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Biodiversity & Environment

Gir National Park

  • 02 Mar 2020
  • 2 min read
  • The Gir National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Junagadh district of Gujarat.
  • The Gir Forests is the only natural habitat of Asiatic lions.
    • It was declared as a sanctuary in 1965 and a national park in 1975.
  • The Gir Forests is the largest compact tract of dry deciduous forests in the semi-arid western part of India.
  • The Gir Forests forms a unique habitat for many mammals, reptiles, birds and insect species along with a rich variety of flora.
  • Gir is often linked with "Maldharis" who have survived through the ages by having symbiotic relationship with the lion.
    • Maldharis are religious pastoral communities living in Gir. Their settlements are called "nesses".
  • Other National Parks in Gujarat
    • Black buck National Park
    • Vansda National park
    • Marine National Park

Asiatic Lion

  • Scientific Name: Panthera leo persica
  • Habitat: Gir National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary
  • Threats
    • They are vulnerable to disease, encroachment, forest fire, natural calamities, grazing, collection of fuelwood, Non-timber forest produce (NTFP), poaching, tourism, religious pilgrimage and accidental lion deaths due to human causes.
    • Also, there have been indications of poaching incidents in recent years.
  • Protection Status
    • IUCN Red List: Endangered
    • CITES: Appendix I
    • Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972: Schedule I

Source: TH

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