Warning (2)APP/Controller/AppController.php , line 106 ]Code Context */ class AppController extends Controller { $file = '/var/www/drishtiias.com/public_html/vendor/composer/../../src/Controller/AppController.php' include - APP/Controller/AppController.php, line 35
Composer\Autoload\includeFile - ROOT/vendor/composer/ClassLoader.php, line 444
Composer\Autoload\ClassLoader::loadClass() - ROOT/vendor/composer/ClassLoader.php, line 322
spl_autoload_call - [internal], line ??
include - APP/Controller/ArticlesController.php, line 41
Composer\Autoload\includeFile - ROOT/vendor/composer/ClassLoader.php, line 444
Composer\Autoload\ClassLoader::loadClass() - ROOT/vendor/composer/ClassLoader.php, line 322
spl_autoload_call - [internal], line ??
class_exists - [internal], line ??
Cake\Core\App::_classExistsInBase() - CORE/src/Core/App.php, line 152
Cake\Core\App::className() - CORE/src/Core/App.php, line 64
Cake\Http\ControllerFactory::getControllerClass() - CORE/src/Http/ControllerFactory.php, line 88
Cake\Http\ControllerFactory::create() - CORE/src/Http/ControllerFactory.php, line 36
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 90
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 108
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 104 Warning (2)APP/Controller/ErrorController.php , line 42 ]Code Context */ class ErrorController extends AppController { $file = '/var/www/drishtiias.com/public_html/vendor/composer/../../src/Controller/ErrorController.php' include - APP/Controller/ErrorController.php, line 24
Composer\Autoload\includeFile - ROOT/vendor/composer/ClassLoader.php, line 444
Composer\Autoload\ClassLoader::loadClass() - ROOT/vendor/composer/ClassLoader.php, line 322
spl_autoload_call - [internal], line ??
class_exists - [internal], line ??
Cake\Core\App::_classExistsInBase() - CORE/src/Core/App.php, line 152
Cake\Core\App::className() - CORE/src/Core/App.php, line 64
Cake\Error\ExceptionRenderer::_getController() - CORE/src/Error/ExceptionRenderer.php, line 124
Cake\Error\ExceptionRenderer::__construct() - CORE/src/Error/ExceptionRenderer.php, line 91
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::getRenderer() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 174
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::handleException() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 116
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 100
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 81
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 40 Warning (512)CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php , line 48 ]Code Context if ( Configure :: read ( 'debug' )) { trigger_error ( $message , E_USER_WARNING ); } else { $response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {
'status' => (int) 500,
'contentType' => 'text/html',
'headers' => [
'Content-Type' => [
[maximum depth reached]
]
],
'file' => null,
'fileRange' => [],
'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
'cacheDirectives' => [],
'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-4105321775414527" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<meta name="google-site-verification" content="T8BPOWVB3_clU2T2Wap2B9I4tEthojpBZYEgp2zW7Tk" />
<link rel="alternate" href="https://www.drishtiias.com/tags/international-relations" hreflang="en-in" />
<link href="https://www.drishtiias.com/drishti/img/drishti_logo_new_eng.png" type="image/x-icon" rel="icon"/>
<!--[if ie]><meta content='IE=edge,chrome=1' http-equiv='X-UA-Compatible'/><![endif]-->
<meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no" />
<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.drishtiias.com/tags/international-relations" />
<meta name="robots" content="index,follow">
<meta name="description" content="">
<meta name="keywords" content="">
<script src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js" async defer></script>
<meta property="og:type" content="article" />
<meta property="og:title" content="Error" />
<meta property="og:description" content="" />
<meta property="og:image" content="https://www.drishtiias.com/drishti/img/drishti-dual-logo.jpg" />
<meta property="og:url" content="https://www.drishtiias.com/tags/international-relations" />
<meta property="og:site_name" content="Drishti IAS" />
<meta name="twitter:title" content="Error">
<meta name="twitter:description" content="">
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.drishtiias.com/drishti/img/drishti-dual-logo.jpg">
<meta name="twitter:site" content="Drishti IAS">
<meta name="twitter:creator" content="Drishti IAS">
<meta name="facebook-domain-verification" content="sxa6keafeqv68530rmdvc3suj228cb" />
<!-- Google tag (gtag.js) -->
<script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-BWKXYCN4T4"></script>
<script>
window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}
gtag('js', new Date());
gtag('config', 'G-BWKXYCN4T4');
</script>
<!-- Removed Schema -->
<style>
.statepcs .paper-menu.paper-submenu a {
width: 32.5%;
}
.statepcs .paper-menu.quiz a {
width: 100%;
background:linear-gradient(to right, #ed4757, #dd4c76);
}
.statepcs .paper-menu.quiz a:hover {
width: 100%;
background:linear-gradient(135deg, #27adb9 0%, #27b999 76%);
}
.statepcs .paper-menu.paper-submenu a.state-pcs-quiz {
display:none;
}
.statepcs .paper-menu a.state-pcs-quiz {
display:none;
}
.statepcs .submenu ul li {
width: auto;
display: inline-block;
position: relative;
margin: 0 0 10px;
padding-right: 10px;
padding-left: 0px;
background: transparent;
font-size: 18px;
color: #000;
line-height: 1.6;
}
.statepcs .submenu ul li a {
color: #000;
font-style: italic;
font-size: 13px;
background-color: #efc08c;
border-radius: 4px;
padding: 5px 8px;
}
.statepcs .submenu ul li a:hover {
color: #000;
}
.statepcs .submenu ul {
margin: -7px 0 20px;
padding-left:0px;
}
.starRating{
margin-top: -13px;
margin-bottom: 22px;
}
.starRating i{
font-size:11px;
color:#000;
}
.checked {
color: orange;
font-size:14px;
}
.unchecked {
color: #9e9e9e9e;
font-size:14px;
}
.part-register{
width: 45%;
display: inline-block;
text-align: center;
vertical-align: top;
}
.part-register-left{
width: 49%;
display: inline-block;
text-align: left;
vertical-align: top;
}
.part-register-left .button-block .btn.red {
text-align:center;
margin:20px 0 20px 0;
width:60%;
padding:12px;
}
.part-register-left .button-block a span{
text-align:center;
display:block;
font-size:12px;
font-weight:400;
margin-top:5px;
}
.article-list.mobile{
display:none;
}
.online-pendrive-course.online-course-truecaller .content-block .text-block{
width:95%;
}
.online-pendrive-course.online-course-truecaller .content-block h2{
font-weight:600;
font-size:22px;
}
bookcouncelling
.webinar .selectcolor,.bookcouncelling .selectcolor {
color:#000;
}
.webinar .emptyselectcolor,.bookcouncelling .emptyselectcolor{
color: rgba(0,0,0,0.4);
}
.contact-block.teacherreg
{
margin-top: 0px!important;
}
.map-box.mobile
{
display:none;
}
.online-pendrive-course.online-course .content-block .part-register .btn-block a.btn.red {
margin-top:40px;
}
#councellingfrm select,input[type="text"], input[type="email"], input[type="tel"], input[type="password"], textarea {
font-size:14px;
}
#councellingfrm textarea {
font-size:14px;
}
.bookcouncelling .form-row input[type="checkbox"], .teacherreg .form-row input[type="checkbox"] {
height:36px;
}
.bookcouncelling #interested_block, .teacherreg #interested_block {
background-color: aliceblue;
padding: 10px;
border-radius: 5px;
margin-top: 10px;
}
.online-pendrive-course.online-course-truecaller {
min-height: 765px;
padding: 60px 0 90px;
background: none;
text-align: left;
}
@media all and (max-width:767px) {
.statepcs .paper-menu.paper-submenu a.state-pcs-quiz {
display:block;
width:100%;
background:linear-gradient(to right, #ed4757, #dd4c76);
}
.statepcs .paper-menu.paper-submenu a:hover.state-pcs-quiz {
background:linear-gradient(135deg, #27adb9 0%, #27b999 76%);
}
.statepcs .paper-menu a.state-pcs-quiz {
display:block;
width:100%;
background:linear-gradient(to right, #ed4757, #dd4c76);
}
.statepcs .paper-menu a:hover.state-pcs-quiz {
background:linear-gradient(135deg, #27adb9 0%, #27b999 76%);
}
.statepcs .paper-menu.paper-submenu a {
width: 49%;
margin-bottom:5px;
}
.statepcs .paper-menu a{
width:49%;
margin-bottom:5px;
}
.statepcs .paper-menu.downloads a{
width:100%;
margin-bottom:5px;
}
.part-register{
width: 100%;
}
.part-register-left{
width: 100%;
display: block;
}
.part-register-left .button-block .btn.red{
width:100%;
}
.article-list.desktop{
display:none;
}
.article-list.mobile{
display:block;
}
..feature-text.online-course-truecaller h2{
font-size:20px;
}
.online-pendrive-course.online-course-truecaller .content-block .text-block{
width:100%;
}
.online-pendrive-course.online-course .content-block .part-register .btn-block a.btn.red {
margin-top:15px;
line-height:1;
margin:15px 0px 9px!important;
}
.webinar .agree_chk {
height: 18px;
}
.map-box.mobile
{
display:block;
}
.map-box.desktop
{
display:none;
}
.contact-block.webinar
{
margin-top: 0px;
}
.contact-block.teacherreg
{
margin-top: 0px!important;
}
#interested_block .field {
margin-bottom:0px !important;
}
/* .otpfield {
width: 100%;
}
.orotp {
width:100%;
margin-top:10px;
}
.contact-form .orotp p {
margin-bottom: 10px;
} */
#resendotp {
width: 100%;
margin-top: 10px;
}
}
</style>
<script>(function(w,d,t,r,u){var f,n,i;w[u]=w[u]||[],f=function(){var o={ti:"17388975"};o.q=w[u],w[u]=new UET(o),w[u].push("pageLoad")},n=d.createElement(t),n.src=r,n.async=1,n.onload=n.onreadystatechange=function(){var s=this.readyState;s&&s!=="loaded"&&s!=="complete"||(f(),n.onload=n.onreadystatechange=null)},i=d.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],i.parentNode.insertBefore(n,i)})(window,document,"script","//bat.bing.com/bat.js","uetq");</script>
<!-- Google Tag Manager -->
<script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':
new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],
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})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-N343FSV');</script>
<!-- End Google Tag Manager -->
<title>Error</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/drishti/css/main.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/drishti/css/custom.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/drishti/css/colorbox.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/drishti/css/datepicker.css"/>
<script>var SITEURL='https://www.drishtiias.com/';</script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/drishti/css/fancybox.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//code.jquery.com/ui/1.12.1/themes/base/jquery-ui.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css">
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:400,300,500,700,900" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="/drishti/js/jquery.min.js"></script> <!-- <script src='https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js' type='text/javascript'></script> -->
<script src='https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js' ></script>
<script src="https://www.drishtiias.com/webroot/admin/js/tinymce/js/tinymce/tinymce.min.js" ></script>
<script src="https://www.drishtiias.com/webroot/admin/js/tinymce/js/tinymce/jquery.tinymce.min.js" ></script>
<script src="https://www.drishtiias.com/webroot/admin/js/jquery.nicescroll.js" ></script>
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/ui/1.12.1/jquery-ui.js" ></script>
<script>
$( function() {
$("#accordion").accordion({ heightStyle: "content" });
//$( "#accordion" ).accordion();
} );
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(function() {
$("#accordion").niceScroll({ cursorcolor:"#c8c7c7", cursorwidth: "8px", autohidemode: false });
});
tinymce.init({
selector: 'textarea.ckeditor',
height: 350,
relative_urls: false,
theme: 'modern',
plugins: [
'lists preview','searchreplace wordcount','table','paste textcolor textpattern'
],
toolbar1: 'bold italic | undo redo | alignleft aligncenter alignright alignjustify | bullist numlist outdent indent | preview | fontsizeselect | forecolor | backcolor',
image_advtab: true,
fontsize_formats: '8px 10px 12px 14px 18px 24px 36px',
content_css: [
'//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:300,300i,400,400i',
'https://www.drishtiias.com//drishti/css/main.css',
'https://www.drishtiias.com//drishti/css/editor.css'
],
paste_preprocess : function(pl, o) {
o.content = strip_tags( o.content,'<p><br><br/><strong><b><ol><ul><h1><h2><h3><h4><h5><li><font>');
},
});
</script>
<!-- Google Analytics -->
<script type="text/javascript">
(function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){
(i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),
m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)
})(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga');
ga('create', 'UA-44746876-2', 'drishtiias.com');
ga('send', 'pageview');
</script>
<!-- End Google Analytics -->
<script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function(){
$('#searchlink').on('click',function(){
$('.search-popup').find('input[type="text"]').focus();
});
});
</script>
<!-- Twitter universal website tag code -->
<script>
!function(e,t,n,s,u,a){e.twq||(s=e.twq=function(){s.exe?s.exe.apply(s,arguments):s.queue.push(arguments);
},s.version='1.1',s.queue=[],u=t.createElement(n),u.async=!0,u.src='//static.ads-twitter.com/uwt.js',
a=t.getElementsByTagName(n)[0],a.parentNode.insertBefore(u,a))}(window,document,'script');
// Insert Twitter Pixel ID and Standard Event data below
twq('init','o140x');
twq('track','PageView');
</script>
<!-- End Twitter universal website tag code -->
<!-- Begin Mailchimp Signup Form -->
<link href="//cdn-images.mailchimp.com/embedcode/horizontal-slim-10_7.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<style type="text/css">
#mc_embed_signup{background:#fff; clear:left; font:14px Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; width:100%;}
/* Add your own Mailchimp form style overrides in your site stylesheet or in this style block.
We recommend moving this block and the preceding CSS link to the HEAD of your HTML file. */
</style>
<!-- <script type="text/javascript" src="//script.crazyegg.com/pages/scripts/0084/3729.js" async="async"></script> -->
<!-- Start Alexa Certify Javascript -->
<!-- <script type="text/javascript">
_atrk_opts = { atrk_acct:"+JHos1B46r20ly", domain:"drishtiias.com",dynamic: true};
(function() { var as = document.createElement('script'); as.type = 'text/javascript'; as.async = true; as.src = "https://certify-js.alexametrics.com/atrk.js"; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];s.parentNode.insertBefore(as, s); })();
</script>
<noscript><img src="https://certify.alexametrics.com/atrk.gif?account=+JHos1B46r20ly" style="display:none" height="1" width="1" alt="" /></noscript> -->
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<!-- Facebook Pixel Code -->
<script>
!function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s)
{if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod?
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t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];
s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script',
'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js');
fbq('init', '1121724864951499');
fbq('track', 'PageView');
</script>
<noscript><img height="1" width="1" style="display:none"
src="https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=1121724864951499&ev=PageView&noscript=1"
/></noscript>
<!-- End Facebook Pixel Code -->
<script>(function(w,d,t,r,u){var f,n,i;w[u]=w[u]||[],f=function(){var o={ti:"17388975"};o.q=w[u],w[u]=new UET(o),w[u].push("pageLoad")},n=d.createElement(t),n.src=r,n.async=1,n.onload=n.onreadystatechange=function(){var s=this.readyState;s&&s!=="loaded"&&s!=="complete"||(f(),n.onload=n.onreadystatechange=null)},i=d.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],i.parentNode.insertBefore(n,i)})(window,document,"script","//bat.bing.com/bat.js","uetq");</script>
<!-- Start Alexa Certify Javascript -->
<!-- <script type="text/javascript">
_atrk_opts = { atrk_acct:"+JHos1B46r20ly", domain:"drishtiias.com",dynamic: true};
(function() { var as = document.createElement('script'); as.type = 'text/javascript'; as.async = true; as.src = "https://certify-js.alexametrics.com/atrk.js"; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];s.parentNode.insertBefore(as, s); })();
</script>
<noscript><img src="https://certify.alexametrics.com/atrk.gif?account=+JHos1B46r20ly" style="display:none" height="1" width="1" alt="" /></noscript> -->
<!-- End Alexa Certify Javascript -->
<style>
#myImg {
border-radius: 5px;
cursor: pointer;
transition: 0.3s;
}
#myImg:hover {opacity: 0.7;}
/* The Modal (background) */
.modal {
display: none; /* Hidden by default */
position: fixed; /* Stay in place */
z-index: 99; /* Sit on top */
padding-top: 100px; /* Location of the box */
left: 0;
top: 0;
width: 100%; /* Full width */
height: 100%; /* Full height */
overflow: auto; /* Enable scroll if needed */
background-color: rgb(0,0,0); /* Fallback color */
background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.8); /* Black w/ opacity */
}
/* Modal Content (image) */
.modal-content {
margin: auto;
display: block;
width: 80%;
max-width: 600px;
}
/* Caption of Modal Image */
#caption {
margin: auto;
display: block;
width: 80%;
max-width: 700px;
text-align: center;
color: #ccc;
padding: 10px 0;
height: 150px;
}
/* Add Animation */
.modal-content, #caption {
-webkit-animation-name: zoom;
-webkit-animation-duration: 0.6s;
animation-name: zoom;
animation-duration: 0.6s;
}
@-webkit-keyframes zoom {
from {-webkit-transform:scale(0)}
to {-webkit-transform:scale(1)}
}
@keyframes zoom {
from {transform:scale(0)}
to {transform:scale(1)}
}
/* The Close Button */
.close {
position: absolute;
top: 15px;
right: 35px;
color: #f1f1f1;
font-size: 40px;
font-weight: bold;
transition: 0.3s;
}
.close:hover,
.close:focus {
color: #bbb;
text-decoration: none;
cursor: pointer;
}
/* 100% Image Width on Smaller Screens */
@media only screen and (max-width: 700px){
.modal-content {
width: 90%;
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
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<noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-N343FSV"
height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>
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<div id="scroll-top">
</div>
<div class="mobile-bar">
<style media="screen">
/* If in case of when user face issue with options text overlapping dated - 14-07-2025 */
#qa-form .custom-question {
max-height: 200px;
overflow-y: auto;
margin: 0 0 20px;
}
.quiz-result {
padding: 15px 15px;
height: 480px;
overflow: auto;
}
#answer_panel {
max-height: 200px;
overflow-y: auto;
padding: 10px;
}
.custom-answer {
margin-bottom: 10px;
display: flex;
align-items: flex-start;
}
.custom-answer label {
display: flex;
gap: 10px;
cursor: pointer;
}
.custom-answer label p {
margin: 0;
max-width: 100%;
word-break: break-word;
}
/* based on Quiz section issue */
.header .logo img{
width: 75px !important;
}
body, html {
height: auto !important;
}
/* Body width adjustment */
@media (min-width: 340px) and (max-width: 349px) {
body {
max-width: 103%;
}
}
@media (min-width: 330px) and (max-width: 339px) {
body {
max-width: 106%;
}
}
@media (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 329px) {
body {
max-width: 109%;
}
}
@media (min-width: 310px) and (max-width: 319px) {
body {
max-width: 113%;
}
}
@media (min-width: 300px) and (max-width: 309px) {
body {
max-width: 117%;
}
}
/* End body width */
.mobile-bar .fixed{
padding: 5px 0 5px !important;
}
nav #menu ul li a {
font-size: 13px !important;
}
.col-social {
padding-top: 0px !important;
}
body, html {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
overflow-x: hidden;
}
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<div class="fixedButton_hand mobile_view_only">
<div class="roundedFixedBtn_hand">
<font size="2px">Share Page</font>
<i style="color:white;font-size:15px;" class="fa fa-hand-o-down" aria-hidden="true"></i>
</div>
</div>
<a href="https://telegram.me/share/url?url=https://www.drishtiias.com/tags/international-relations?page=20&text=Drishti IAS English!" target="_blank" class="fixedButton_tg mobile_view_only">
<div class="roundedFixedBtn">
<i style="color:#0077b5!important;font-size:25px;" class="fa fa-telegram"></i>
</div>
</a>
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.drishtiias.com/tags/international-relations?page=20" target="_blank" class="fixedButton_fb mobile_view_only">
<div class="roundedFixedBtn">
<i style="color:#4267B2;font-size:25px;" class="fa fa-facebook"></i>
</div>
</a>
<a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://www.drishtiias.com/tags/international-relations?page=20&text=Drishti IAS English!" target="_blank" class="fixedButton_tw mobile_view_only">
<div class="roundedFixedBtn">
<!-- <i style="color:#00acee!important;font-size:25px;" class="fa fa-twitter fa-social"></i> -->
<img src="https://vault.drishtijudiciary.com/english_file_uploads/1735195613_twitter-new-remove.png" alt="images-2" border="0" style="max-height:25px;padding-top: 8px;">
</div>
</a>
<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://www.drishtiias.com/tags/international-relations?page=20&title=&summary=Drishti IAS English!&source=" target="_blank" class="fixedButton_ln mobile_view_only">
<div class="roundedFixedBtn">
<i style="color:#0077b5!important;font-size:25px;" class="fa fa-linkedin fa-social"></i>
</div>
</a>
<a href="https://api.whatsapp.com/send?text=https://www.drishtiias.com/tags/international-relations?page=20" target="_blank" class="fixedButton_wp mobile_view_only">
<div class="roundedFixedBtn">
<i style="color:#25D366!important;font-size:25px;" class="fa fa-whatsapp fa-social"></i>
</div>
</a>
<div class="popup-box search-popup">
<div class="search-popup--box">
<form method="post" action="https://www.drishtiias.com/search" name="searchfrm" id="searchfrm">
<input type="text" placeholder="Search what you are looking for:" name="search" id="search">
<button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>
<p> </p>
<button type="submit" class="btn-close" rel="close-popup">Close</button>
</div>
</div>
<script>
$('#searchfrm').submit(function(e){
var search=$('#search').val();
location='https://www.drishtiias.com/search/'+search;
e.preventDefault();
});
$(document).ready(function(){
$('.comin-soon').colorbox({innerWidth: 1100, innerHeight: 530});
if(screen.width < 1199){
$('.comin-soon').colorbox({innerWidth: 800, innerHeight: 530});
}
if(screen.width < 801){
$('.comin-soon').colorbox({innerWidth: 300, innerHeight: 350});
}
$('.youtube').colorbox({ iframe:true, innerWidth:640, innerHeight:390 });
if(screen.width < 768){
$('.youtube').colorbox({innerWidth:280, innerHeight:177});
}
});
</script>
<!-- Floating Social Media bar Starts -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css">
<div class="float-sm">
<!-- Removed class sur-move -->
<!-- Removed ondragover="allowDrop(event)" ondrag="dragging(event)" ondrop="drop(event)" -->
<!-- Removed draggable="true" -->
<!-- onclick="show_social_float_icons();" -->
<div id="float-plus" style="cursor:pointer;" class="fl-fl float-plus">
<!-- <i style="color:red;" class="fa fa-plus fa-social"></i> -->
<img src="https://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1637393581_social-media-expand.png">
</div>
<div style="cursor:pointer;" onclick="remove_social_float_icons();"class="fl-fl float-cross">
<i style="color:red" class="fa fa-close fa-social"></i>
</div>
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.drishtiias.com/tags/international-relations?page=20" target="_blank">
<div class="fl-fl float-fb">
<i style="color:#4267B2" class="fa fa-facebook fa-social"></i>
</div>
</a>
<a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://www.drishtiias.com/tags/international-relations?page=20&text=Drishti IAS English!" target="_blank">
<div class="fl-fl float-tw">
<!-- <i style="color:#00acee!important;" class="fa fa-twitter fa-social"></i> -->
<img src="https://vault.drishtijudiciary.com/english_file_uploads/1735195613_twitter-new-remove.png" alt="images-2" border="0" style="max-height:25px;padding-top: 8px;">
</div>
</a>
<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://www.drishtiias.com/tags/international-relations?page=20&title=&summary=Drishti IAS English!&source=" target="_blank">
<div class="fl-fl float-rs">
<i style="color:#0077b5!important;"class="fa fa-linkedin fa-social"></i>
</div>
</a>
<a href="https://www.instagram.com/drishtiiasenglish/?utm_medium=copy_link" target="_blank">
<div class="fl-fl float-ig">
<i style="color:#cd486b!important;" class="fa fa-instagram fa-social"></i>
</div>
</a>
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCafpueX9hFLls24ed6UddEQ/featured" target="_blank">
<div class="fl-fl float-pn">
<i style="color:red!important;" class="fa fa-youtube-play fa-social"></i>
</div>
</a>
<a href="https://api.whatsapp.com/send?text=https://www.drishtiias.com/tags/international-relations?page=20" target="_blank">
<div style="" class="fl-fl float-wp">
<i style="color:#25D366!important;"class="fa fa-whatsapp fa-social"></i>
</div>
</a>
<a href="https://telegram.me/share/url?url=https://www.drishtiias.com/tags/international-relations?page=20&text=Drishti IAS English!" target="_blank">
<div style="" class="fl-fl float-tg">
<i style="color:#0077b5!important;"class="fa fa-telegram fa-social"></i>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<script>
// For desktop - DRAGGABLE
var screen_width_resize_before = window.innerWidth;
var screen_width_resize_before = parseInt(screen_width_resize_before, 10);
window.addEventListener("resize", function(){
var screen_width_resize_after = window.innerWidth;
var screen_width_resize_after = parseInt(screen_width_resize_after, 10);
var current_location = box.style.left;
var current_location = parseInt(current_location, 10)
var screen_middle = (screen_width_resize_after /2);
var xx = (screen_width_resize_after*0.04);
var x = (screen_width_resize_after*0.009);
if(screen_width_resize_after > screen_width_resize_before){
//Zoom out
if(current_location > screen_middle){
box.style.left = (screen_width_resize_after-xx) + 'px';
} else {
box.style.left = x + 'px';
}
} else {
//Zoom in
if(current_location > screen_middle){
box.style.left = (screen_width_resize_after-xx) + 'px';
} else {
box.style.left = x + 'px';
}
}
var screen_width_resize_before = screen_width_resize_after;
});
document.addEventListener('scroll',(event) => {
var box_top=parseInt(box.style.top, 10);
var window_height=parseInt(window.innerHeight, 10);
if((box_top >= window_height) || (box_top <= 0)){
const body = document.body;
body.style.overflow = "auto";
body.style.pointerEvents = "auto";
box.style.transition = "all 1s ease 0s";
var screen_width = window.innerWidth;
var screen_width = parseInt(screen_width, 10)
var current_location = box.style.left;
var current_location = parseInt(current_location, 10)
var screen_middle = (screen_width/2);
var xx = (screen_width*0.04);
var x = (screen_width*0.009);
if(current_location > screen_middle){
box.style.left = (screen_width-xx) + 'px';
} else {
box.style.left = x + 'px';
}
box.style.top = (window_height*0.5)+'px';
}
},
{ passive: true }
);
$('.float-plus').draggable();
$(".float-plus").css("position", "fixed");
$(".float-plus").css("z-index", "999");
$('.float-plus').click(function(){
show_social_float_icons();
});
var box = document.getElementById('float-plus');
$('.float-plus').mousedown(function(){
const body = document.body;
box.style.transition = "all 0s ease 0s";
body.style.overflow = "hidden";
body.style.pointerEvents = "auto";
});
$('.float-plus').mouseup(function(){
const body = document.body;
body.style.overflow = "auto";
body.style.pointerEvents = "auto";
box.style.transition = "all 1s ease 0s";
var screen_width = window.innerWidth;
var screen_width = parseInt(screen_width, 10)
var current_location = box.style.left;
var current_location = parseInt(current_location, 10)
var screen_middle = (screen_width/2);
var xx = (screen_width*0.04);
var x = (screen_width*0.009);
if(current_location > screen_middle){
box.style.left = (screen_width-xx) + 'px';
} else {
box.style.left = x + 'px';
}
});
// For MOBILE TOUCH - DRAGGABLE
box.addEventListener('touchstart', function(e) {
box.style.transition = "all 0s ease 0s";
});
box.addEventListener('touchmove', function(e) {
e.preventDefault();
box.style.transform = "translate(-50%, -50%)";
var touchLocation = e.targetTouches[0];
box.style.left = (touchLocation.pageX-window.scrollX) + 'px';
box.style.top = (touchLocation.pageY-window.scrollY) + 'px';
});
box.addEventListener('touchend', function(e) {
box.style.transition = "all 1s ease 0s";
var screen_width = screen.width;
var screen_width = parseInt(screen_width, 10)
var current_location = box.style.left;
var current_location = parseInt(current_location, 10)
var screen_middle = (screen_width/2);
var xx = (screen_width*0.05);
var x = (screen_width*0.05);
if(current_location > screen_middle){
box.style.left = (screen_width-xx) + 'px';
} else {
box.style.left = x + 'px';
}
});
</script>
<script>
function remove_social_float_icons() {
$(".float-fb").animate({
top: "-=8%",
}, 500 );
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-fb" ).hide("slow");
},500);
$(".float-tw").animate({
top: "-=16%",
}, 500 );
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-tw" ).hide("slow");
},500);
$(".float-rs").animate({
top: "-=24%",
}, 500 );
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-rs" ).hide("slow");
},500);
$(".float-ig").animate({
top: "-=32%",
}, 500 );
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-ig" ).hide("slow");
},500);
$(".float-pn").animate({
top: "-=40%",
}, 500 );
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-pn" ).hide("slow");
},500);
$(".float-wp").animate({
top: "-=48%",
}, 500 );
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-wp" ).hide("slow");
},500);
var width = (window.innerWidth > 0) ? window.innerWidth : screen.width;
if(width >= 700){
$(".float-tg").animate({
top: "-=56%",
}, 500 );
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-tg" ).hide("slow");
},500);
}
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-cross" ).hide("slow");
},500);
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-plus" ).show("slow");
},500);
sessionStorage.setItem("remove_social_icons", "1");
}
function show_social_float_icons(){
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-plus" ).hide("slow");
},10);
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-fb" ).show("slow");
},10);
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-tw" ).show("slow");
},10);
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-rs" ).show("slow");
},10);
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-ig" ).show("slow");
},10);
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-pn" ).show("slow");
},10);
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-wp" ).show("slow");
},10);
var width = (window.innerWidth > 0) ? window.innerWidth : screen.width;
if(width >= 700){
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-tg" ).show("slow");
},10);
}
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-cross" ).show("slow");
},10);
$(".float-fb").animate({
top: "+=8%",
}, 500 );
$(".float-tw").animate({
top: "+=16%",
}, 600 );
$(".float-rs").animate({
top: "+=24%",
}, 700 );
$(".float-ig").animate({
top: "+=32%",
}, 800 );
$(".float-pn").animate({
top: "+=40%",
}, 900 );
$(".float-wp").animate({
top: "+=48%",
}, 1000 );
if(width >= 700){
$(".float-tg").animate({
top: "+=56%",
}, 1000 );
}
sessionStorage.setItem("remove_social_icons", "0");
}
$(document).ready(function(){
var value = sessionStorage.getItem("remove_social_icons");
if(value == '1'){
remove_social_float_icons();
}
});
</script>
<!-- Floating Social Media bar Ends -->
<style>
@media only screen and (max-width: 700px) {
.float-sm {
display:none;
}
.fl-fl {
width: 40px !important;
height: 40px!important;
}
.fa-social{
padding: 5px 0!important;
}
.float-plus{
/* Prev 30 px and 30px */
width: 40px !important;
height: 40px!important;
}
.fa-plus{
padding: 5px 0!important;
/* Prev 6 px and 10px */
/* font-size:20px!important; */
}
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 700px) {
.float-tg{
display:;
}
.fl-fl {
margin-left: 10px;
}
}
/* Floating Social Media Bar Style Starts Here */
.float-plus{
display: none;
}
.float-sm {
display:;
text-align:center;
}
.fl-fl {
background: #dcdcdc;
text-transform: uppercase;
letter-spacing: 3px;
padding: 4px;
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
position: fixed;
/* right: 50px; */
z-index: 1000;
font: normal normal 10px Arial;
-webkit-transition: all .25s ease;
-moz-transition: all .25s ease;
-ms-transition: all .25s ease;
-o-transition: all .25s ease;
transition: all .25s ease;
opacity: 0.9;
transition: transform .2s;
border-radius:10px;
}
.fa-social {
font-size: 20px;
color: #fff;
padding: 10px 0;
/* width: 40px; */
/* margin-left: 8px; */
}
/* .fl-fl:hover { */
/* right: 100; */
/* opacity: 1; */
/* transform: scale(1.15); */
/* } */
.fl-fl a {
color: #fff !important;
text-decoration: none;
text-align: center;
line-height: 43px!important;
vertical-align: top!important;
}
.float-plus {
top: 22%;
}
.float-cross {
top: 22%;
}
.float-fb {
top: 30%;
}
.float-tw {
top: 38%;
}
.float-rs {
top: 46%;
}
.float-ig {
top: 54%;
}
.float-pn {
top: 62%;
}
.float-wp {
top: 70%;
}
.float-tg {
top: 78%;
}
/* Floating Social Media Bar Style Ends Here */
</style>
<script>
// function to close the popup
function closePopup() {
var modal = document.getElementById("myModal");
modal.style.display = "none";
}
// function to open the popup
function openPopup() {
var modal = document.getElementById("myModal");
modal.style.display = "block";
}
// Added the code - If user click on anywhere outside the popup
$('body').click(function(e) {
$('#myModal').hide();
});
$('#popclose').on('click',function(e){
$('#myModal').css('display','none');
});
// automatically open the popup on page load
window.onload = openPopup;
</script>
<style>
/* CSS for the popup */
.modals {
display: none;
position: fixed;
z-index: 1000;
padding-top: 10%;
left: 0;
top: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
overflow: auto;
background-color: rgb(0,0,0);
background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.8);
box-shadow: 0px 0px 10px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.5);
transition: transform 0.3s ease-in-out;
}
/* The Close Button */
.close {
color: white;
float: right;
font-size: 28px;
font-weight: bold;
cursor: pointer;
}
.close:hover,
.close:focus {
color: #000;
text-decoration: none;
cursor: pointer;
}
/* The Image */
.modal-content_updated {
border-radius: 5px;
margin: auto;
display: block;
max-width: 450px !important ;
max-width: 90%;
}
@media only screen and (max-width: 700px){
.modal-content_updated{
margin-top: 35%;
}
}
</style>
<script src="/drishti/js/slick.min.js"></script> <script src="/drishti/js/nav.js"></script>
<script src="/drishti/js/jquery.colorbox.js"></script> <script src="/drishti/js/jquery.datepicker.js"></script> <script src="/drishti/js/jquery.multi-select.js"></script> <script src="/drishti/js/custom.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function(){
if(screen.width < 768){
$('.box-toggle .box-slide p.subheading').click(function(){
$(this).toggleClass('open').next().slideToggle();
});
}
});
</script>
<!-- search bar javascript -->
<script>
function createButtons(noOfPages,pageId){
var Buttons = document.getElementById('Buttons');
if(pageId != 1){
var Prev = document.createElement('li');
Prev.innerHTML = (`<button type = "button" name="submit" id= "${pageId-1}" class = "button btn btn-secondary">Prev</button>`);
Buttons.append(Prev);
}
for(i = 1; i<=noOfPages; i++){
var li = document.createElement('li');
li.innerHTML = (`<button type = "button" name="submit" id= "${i}" class = "button btn btn-secondary">${i}</button>`);
Buttons.append(li);
}
if(pageId != noOfPages){
var Next = document.createElement('li');
Next.innerHTML = (`<button type = "button" name="submit" id= "${++pageId}" class = "button btn btn-secondary">Next</button>`);
Buttons.append(Next);
}
}
function activeButtons(id){
allButtons = Array.from(document.getElementsByClassName('button'));
allButtons.forEach(button =>
button.style.color = null
)
console.log(id);
activeButton = document.getElementById(id);
activeButton.style.backgroundColor ='#fba113';
activeButton.disabled = true;
}
var noOfPages = document.getElementById('pagesCount').value;
var pageId = document.getElementById('pageId').value;
if(!pageId){
pageId = 1;
}
// alert(noOfPages);
createButtons(noOfPages,pageId);
activeButtons(pageId);
</script>
<script>
search = document.getElementById('search-text').value;
buttons = Array.from(document.getElementsByClassName('button'));
buttons.forEach(button=>{
button.addEventListener('click', btnEvent => {
// console.log(button.id);
$.ajax({
method: "POST",
url: "https://www.drishtiias.com/search/",
data:{
'id': button.id,
'search': search
},
headers: {
'X-CSRF-TOKEN': $('[name = "_csrfToken"').val()
},
success: function(result){
$('body').html(result);
},
error: function(error){
console.log(error)
}
})
})
})
</script>
<!-- End of JS for search bar -->
<script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function(){
//alert(getCookie('isLogin'));
if(getCookie('isLogin')==1)
{
$('#myAccountDiv').css('display','inline-block');
$('#loginLink').css('display','none');
$('#registerLink').css('display','none');
$('#makeNoteLoginLink').css('display','inline-block');
$('#makeNoteLink').css('display','none');
$('#makeNoteOptionDiv').css('display','inline-block');
}
else {
$('#myAccountDiv').css('display','none');
$('#loginLink').css('display','inline-block');
$('#registerLink').css('display','inline-block');
$('#makeNoteLoginLink').css('display','none');
$('#makeNoteLink').css('display','inline-block');
$('#makeNoteOptionDiv').css('display','none');
}
});
function getCookie(name) {
var match = document.cookie.match(RegExp('(?:^|;\\s*)' + name + '=([^;]*)'));
return match ? match[1] : null;
}
</script>
<script>
var regex = /^([a-zA-Z0-9_.+-])+\@(([a-zA-Z0-9-])+\.)+([a-zA-Z0-9]{2,4})+$/;
var phonex = /^([0-9 ])+$/;
$('#newsletterfrm').submit(function(e){
var msg=true;
var txtnname=$('#txtnname').val();
var txtnemail=$('#txtnemail').val();
$('#nmsg').html('');
//$('.input-error').remove();
if(txtnname.trim()==''){
$('#txtnname').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else{
$('#txtnname').removeClass('input-error');
}
if(txtnemail.trim()==''){
$('#txtnemail').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else if(!regex.test(txtnemail)){
$('#txtnemail').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else{
$('#txtnemail').removeClass('input-error');
}
if(msg){
var form=$('#newsletterfrm').serialize();
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "https://www.drishtiias.com/pages/newsletterfrm",
data: form,
success: function(data){
if(data=='already'){
$('#nmsg').html('Email address already in use');
}else if(data=='add'){
$('#nmsg').html('Thank you for subscribing to our newsletter.');
$('#txtnname').val('');
$('#txtnemail').val('');
}else{
$('#nmsg').html('Oops! something went wrong, Please try again');
}
//$('#nloader').hide();
},
error: function(error,errortype,errorstatus){
alert(errortype);
//$('#nloader').hide();
}
});
}
e.preventDefault();
});
$('#smsalertfrm').submit(function(e){
var msg=true;
var txtnmobile=$('#txtnmobile').val();
$('#nmmsg').html('');
//$('.input-error').remove();
if(txtnmobile.trim()==''){
$('#txtnmobile').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else if(txtnmobile.trim().length!=10){
$('#txtnmobile').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else if(!phonex.test(txtnmobile)){
$('#txtnmobile').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else{
$('#txtnmobile').removeClass('input-error');
}
if(msg){
var form=$('#smsalertfrm').serialize();
//$('#nmloader').show();
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "https://www.drishtiias.com/pages/smsalertfrm",
data: form,
success: function(data){
if(data=='already'){
$('#nmmsg').html('Phone number already in use');
}else if(data=='add'){
$('#nmmsg').html('Thank you for subscribing to our SMS Alerts.');
$('#txtnmobile').val('');
}else{
$('#nmmsg').html('Oops! something went wrong, Please try again');
}
//$('#nmloader').hide();
},
error: function(error,errortype,errorstatus){
alert(errortype);
//$('#nmloader').hide();
}
});
}
e.preventDefault();
});
$('#subscriptionfrm').submit(function(e){
var msg=true;
var txtnname=$('#name').val();
var txtnemail=$('#emailaddress').val();
var txtnmobile=$('#phone').val();
$('#contactmsg').html('');
//$('.input-error').remove();
if(txtnname.trim()==''){
$('#name').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else{
$('#name').removeClass('input-error');
}
if(txtnemail.trim()==''){
$('#emailaddress').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else if(!regex.test(txtnemail)){
$('#emailaddress').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else{
$('#emailaddress').removeClass('input-error');
}
if(txtnmobile.trim()==''){
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<i style="color:#0077b5!important;font-size:25px;" class="fa fa-linkedin fa-social"></i>
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<li>
<a href="https://drishti.xyz/FB-IAS-Eng " target="_blank">
<i style="color:#4267B2;font-size:25px;" class="fa fa-facebook fa-social"></i>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://drishti.xyz/X-IAS-Eng " target="_blank" style="color: #0077b5 !important;
background-color: #ffffff;
padding: 8px;
">
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color: #ffffff;
padding: 10px 0px;
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margin-right: 5px;
padding: 0 10px;
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width: auto !important;
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width: 90%;
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margin-bottom: 25px;
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gap: 15px;
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width: 100%;
max-width: 200px;
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<div class="dla-container">
<h2 class="dla-title">Drishti Learning App - Learn Smart</h2>
<ul class="dla-app-list">
<li class="dla-app-item">
<a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.drishti.academy.app&hl=en_IN" target="_blank" class="dla-app-link">
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<style media="screen">
@media only screen and (max-width: 700px) {
.col-connect ul{
display: contents;
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}
</style>
<div class="copyright">
<div class="wrapper" style="text-align:left">
<h5 style="font-weight: bold;font-size: 15px;color:red;text-align:left;">
Copyright © 2018-2025 Drishti The Vision Foundation, India. All rights reserved
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<ul>
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<ul>
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<font size="2px">Share Page</font>
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<form method="post" action="https://www.drishtiias.com/search" name="searchfrm" id="searchfrm">
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<div class="fl-fl float-fb">
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}
</style>
<script src="/drishti/js/slick.min.js"></script> <script src="/drishti/js/nav.js"></script>
<script src="/drishti/js/jquery.colorbox.js"></script> <script src="/drishti/js/jquery.datepicker.js"></script> <script src="/drishti/js/jquery.multi-select.js"></script> <script src="/drishti/js/custom.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function(){
if(screen.width < 768){
$('.box-toggle .box-slide p.subheading').click(function(){
$(this).toggleClass('open').next().slideToggle();
});
}
});
</script>
<!-- search bar javascript -->
<script>
function createButtons(noOfPages,pageId){
var Buttons = document.getElementById('Buttons');
if(pageId != 1){
var Prev = document.createElement('li');
Prev.innerHTML = (`<button type = "button" name="submit" id= "${pageId-1}" class = "button btn btn-secondary">Prev</button>`);
Buttons.append(Prev);
}
for(i = 1; i<=noOfPages; i++){
var li = document.createElement('li');
li.innerHTML = (`<button type = "button" name="submit" id= "${i}" class = "button btn btn-secondary">${i}</button>`);
Buttons.append(li);
}
if(pageId != noOfPages){
var Next = document.createElement('li');
Next.innerHTML = (`<button type = "button" name="submit" id= "${++pageId}" class = "button btn btn-secondary">Next</button>`);
Buttons.append(Next);
}
}
function activeButtons(id){
allButtons = Array.from(document.getElementsByClassName('button'));
allButtons.forEach(button =>
button.style.color = null
)
console.log(id);
activeButton = document.getElementById(id);
activeButton.style.backgroundColor ='#fba113';
activeButton.disabled = true;
}
var noOfPages = document.getElementById('pagesCount').value;
var pageId = document.getElementById('pageId').value;
if(!pageId){
pageId = 1;
}
// alert(noOfPages);
createButtons(noOfPages,pageId);
activeButtons(pageId);
</script>
<script>
search = document.getElementById('search-text').value;
buttons = Array.from(document.getElementsByClassName('button'));
buttons.forEach(button=>{
button.addEventListener('click', btnEvent => {
// console.log(button.id);
$.ajax({
method: "POST",
url: "https://www.drishtiias.com/search/",
data:{
'id': button.id,
'search': search
},
headers: {
'X-CSRF-TOKEN': $('[name = "_csrfToken"').val()
},
success: function(result){
$('body').html(result);
},
error: function(error){
console.log(error)
}
})
})
})
</script>
<!-- End of JS for search bar -->
<script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function(){
//alert(getCookie('isLogin'));
if(getCookie('isLogin')==1)
{
$('#myAccountDiv').css('display','inline-block');
$('#loginLink').css('display','none');
$('#registerLink').css('display','none');
$('#makeNoteLoginLink').css('display','inline-block');
$('#makeNoteLink').css('display','none');
$('#makeNoteOptionDiv').css('display','inline-block');
}
else {
$('#myAccountDiv').css('display','none');
$('#loginLink').css('display','inline-block');
$('#registerLink').css('display','inline-block');
$('#makeNoteLoginLink').css('display','none');
$('#makeNoteLink').css('display','inline-block');
$('#makeNoteOptionDiv').css('display','none');
}
});
function getCookie(name) {
var match = document.cookie.match(RegExp('(?:^|;\\s*)' + name + '=([^;]*)'));
return match ? match[1] : null;
}
</script>
<script>
var regex = /^([a-zA-Z0-9_.+-])+\@(([a-zA-Z0-9-])+\.)+([a-zA-Z0-9]{2,4})+$/;
var phonex = /^([0-9 ])+$/;
$('#newsletterfrm').submit(function(e){
var msg=true;
var txtnname=$('#txtnname').val();
var txtnemail=$('#txtnemail').val();
$('#nmsg').html('');
//$('.input-error').remove();
if(txtnname.trim()==''){
$('#txtnname').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else{
$('#txtnname').removeClass('input-error');
}
if(txtnemail.trim()==''){
$('#txtnemail').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else if(!regex.test(txtnemail)){
$('#txtnemail').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else{
$('#txtnemail').removeClass('input-error');
}
if(msg){
var form=$('#newsletterfrm').serialize();
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "https://www.drishtiias.com/pages/newsletterfrm",
data: form,
success: function(data){
if(data=='already'){
$('#nmsg').html('Email address already in use');
}else if(data=='add'){
$('#nmsg').html('Thank you for subscribing to our newsletter.');
$('#txtnname').val('');
$('#txtnemail').val('');
}else{
$('#nmsg').html('Oops! something went wrong, Please try again');
}
//$('#nloader').hide();
},
error: function(error,errortype,errorstatus){
alert(errortype);
//$('#nloader').hide();
}
});
}
e.preventDefault();
});
$('#smsalertfrm').submit(function(e){
var msg=true;
var txtnmobile=$('#txtnmobile').val();
$('#nmmsg').html('');
//$('.input-error').remove();
if(txtnmobile.trim()==''){
$('#txtnmobile').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else if(txtnmobile.trim().length!=10){
$('#txtnmobile').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else if(!phonex.test(txtnmobile)){
$('#txtnmobile').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else{
$('#txtnmobile').removeClass('input-error');
}
if(msg){
var form=$('#smsalertfrm').serialize();
//$('#nmloader').show();
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "https://www.drishtiias.com/pages/smsalertfrm",
data: form,
success: function(data){
if(data=='already'){
$('#nmmsg').html('Phone number already in use');
}else if(data=='add'){
$('#nmmsg').html('Thank you for subscribing to our SMS Alerts.');
$('#txtnmobile').val('');
}else{
$('#nmmsg').html('Oops! something went wrong, Please try again');
}
//$('#nmloader').hide();
},
error: function(error,errortype,errorstatus){
alert(errortype);
//$('#nmloader').hide();
}
});
}
e.preventDefault();
});
$('#subscriptionfrm').submit(function(e){
var msg=true;
var txtnname=$('#name').val();
var txtnemail=$('#emailaddress').val();
var txtnmobile=$('#phone').val();
$('#contactmsg').html('');
//$('.input-error').remove();
if(txtnname.trim()==''){
$('#name').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else{
$('#name').removeClass('input-error');
}
if(txtnemail.trim()==''){
$('#emailaddress').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else if(!regex.test(txtnemail)){
$('#emailaddress').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else{
$('#emailaddress').removeClass('input-error');
}
if(txtnmobile.trim()==''){
$('#phone').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else if(txtnmobile.trim().length!=10){
$('#phone').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else if(!phonex.test(txtnmobile)){
$('#phone').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else{
$('#phone').removeClass('input-error');
}
if($('#dailyupdates').prop("checked") == false && $('#examnewsletter').prop("checked") == false && $('#fullnewsletter').prop("checked") == false && $('#sms').prop("checked") == false)
{
$('#contactmsg').css('display','block');
$('#contactmsg').addClass('error');
$('#contactmsg').html('No option selected, please select at least one option.');
msg=false;
}
if(msg){
$('.loader').css('display','block');
var form=$('#subscriptionfrm').serialize();
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "https://www.drishtiias.com/subscription",
data: form,
success: function(data){
$('.loader').css('display','none');
if(data=='success'){
$('#contactmsg').css('display','block');
$('#contactmsg').removeClass('error');
$('#contactmsg').html('Thank you for subscribing to our subscription. You will hear from us soon.');
$('#name').val('');
$('#emailaddress').val('');
$('#phone').val('');
}else{
$('#contactmsg').css('display','block');
$('#contactmsg').addClass('error');
$('#contactmsg').html('Oops! something went wrong, Please try again');
}
},
error: function(error,errortype,errorstatus){
$('.loader').css('display','none');
alert(errortype);
//$('#nloader').hide();
}
});
}
e.preventDefault();
});
$('#testseriesfrm').submit(function(e){
var msg=true;
var txtnname=$('#firstname').val();
var txtnemail=$('#emailaddress').val();
var txtnmobile=$('#phonenumber').val();
$('#contactmsg').html('');
//$('.input-error').remove();
if(txtnname.trim()==''){
$('#firstname').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else{
$('#firstname').removeClass('input-error');
}
if(txtnemail.trim()==''){
$('#emailaddress').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else if(!regex.test(txtnemail)){
$('#emailaddress').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else{
$('#emailaddress').removeClass('input-error');
}
if(txtnmobile.trim()==''){
$('#phonenumber').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else if(txtnmobile.trim().length!=10){
$('#phonenumber').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else if(!phonex.test(txtnmobile)){
$('#phonenumber').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else{
$('#phonenumber').removeClass('input-error');
}
if(msg){
$('.loader').css('display','block');
var form=$('#testseriesfrm').serialize();
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "https://www.drishtiias.com/test-series-registration",
data: form,
success: function(data){
$('.loader').css('display','none');
//alert(data);
if(data=='success'){
$('#contactmsg').css('display','block');
$('#contactmsg').removeClass('error');
$('#contactmsg').html('Thank you for choosing our test series. You will get an email and message soon.');
$('#firstname').val('');
$('#lastname').val('');
$('#emailaddress').val('');
$('#phonenumber').val('');
}else{
$('#contactmsg').css('display','block');
$('#contactmsg').addClass('error');
$('#contactmsg').html(data);
}
},
error: function(error,errortype,errorstatus){
$('.loader').css('display','none');
alert(errortype);
//$('#nloader').hide();
}
});
}
e.preventDefault();
});
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$('.allnotes').click(function(){
$('.fixbtn.notes').removeClass('open');
$('.fixbtn.mynotes').toggleClass('open');
});
$('.mynotes,.notelist').on('click','.readmore',function(){
var noteid=$(this).attr('data-noteid');
$('#note_id').val(noteid);
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "https://www.drishtiias.com/articles/setnote",
data: 'note_id='+noteid,
success: function(data){
if(data){
tinymce.get("mynote").setContent(data);
$('#mynotemsg').html('');
$('.fixbtn.notes').toggleClass('open');
}else{
alert('Oops! something went wrong, Please try again');
}
},
error: function(error,errortype,errorstatus){
alert(errortype);
}
});
});
$('.notelink').click(function(){
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "https://www.drishtiias.com/articles/removenote",
success: function(data){
if(data=='removed'){
$('#note_id').val('');
tinymce.get("mynote").setContent('');
$('#mynotemsg').html('');
$('.fixbtn.notes').toggleClass('open');
$('.fixbtn.mynotes').removeClass('open');
}else{
alert('Oops! something went wrong, Please try again');
}
},
error: function(error,errortype,errorstatus){
alert(errortype);
}
});
});
$('.mynotes,.notelist').on('click','.removenote',function(e){
if(confirm('Are you sure want to remove note?'))
{
$('.loader').css('display','block');
var noteid=$(this).attr('data-noteid');
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "https://www.drishtiias.com/articles/deletenote",
data: 'note_id='+noteid,
success: function(data){
$('.loader').css('display','none');
if(data=='removed'){
$('#note-list #'+noteid+',.notelist #'+noteid).css('display','none');
}else{
alert('Oops! something went wrong, Please try again');
}
},
error: function(error,errortype,errorstatus){
$('.loader').css('display','none');
alert(errortype);
}
});
}
e.preventDefault();
});
</script>
<script>
$("#commentfile").change(function(){
$("#file-name").text(this.files[0].name);
});
</script>
<script src="/drishti/js/jquery.fancybox.js"></script> <script>
$(".iframe").fancybox();
$('.datepicker').datepicker();
$('.datepicker').datepicker("option","dateFormat","yy-mm-dd");
$('#startdate').val($('#hdstart').val());
$('#enddate').val($('#hdend').val());
$(document).ready(function(){
$('.list-toggle').click(function(){
$('.list-category').toggleClass('active');
$(this).toggleClass('active');
$('.value').text(function(i, text){
return text === "Hide Menu" ? "Show Menu" : "Hide Menu";
});
});
$('aside button.close').click(function(){
$('.list-category').toggleClass('active');
$('.list-toggle').toggleClass('active');
});
$('.fixbtn .btn').click(function(){
$('.fixbtn .btn').not(this).parents('.fixbtn').removeClass('open');
$(this).parents('.fixbtn').toggleClass('open');
});
$('.fixbtn a.close').click(function(){
$(this).parents('.fixbtn').removeClass('open');
});
$('.note-btn').click(function(){
$('#mynotemsg').html('');
$('.fixbtn.notes').toggleClass('open');
});
$('.viewmore a').click(function(){
$('.hide').slideToggle('active');
$(this).text(function(i, text){
return text === "View More" ? "View Less" : "View More";
});
});
});
</script>
<script>
$('.learning-program .subheading').click(function(){
$(this).next().slideToggle();
$(this).toggleClass('open');
});
</script>
<script>
$(document).ready(function(){
$('a.register-btn').colorbox();
});
$('.interview-slider').slick({
autoplay: true,
arrows: false,
dots: true
});
</script>
<script>
$('#bookSession').on('click',function(e){
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
data: {
'course': $('#bookSession').data('course')
},
url: "https://www.drishtiias.com/book-online-session",
success: function(json){
var obj = JSON.parse(json);
if (obj.status==200) {
alert(obj.message);
}
else
{
alert(obj.message);
window.location.reload();
}
},
error: function(error,errortype,errorstatus){
alert(errortype);
}
});
e.preventDefault();
});
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(".popup").colorbox({iframe: true, innerWidth: 790, innerHeight: 530});
if(screen.width < 980){
$(".popup").colorbox({innerWidth: 720, innerHeight: 530});
}
if(screen.width < 768){
$(".popup").colorbox({innerWidth: 420, innerHeight: 530});
}
if(screen.width < 480){
$(".popup").colorbox({innerWidth: 280, innerHeight: 440});
}
$("#scroll-top").click(function(){
$('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: $(".header").offset().top }, 1000);
});
$(window).scroll(function() {
var scroll = $(window).scrollTop();
if (scroll >= 500) {
$("#scroll-top").addClass("show");
} else {
$("#scroll-top").removeClass("show");
}
});
</script>
<script>
function showarchive(year,month,day=null){
// alert('tags'); return;
var url='https://www.drishtiias.com/archives'+'/'+year+'-'+month+'-'+day;
location=url;
//alert(url+'/archives/'+year+'/'+month+'/'+dat);
}
</script>
<script id="dsq-count-scr" src="//drishti-english.disqus.com/count.js" ></script>
</body>
</html>
'
}
$reasonPhrase = 'Internal Server Error' header - [internal], line ??
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emitStatusLine() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 148
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 54
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 106
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 40 Warning (2)CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php , line 177 ]Code Context foreach ( $values as $value ) { header ( sprintf ( '%s: %s' , $response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {
'status' => (int) 500,
'contentType' => 'text/html',
'headers' => [
'Content-Type' => [
[maximum depth reached]
]
],
'file' => null,
'fileRange' => [],
'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
'cacheDirectives' => [],
'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-4105321775414527" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<meta name="google-site-verification" content="T8BPOWVB3_clU2T2Wap2B9I4tEthojpBZYEgp2zW7Tk" />
<link rel="alternate" href="https://www.drishtiias.com/tags/international-relations" hreflang="en-in" />
<link href="https://www.drishtiias.com/drishti/img/drishti_logo_new_eng.png" type="image/x-icon" rel="icon"/>
<!--[if ie]><meta content='IE=edge,chrome=1' http-equiv='X-UA-Compatible'/><![endif]-->
<meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no" />
<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.drishtiias.com/tags/international-relations" />
<meta name="robots" content="index,follow">
<meta name="description" content="">
<meta name="keywords" content="">
<script src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js" async defer></script>
<meta property="og:type" content="article" />
<meta property="og:title" content="Error" />
<meta property="og:description" content="" />
<meta property="og:image" content="https://www.drishtiias.com/drishti/img/drishti-dual-logo.jpg" />
<meta property="og:url" content="https://www.drishtiias.com/tags/international-relations" />
<meta property="og:site_name" content="Drishti IAS" />
<meta name="twitter:title" content="Error">
<meta name="twitter:description" content="">
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.drishtiias.com/drishti/img/drishti-dual-logo.jpg">
<meta name="twitter:site" content="Drishti IAS">
<meta name="twitter:creator" content="Drishti IAS">
<meta name="facebook-domain-verification" content="sxa6keafeqv68530rmdvc3suj228cb" />
<!-- Google tag (gtag.js) -->
<script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-BWKXYCN4T4"></script>
<script>
window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}
gtag('js', new Date());
gtag('config', 'G-BWKXYCN4T4');
</script>
<!-- Removed Schema -->
<style>
.statepcs .paper-menu.paper-submenu a {
width: 32.5%;
}
.statepcs .paper-menu.quiz a {
width: 100%;
background:linear-gradient(to right, #ed4757, #dd4c76);
}
.statepcs .paper-menu.quiz a:hover {
width: 100%;
background:linear-gradient(135deg, #27adb9 0%, #27b999 76%);
}
.statepcs .paper-menu.paper-submenu a.state-pcs-quiz {
display:none;
}
.statepcs .paper-menu a.state-pcs-quiz {
display:none;
}
.statepcs .submenu ul li {
width: auto;
display: inline-block;
position: relative;
margin: 0 0 10px;
padding-right: 10px;
padding-left: 0px;
background: transparent;
font-size: 18px;
color: #000;
line-height: 1.6;
}
.statepcs .submenu ul li a {
color: #000;
font-style: italic;
font-size: 13px;
background-color: #efc08c;
border-radius: 4px;
padding: 5px 8px;
}
.statepcs .submenu ul li a:hover {
color: #000;
}
.statepcs .submenu ul {
margin: -7px 0 20px;
padding-left:0px;
}
.starRating{
margin-top: -13px;
margin-bottom: 22px;
}
.starRating i{
font-size:11px;
color:#000;
}
.checked {
color: orange;
font-size:14px;
}
.unchecked {
color: #9e9e9e9e;
font-size:14px;
}
.part-register{
width: 45%;
display: inline-block;
text-align: center;
vertical-align: top;
}
.part-register-left{
width: 49%;
display: inline-block;
text-align: left;
vertical-align: top;
}
.part-register-left .button-block .btn.red {
text-align:center;
margin:20px 0 20px 0;
width:60%;
padding:12px;
}
.part-register-left .button-block a span{
text-align:center;
display:block;
font-size:12px;
font-weight:400;
margin-top:5px;
}
.article-list.mobile{
display:none;
}
.online-pendrive-course.online-course-truecaller .content-block .text-block{
width:95%;
}
.online-pendrive-course.online-course-truecaller .content-block h2{
font-weight:600;
font-size:22px;
}
bookcouncelling
.webinar .selectcolor,.bookcouncelling .selectcolor {
color:#000;
}
.webinar .emptyselectcolor,.bookcouncelling .emptyselectcolor{
color: rgba(0,0,0,0.4);
}
.contact-block.teacherreg
{
margin-top: 0px!important;
}
.map-box.mobile
{
display:none;
}
.online-pendrive-course.online-course .content-block .part-register .btn-block a.btn.red {
margin-top:40px;
}
#councellingfrm select,input[type="text"], input[type="email"], input[type="tel"], input[type="password"], textarea {
font-size:14px;
}
#councellingfrm textarea {
font-size:14px;
}
.bookcouncelling .form-row input[type="checkbox"], .teacherreg .form-row input[type="checkbox"] {
height:36px;
}
.bookcouncelling #interested_block, .teacherreg #interested_block {
background-color: aliceblue;
padding: 10px;
border-radius: 5px;
margin-top: 10px;
}
.online-pendrive-course.online-course-truecaller {
min-height: 765px;
padding: 60px 0 90px;
background: none;
text-align: left;
}
@media all and (max-width:767px) {
.statepcs .paper-menu.paper-submenu a.state-pcs-quiz {
display:block;
width:100%;
background:linear-gradient(to right, #ed4757, #dd4c76);
}
.statepcs .paper-menu.paper-submenu a:hover.state-pcs-quiz {
background:linear-gradient(135deg, #27adb9 0%, #27b999 76%);
}
.statepcs .paper-menu a.state-pcs-quiz {
display:block;
width:100%;
background:linear-gradient(to right, #ed4757, #dd4c76);
}
.statepcs .paper-menu a:hover.state-pcs-quiz {
background:linear-gradient(135deg, #27adb9 0%, #27b999 76%);
}
.statepcs .paper-menu.paper-submenu a {
width: 49%;
margin-bottom:5px;
}
.statepcs .paper-menu a{
width:49%;
margin-bottom:5px;
}
.statepcs .paper-menu.downloads a{
width:100%;
margin-bottom:5px;
}
.part-register{
width: 100%;
}
.part-register-left{
width: 100%;
display: block;
}
.part-register-left .button-block .btn.red{
width:100%;
}
.article-list.desktop{
display:none;
}
.article-list.mobile{
display:block;
}
..feature-text.online-course-truecaller h2{
font-size:20px;
}
.online-pendrive-course.online-course-truecaller .content-block .text-block{
width:100%;
}
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color: #000;
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</script>
<script>
function remove_social_float_icons() {
$(".float-fb").animate({
top: "-=8%",
}, 500 );
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-fb" ).hide("slow");
},500);
$(".float-tw").animate({
top: "-=16%",
}, 500 );
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-tw" ).hide("slow");
},500);
$(".float-rs").animate({
top: "-=24%",
}, 500 );
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-rs" ).hide("slow");
},500);
$(".float-ig").animate({
top: "-=32%",
}, 500 );
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-ig" ).hide("slow");
},500);
$(".float-pn").animate({
top: "-=40%",
}, 500 );
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-pn" ).hide("slow");
},500);
$(".float-wp").animate({
top: "-=48%",
}, 500 );
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-wp" ).hide("slow");
},500);
var width = (window.innerWidth > 0) ? window.innerWidth : screen.width;
if(width >= 700){
$(".float-tg").animate({
top: "-=56%",
}, 500 );
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-tg" ).hide("slow");
},500);
}
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-cross" ).hide("slow");
},500);
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-plus" ).show("slow");
},500);
sessionStorage.setItem("remove_social_icons", "1");
}
function show_social_float_icons(){
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-plus" ).hide("slow");
},10);
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-fb" ).show("slow");
},10);
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-tw" ).show("slow");
},10);
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-rs" ).show("slow");
},10);
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-ig" ).show("slow");
},10);
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-pn" ).show("slow");
},10);
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-wp" ).show("slow");
},10);
var width = (window.innerWidth > 0) ? window.innerWidth : screen.width;
if(width >= 700){
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-tg" ).show("slow");
},10);
}
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-cross" ).show("slow");
},10);
$(".float-fb").animate({
top: "+=8%",
}, 500 );
$(".float-tw").animate({
top: "+=16%",
}, 600 );
$(".float-rs").animate({
top: "+=24%",
}, 700 );
$(".float-ig").animate({
top: "+=32%",
}, 800 );
$(".float-pn").animate({
top: "+=40%",
}, 900 );
$(".float-wp").animate({
top: "+=48%",
}, 1000 );
if(width >= 700){
$(".float-tg").animate({
top: "+=56%",
}, 1000 );
}
sessionStorage.setItem("remove_social_icons", "0");
}
$(document).ready(function(){
var value = sessionStorage.getItem("remove_social_icons");
if(value == '1'){
remove_social_float_icons();
}
});
</script>
<!-- Floating Social Media bar Ends -->
<style>
@media only screen and (max-width: 700px) {
.float-sm {
display:none;
}
.fl-fl {
width: 40px !important;
height: 40px!important;
}
.fa-social{
padding: 5px 0!important;
}
.float-plus{
/* Prev 30 px and 30px */
width: 40px !important;
height: 40px!important;
}
.fa-plus{
padding: 5px 0!important;
/* Prev 6 px and 10px */
/* font-size:20px!important; */
}
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 700px) {
.float-tg{
display:;
}
.fl-fl {
margin-left: 10px;
}
}
/* Floating Social Media Bar Style Starts Here */
.float-plus{
display: none;
}
.float-sm {
display:;
text-align:center;
}
.fl-fl {
background: #dcdcdc;
text-transform: uppercase;
letter-spacing: 3px;
padding: 4px;
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
position: fixed;
/* right: 50px; */
z-index: 1000;
font: normal normal 10px Arial;
-webkit-transition: all .25s ease;
-moz-transition: all .25s ease;
-ms-transition: all .25s ease;
-o-transition: all .25s ease;
transition: all .25s ease;
opacity: 0.9;
transition: transform .2s;
border-radius:10px;
}
.fa-social {
font-size: 20px;
color: #fff;
padding: 10px 0;
/* width: 40px; */
/* margin-left: 8px; */
}
/* .fl-fl:hover { */
/* right: 100; */
/* opacity: 1; */
/* transform: scale(1.15); */
/* } */
.fl-fl a {
color: #fff !important;
text-decoration: none;
text-align: center;
line-height: 43px!important;
vertical-align: top!important;
}
.float-plus {
top: 22%;
}
.float-cross {
top: 22%;
}
.float-fb {
top: 30%;
}
.float-tw {
top: 38%;
}
.float-rs {
top: 46%;
}
.float-ig {
top: 54%;
}
.float-pn {
top: 62%;
}
.float-wp {
top: 70%;
}
.float-tg {
top: 78%;
}
/* Floating Social Media Bar Style Ends Here */
</style>
<script>
// function to close the popup
function closePopup() {
var modal = document.getElementById("myModal");
modal.style.display = "none";
}
// function to open the popup
function openPopup() {
var modal = document.getElementById("myModal");
modal.style.display = "block";
}
// Added the code - If user click on anywhere outside the popup
$('body').click(function(e) {
$('#myModal').hide();
});
$('#popclose').on('click',function(e){
$('#myModal').css('display','none');
});
// automatically open the popup on page load
window.onload = openPopup;
</script>
<style>
/* CSS for the popup */
.modals {
display: none;
position: fixed;
z-index: 1000;
padding-top: 10%;
left: 0;
top: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
overflow: auto;
background-color: rgb(0,0,0);
background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.8);
box-shadow: 0px 0px 10px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.5);
transition: transform 0.3s ease-in-out;
}
/* The Close Button */
.close {
color: white;
float: right;
font-size: 28px;
font-weight: bold;
cursor: pointer;
}
.close:hover,
.close:focus {
color: #000;
text-decoration: none;
cursor: pointer;
}
/* The Image */
.modal-content_updated {
border-radius: 5px;
margin: auto;
display: block;
max-width: 450px !important ;
max-width: 90%;
}
@media only screen and (max-width: 700px){
.modal-content_updated{
margin-top: 35%;
}
}
</style>
<script src="/drishti/js/slick.min.js"></script> <script src="/drishti/js/nav.js"></script>
<script src="/drishti/js/jquery.colorbox.js"></script> <script src="/drishti/js/jquery.datepicker.js"></script> <script src="/drishti/js/jquery.multi-select.js"></script> <script src="/drishti/js/custom.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function(){
if(screen.width < 768){
$('.box-toggle .box-slide p.subheading').click(function(){
$(this).toggleClass('open').next().slideToggle();
});
}
});
</script>
<!-- search bar javascript -->
<script>
function createButtons(noOfPages,pageId){
var Buttons = document.getElementById('Buttons');
if(pageId != 1){
var Prev = document.createElement('li');
Prev.innerHTML = (`<button type = "button" name="submit" id= "${pageId-1}" class = "button btn btn-secondary">Prev</button>`);
Buttons.append(Prev);
}
for(i = 1; i<=noOfPages; i++){
var li = document.createElement('li');
li.innerHTML = (`<button type = "button" name="submit" id= "${i}" class = "button btn btn-secondary">${i}</button>`);
Buttons.append(li);
}
if(pageId != noOfPages){
var Next = document.createElement('li');
Next.innerHTML = (`<button type = "button" name="submit" id= "${++pageId}" class = "button btn btn-secondary">Next</button>`);
Buttons.append(Next);
}
}
function activeButtons(id){
allButtons = Array.from(document.getElementsByClassName('button'));
allButtons.forEach(button =>
button.style.color = null
)
console.log(id);
activeButton = document.getElementById(id);
activeButton.style.backgroundColor ='#fba113';
activeButton.disabled = true;
}
var noOfPages = document.getElementById('pagesCount').value;
var pageId = document.getElementById('pageId').value;
if(!pageId){
pageId = 1;
}
// alert(noOfPages);
createButtons(noOfPages,pageId);
activeButtons(pageId);
</script>
<script>
search = document.getElementById('search-text').value;
buttons = Array.from(document.getElementsByClassName('button'));
buttons.forEach(button=>{
button.addEventListener('click', btnEvent => {
// console.log(button.id);
$.ajax({
method: "POST",
url: "https://www.drishtiias.com/search/",
data:{
'id': button.id,
'search': search
},
headers: {
'X-CSRF-TOKEN': $('[name = "_csrfToken"').val()
},
success: function(result){
$('body').html(result);
},
error: function(error){
console.log(error)
}
})
})
})
</script>
<!-- End of JS for search bar -->
<script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function(){
//alert(getCookie('isLogin'));
if(getCookie('isLogin')==1)
{
$('#myAccountDiv').css('display','inline-block');
$('#loginLink').css('display','none');
$('#registerLink').css('display','none');
$('#makeNoteLoginLink').css('display','inline-block');
$('#makeNoteLink').css('display','none');
$('#makeNoteOptionDiv').css('display','inline-block');
}
else {
$('#myAccountDiv').css('display','none');
$('#loginLink').css('display','inline-block');
$('#registerLink').css('display','inline-block');
$('#makeNoteLoginLink').css('display','none');
$('#makeNoteLink').css('display','inline-block');
$('#makeNoteOptionDiv').css('display','none');
}
});
function getCookie(name) {
var match = document.cookie.match(RegExp('(?:^|;\\s*)' + name + '=([^;]*)'));
return match ? match[1] : null;
}
</script>
<script>
var regex = /^([a-zA-Z0-9_.+-])+\@(([a-zA-Z0-9-])+\.)+([a-zA-Z0-9]{2,4})+$/;
var phonex = /^([0-9 ])+$/;
$('#newsletterfrm').submit(function(e){
var msg=true;
var txtnname=$('#txtnname').val();
var txtnemail=$('#txtnemail').val();
$('#nmsg').html('');
//$('.input-error').remove();
if(txtnname.trim()==''){
$('#txtnname').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else{
$('#txtnname').removeClass('input-error');
}
if(txtnemail.trim()==''){
$('#txtnemail').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else if(!regex.test(txtnemail)){
$('#txtnemail').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else{
$('#txtnemail').removeClass('input-error');
}
if(msg){
var form=$('#newsletterfrm').serialize();
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "https://www.drishtiias.com/pages/newsletterfrm",
data: form,
success: function(data){
if(data=='already'){
$('#nmsg').html('Email address already in use');
}else if(data=='add'){
$('#nmsg').html('Thank you for subscribing to our newsletter.');
$('#txtnname').val('');
$('#txtnemail').val('');
}else{
$('#nmsg').html('Oops! something went wrong, Please try again');
}
//$('#nloader').hide();
},
error: function(error,errortype,errorstatus){
alert(errortype);
//$('#nloader').hide();
}
});
}
e.preventDefault();
});
$('#smsalertfrm').submit(function(e){
var msg=true;
var txtnmobile=$('#txtnmobile').val();
$('#nmmsg').html('');
//$('.input-error').remove();
if(txtnmobile.trim()==''){
$('#txtnmobile').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else if(txtnmobile.trim().length!=10){
$('#txtnmobile').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else if(!phonex.test(txtnmobile)){
$('#txtnmobile').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else{
$('#txtnmobile').removeClass('input-error');
}
if(msg){
var form=$('#smsalertfrm').serialize();
//$('#nmloader').show();
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "https://www.drishtiias.com/pages/smsalertfrm",
data: form,
success: function(data){
if(data=='already'){
$('#nmmsg').html('Phone number already in use');
}else if(data=='add'){
$('#nmmsg').html('Thank you for subscribing to our SMS Alerts.');
$('#txtnmobile').val('');
}else{
$('#nmmsg').html('Oops! something went wrong, Please try again');
}
//$('#nmloader').hide();
},
error: function(error,errortype,errorstatus){
alert(errortype);
//$('#nmloader').hide();
}
});
}
e.preventDefault();
});
$('#subscriptionfrm').submit(function(e){
var msg=true;
var txtnname=$('#name').val();
var txtnemail=$('#emailaddress').val();
var txtnmobile=$('#phone').val();
$('#contactmsg').html('');
//$('.input-error').remove();
if(txtnname.trim()==''){
$('#name').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else{
$('#name').removeClass('input-error');
}
if(txtnemail.trim()==''){
$('#emailaddress').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else if(!regex.test(txtnemail)){
$('#emailaddress').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else{
$('#emailaddress').removeClass('input-error');
}
if(txtnmobile.trim()==''){
$('#phone').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else if(txtnmobile.trim().length!=10){
$('#phone').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else if(!phonex.test(txtnmobile)){
$('#phone').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else{
$('#phone').removeClass('input-error');
}
if($('#dailyupdates').prop("checked") == false && $('#examnewsletter').prop("checked") == false && $('#fullnewsletter').prop("checked") == false && $('#sms').prop("checked") == false)
{
$('#contactmsg').css('display','block');
$('#contactmsg').addClass('error');
$('#contactmsg').html('No option selected, please select at least one option.');
msg=false;
}
if(msg){
$('.loader').css('display','block');
var form=$('#subscriptionfrm').serialize();
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "https://www.drishtiias.com/subscription",
data: form,
success: function(data){
$('.loader').css('display','none');
if(data=='success'){
$('#contactmsg').css('display','block');
$('#contactmsg').removeClass('error');
$('#contactmsg').html('Thank you for subscribing to our subscription. You will hear from us soon.');
$('#name').val('');
$('#emailaddress').val('');
$('#phone').val('');
}else{
$('#contactmsg').css('display','block');
$('#contactmsg').addClass('error');
$('#contactmsg').html('Oops! something went wrong, Please try again');
}
},
error: function(error,errortype,errorstatus){
$('.loader').css('display','none');
alert(errortype);
//$('#nloader').hide();
}
});
}
e.preventDefault();
});
$('#testseriesfrm').submit(function(e){
var msg=true;
var txtnname=$('#firstname').val();
var txtnemail=$('#emailaddress').val();
var txtnmobile=$('#phonenumber').val();
$('#contactmsg').html('');
//$('.input-error').remove();
if(txtnname.trim()==''){
$('#firstname').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else{
$('#firstname').removeClass('input-error');
}
if(txtnemail.trim()==''){
$('#emailaddress').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else if(!regex.test(txtnemail)){
$('#emailaddress').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else{
$('#emailaddress').removeClass('input-error');
}
if(txtnmobile.trim()==''){
$('#phonenumber').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else if(txtnmobile.trim().length!=10){
$('#phonenumber').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else if(!phonex.test(txtnmobile)){
$('#phonenumber').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else{
$('#phonenumber').removeClass('input-error');
}
if(msg){
$('.loader').css('display','block');
var form=$('#testseriesfrm').serialize();
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "https://www.drishtiias.com/test-series-registration",
data: form,
success: function(data){
$('.loader').css('display','none');
//alert(data);
if(data=='success'){
$('#contactmsg').css('display','block');
$('#contactmsg').removeClass('error');
$('#contactmsg').html('Thank you for choosing our test series. You will get an email and message soon.');
$('#firstname').val('');
$('#lastname').val('');
$('#emailaddress').val('');
$('#phonenumber').val('');
}else{
$('#contactmsg').css('display','block');
$('#contactmsg').addClass('error');
$('#contactmsg').html(data);
}
},
error: function(error,errortype,errorstatus){
$('.loader').css('display','none');
alert(errortype);
//$('#nloader').hide();
}
});
}
e.preventDefault();
});
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$('.allnotes').click(function(){
$('.fixbtn.notes').removeClass('open');
$('.fixbtn.mynotes').toggleClass('open');
});
$('.mynotes,.notelist').on('click','.readmore',function(){
var noteid=$(this).attr('data-noteid');
$('#note_id').val(noteid);
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "https://www.drishtiias.com/articles/setnote",
data: 'note_id='+noteid,
success: function(data){
if(data){
tinymce.get("mynote").setContent(data);
$('#mynotemsg').html('');
$('.fixbtn.notes').toggleClass('open');
}else{
alert('Oops! something went wrong, Please try again');
}
},
error: function(error,errortype,errorstatus){
alert(errortype);
}
});
});
$('.notelink').click(function(){
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "https://www.drishtiias.com/articles/removenote",
success: function(data){
if(data=='removed'){
$('#note_id').val('');
tinymce.get("mynote").setContent('');
$('#mynotemsg').html('');
$('.fixbtn.notes').toggleClass('open');
$('.fixbtn.mynotes').removeClass('open');
}else{
alert('Oops! something went wrong, Please try again');
}
},
error: function(error,errortype,errorstatus){
alert(errortype);
}
});
});
$('.mynotes,.notelist').on('click','.removenote',function(e){
if(confirm('Are you sure want to remove note?'))
{
$('.loader').css('display','block');
var noteid=$(this).attr('data-noteid');
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "https://www.drishtiias.com/articles/deletenote",
data: 'note_id='+noteid,
success: function(data){
$('.loader').css('display','none');
if(data=='removed'){
$('#note-list #'+noteid+',.notelist #'+noteid).css('display','none');
}else{
alert('Oops! something went wrong, Please try again');
}
},
error: function(error,errortype,errorstatus){
$('.loader').css('display','none');
alert(errortype);
}
});
}
e.preventDefault();
});
</script>
<script>
$("#commentfile").change(function(){
$("#file-name").text(this.files[0].name);
});
</script>
<script src="/drishti/js/jquery.fancybox.js"></script> <script>
$(".iframe").fancybox();
$('.datepicker').datepicker();
$('.datepicker').datepicker("option","dateFormat","yy-mm-dd");
$('#startdate').val($('#hdstart').val());
$('#enddate').val($('#hdend').val());
$(document).ready(function(){
$('.list-toggle').click(function(){
$('.list-category').toggleClass('active');
$(this).toggleClass('active');
$('.value').text(function(i, text){
return text === "Hide Menu" ? "Show Menu" : "Hide Menu";
});
});
$('aside button.close').click(function(){
$('.list-category').toggleClass('active');
$('.list-toggle').toggleClass('active');
});
$('.fixbtn .btn').click(function(){
$('.fixbtn .btn').not(this).parents('.fixbtn').removeClass('open');
$(this).parents('.fixbtn').toggleClass('open');
});
$('.fixbtn a.close').click(function(){
$(this).parents('.fixbtn').removeClass('open');
});
$('.note-btn').click(function(){
$('#mynotemsg').html('');
$('.fixbtn.notes').toggleClass('open');
});
$('.viewmore a').click(function(){
$('.hide').slideToggle('active');
$(this).text(function(i, text){
return text === "View More" ? "View Less" : "View More";
});
});
});
</script>
<script>
$('.learning-program .subheading').click(function(){
$(this).next().slideToggle();
$(this).toggleClass('open');
});
</script>
<script>
$(document).ready(function(){
$('a.register-btn').colorbox();
});
$('.interview-slider').slick({
autoplay: true,
arrows: false,
dots: true
});
</script>
<script>
$('#bookSession').on('click',function(e){
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
data: {
'course': $('#bookSession').data('course')
},
url: "https://www.drishtiias.com/book-online-session",
success: function(json){
var obj = JSON.parse(json);
if (obj.status==200) {
alert(obj.message);
}
else
{
alert(obj.message);
window.location.reload();
}
},
error: function(error,errortype,errorstatus){
alert(errortype);
}
});
e.preventDefault();
});
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(".popup").colorbox({iframe: true, innerWidth: 790, innerHeight: 530});
if(screen.width < 980){
$(".popup").colorbox({innerWidth: 720, innerHeight: 530});
}
if(screen.width < 768){
$(".popup").colorbox({innerWidth: 420, innerHeight: 530});
}
if(screen.width < 480){
$(".popup").colorbox({innerWidth: 280, innerHeight: 440});
}
$("#scroll-top").click(function(){
$('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: $(".header").offset().top }, 1000);
});
$(window).scroll(function() {
var scroll = $(window).scrollTop();
if (scroll >= 500) {
$("#scroll-top").addClass("show");
} else {
$("#scroll-top").removeClass("show");
}
});
</script>
<script>
function showarchive(year,month,day=null){
// alert('tags'); return;
var url='https://www.drishtiias.com/archives'+'/'+year+'-'+month+'-'+day;
location=url;
//alert(url+'/archives/'+year+'/'+month+'/'+dat);
}
</script>
<script id="dsq-count-scr" src="//drishti-english.disqus.com/count.js" ></script>
</body>
</html>
'
}
$cookies = []
$values = [
(int) 0 => 'text/html; charset=UTF-8'
]
$name = 'Content-Type'
$first = true
$value = 'text/html; charset=UTF-8' header - [internal], line ??
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emitHeaders() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 177
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 55
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 106
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 40 Error
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