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Tsunami Early Warning System in India

Why in News According to experts from the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information System (INCOIS), India is much safer against tsunami threats...

27 Oct 2020 Tsunami
Tsunami Ready Programme: UNESCO-IOC

Why in News Recently, the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO (also known as UNESCO-IOC) has approved the recognition of two...

07 Aug 2020 Tsunami
Indonesia Tsunami

A tsunami killed more than 200 people and injured hundreds on the Indonesian islands of Java and Sumatra following an underwater landslide believed...

24 Dec 2018 Tsunami

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		'title' => 'Tsunami Early Warning System in India',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>According to experts from the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/incois-launches-products" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Indian National Centre for Ocean Information System (INCOIS)</strong></a>, India is much safer against tsunami threats than it was in 2004, due to the establishment of a state-of-the-art tsunami early warning system at INCOIS.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Indian Tsunami Early Warning System:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The Indian Tsunami Early Warning System (ITEWS) was <strong>established in 2007</strong> and is based at &amp; operated by INCOIS, Hyderabad.</li>
<li>It is an <strong>integrated effort</strong> of different organizations including the Department of Space (DOS), Department of Science and Technology (DST), the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Survey of India (SOI) and National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT).</li>
<li>ITEWS comprises a<strong> real-time network of seismic stations,</strong> tide gauges and a <strong>24X7 operational tsunami warning centre</strong> to detect tsunamigenic earthquakes, to monitor tsunamis and to provide timely advisories to vulnerable communities.</li>
<li>Indian scientists can detect large undersea earthquakes in Indian Ocean in real-time and provide a tsunami warning in 10-20 minutes after the earthquake occurs. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>In 2004, India didn&rsquo;t have any tsunami warning capability nor any public knowledge of tsunamis in the Indian Ocean.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>India is among the <strong>first few centres to introduce quantitative tsunami forecasts.</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC)</strong> of <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/unesco-5" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>UNESCO</strong></a> (also known as UNESCO-IOC) accredited<strong> Indian Tsunami Early Warning Centre</strong> (ITEWC) as <strong>Tsunami Service Provider</strong> (TSP) for 28 <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/19th-iora-council-of-ministers-meeting" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Indian Ocean Rim</strong></a> <strong>(IOR) countries</strong>, along with Indonesia and Australia in 2011, for issuing regional warnings.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Recent Focus in Tsunami Warning Capability:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The focus in recent times has been on <strong>enhancing community awareness and response</strong> through several <strong>capacity building activities, biennial Indian Ocean wide tsunami drills</strong> and<strong> piloting of the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/tsunami-ready-programme-unesco-ioc" target="_blank" rel="noopener">UNESCO-IOC Tsunami Ready initiative.</a></strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Tsunami Ready is a community performance-based programme</strong> to promote tsunami preparedness through active collaboration of public, community leaders, and national and local emergency management agencies.</li>
<li>The <strong>main objective of this programme is to improve coastal community's preparedness for tsunami emergencies,</strong> to minimize the loss of life and property and to ensure a structural and systematic approach in building community preparedness through fulfilling the best-practice indicators.</li>
<li><strong>Two villages of Odisha-</strong> Venkatraipur in Ganjam district and Noliasahi in Jagatsinghpur district<strong> are now &lsquo;Tsunami Ready&rsquo;.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>INCOIS is <strong>establishing a network of 35 stations to estimate the tectonic plate&rsquo;s movements in real-time</strong> and measure the vertical displacements under the sea directly.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>INCOIS</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>INCOIS was <strong>established in 1999</strong> as an <strong>autonomous body</strong> under the <strong>Ministry of Earth Sciences.</strong></li>
<li><strong>INCOIS</strong> through Indian Tsunami Early Warning Centre (ITEWC) is the <strong>nodal agency to provide tsunami advisories to India.</strong></li>
<li>It is coordinating with the Disaster Management Officials (DMOs) for implementation of <strong>Tsunami Ready</strong> programme in India.</li>
<li>It conducts <strong>IOWave Tsunami mock exercises biannually</strong> to strengthen the readiness to handle the emergency situations with stakeholders.</li>
<li>INCOIS also identifies the <strong>Potential Fishing Zones</strong> (PFZ) for the fishermen community.</li>
<li>It has also <strong>made improvement in overcoming the cloud cover</strong> through usage of geostationary satellites and numerical modelling.</li>
<li>INCOIS has also partnered with <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-national-institutions/indian-space-research-organisation-isro" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Indian Space Research Organisation</strong></a> (ISRO) and <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/wings-india-2020" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Airports Authority of India</strong></a> (AAI) to <strong>develop a satellite based message broadcasting services</strong> through the indigenous navigational satellite communication system <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/navic" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>'NAVIC'</strong></a>.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Tsunamis</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>These are a series of waves usually <strong>generated by movement of the sea floor.</strong> These movements are <strong>caused by different types of geophysical phenomena</strong> such as <a href="/to-the-points/paper1/earthquake-4" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>earthquakes</strong></a>,<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/international-conference-on-landslides-risk-reduction-and-resilience" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> landslides</strong> </a><strong>and volcanic eruptions.</strong></li>
<li>The word tsunami is a <strong>Japanese word,</strong> represented by two characters: tsu, meaning, "harbor", and nami meaning, "wave".</li>
<li>The tsunami waves behave very differently in deep water than in shallow water as their <strong>speed is related to the water depth.</strong></li>
<li>They <strong>frequently occur in the Pacific,</strong> where dense oceanic plates slide under the lighter continental plates. When these plates fracture they provide a vertical movement of the seafloor that allows a quick and efficient transfer of energy from the solid earth to the ocean.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>Way Forward</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Initiatives like Tsunami Ready has to be replicated in other vulnerable coastal communities as it enhances ability to respond to cyclones and storm surges too.</li>
<li>The best of warning systems could fail, if communities are not prepared, if they do not understand the official and natural warning signs of a tsunami, and if they do not take appropriate and timely response.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/india-much-safer-against-tsunami-threat-incois-director/article32947534.ece#:~:text=India%20is%20much%20safer%20against,Information%20System%20(INCOIS)%20here." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 6125,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Tsunami Ready Programme: UNESCO-IOC',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the <strong>Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/unesco-5" target="_blank" rel="noopener">UNESCO</a></strong> (also known as UNESCO-IOC) has <strong>approved the recognition of two communities of Odisha viz., Venkatraipur and Noliasahi as Tsunami Ready Communities.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>With this recognition, India has become the <strong>first country in the Indian Ocean Region</strong> to achieve the honor from the UNESCO-IOC.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Odisha is the<strong> first state in India</strong> to have such recognised communities.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Tsunami Ready:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is a <strong>community performance-based programme initiated by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO</strong> to promote tsunami preparedness through active collaboration of public, community leaders, and national and local emergency management agencies.</li>
<li>The<strong> main objective</strong> of this programme is to improve coastal community's preparedness for tsunami emergencies, to minimize the loss of life and property and to ensure a structural and systematic approach in building community preparedness through fulfilling the best-practice indicators set by the<strong> Intergovernmental Coordination Group for the Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System (ICG/IOTWMS) of UNESCO-IOC.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Implementation in India:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Tsunami Ready in India is implemented by the <strong>National Board (Ministry of Earth Sciences- MoES)</strong> under the <strong>Chairmanship of Director, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/incois-launches-products" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Centre (INCOIS)</a></strong> with members drawn from MoES, <strong><a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-national-institutions/national-disaster-management-authority-ndma-" target="_blank" rel="noopener">National Disaster Management Authority</a> (NDMA)</strong>, Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), Odisha State Disaster Management Authority (OSDMA), Andaman &amp; Nicobar Islands Directorate of Disaster Management (DDM) and INCOIS.</li>
<li><strong>INCOIS (an autonomous body under the Ministry of Earth sciences)</strong> is also <strong>providing tsunami advisories to Indian Ocean region (25 countries)</strong> as a Tsunami Service Provider as the responsibility assigned by UNESCO-IOC. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The <strong>Indian Tsunami Early Warning Centre (ITEWC), INCOIS is the nodal agency to provide tsunami advisories to India.</strong> It is coordinating with the Disaster Management Officials (DMOs) for implementation of Tsunami Ready programme in India.</li>
<li>It conducts <strong>IOWave Tsunami mock exercises biannually</strong> in coordination with ICG/IOTWMS and also conducts <strong>mock exercises at national level in alternative years</strong> in coordination with MHA and NDMA and State Disaster Management Agencies (SDMA) to strengthen the readiness to handle the emergency situations with stakeholders.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Tsunamis</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>These are a series of waves usually <strong>generated by movement of the sea floor.</strong> These movements are <strong>caused by different types of geophysical phenomena</strong> such as <strong><a href="/to-the-points/paper1/earthquake-4" target="_blank" rel="noopener">earthquakes</a>, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/international-conference-on-landslides-risk-reduction-and-resilience" target="_blank" rel="noopener">landslides</a> and volcanic eruptions.</strong></li>
<li>The word tsunami is a <strong>Japanese word,</strong> represented by two characters: tsu, meaning, "harbor", and nami meaning, "wave".</li>
<li>The tsunami waves behave very differently in deep water than in shallow water as their<strong> speed is related to the water depth. </strong></li>
<li>They<strong> frequently occur in the Pacific,</strong> where dense oceanic plates slide under the lighter continental plates. When these plates fracture they provide a vertical movement of the seafloor that allows a quick and efficient transfer of energy from the solid earth to the ocean.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1643749#:~:text=Virtual%20Event%20on%20UNESCO%2DIOC,Communities%20on%2007%20Aug%202020.&amp;text=It%20has%20been%20observed%20that,losses%20and%20speed%20up%20response." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 1099,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Indonesia Tsunami',
		'description' => '<p>A tsunami killed more than 200 people and injured hundreds on the <strong>Indonesian islands of Java and Sumatra</strong> following an underwater landslide believed to be caused by the erupting <strong>Anak Krakatau volcano.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Anak Krakatau is the island that emerged from the area once occupied by Krakatau, which was destroyed in 1883. It first appeared in 1927 and has been growing ever since.</li>
<li>In<strong> August 1883,</strong> Krakatoa underwent one of the most violent volcanic eruptions in recorded history:
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Massive <strong>tsunamis</strong> with waves of up to 41m killed more than 30,000 people.</li>
<li>Thousands more were killed by <strong>hot ash.</strong></li>
<li>The eruptions were <strong>equivalent</strong> to 200 megatons of TNT - about 13,000 times the nuclear yield of the bomb dropped on <strong>Hiroshima in 1945.</strong></li>
<li>World <strong>temperatures dropped</strong> by more than 1&deg;C the following year.</li>
<li>The volcanic island <strong>virtually disappeared.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>High seas as a result of the full moon</strong> also contributed to the strength of the waves.</li>
<li>Tsunami warning buoys are positioned to warn about tsunamis originated by earthquakes at underwater tectonic plate boundaries and <strong>not</strong> for those by volcanoes.</li>
<li>Moreover, the <strong>proximity of the volcano</strong> to the coast gave authorities <strong>very little time to act.</strong></li>
<li>Indonesia is<strong> prone to tsunamis</strong> because it lies on the<strong> Ring of Fire - the line of frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions that circles virtually the entire Pacific rim.</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Earlier in September, 2018 more than 2,000 people died when a powerful earthquake struck just off the central Indonesian island of <strong>Sulawesi, setting off a tsunami.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align: center;"><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/AXHN14IHtLY" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></p>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Tsunami</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Tsunami is a Japanese term meaning a<strong> harbor wave.</strong> It is also commonly known as<strong> killer waves.</strong></li>
<li>A Tsunami is not just a single wave but a <strong>series of ocean waves called a wave train</strong> caused by an underwater earthquake, by a volcanic eruption, landslide, rapid changes in atmospheric pressure, or a meteorite.</li>
<li>However, tsunamis caused by <strong>volcanic activity are less frequent.</strong></li>
<li>Most tsunamis&ndash;about 80 percent&ndash;happen within the Pacific Ocean&rsquo;s<strong> &ldquo;Ring of Fire,&rdquo;</strong> a geologically active area where tectonic shifts make volcanoes and earthquakes common.</li>
<li>Tsunamis race across the sea at up to 500 miles (805 kilometers) an hour&mdash;about as fast as a jet airplane. At that pace, they can cross the entire expanse of the Pacific Ocean in less than a day.</li>
<li>Since they are <strong>long wavelengths, they lose very little energy along the way.</strong></li>
<li>In December 2015, the UN General Assembly designated<strong> 5 November as World Tsunami Awareness Day.</strong></li>
</ul>
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