State PCS - Uttar Pradesh (UP PCS)

• 03 Feb 2026

IIT Kanpur Map the Sun’s Hidden Interior Using 30 Years of Satellite Data

Why in News? 

Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur have created the first three-dimensional map of the Sun’s hidden interior magnetic field by assimilating 30 years of satellite observations into an advanced computational model, enhancing understanding of solar dynamics. 

Key Points 

• Achievement: The IIT Kanpur research team has developed a 3D dynamo model that assimilates three decades of solar magnetic field observations to map the Sun’s internal magnetic structure. 
  • The study was led by Soumyadeep Chatterjee from the Department of Physics at IIT Kanpur. 
• Data Source: The model uses long-term data collected by satellites such as NASA’s SOHO and SDO, which have detailed the Sun’s surface magnetic fields over decades. 
  • Solar Dynamo Mapping: The research focuses on the solar dynamo, the deep-interior process responsible for generating the Sun’s magnetic field, which drives sunspots, solar flares and coronal mass ejections. 
  • 3D Model Insights: By fusing observational data with advanced computation, the model reveals how large-scale magnetic patterns evolve over time and enables estimation of the magnitude, structure and evolution of internal magnetic fields. 
• Space Weather Relevance: Mapping the Sun’s hidden magnetic field improves the ability to predict solar cycles and space-weather events, which can disrupt satellites, power grids, GPS and communication systems on Earth.  
  • The model helps to estimate the peak strength of upcoming solar cycles, which is critical for safeguarding technological infrastructure. 
• Big Data: The study exemplifies how big observational datasets combined with computational modelling can unlock previously inaccessible scientific insights.

SOHO (Solar and Heliospheric Observatory): 

• Joint mission of NASA and ESA. 
• Launched in 1995. 
• Placed at Lagrange Point L1 between the Earth and the Sun. 
• Studies the Sun’s interior, surface, corona, solar wind and CMEs. 

SDO (Solar Dynamics Observatory): 

• Mission of NASA. 
• Launched in 2010 under the Living With a Star (LWS) program. 
• Orbits the Earth in a geosynchronous orbit.

Read More:  Sunspots, Solar flares and coronal mass 

New Flowering Plant Hoya nagaensis Discovered in Nagaland

Why in News? 

Researchers from Nagaland University have discovered a new species of flowering plant in the high‑altitude of Nagaland. 

Key Points 

• Scientific name: Hoya nagaensis  
  • Documented during systematic botanical surveys in under‑explored forests. 
• Discovery: Kavünhou Community Reserved Forest, Phek district, Nagaland. 
  • The discovery underscores the importance of community‑protected forests in preserving rare and endemic species, as these forests remain largely untouched and biologically rich. 
• IUCN Status: Critically Endangered. 
• Biodiversity Hotspot: Nagaland’s high‑altitude forests are part of the Eastern Himalayan biodiversity hotspot. 
• Research Significance: The discovery contributes valuable data to India’s botanical records and global plant science, encouraging further ecological and conservation studies in the region. 

Read More: IUCN ,  Shifting cultivation, Biodiversity Hotspot 

SBI unveils CHAKRA Centre for financing sunrise sectors

Why in News? 

The State Bank of India (SBI) has launched a dedicated Centre of Excellence (CoE) named ‘CHAKRA’ to support financing of sunrise sectors and marks a strategic push by the country’s largest lender to channel capital into next-generation industries.  

Key Points: 

• Aim: This initiative aims to catalyse capital expenditure of over ₹100 lakh crore by 2030 in critical future-ready industries. 
• Vision:It will support project appraisal, evidence-based policy engagement, white papers and industry roundtables to inform investors and policymakers. 
• Eight Focused "Sunrise" Sectors: The CoE specifically targets sectors essential for the Viksit Bharat 2047 vision:  
  • Green Energy: Renewable Energy, Green Hydrogen & Ammonia, and Decarbonisation. 
  • Technology & Infrastructure: Semiconductors, Data Centre Infrastructure, and Smart Infrastructure. 
  • Future Mobility: Electric Mobility (E-mobility) and Advanced Cell Chemistry (ACC)/Battery Storage. 
• Risk Management: Unlike a typical think tank, CHAKRA is a "hands-on execution platform" designed to build specific risk models for emerging technologies to avoid misaligned or premature investments. 
• Global Partnerships: SBI has signed MoUs with 21 domestic and global financial institutions, including Japanese banks MUFG and SMBC, to enable joint project appraisal and co-financing. 

Read More: Sunrise sectors, Advanced Cell Chemistry (ACC), State Bank of India (SBI), Viksit Bharat 2047 

India’s First Mega Shipbuilding Cluster in Tamil Nadu

Why in News?

In a landmark move to position India as a global maritime hub, the National Shipbuilding & Heavy Industries Park, Tamil Nadu (NSHIP, TN) has been established as the country's first Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) dedicated to developing a mega shipbuilding cluster. 

Key Points: 

• Joint Venture: The SPV is a 50:50 partnership between the V.O. Chidambaranar Port Authority (VOCPA)—a major port under the Union Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways—and the State Industries Promotion Corporation of Tamil Nadu (SIPCOT). 
• Strategic Location: The cluster will be developed at Thoothukudi (Tuticorin), leveraging its strategic proximity to international shipping lanes.  
• Project Specifications:The greenfield cluster will span approximately 2,000 acres, featuring a 2 km waterfront. 
  • 1,000 acres are earmarked specifically for shipyards. 
  • 1,000 acres will host ancillary industries, marine equipment manufacturing, and common social infrastructure. 
• Capacity Goal: The cluster is designed to house shipyards with a total capacity of roughly 1.2 million Gross Tonnage (GT) per annum. 
• Economic multiplier: The project is expected to generate employment for over 55,000 people and attract massive global investments. 
• Global Competitiveness: Helps India aim for higher share in global shipbuilding by developing a plug-and-play industrial hub.