flavours</strong> and will be available at the price of ₹700 for a 750ml bottle.</li>
<li>This is the <strong>first time</strong> that the <strong>Ministry of Tribal Affairs</strong> is getting into bottling and sale of alcoholic beverages.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The beverage has a <strong>high nutritional value</strong> and <strong>relatively low alcohol</strong> content (5%).</li>
<li>It has been developed by the <strong>Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi</strong> in collaboration with the T<a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-national-institutions/apeda-trifed" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>ribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation of India</strong></a> <strong>(TRIFED).</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>TRIFED is a <strong>national-level apex organization</strong> functioning under the administrative control of the Ministry of Tribal Affairs.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>TRIFED has signed a memorandum with the <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/mission-raksha-gyan-shakti-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">National Research Development Corporation</a> (NRDC)</strong> to undertake the assignment of technology transfer to the suitable entrepreneurs for production and marketing of the beverage.</li>
<li>The marketing is being undertaken under the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/van-dhan-internship-programme" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Van Dhan Vikas Karyakram.</strong></a><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is <strong>Tribal Affairs Ministry&rsquo;s value-addition scheme</strong> which was launched in <strong>Chhattisgarh&rsquo;s Bijapur in 2018.</strong></li>
<li>The nation-wide programme earmarked ₹500-600 crore for training tribal clusters to add value to their produce and sell it in a packaged format, aiming to increase their income manifold.</li>
<li>The products marketed under the scheme include only those that need <strong>primary-level processing,</strong> including handicrafts, textiles, food items, jams and pulps and jewellery.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Besides mahua, other tribal staples such as <strong>tamarind and amla</strong> will be de-seeded and brought to the market in the form of candies and jams.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Mahua<a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1583915376_image1.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1583915376_image1.jpg" style="float: right;" width="280" caption="false" /></a></h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Its scientific name is <strong>Madhuca indica.</strong></li>
<li>It is a prominent forest tree in tribal areas of <strong>Bastar (Chhattisgarh)</strong> and plays an important role in the rural economy.</li>
<li>The mahua flowers are a<strong> rich source of sugars</strong> and are said to contain <strong>vitamins, minerals and calcium.</strong></li>
<li>The flowers are fermented and distilled yielding spirituous liquor also known as <strong>&lsquo;country beer&rsquo;.</strong></li>
<li>An <strong>estimated 90% of the annual production</strong> of Mahua flower is used in the process of brewing beverages.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/government-to-launch-mahua-based-alcoholic-drink-6307451/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: IE</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 4496,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'National Rail Transportation Institute',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p><strong>Railway Board of India</strong> and the <strong>University of Birmingham</strong> has announced the launch of a<strong> joint masters programme</strong> in<strong> Railway Systems Engineering and Integration</strong> in the academic year 2020-2021 by the <strong>National Rail Transportation Institute (NRTI).</strong></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>This initiative will benefit NRTI students by providing them<strong> access to world-class expertise and facilities in railway systems</strong> at the <strong>Birmingham Centre for Railway Research and Education (BCRRE).</strong></li>
<li>BCRRE will also gain valuable insights into India&rsquo;s transport sector and get involved in related research and development issues in India.</li>
<li>The initiative has been taken under the <strong>Centre of Excellence for Next-Generation Transportation Systems</strong> which was set up by an MoU between the NRTI and the University of Birmingham in 2019.</li>
</ul>
<h3>National Rail Transport Institute</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It was set up as a<strong> deemed to be university</strong> and has been <strong>operational since 2018</strong> and is India&rsquo;s<strong> first to focus on transport-related education, multidisciplinary research and training.</strong></li>
<li>It is specifically established to <strong>create a resource pool of best-in-class professionals for the railway and transportation sector</strong> through institutional partnerships for collaborating on developing curriculum, research projects and executive education programs.</li>
<li>It <strong>aims to develop interdisciplinary Centres of Excellence,</strong> bringing together academicians, scientists and engineers from various backgrounds and plans to leverage its academic and industry partnerships and collaborations.</li>
<li>It is situated in<strong> Vadodara, Gujrat.</strong></li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Birmingham Centre for Railway Research and Education</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It is the <strong>largest university-based</strong> <strong>centre</strong> for railway research and education in <strong>Europe.</strong></li>
<li>It is involved in<strong> developing new technologies alongside higher education programmes, research and innovations</strong> in Climate Change, Aerodynamics and International Benchmarking, Power Systems and Energy Use, Railway Control and Operations Simulation.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1603899" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 4493,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Worldwide Educating for the Future Index 2019: EIU',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>India ranked <strong>35<sup>th</sup></strong> in the <strong>Worldwide Educating for the Future Index (WEFFI) 2019,</strong> as per a report published by <strong>The Economist Intelligence Unit.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>This year, India<strong> scored 53</strong> and has jumped five ranks from the 40<sup>th</sup> rank with an overall score of 41.2 across categories in 2018.</li>
<li><strong>Finland topped</strong> the index <strong>followed by Sweden.</strong></li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Worldwide Educating for the Future Index</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The index and report are commissioned by the <strong>Yidan Prize Foundation.</strong></li>
<li>It was developed to assess the effectiveness of education systems in preparing students for the demands of work and life in a rapidly changing landscape.</li>
<li>It is the first comprehensive global index to evaluate inputs to education systems rather than outputs such as test scores and concentrates on the 15-24 age band in 35 economies.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>WEFFI ranks countries based on their <strong>abilities to equip students with skill-based education.</strong></li>
<li>The rankings are based on <strong>three categories:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Policy environment.</li>
<li>Teaching environment.</li>
<li>Overall socio-economic environment.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The report analyses the education system from the perspective of skill-based education in areas such as critical thinking, problem-solving, leadership, collaboration, creativity and entrepreneurship as well as digital and technical skills.</li>
<li>Among the world&rsquo;s largest economies, the US, UK, France and Russia fell back in the index while China, India and Indonesia took steps forward.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Reasons for the Growth</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The report attributes India&rsquo;s growth to the <a href="/loksabha-rajyasabha-discussions/draft-national-education-policy-2019" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>new national education policy</strong></a> introduced and published in 2019 that mentions future-oriented skills such as critical thinking, communication and entrepreneurship.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The education policy was<strong> highlighted in the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/union-budget-2020-21-social-sector-and-infrastructure" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Union Budget 2020</a></strong> and it will come under<strong> &lsquo;Aspirational India&rsquo;</strong> which will <strong>focus</strong> on skill-based education, a greater inflow of finance to attract talented teachers and innovate and build better labs.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>A <strong>degree level full-fledged online education programme</strong> along with <strong>apprenticeship embedded degree or diploma courses</strong> in 150 higher educational institutions is also proposed which will begin by March 2021.</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Aspirational India</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It is one of the three prominent themes of Union Budget 2020, the other two being <strong>economic development (for all)</strong> and <strong>building a caring society that is humane and compassionate.</strong></li>
<li>Under the Aspirational India theme, the budget covers<strong> rural, water and sanitation, and education.</strong></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>Challenges</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The report highlights the <strong>inability of the Indian education system to utilise the opportunity of internationalising the higher education system.</strong></li>
<li>Another challenge is a <strong>decentralised education system</strong> according to the report.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Well-intentioned policy goals relating to future skills development <strong>often do not get filtered downward</strong> which is a problem in economies like the US and India.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Solutions</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>India should develop its education system so that it <strong>becomes a preferred destination for higher education.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>For this, under the <strong>Study in India Programme, Ind-SAT exam will be held for Asian and African students for scholarships.</strong></li>
<li>The programme will be used for <strong>benchmarking foreign candidates who receive scholarships for studying in Indian higher education centres.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Study in India Programme</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It is a project under the <strong>Ministry of Human Resource Development</strong> with the primary objective to<strong> target foreign students by branding India as an attractive education destination.</strong></li>
<li>It offers <strong>fee waivers to meritorious foreign students</strong> studying in Indian educational institutes.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/education/india-jumps-5-ranks-to-35th-in-worldwide-education-for-the-future-index-2019/article30851541.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: HBL</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 4090,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'ICAR to Set up Farmers’ Innovation Fund',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The <strong>Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)</strong> is all set to start a <strong>Farmers Innovation Fund.</strong> ICAR will bring a system to scientifically validate, scale-up and propagate the innovations of progressive farmers.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>As part of this system, <strong>an innovation centre</strong> will be established in <strong>New Delhi</strong> where the innovations will be scientifically validated and farmers will be allowed to pursue research work.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Agriculture and Science:</strong> The system intends to link farmers and farming with science and to ensure that their farm practices are science-based. It would also encourage farmers to continue their innovations.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Krishi Vigyan Kendras document the innovations</strong> of farmers.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Technology in Agriculture:</strong> ICAR emphasises that <strong>agriculture is a science</strong> and application of principles of science helps in boosting agriculture.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Scientific approach and use of technology</strong> helped in the success of various agricultural and allied sectors&rsquo; revolutions like- <strong>green revolution and white revolution.</strong></li>
<li>ICAR has <strong>created a link between 105 startups and farmers</strong> to encourage the use of technology in the farm sector.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Organic Farming:</strong> ICAR has developed <strong>45 different organic farming models</strong> suitable for different agro-climatic regions and has <strong>validated 51 integrated farming systems</strong> to help increase farm income.</li>
<li><strong>Fertilisers and Pesticides:</strong> ICAR is developing <strong>nano fertilizers and nano pesticides</strong> to promote organic farming and to reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizers</li>
<li><strong>Youth and Agriculture:</strong> A programme named <strong>Arya</strong> is also being implemented to<strong> improve rural bio-economy</strong> and <strong>attract youth to agriculture.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Till now over 5000 youth have been brought into this programme in which they have been <strong>trained to be entrepreneurs and begin a start-up.</strong> Around 104 such startups are marketing processed food items.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Indian Science Congress:</strong> Its theme for the year<strong> 2020</strong> was <strong>&ldquo;Science &amp; Technology: Rural Development&rdquo;.</strong> Also, <strong>Farmers&rsquo; Science Congress</strong> was inaugurated for the <strong>first time in the 107 years of history of the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/107th-indian-science-congress" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Indian Science Congress</a></strong> highlighting the importance of farmer&rsquo;s innovations and their scientific validity.</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Indian Council of Agricultural Research</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It is an autonomous organisation under the <strong>Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE), Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.</strong></li>
<li>It was established on <strong>16 July 1929</strong> and was formerly known as <strong>Imperial Council of Agricultural Research.</strong></li>
<li>It is headquartered at <strong>New Delhi.</strong></li>
<li>It is the apex body for coordinating, guiding and managing research and education in agriculture including horticulture, fisheries and animal sciences in the entire country.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Krishi Vigyan Kendras</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It is an integral part of the <strong>National Agricultural Research System (NARS),</strong> which aims at the assessment of location-specific technology modules in agriculture and allied enterprises, through technology assessment, refinement, and demonstrations.</li>
<li>KVKs have been functioning as Knowledge and Resource Centre of agricultural technology supporting initiatives of public, private and voluntary sectors for improving the agricultural economy of the district and are linking the NARS with extension system and farmers.</li>
<li>These are <strong>100% funded by the Government of India.</strong></li>
<li>The <strong>first KVK</strong> was established in <strong>1974 at Puducherry.</strong></li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/icar-to-set-up-farmers-innovation-fund/article30495824.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 3965,
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		'title' => 'Hunar Haat',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the Governor of Maharashtra inaugurated a Hunar Haat in Mumbai.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Hunar Haat is an <strong>exhibition of handicrafts and traditional products</strong> made by artisans from the <strong>minority communities.</strong></li>
<li>These are organised by <strong>the Ministry of Minority Affairs</strong> under <strong>USTTAD (Upgrading the Skills &amp; Training in Traditional Arts/Crafts for Development)</strong> scheme.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The USTTAD scheme aims to promote and preserve the<strong> rich heritage of the traditional arts &amp; crafts of the minority communities.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>These Haat aim to <strong>provide market exposure and employment opportunities</strong> to artisans, craftsmen and traditional culinary experts.</li>
<li>It envisages boosting the skills of craftsmen, weavers and artisans who are already engaged in the traditional ancestral work.</li>
<li>&lsquo;Hunar Haat&rsquo; has proved to be <strong>&ldquo;Empowerment Exchange&rdquo;</strong> for master artisans and craftsmen.</li>
<li>The next &lsquo;Hunar Haat&rsquo; will be organised at Lucknow from 10th to 20th January 2020.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1597178" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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