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27 Aug 2022
GS Paper 1
History
Day 48: Analyze the differences between Nazism and Fascism. (150 Words)
Approach
Approach
- Give a brief introduction about Nazism and Fascism.
- Compare and describe the associate differences and similarities between them.
- Write a fair Conclusion.
Ans
The definitions of "Nazism" and "fascism" can occasionally be unclear. In Italy, Mussolini founded the first fascist party. Later, the phrase was adopted to refer to various right-wing groups and regimes, but not always appropriately. In fact, each brand of so-called 'fascism' had its own special features; in the case of the German Nazis, there were many similarities with Mussolini's fascist system, but also some important differences.
Similarities:
- Strong anti-communist principles helped both of them win widespread support from all socioeconomic strata.
- They intended to establish a totalitarian regime, regulating business, agriculture, and people's way of life to limit personal freedom. They were anti-democratic.
- They made an effort to make the nation self-sufficient.
- They stressed the close cooperation of all classes in pursuing these goals.
- Both stressed the supremacy of the state, were fiercely patriotic, and promoted the cult of the hero or leader who would lead the nation out of its difficulties.
Differences:
- In Italy, fascism never seemed to gain as much ground as the Nazi regime did in Germany.
- Germany's system was more effective than the Italian one. Italians never came close to being self-sufficient and never managed to end unemployment; in fact, Unemployment actually increased. Although they never achieved total autocracy, the Nazis were successful in ending unemployment.
- The Italian system was neither as merciless or as violent as that in Germany.
- Before 1938, when Mussolini embraced the strategy to emulate Hitler, Italian fascism was not particularly anti-Jewish or racist.
- Following his accord with the pope in 1929, Mussolini was more effective than Hitler with his religious policies.
Finally, their constitutional positions were different in both nations. The monarchy still remained in Italy. Mussolini normally ignored Victor Emmanuel, the king who played a vital role in 1943 when Mussolini's critics turned to him as head of state. He was able to announce Mussolini's dismissal and order his arrest. Unfortunately, there was nobody in Germany who could dismiss Hitler.
