Chhattisgarh State PCS

• 10 Aug 2022

CM Releases 44 Important Books Including 'Adi Vidroh'

Why in News?

• On August 9, 2022, Chief Minister Bhupesh Baghel released 'Adi Vidroh' and 44 other books published by Tribal Research Training Institute in the World Tribal Day program organized at his residence office.

Key Points

• The Chief Minister also released the calendar of Gram Sabha Awareness Campaign towards forest rights, campaign song and video message of Community Forest Resource Right (Chargaon District Dhamtari) in the program.
• To display the valor saga of heroic tribal Jannayaks who played a leading role in various movements for the independence of the country and the revolts carried out by tribals from time to time for water-forest-land exploitation, protection from oppression and for Indian independence, Tribal Research and Training Institute has prepared a booklet on Adi Vidroh, Chhattisgarh ke Adivasi Vidroh and Swatantrata Sangram ke Adivasi JanaNayaka.
• In this book the role of the tribal leaders of the state is described from the Halba Rebellion of 1774 to the Bhumkal Rebellion of 1910 and the various movements in the pre-independence period.
• The English version of this coffeetable book has been published as The Tribal Revolts Tribal Heroes of Freedom Movement and the Tribal Rebellions of Chhattisgarh.
• Tribal Cuisine: Northern tribal areas of the state, such as- Surguja, Jashpur, Korea, Balrampur, Surajpur etc., Central tribal areas, such as- Raigarh, Korba, Bilaspur, Kabirdham, Rajnandgaon, Gariaband, Mahasamund, Dhamtari and South tribal areas, such as- Kanker, Kondagaon, Narayanpur, Bastar, Dantewada, Sukma and Bijapur districts have been recorded in the special types of dishes and their methods showing the resources available in their natural habitat and their lifestyle.
• Tribal Art of Chhattisgarh: Tribal communities residing in the districts of North Central and South region of Chhattisgarh state, useful items of their daily life, murals carved in the walls of houses, geometric figures used in specific rituals, etc. have always been the subject of attraction for the general public since time immemorial. In these, artefacts usually made on walls and on the ground, artifacts made of bamboo and rope, and tattoos or designs tattooed on the bodies of women, and their traditional knowledge have been recorded.
• Tribal Teej-Festivals of Chhattisgarh: The Kathori and Sohrai festivals of the hill Korwa tribes of the northern region of the state, Sarhul and Karma festivals of the Oraon tribes, Banagadi and Jivatia festivals of the Khairwar tribes, Chherta and Akti festivals of the Baiga tribes of the central region, Mata Rachani and Akti festivals of the Kamar tribes, Jyotis and Chaurdhoni festival of Binjhwar tribe, Uwans and Nawakhai festival of Rajgond tribe, etc., Mati Tihar and Karsad festival of Abujhmadia tribe of South region or Bastar division, Kohkang and Mati Saad festival of Muria tribe, Beej Bahadani and Teeja Chauth of Halba tribes and Amus or Hareli, Bali Parab festival of Parja tribes, and similar festivals of other tribes of the state have also been recorded.
• Anthropological Studies: An anthropological study book of 9 tribes of the state, namely- Rajgond Dhurva, Kandra, Nagvanshi, Dhangad, Saunta, Pardhi, Dhanwar and Kondh tribes was prepared, in which the origin of tribes, social organization, political life, religious life and social rites etc. is described.
• Monograph Study: A monograph study has been done on 21 points related to the lifestyle of the tribes of the state, which includes the publication related to customary law of Gond, Halba, Pahari Korwa, Kamar, Majhwar and Khadia tribes, Sarna festival of Oraon, Cultural change in Oraon tribe, Phagun Madai of Dantewada, Mavali Madai of Narayanpur, Ghotpal Madai, Bhangaram Jatra, Baiga Godna (tattooing), Bhujia tattooing, Red bungalow of Bhujia tribe, Bamboo pot making in Kamar tribe, Haat market in Kamar tribe, Haat market in Baiga tribe, Katha manufacturing method in Khairwar tribe and Handia (Popular Tribal Drink) & Mand making in Surguja division.
• Language Dialect: With the aim of preserving their specific dialects prevalent in the tribes of the state, dictionary and conversation brief in Sadri dialect, dictionary and conversation brief in Dorli dialect, dictionary and conversation brief in Gondi dialect, dictionary and conversation brief in Gondi dialect Dandami Madiya have been created.
• Primers: The work of publishing the Primers has been done for the promotion of the tribal dialects of the state and to provide alphabetical knowledge to the children of the primary level in their mother tongue. This episode includes Counting Chart in Gondi dialect, Alphabet Chart in Gondi dialect, Alphabetical Chart in Baigani dialect, Counting Chart in Baigani dialect and Barakhadi Chart in Baigani dialect etc. Apart from this, books on Rajgond, Dhurva, Kandra, Nagvanshi, Dhangad, Saunta, Pardhi, Dhanwar, Kondh have been published in other book.

PESA Act Implemented in Chhattisgarh

Why in News?

• On August 9, 2022, Chhattisgarh Chief Minister Bhupesh Baghel, while addressing the World Tribal Day program, said that a rule has been made in the state regarding the PESA (Panchayat Extension of Schedule Area) Act, which has also been published in the Gazette on August 8.

Key Points

• Significantly, on July 7, 2022, in the cabinet meeting chaired by Chief Minister Bhupesh Baghel, the draft of the PESA law was approved. With its publication in the Gazette on August 8, 2022, it has come into force in the state.
• The Chief Minister said that the PESA Act was already in place, but due to non-formulation of its rules, the tribals were not getting its benefits, now the tribals of the state would be able to take their own decisions regarding their water, forest and land.
• With the implementation of PESA Act, the power of Gram Sabha will increase. Under the PESA Act, 50 percent of the members of the Gram Sabha will be from the tribal community. Out of this, 25 percent will be women members. They will also have the right to take decisions in the development of villages and to settle mutual disputes.
• The Chief Minister said that after the formation of his government, a public holiday was declared on World Tribal Day, tribals were given forest rights pattas, under which five lakh pattas have been given under forest rights.
• It is noteworthy that the Panchayat (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 or PESA was enacted by the Center to ensure self-government through Gram Sabhas for the people living in the Scheduled Areas. It legally recognizes the right of tribal communities, residents of scheduled areas to govern themselves through their own systems of self-government, and recognizes their traditional rights over natural resources.
• PESA empowers Gram Sabhas to play an important role in approving development plans and controlling all social sectors. This includes procedures and personnel implementing policies, controlling minor (non-timber) forest resources, minor water bodies and minor minerals, managing local markets, preventing land alienation, and controlling narcotics, among other things.

Chief Minister Confers Rights of Community Forest Resources in Tiger Reserves

Why in News?

• On August 9, 2022, Chhattisgarh Chief Minister Bhupesh Baghel, taking a big initiative on the occasion of World Tribal Day, issued Community Forest Resources Charter to 10 Gram Sabhas under the Recognition of Forest Rights Act, 2006 in core and buffer areas in two big tiger reserves of the state.

Key Points

• The 10 Gram Sabhas include 5 Gram Sabhas of Achanakmar Tiger Reserve and 5 Gram Sabhas of Sitanadi Udanti Tiger Reserve.
• The 5 gram sabhas of Achanakmar Tiger Reserve, which have been empowered, are in the area of Mungeli district, out of which 4 villages are of core area and 1 is of buffer area. Of these, community forest resource rights were given to Mahamai on 1384.056 hectares, 1191.6 hectares to Babutola, 1663 hectares to Bamhani, 3240 hectares to Katami and 661.74 hectares to Manzoorha Gram Sabha.
• In Sitanadi Udanti Tiger Reserve, for the first time in the state, community forest resource rights have been jointly recognized in three gram sabhas of Sitanadi Tiger Reserve in Dhamtari district - Likhma, Baniyadih and Mainpur in 1811.53 hectares. It is noteworthy that the traditional boundaries of all three villages are the same, but due to increase in population, they were divided into three villages.