State PCS - Uttar Pradesh (UP PCS)

• 19 Sep 2025

Baghpat to be Part of UP's Mahabharata Circuit

Why in News?

The historic site in Baranava, Baghpat, associated with the Pandavas from the Mahabharata, is set for major development under UP's Mahabharata Circuit project with Rs 1 crore funding.

Key Points

• About: Located 35 km from Baghpat, the site features a mound and ruins preserved by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), adding historical depth to its significance.
• History: In the Mahabharata, the story of the 'Lakshagriha' or the palace of lac is central, where the Kauravas attempted to burn the Pandavas alive. 
  • This iconic episode, where the Pandavas and their mother Kunti narrowly escaped, continues to captivate generations. 
  • Visitors to Baranava will now be able to explore traces of this historic site.
• Significance: The project will enhance Baghpat’s standing in India’s religious and cultural tourism, attracting more pilgrims and history enthusiasts while generating new tourism opportunities. 
  • The project includes essential infrastructure upgrades such as beautification, lighting, sanitation, drinking water, rest areas, and visitor information centers.
  • In addition to its Mahabharata ties, Baghpat has gained attention as a Harappan archaeological site. Excavations have uncovered artifacts such as greyware pottery, while the 2018 discovery of bronze chariot remnants from around 2000 BC in Sinauli village brought global recognition. 

UP Mahabharata Circuit Project

• The UP Mahabharata Circuit project is an initiative by the Uttar Pradesh government to develop and promote sites associated with the Mahabharata epic as major cultural, religious, and heritage tourism destinations in the state.
• The project aims to boost tourism by upgrading infrastructure and beautifying locations linked to the Mahabharata, making them attractive for pilgrims, historians, and tourists.
• The initiative focuses on preserving heritage, enhancing tourism infrastructure, and merging modern facilities with historical sanctity. 
• It seeks to create job opportunities, boost the local economy, and deepen visitors’ connection to India’s epic traditions.

Places Associated With UP's Mahabharata Circuit Project
Place	Significance
Hastinapur	The capital of the Kuru kingdom, birthplace of the Pandavas and Kauravas, and a significant backdrop for many key events in the Mahabharata, including the infamous game of dice.
Keechakvadh Sthal	The site where Bhima killed Keechaka, avenging Draupadi’s dignity during their exile in the Virata kingdom. It symbolizes justice and retribution.
Ahichchhatra	A major kingdom of the northern Panchala kingdom, ruled by King Drupada, father of Draupadi. It served as a strategic military base and political center during the Mahabharata era.
Gonda	A region associated with the Pandavas' exile, though not directly involved in major battles, it represents the vast expanse of the Mahabharata's geographical landscape.
Prayagraj	A sacred site where the Pandavas performed rituals post-Kurukshetra war. It is closely linked to spiritual events and Vyasa’s guidance in the Mahabharata.
Lakshagraha	The place where the Kauravas tried to kill the Pandavas by setting their house on fire marked the beginning of their 13-year exile.
Kampilya	The capital of the Panchala Kingdom, birthplace of Draupadi, and the site of her swayamvara, where Arjuna won her hand. It was a center of political and cultural activity.
Barnava	The site of the infamous Lakshagraha burning attempt, where the Pandavas escaped, symbolizes resilience and survival in the epic.
Kaushambi	A politically and militarily significant city, mentioned in the Mahabharata, especially in connection with the Pandavas’ return to reclaim their kingdom.
Vidur Kuti	The place where Vidura, the wise minister of the Kuru dynasty, spent his later years in exile symbolizes righteousness and dharma.
Mathura	The birthplace of Lord Krishna is a significant spiritual center in Hindu tradition. It symbolizes divine intervention and wisdom in the Mahabharata.

Neeraj Chopra Finishes 8th in World Athletics Championships 2025

Why in News?

Defending champion Neeraj Chopra faced an unexpected setback at the 2025 World Athletics Championships in the men’s javelin throw final, finishing eighth. 

• Meanwhile, his debutant compatriot, Sachin Yadav, recorded a personal best to secure a commendable fourth place.

Key Points

• Medals and Results: The gold was claimed by Keshorn Walcott (88.16m) of Trinidad and Tobago, while Anderson Peters of Grenada took silver (87.38m), and Curtis Thompson of the USA secured bronze (86.67m).
• Neeraj Chopra’s Struggles: Despite his consistency over the years, he failed to surpass the 85m mark, with his best throw of 84.03m leaving him in eighth position.
  • This is his first major competition since 2018, where he finished outside the top three, contrasting with his consistent podium finishes since his historic Tokyo Olympic 2021 victory.
• Sachin Yadav’s Rise: Sachin Yadav, hailing from Khekra village in Uttar Pradesh, threw a personal best of 86.27m, surpassing not only Neeraj Chopra but also notable competitors such as Julian Weber and Arshad Nadeem.
  • Sachin Yadav’s performance showcases his potential, with his strength and consistency being evident since his silver medal at the 2023 Asian Championships.

World Athletics Championships 2025

• Location: The World Athletics Championships 2025 is being held in Tokyo, Japan, from 13th to 21st September 2025, spanning nine days of intense competition.
• Event Overview: This is the 20th edition of the World Athletics Championships, featuring over 2,000 athletes from around 200 countries.
• Events and Medals: A total of 49 events are taking place, with 147 medals up for grabs. There are 24 events for both men and women, plus one mixed event.

AI-Powered Holobox of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

Why in News?

The Pradhanmantri Sangrahalaya in Delhi, the world’s only museum of its kind, unveiled an AI-powered Holobox of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel on 17th September 2025.

Key Points

• About: Visitors engaged with an AI-powered Holobox 3D avatar, asking questions about Patel's life and significant contributions to India's history.
  • The avatar responded in Patel’s tone, drawing from his speeches, books, and archival materials, offering an authentic educational experience.
  • The responses provided by the avatar maintained authenticity, reflecting Patel's philosophies and major life events.
• Objective: This initiative is aimed at setting a global standard for integrating technology into historical engagement, especially to attract younger generations and make history more accessible.
• Future Expansions: Following the success of Patel’s AI avatar, the Pradhanmantri Sangrahalaya is planning to introduce a life-size Holobox for Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, deepening the initiative's commitment to inspiring future generations with the wisdom of India’s great leaders.
• Historical Significance: 17th September holds dual importance; it marked the success of Operation Polo in 1948, when Hyderabad was integrated into India under the leadership of Sardar Patel.
  • It also marks the birth anniversary of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, born on this day in 1950, whose vision of 'Ek Bharat, Shreshtha Bharat' reflects Patel’s legacy of national unity.

Note: AI-Powered Holobox is a cutting-edge technology that merges artificial intelligence (AI) with holographic displays to create interactive, lifelike 3D images and avatars that users can engage with naturally through voice commands, gestures, and even emotional cues.