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Kastoori Cotton

Why in News Union Minister for Textiles unveiled a brand and a logo for Indian cotton recently on the occasion of 2nd World Cotton Day on 7th...

10 Oct 2020 Agricultural Marketing
Session on Precision Agriculture

Why in News Recently, a session on “Sensors and Sensing for Precision Agriculture” was organised by the Indian Council of Agricultural...

07 Oct 2020 Agricultural Marketing
The Big Picture: Agriculture Reforms

Why in News? Rajya Sabha has passed two bills related to Agriculture Sector Reforms, namely: The Farmers' Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion...

30 Sep 2020 Agricultural Marketing
Report on 2020-21 Kharif Marketing Season: CACP

Why in News The Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP) has released the latest report for the 2020-21 kharif marketing season. Key...

23 Sep 2020 Agricultural Marketing
Farmer’s Protest

This article is based on “It’s a no green signal from the farm world” which was published in The Hindu on 21/09/2020. It talks...

21 Sep 2020 Agricultural Marketing
World Bamboo Day

Why in News World Bamboo Day is celebrated every year on 18th September. Theme of 2020: Bamboo Now Key Points World Bamboo Day : It was...

19 Sep 2020 Agricultural Marketing
Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana

Why in News Recently, the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY) has been digitally launched. Several other initiatives in the fisheries...

10 Sep 2020 Agricultural Marketing
Launch of Bamboo Clusters

Why in News Recently, the Union Minister for Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare has virtually inaugurated 22 bamboo clusters in 9 states viz....

09 Sep 2020 Agricultural Marketing
Agri Profits and Farmers’ Income

Why in News A detailed analysis of 25 key field and horticultural crops done by the rating agency Crisil has indicated that per hectare...

25 Aug 2020 Agricultural Marketing
Food System Vision 2050 Prize: Rockefeller Foundation

Why in News The Rockefeller Foundation has selected Naandi Foundation (a Hyderabad based non-profit organisation), as one of the top 10...

08 Aug 2020 Agricultural Marketing
First Kisan Rail

Why in News The Indian Railways has introduced the first “Kisan Rail” from Devlali (Maharashtra) to Danapur (Bihar). The Centre had announced...

08 Aug 2020 Agricultural Marketing
Pokkali Rice: Kerala

Why in News Farmers in West Bengal are experimenting with the pokkali variety of rice to tide over a crisis-like situation created by severe...

06 Aug 2020 Agricultural Marketing
PM-KISAN

This article is based on ‘‘PM-KISAN is not reaching all farmer households as intended” which was published in The Indian Express...

03 Aug 2020 Agricultural Marketing
High Level Group on Agricultural Exports : Finance Commission

Why in News Recently, the High Level Group (HLEG) on Agricultural Exports set up by the Fifteenth Finance Commission has submitted its report to the...

01 Aug 2020 Agricultural Marketing
Agriculture Infrastructure Fund

Why in News Recently, the Union Cabinet has given approval to a pan India central sector scheme i.e. Agriculture Infrastructure Fund, to inject...

09 Jul 2020 Agricultural Marketing
Small Farmers’ Agribusiness Consortium

Why in News Recently the Union Minister of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare highlighted the role of Small Farmers’ Agribusiness...

13 Jun 2020 Agricultural Marketing
Agricultural Sector Reforms

Why in News Recently, the Cabinet has approved a proposal to promulgate three separate ordinances to push agriculture marketing and commodities...

04 Jun 2020 Agricultural Marketing
Restriction on Paddy Cultivation

Why in News Recently, the farmers from Haryana are protesting against the State Government’s order under which farmers have to diversify at...

26 May 2020 Agricultural Marketing
Odisha Promotes Contract Farming

Why in News Recently, the Odisha government has promulgated an ordinance allowing investors and farmers to enter into an agreement for contract...

22 May 2020 Agricultural Marketing
States’ Share in PMMSY and FME

Why in News Recently, the Cabinet has approved the implementation of the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY) and Formalisation of Micro...

21 May 2020 Agricultural Marketing

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		'title' => 'Kastoori Cotton',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Union Minister for Textiles unveiled a brand and a logo for<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/india-s-cotton-story" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Indian cotton</strong></a> recently on the occasion of 2<sup>nd</sup> <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/world-cotton-day" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>World Cotton Day</strong></a> on 7<sup>th</sup> October 2020.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The branding, <strong>Kasturi Cotton,</strong> would initially be applicable to long-staple cotton that is grown in India and meets prescribed standards.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points<a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1602316468_image2.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1602316468_image2.png" style="float: right;" width="250" caption="false" /></a></h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>World Cotton Day</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Theme for World Cotton Day, 2020:</strong> Cotton: The Fibre that Moves Me</li>
<li><strong>Launched:</strong> By World Trade Organisation in 2019 on the initiative of <strong>Cotton-4 (Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad and Mali).</strong></li>
<li><strong>In Collaboration with:</strong> United Nations <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/important-facts-for-prelims-22nd-march-2019" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Food and Agriculture Organization</strong></a> (FAO), the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/world-investment-report-unctad" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>United Nations Conference on Trade and Development</strong> </a>(UNCTAD), the<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/international-msme-day" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> International Trade Centre</strong></a> (ITC) and the International Cotton Advisory Committee (ICAC).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Cotton</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Kharif Crop</strong> which requires 6 to 8 months to mature.</li>
<li><strong>Drought &ndash; resistant</strong> crop ideal for arid climates.</li>
<li><strong>Occupies 2.1%</strong> of the world&rsquo;s arable land, meets <strong>27%</strong> of the world&rsquo;s textiles need.</li>
<li><strong>Temperature:</strong> Between 21-30&deg;C.</li>
<li><strong>Rainfall:</strong> Around 50-100cm.</li>
<li><strong>Soil Type:</strong> Well-drained <strong>black cotton soil (Regur Soil)</strong> (E.g. Soil of Deccan Plateau)</li>
<li><strong>Products:</strong> fibre, oil and animal feed.</li>
<li><strong>Top Cotton Producing Countries:</strong> China &gt; India &gt; USA</li>
<li><strong>Top Cotton Producing States in India</strong>: Gujarat &gt; Maharashtra &gt; Telangana &gt; Andhra Pradesh &gt; Rajasthan.</li>
<li><strong>Four cultivated species</strong> of cotton: <em>Gossypium arboreum, G.herbaceum, G.hirsutum and G.barbadense.</em><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><em><strong>Gossypium arboreum and G.herbaceum</strong></em> are known as <strong>old-world cotton</strong> or <strong>Asiatic cotton.</strong></li>
<li>G.hirsutum is also known as <strong>American cotton or upland cotton</strong> and G.barbadense as <strong>Egyptian cotton.</strong> These are both <strong>new world cotton species.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Hybrid Cotton:</strong> Cotton made by crossing two parent strains that have different genetic characters. Hybrids are often <strong>spontaneously and randomly created in nature</strong> when open-pollinated plants naturally cross-pollinate with other related varieties.</li>
<li><strong>Bt Cotton:</strong> It is a genetically modified organism or genetically modified pest-resistant variety of cotton.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Cotton in India</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Cotton is an important<strong> fibre and cash crop</strong> which plays a dominant role in the industrial and agricultural economy of India.</li>
<li>India is the&nbsp;<strong>largest producer of cotton</strong> in the world and the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/the-decline-in-cotton-exports" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>third largest exporter</strong></a>. It is also the <strong>largest consumer of cotton</strong> in the world.</li>
<li>The pest-resistant <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/impacts-of-bt-cotton" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Genetically Modified (GM) Bt cotton hybrids</strong> </a>have captured the Indian market (covering over<strong> 95%</strong> of the area under cotton) since their <strong>introduction in 2002.</strong></li>
<li>India produces about 6 million tons of cotton every year which is about 23% of the world cotton.</li>
<li>India produces about 51% of the<strong> total organic cotton production</strong> of the world.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Government Initiatives for Cotton</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>National Food Security Mission-Commercial Crops (NFSM-CC):</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>In the <strong>12<sup>th</sup> Five Year Plan,</strong> under the <a href="/to-the-points/paper3/food-security-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>NFSM</strong></a>, a cropping system approach is being adopted by including commercial crops like cotton, jute and sugarcane.</li>
<li>Cotton Development Programme (CDP), launched in 2014-15 is being implemented under NFSM-CC for enhancing production and productivity.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Ministry of Textiles in collaboration with <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-national-institutions/apeda-trifed" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA)</strong></a> under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry has prescribed a <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/organic-food-regulatory-system-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>certification system for organic Cotton</strong></a></li>
<li><strong>Cotton Corporation of India (CCI)</strong> has developed a mobile application called<strong> &ldquo;Cott-Ally&rdquo;</strong> to provide the latest news on weather conditions, the crop situation and best farm practices.</li>
<li>CCI has also opened 430 procurement centres in all cotton-growing states and payments are being made digitally to farmers&rsquo; accounts within 72 hours.</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Cotton Corporation of India</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>CCI was established in 1970 under the administrative control of the <strong>Ministry of Textiles</strong> as a <strong>Public Sector Undertaking</strong> under the<strong> Companies Act 1956.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Headquarters:</strong> CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai (Maharashtra)</li>
<li><strong>Role:</strong> To undertake price support operations, whenever the market prices of cotton fall below the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/minimum-support-price" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Minimum Support Prices (MSP)</strong></a> announced by Govt. of India, without any quantitative limit.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Cotton Research</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The <strong>Central Institute for Cotton Research</strong> has campuses in Nagpur in Maharashtra state and Sirsa in Haryana state.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is a central research institute established by the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/indian-council-of-agricultural-research" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) .</strong></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The<strong> ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology is situated in Mumbai.</strong></li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/business/indian-cotton-gets-kasturi-branding-logo/article32816396.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 6670,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Session on Precision Agriculture',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, a session on<strong> &ldquo;Sensors and Sensing for Precision Agriculture&rdquo;</strong> was organised by the <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/indian-council-of-agricultural-research" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Indian Council of Agricultural Research</a>-<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/iari-breeds-nutrient-rich-hybrid-maize" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Indian Agricultural Research Institute</a></strong> (ICAR-IARI).</p>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Precision Agriculture</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Precision agriculture (PA) is an <strong>approach where inputs are utilised in precise amounts to get increased average yields,</strong> compared to traditional cultivation techniques such as <a href="/mains-practice-question/question-212" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>agroforestry</strong></a>, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/multi-cropping" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>intercropping</strong></a>, crop rotation, etc.</li>
<li>Sustainable PA is this century&rsquo;s most valuable innovation in farm management that is based on using <strong>Information and Communication Technologies</strong> (ICTs).</li>
<li>It is <strong>based on sustainable agriculture and healthy food production</strong> and it consists of profitability and increasing production, economic efficiency and the reduction of side effects on the environment.</li>
<li><strong>Benefits:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Increases agriculture productivity.</li>
<li>Prevents soil degradation.</li>
<li>Reduces chemical application in crop production.</li>
<li>Efficient use of water resources.</li>
<li>Disseminates modern farm practices to improve the quality, quantity and reduced cost of production.</li>
<li>Changes the socio-economic status of farmers.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Challenges:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Research suggests <strong>educational and economic challenges</strong> as the two most important in the application of precision agriculture.
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Among the <strong>variables that contribute to educational challenges,</strong> lack of local experts, funds, knowledgeable research and extension personnel have more of an impact compared to others.</li>
<li>PA and initial costs have more of an impact among the<strong> economic challenges</strong> compared to the other issues.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Discussions at the Session:</strong> Recent <strong>advances in the field of sensors, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/cartosat-3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">remote sensing</a>, deep learning, <a href="/loksabha-rajyasabha-discussions/in-depth-artificial-intelligence" target="_blank" rel="noopener">artificial intelligence</a> and <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/india-must-get-on-the-iot-highway-fast#:~:text=Internet%20Of%20Things%20(IoT)%20is%20a%20computing%20concept%20that%20describes,than%20the%20object%20by%20itself." target="_blank" rel="noopener">Internet of Things</a></strong> (IoT)<strong> for monitoring and quantification</strong> of soil, plant and environment to enhance farm productivity with increased input use efficiency and environmental <a href="/to-the-points/paper3/sustainable-development-3" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>sustainability</strong></a>.</li>
<li><strong>Part of VAIBHAV Summit:</strong> The session is a part of the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/vaibhav-summit" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Vaishwik Bhartiya Vaigyanik (VAIBHAV) Summit 2020.</strong></a><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>VAIBHAV is a<strong> Government of India initiative</strong> to bring together the thought process, practices, research and development (R&amp;D) culture of overseas and Indian scientists/academicians.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Research Gaps Identified:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Development of indigenous low-cost sensors</strong> with integrated platforms, robotics, IoT for high throughput field phenotyping and soil and crop health monitoring and management.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Phenotyping is the process</strong> of determining, analysing or predicting all or part of an organism's phenotype (observable physical properties of an organism).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Big data analytics and modelling</strong> for sensor-based early detection of stresses, discrimination in the agriculture sector.</li>
<li><strong>Standardized protocols for <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/national-anti-drone-guidelines" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Unmanned Aerial Vehicle</a></strong> (UAV) based imaging using different sensors, inter sensor calibration and data analytics for near real-time crop condition monitoring and management.</li>
<li><strong>Development of affordable scale neutral precision agricultural technologies</strong> suitable to the ecosystem of Indian agriculture.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Scale neutrality means, if other things remain the same, one small plot of land gives the same proportion of output as a large land holding.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Way Forward</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Keeping in view the research gaps, a specific objective-driven collaboration needs to be proposed.</li>
<li>More R&amp;D in the field and on the concept is needed. For that, collaborations with global universities can be done for further excelling in education and research and capacity building.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1662115" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 6621,
		'category_id' => (int) 15,
		'title' => 'The Big Picture: Agriculture Reforms',
		'description' => '<p style="text-align: center;"><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/G6ggAhcGlxA" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></p>
<h3>Why in News?</h3>
<p>Rajya Sabha has passed two bills related to Agriculture Sector Reforms, namely:</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Farmers' Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Bill, 2020</li>
<li>The Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm Services Bill, 2020.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The reforms are expected to accelerate growth in the sector through private sector investment in building infrastructure and supply chains for farm produce in national and global markets.</li>
<li>They are intended to help small farmers who don&rsquo;t have means to either bargain for their produce to get a better price or invest in technology to improve the productivity of farms</li>
<li>The legislation on contract farming will allow farmers to enter into a contract with agri-business firms or large retailers on pre-agreed prices of their produce</li>
<li>However, for the middlemen and the state, it is not really good news as they will lose their commission and mandi taxes.</li>
<li>Neither of the bills affect the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/minimum-support-price" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Minimum Support Price</strong></a> in any way as the MSP is an administrative decision not a law.</li>
</ul>
<h3>The Farmers' Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Bill, 2020</h3>
<p><strong>Key features</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It seeks to provide for the creation of an ecosystem where the farmers and traders enjoy the freedom of choice relating to sale and purchase of farmers' produce.</li>
<li>The Bill also proposes an electronic trading in transaction platform for ensuring a seamless trade electronically.</li>
<li>The farmers will not be charged any cess or levy for sale of their produce under this Act. Further there will be a separate dispute resolution mechanism for the farmers.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Benefits</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Selling option:</strong> The bill gives the long sought freedom to the farmers of selling their produce via more than one channel of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/agriculture-produce-to-agriculture-marketinghttps://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/agriculture-produce-to-agriculture-marketing" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>APMCs.</strong></a> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>However, APMC will still be available as a choice to sell their products.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Promote trade:</strong> It will also promote barrier-free inter-state and intra-state trade and commerce outside the physical premises of markets notified under State Agricultural Produce Marketing legislations.</li>
<li><strong>Better price:</strong> It will also help farmers of regions with surplus produce to get better prices and consumers of regions with shortages, lower prices.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It will open more choices for the farmer, reduce marketing costs for the farmers and help them in getting better prices.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>One India, One Agriculture Market:</strong> The Bill basically aims at creating additional trading opportunities outside the APMC market yards to help farmers get remunerative prices due to additional competition. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>This will supplement the existing MSP procurement system which is providing stable income to farmers.</li>
<li>It will certainly pave the way for creating <strong>One India, One Agriculture Market</strong> and will lay the foundation for ensuring golden harvests for our hard working farmers.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>APMC&rsquo;s</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>An <strong>Agricultural Produce Market Committee (APMC)</strong> is a marketing board established by a state government in India to ensure farmers are safeguarded from exploitation by large retailers, as well as ensuring the farm to retail price spread does not reach excessively high levels.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>The Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement of Price Assurance and Farm Services Bill, 2020</h3>
<p><strong>Key Features:</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It seeks to provide for a national framework on farming agreements that protects and empowers farmers to engage with agri-business firms, processors, wholesalers, exporters or large retailers for farm services and sale of future farming produce at a mutually agreed remunerative price framework in a fair and transparent manner and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Benefits</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Level playing field:</strong> The new legislation will empower farmers for engaging with processors, wholesalers, aggregators, wholesalers, large retailers, exporters etc., on a level playing field without any fear of exploitation.</li>
<li><strong>Transfer the risk:</strong> It will transfer the risk of market unpredictability from the farmer to the sponsor and also enable the farmer to access modern technology and better inputs.</li>
<li><strong>Attract private sector:</strong> This legislation will act as a catalyst to attract private sector investment for building supply chains for supply of Indian farm produce to national and global markets, and in agricultural infrastructure.</li>
<li><strong>Eliminate intermediaries:</strong> Farmers will engage in direct marketing thereby eliminating intermediaries resulting in full realization of price. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Sale, lease or mortgage of farmers&rsquo; land is totally prohibited and farmers&rsquo; land is also protected against any recovery.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Impact of the Bills</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The stakeholders in these bills are: <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Farmers:</strong> The farmer is now the producer and the seller of his own produce and will be free to enter into agreement with private trade directly.</li>
<li><strong>Consumers:</strong> The consumers would now get the produce as much lower costs.</li>
<li><strong>Middlemen or Arthias:</strong> The Arthias will lose the economic stranglehold they have on the mandis.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The opposition is faced the most in Punjab and Haryana as in other states, they do not have such a strong hold.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>State Government:</strong> Different State Governments revenues will be adversely affected.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The mandi tax, <strong>arthiya commission</strong> and other taxes imposed by the state govt in Punjab gives about 7,000 crore rupees as transaction cost annually.</li>
<li>There is 8.5% and 7% of total transaction cost collected from Punjab and Haryana respectively whereas for most other states it&rsquo;s about 2.5-3.5% only. Therefore, the state revenue of these two states will be drastically hit.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Arthias</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Arthias are those who act as the immediate intermediary and aggregator in the process of procurement for which they charge their <strong>commission</strong> as notified in the <strong>Agricultural Produce Markets Act (APMC)</strong> of the respective States.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>Conclusion</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The farmers will earn better income as they get to dictate their own price and do not have to pay transportation charges anymore.</li>
<li>Competition is the best protector of stakeholders whether it is consumer or the farmers.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Having a variety of buyers will protect farmers from exploitation and by having more sellers (farmers), consumers can buy better products at better deals.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Although the role of middlemen is not going to end completely, their hold on the trade will not be as strong.</li>
</ul>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 6561,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Report on 2020-21 Kharif Marketing Season: CACP',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/msp-raised-for-rabi-crops" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices</strong></a> (CACP) has released the latest report for the 2020-21 kharif marketing season.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Present Scenario:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Overflowing Stocks of Foodgrains:</strong> The central pool had 73.85 million tonnes of food grains on 2<sup>nd</sup> April, 2020. This is not only the highest-ever stock available but also over 300% of the strategic and operation reserve norm of 21.04 million tonnes. This year&rsquo;s kharif crop production is also estimated to be record-high.</li>
<li><strong>Failure of Open Market Sale Scheme (OMSS):</strong> The Union government had decided in April 2019 to sell wheat and rice in the open market via e-auction through OMSS. It aimed to divert extra stock. But the government could just sell one-fifth of the target of a five-million tonne sale.</li>
<li><strong>Increase in food business registration:</strong> There has been a 65% year-on-year jump in registration applications for new food businesses, indicating that <strong>private players are eager to invest in agri business</strong> and the rural economy as a result of the reforms by <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/agricultural-marketing-reforms" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Agricultural ordinances.</strong></a></li>
<li><strong>Traders moving out-of Mandi:</strong> As there would be no fees on buying outside the Mandi (unlike before the agri ordinances), many of the traders would prefer to buy outside. In June to August, there was a 20-40% drop in sale volume of non-perishables within the mandis. This will <strong>adversely impact the farmers.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Increase in MSP for Rabi Crops:</strong> Recently, the<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/centre-cuts-non-urea-fertiliser-subsidy" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs</strong></a> marginally<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/msp-raised-for-rabi-crops" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> increased the Minimum Support Price (MSP)</strong> </a>of six rabi crops for 2021-22. This is in line with the principle of fixing the MSPs at a level of at least 1.5 times of the<strong> All-India weighted average Cost of Production</strong> as announced in Union Budget 2018-19.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Challenges:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Unavailability of Physical Space for Storage:</strong> This can cause foodgrains to perish.</li>
<li><strong>Reduction in Demand due to More Supply:</strong> Release of high buffer stock in the market, would lead to a collapse in prices. This, in turn, will lead to farmers again losing on fair price for their bumper harvest.</li>
<li><strong>Farmer&rsquo;s protest:</strong> Recently, there have been strong <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/farmer-s-protest" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>protests from farmers</strong></a>, especially from the states of Punjab and Haryana, against three farm bills passed in the parliament. This has posed a challenge in front of the government to assure farmers of routine procurements and fair prices.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Recommendations of CACP Report:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Excess Stocks need to be urgently liquidated:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>This will help ease storage capacity constraints and save large carrying costs of excessive stocks.</li>
<li>Excess rice stocks should be liquidated through increased allocation under the <a href="/to-the-points/paper3/public-distribution-system-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>National Food Security Act</strong> </a>and Other Welfare Schemes.</li>
<li>The government should divert old stocks for ethanol production and cattle feed purposes.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Review open-ended procurement policy (OEPP):</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The central government should <strong>review OEPP for rice and wheat.</strong></li>
<li>Major policy changes should be introduced in pricing, procurement and use of other crops like oilseeds, pulses, maize nutri-cereals to encourage farmers to shift to these crops,which have great potential for <strong>crop diversification.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>More Procurement from States like UP and Bihar:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Strengthen procurement from states like Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan </strong>and <strong>restrict procurement from states</strong> like Punjab and Haryana where substantial groundwater depletion has occurred and other states that give bonus.</li>
<li>In all those states that impose high fees and incidental charges and pay bonus, procurement of rice and wheat should be restricted.</li>
<li>The state governments should discontinue the bonus above the minimum support price (MSP)<strong> as it distorts the market and discourages private sale.</strong></li>
<li>More than 95% of paddy farmers in Punjab are covered under the government procurement system while it is 70% in case of Haryana. In case of other major paddy producing states like Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, it is 3.6% and 1.7% respectively.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Reserve Price for open Market Sale of Pulses and oilseeds</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The government should not sell these stocks in the open market below the MSP, particularly during the procurement season as it depresses market prices and discourages the private sector to procure directly from farmers.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Way Forward</h3>
<p>Given the forecast for food grains like paddy, the prices would be subdued due to large stocks and also less demand globally. If the government decides to flood the market with its excessive stock, it would lead to more supply, thus reducing the price. In such a scenario, implementing the bold recommendations of CACP may help in dealing with the stocks.</p>
<p><a href="https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/agriculture/bumper-kharif-amid-excess-stock-is-india-staring-at-hard-agri-decisions-73491" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: DTE</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 4 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 6539,
		'category_id' => (int) 22,
		'title' => 'Farmer’s Protest',
		'description' => '<div class="border">
<p>This article is based on <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/its-a-no-green-signal-from-the-farm-world/article32655181.ece?utm_source=rss_feed&amp;utm_medium=rss&amp;utm_campaign=rss_syndication" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>&ldquo;It&rsquo;s a no green signal from the farm world&rdquo;</strong></a> which was published in The Hindu on 21/09/2020. It talks about the farmer&rsquo;s protest regarding three bills that pertain to agricultural marketing reforms in the parliament.</p>
</div>
<p>Recently, there have been strong protests from farmers, especially from the states of Punjab and Haryana, against three farm bills that seek to <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/agricultural-marketing-reforms" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>replace ordinances issued in june 2020.</strong></a></p>
<p>These bills envisage to bring change in some of the key aspects of the farm economy &mdash; <strong>trade in agricultural commodities, price assurance, farm services including contracts, and stock limits for essential commodities.</strong></p>
<p>These bills sought to bring much needed reforms in the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/agricultural-marketing-reforms" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>agricultural marketing system</strong></a> such as removing restrictions of private stock holding of agricultural produce or creating trading areas free of middlemen and take the market to the farmer.</p>
<p>However, farmers are apprehensive that the free market philosophy supported by these bills could undermine the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/minimum-support-price" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Minimum Support Price</strong></a> (MSP) system and make farmers vulnerable to market forces.</p>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Note :</strong></p>
<p>Three Farm Bills that are bond of contention:</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Farmers' Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Bill, 2020,</li>
<li>The Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement of Price Assurance and Farm Services Bill, 2020,</li>
<li>Essential Commodities (Amendment) Bill, 2020.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>Intended Benefits Associated with These Bills</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Bills aim to do away with government interference in agricultural trade by creating trading areas free of middlemen and government taxes outside the structure of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/agriculture-produce-to-agriculture-marketing" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Agricultural Produce Market Committees (APMCs).</strong></a><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It will allow farmers an option to sell their produce directly to these new zones, without going through the middlemen and paying levies such as mandi fees.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>It sought to remove stock holding limits as well as curbs on inter-State and intra-State trade, and create a framework for<strong><a href="/current-affairs-news-analysis-editorials/news-analysis/22-05-2020" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> contract farming.</a></strong></li>
<li>Also, these bills promote the creation of <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/farmer-producer-bodies-need-help" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Farmer Producer Organisations</a> </strong>(FPO) on a large scale and will help in creating a farmer-friendly environment for contract farming where small players can benefit.</li>
<li>These bills may enable private players to invest in warehousing, grading and other marketing infrastructure.</li>
<li>A combined effect of these bills will help in creating a<strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/mandis-under-e-nam-increased#:~:text=The%20National%20Agricultural%20Market%20(e,for%20agricultural%20commodities%20in%20India." target="_blank" rel="noopener"> &lsquo;One Nation, One Market&rsquo;</a> for agricultural produce.</strong></li>
</ul>
<h3>Issues Raised by The Farmers &amp; Opposition</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Federal Angle:</strong> The provisions in the Farmers&rsquo; Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Bill, 2020, provides for unfettered commerce in designated trade areas outside APMC jurisdictions.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Apart from this, the bill empowers the Centre government to issue orders to States in furtherance of the law&rsquo;s objectives.</li>
<li>However, matters of trade and agriculture being the part of subjects on the State list, have caused resentment in States.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Lack of Consultation:</strong> First the ordinance route and now the hastily attempt to pass the Bills without proper consultation adds to the mistrust among various stakeholders including farmers.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Also, by allowing &lsquo;trade zones&rsquo; to come up outside the APMC area, farmers have become apprehensive that the new system would lead to eventual exit from the minimum support price.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Absence of any regulation in non-APMC mandis:</strong> Another issue that is raised by the farmers is that the proposed bills give the preference for corporate interests at the cost of farmers&rsquo; interests.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>In absence of any regulation in non-APMC mandis, the farmers may find it difficult to deal with Corporates, as they solely operate on the motive of profit seeking.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Non-Favourable Market Conditions:</strong> While retail prices have remained high, data from the <a href="/pdf/inflation-in-india.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Wholesale Price Index (WPI)</strong></a> suggest a deceleration in farm gate prices for most agricultural produce. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>With rising input costs, farmers do not see the free market based framework providing them remunerative prices.</li>
<li>These fears gain strength with the experience of States such as Bihar which abolished APMCs in 2006. After the abolition of mandis, farmers in Bihar on average received lower prices compared to the MSP for most crops.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Way Forward</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Improve Agricultural Infrastructure to Strengthen Competition:</strong> Government should massively fund the expansion of the APMC market system, make efforts to remove trade cartels, and provide farmers good roads, logistics of scale and real time information.</li>
<li><strong>Empowering State Farmers Commissions:</strong> Rather than opting for heavy centralisation, the emphasis should be on empowering farmers through State Farmers Commissions recommended by the <a href="/to-the-points/Paper2/year-end-review-2019-ministry-of-agriculture-farmers-welfare" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>National Commission for Farmers</strong></a>, to bring about a speedy government response to issues.</li>
<li><strong>Consensus Building:</strong> The Centre should reach out to those opposing the Bills, including farmers, explain to them the need for reform, and get them on board.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Conclusion</h3>
<p>Without strong institutional arrangements, the free market may harm lakhs of unorganised small farmers, who have been remarkably productive and shored up the economy even during a pandemic.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1600683446_image%200.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1600683446_image 0.jpg" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="700" caption="false" /></a></p>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 100%; border-style: dotted; border-color: #ff0000; background-color: #f6fade;">
<p><span style="color: #000080;"><em><strong>Drishti Mains Question</strong></em></span></p>
<p>&ldquo;There is a need for strong institutional arrangements before unleashing the laissez-faire policy in Indian agriculture&rdquo;. Discuss.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p></p>',
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	(int) 5 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 6521,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'World Bamboo Day',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/greening-india-by-planting-bamboo" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>World Bamboo Day</strong></a> is celebrated every year on 18<sup>th</sup> September.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Theme of 2020: <strong>Bamboo Now</strong></li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>World Bamboo Day :</strong> It was officially established by the <strong>World Bamboo organization</strong> at the<strong> 8<sup>th</sup> World Bamboo Congress</strong> held in Bangkok in 2009.</li>
<li><strong>World Bamboo Organization :</strong> It was set up at the <strong>1992 International Bamboo Congress in Japan.</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is an international coordinating body for bamboo practitioners dedicated to promoting the use of bamboo and bamboo products for the sake of the environment and economy.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Properties of Bamboo</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Versatile Uses:</strong> Bamboo can be used in 1,500 different ways including as food, a substitute for wood, building and construction material, for handicrafts and paper. Due to its versatile nature and multiple uses, it is also called<strong> &lsquo;poor man&rsquo;s timber&rsquo;.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Environmental Benefits:</strong> It can be planted to <strong>reclaim severely degraded sites and wastelands.</strong> It is a good<strong> soil binder</strong> owing to its peculiar clump formation and fibrous root system and hence also plays an important role in soil and water conservation.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It is the fastest growing canopy, <strong>releasing 35% more oxygen than trees</strong> and can sequester 12 tonnes of carbon dioxide from per hectare.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Use in Covid-19 :</strong> Bamboo has been a key ingredient in new antimicrobial soaps and hand mists developed by scientists from the Philippines to fight the novel <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/covid-19-and-india-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>coronavirus.</strong></a></li>
<li><strong>Nutraceutical Bamboo Shoot:</strong> Bamboo shoots have nutraceutical properties, according to experts. <a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1600498104_image1.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1600498104_image1.jpg" style="float: right;" width="200" caption="false" /></a><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The term &lsquo;nutraceutical&rsquo; is used to describe <strong>medicinally or nutritionally functional foods.</strong></li>
<li>Bamboo shoots or bamboo sprouts are the edible newly sprouted canes of bamboo that form just under the soil and have a firm, crisp texture.</li>
<li>Bamboo shoots are emerging as <strong>high-value and safe edibles</strong> and are also among the<strong> cheapest immunity boosters</strong> for increasing the human body&rsquo;s resistance to viral attacks.</li>
<li>The<strong> protein</strong> content in fresh bamboo shoots can range between 1.49-4.04%. They also contain<strong> 17 amino acids,</strong> eight of which are essential for the human body.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Global Market:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The present global market of bamboo shoots is around <strong>1,700 million USD.</strong></li>
<li>More than <strong>3 million tonnes</strong> of bamboo shoots are consumed across the earth annually.</li>
<li>According to the <strong>International Network for Bamboo and Rattan (INBAR),</strong> China exports 68% of the world&rsquo;s bamboo and rattan (a type of Palm Fibre) products valued at 1,112 million USD. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>INBAR is a multilateral development organisation, founded in 1997 which promotes environmentally sustainable development using bamboo and rattan.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Indian Scenario:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>According to the <strong>National Bamboo Mission,</strong> India has the highest area (13.96 million hectares) under bamboo.</li>
<li>It is the <strong>second richest country after China</strong> in terms of bamboo diversity with 136 species.</li>
<li>The annual production of bamboo in India is <strong>14.6 million tonnes</strong> and the bamboo-rattan industry in the country was worth Rs. 28,005 crore in 2017.</li>
<li>Bamboo shoot production and consumption in India are <strong>confined mostly to the north-eastern States.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Initiatives to Promote Bamboo</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Bamboo Clusters:</strong> Recently, the Union Minister for Agriculture and Farmers&rsquo; Welfare has virtually inaugurated 22 <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/launch-of-bamboo-clusters" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>bamboo clusters</strong></a> in 9 states viz. Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Assam, Nagaland, Tripura, Uttarakhand and Karnataka.</li>
<li><strong>MSP Hike:</strong> Recently, the Central government has revised the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/msp-hiked-for-minor-forest-produce" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Minimum Support Price (MSP) for Minor Forest Produce (MFP).</strong></a><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>MFP includes all non-timber forest produce of plant origin and includes bamboo, canes, fodder, leaves, waxes, resins and many forms of food including nuts, wild fruits, lac, tusser etc.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>National Bamboo Mission:</strong> The restructured NBM was <strong>launched in 2018-19</strong> for the holistic development of the complete value chain of the bamboo sector and is being implemented in a<strong> hub (industry) and spoke model.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It supports local artisans through locally grown bamboo species, which will actualise the goal of <a href="/current-affairs-news-analysis-editorials/news-editorials/09-06-2020#:~:text=Promoting%20Local%3A%20Being%20vocal%20for,Glocal%E2%80%9D%20India%20will%20be%20possible." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Vocal for Local</strong></a> and help increase the income of farmers, reducing dependency on imports of raw material.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Removal of Bamboo from &lsquo;Tree&rsquo; Category:</strong> The <a href="/to-the-points/Paper2/indian-forest-act-1927#:~:text=The%20Indian%20Forest%20Act%2C1927,and%20duty%20leviable%20forest%20produce.&amp;text=This%20act%20has%20details%20of,the%20provisions%20of%20the%20Act." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Indian Forest Act 1927</strong></a> was <strong>amended in 2017 to remove bamboo for the category of trees.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>As a result, anyone can undertake cultivation and business in bamboo and its products without the need of a felling and transit permission.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Farmer Producer Organisations </strong>(FPOs)<strong>:</strong> <strong>10,000 new <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/farmer-producer-bodies-need-help" target="_blank" rel="noopener">FPOs</a> will be formed in 5 years.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>FPOs engage in providing a range of assistance to farmers like <strong>imparting better farm practices, collectivisation of input purchases, transportation, linkage with markets, and better price realisation</strong> as they do away with the intermediaries.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Way Forward</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>India needs to promote Bamboo Shoots as a<strong> super-food.</strong> It will help in alleviation of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/malnutrition-in-india-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>malnutrition</strong></a> and hunger.</li>
<li><strong>Value-addition in Bamboo shoots</strong> which enhances storage and diversification in new-age food products like vegetable protein concentrates can enhance its market potential and consumer acceptability.</li>
<li>States need to take forward the objectives of the National Bamboo Mission which would contribute to the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/atma-nirbhar-bharat-abhiyan-challenges" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Aatmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan</strong></a> through Aatmanirbhar Krishi (self-reliant farming).</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/bamboo-shoots-can-be-among-cheapest-immunity-boosters/article32644025.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 6440,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/states-share-in-pmmsy-and-fme" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana</strong> </a>(PMMSY) has been digitally launched.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Several other initiatives in the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/world-fisheries-day" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>fisheries</strong></a> and <a href="/to-the-points/paper3/animal-rearing#:~:text=Animal%20rearing%20is%20considered%20an,55%25%20of%20the%20rural%20population.&amp;text=Therefore%2C%20it%20has%20a%20big,and%20income%20in%20rural%20areas." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>animal husbandry</strong></a> sectors have also been launched on the occasion.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>PMMSY is a <strong>flagship scheme for focused and sustainable development of the fisheries</strong> sector in the country as a part of the<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/atmanirbhar-bharat-and-economic-stimulus" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Aatmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan.</strong></a></li>
<li><strong>It aims to:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Adopt &lsquo;Cluster or Area-based Approaches&rsquo;</strong> and <strong>create fisheries clusters</strong> through backward and forward linkages.</li>
<li><strong>Focus especially on employment generation</strong> activities such as seaweed and ornamental fish cultivation.</li>
<li><strong>Address critical gaps in fish production and productivity,</strong> quality, technology, post-harvest infrastructure and management, modernisation and strengthening of the value chain, traceability, establishing a robust fisheries management framework and fishers&rsquo; welfare.</li>
<li><strong>Consolidate the achievements of the <a href="/loksabha-rajyasabha-discussions/in-depth-blue-revolution" target="_blank" rel="noopener">blue revolution</a></strong> and <strong>bring new interventions</strong> such as fishing vessel insurance, support for new/up-gradation of fishing vessels/boats, integrated aqua parks, e-trading/marketing, etc.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Targets:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Enhance fish production</strong> by an additional 70 lakh tonne and increase fisheries export earnings to Rs.1,00,000 crore by 2024-25.</li>
<li><strong>Double the incomes</strong> of fishers and fish farmers.</li>
<li><strong>Reduce post-harvest losses</strong> from 20-25% to about 10%.</li>
<li><strong>Generate</strong> an additional 55 lakhs direct and indirect gainful <strong>employment opportunities</strong> in the fisheries sector and allied activities.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Budget and Time Period:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>An estimated investment of<strong> Rs. 20,050 crore for a period of 5 years from financial year (FY) 2020-21 to FY 2024-25</strong> in all States/Union Territories.</li>
<li>This investment is the <strong>highest ever in the fisheries</strong> sector yet.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Implementation:</strong> It will be implemented as an <strong>umbrella scheme with two separate components namely:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/proposal-to-hike-monthly-pensions" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Central Sector Scheme</strong></a>: The project cost will be borne by the Central government.</li>
<li><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/reforming-centrally-sponsored-scheme" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Centrally Sponsored Scheme</strong></a>: All the sub-components/activities will be implemented by the States/UTs and the cost will be shared between Centre and State.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Other Inaugurations Related to Animal Husbandry</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>e-Gopala App:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is a <strong>comprehensive breed improvement marketplace and information portal</strong> for direct use of farmers.</li>
<li>It will <strong>provide solutions on the aspects of:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Managing livestock including buying and selling of disease-free germplasm in all forms (semen, embryos, etc.).</li>
<li>Availability of quality breeding services (Artificial Insemination, veterinary first aid, vaccination, treatment, etc.).</li>
<li>Guiding farmers for animal nutrition and treatment of animals using appropriate ayurvedic medicine/ethnoveterinary medicine.</li>
<li>Providing a mechanism to send alerts and inform farmers about various government schemes and campaigns in the area.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Semen Station:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The <strong>state of the art facility</strong> has been established under <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/rashtriya-gokul-mission" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Rashtriya Gokul Mission</strong></a> in Purnea, Bihar with an investment of Rs. 84.27 crores.</li>
<li>It is <strong>one of the largest semen stations</strong> in the government sector with a production capacity of 50 lakh semen doses per annum.</li>
<li>It will give a<strong> new dimension to development and conservation of indigenous breeds</strong> of Bihar and<strong> meet the demand of semen doses</strong> of eastern and northeastern States.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>In vitro fertilization (IVF) Laboratories:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Various IVF laboratories are being set up across the country through a<strong> 100% grant in aid.</strong></li>
<li>These labs are <strong>crucial for propagating elite animals of indigenous breeds and thereby enhancing milk production</strong> and productivity manifold.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Use of Sex-sorted Semen in Artificial Insemination:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Through this method,<strong> only female calves can be produced</strong> (with more than 90% accuracy) which will help double the growth rate of milk production in the country.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Demonstration of IVF Technology at Farmer's Doorstep:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It will propagate the technology for <strong>multiplication of high yielding animals at a faster rate</strong> as through the use of technology, a female cattle can give birth to 20 calves in a year.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1652573" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 6427,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Launch of Bamboo Clusters',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the Union Minister for Agriculture and Farmers&rsquo; Welfare has <strong>virtually inaugurated 22 <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/greening-india-by-planting-bamboo" target="_blank" rel="noopener">bamboo</a> clusters in 9 states</strong> viz. Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Assam, Nagaland, Tripura, Uttarakhand and Karnataka.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>A <strong>logo for the National Bamboo Mission</strong> (NBM) has also been released.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Initiatives to Promote Bamboo:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Use of bamboo has been an ancient tradition in India and it is now being <strong>supported with modern technology</strong> and the <strong>youth is being provided with training</strong> for the bamboo industry.</li>
<li>The <a href="/to-the-points/Paper2/indian-forest-act-1927#:~:text=The%20Indian%20Forest%20Act%2C1927,and%20duty%20leviable%20forest%20produce.&amp;text=This%20act%20has%20details%20of,the%20provisions%20of%20the%20Act." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Indian Forest Act 1927</strong></a> was <strong>amended in 2017 to remove bamboo for the category of trees.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>As a result, anyone can undertake cultivation and business in bamboo and its products without the need of a felling and transit permission.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Import policy has also been modified</strong> to ensure the progress of the bamboo industry in the country.</li>
<li>NBM <strong>supports local artisans through locally grown bamboo species,</strong> which will <strong>actualise the goal of <a href="/current-affairs-news-analysis-editorials/news-editorials/09-06-2020#:~:text=Promoting%20Local%3A%20Being%20vocal%20for,Glocal%E2%80%9D%20India%20will%20be%20possible." target="_blank" rel="noopener">Vocal for Local</a></strong> and help <strong>increase the income</strong> of farmers, reducing dependency on imports of raw material.</li>
<li><strong>10 most important species</strong> which are required by industry have been <strong>identified </strong>and<strong> quality planting material is being made available</strong> to farmers for plantations.</li>
<li>Apart from the existing <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/farmer-producer-bodies-need-help" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Farmer Producer Organisations</strong></a> (FPOs), <strong>10,000 new FPOs will be formed in 5 years.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Well-organized FPOs engage in providing a range of assistance to farmers like <strong>imparting better farm practices, collectivisation of input purchases, transportation, linkage with markets, and better price realisation</strong> as they do away with the intermediaries.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Common Facility Centres are being set up</strong> close to the plantations which will reduce the cost of transportation and increase local entrepreneurship, moving to a zero-waste approach.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>National Bamboo Mission:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The restructured NBM was <strong>launched in 2018-19</strong> for the holistic development of the complete value chain of the bamboo sector and is being implemented in a<strong> hub (industry) and spoke model.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Objective:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Connecting farmers to markets so as to enable farmer producers to get a ready market for the bamboo grown and to increase the supply of appropriate raw material to the domestic industry.</li>
<li>It also <strong>endeavours to upgrade skills of traditional bamboo craftsmen</strong> as per the requirement of contemporary markets with a tie-up with enterprises and premier institutes.</li>
<li>The <strong>Sector Skill Councils</strong> established under the <strong>National Skill Development Agency</strong> (NSDA) will impart skills and recognition of prior learning to traditional artisans, encouraging the youth to carry forward their family traditions.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>NSDA is an<strong> autonomous body under the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship</strong> that anchors the National Skill Qualifications Framework and allied quality assurance mechanisms for synergizing skill initiatives in the country.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>New Logo:<a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1599640325_image3.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1599640325_image3.png" style="float: right;" caption="false" width="145" height="145" /></a></strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It portrays a bamboo culm in the centre of a circle composed of half an industrial wheel and half farmers, depicting the objectives of NBM appropriately.</li>
<li>The green and yellow colour of the logo symbolise <strong>bamboo often termed as green gold.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Way Forward</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>States need to take forward the objectives of the National Bamboo Mission which would contribute to the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/atma-nirbhar-bharat-abhiyan-challenges" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Aatmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan</strong></a> through an &ldquo;Aatmanirbhar Krishi (self-reliant farming)&rdquo;.</li>
<li>With the abundance of bamboo and its rapidly growing industry, India should aim to establish herself in global markets for both engineered and handcrafted products by increasing the exports even further.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1652315" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 8 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 6282,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Agri Profits and Farmers’ Income',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>A detailed analysis of 25 key field and horticultural crops done by the<strong><a href="/to-the-points/paper3/credit-ratings-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> rating agency</a> Crisil</strong> has indicated that<strong> per hectare profitability will improve 3-5% year-on-year to Rs. 10,0000</strong> in the <strong><a href="/to-the-points/paper3/cropping-patterns-and-major-crops-of-india-part-one" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Kharif</a> (Summer Crop) Season 2020.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>However, economists say that individual farmers are unlikely to see any hike in their own income.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Profits are Expected in the Agriculture Sector:</strong> Agriculture is one of the few bright spots in an economy ravaged by Covid-19, with good rains expected to boost production and profits, especially in the paddy crop.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>To support farmers in effectively undertaking the post-harvest rabi produce and preparatory work for kharif crops, <strong>Rs. 30,000 crore additional emergency working capital fund through <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-national-institutions/national-bank-for-agriculture-and-rural-development-nabard" target="_blank" rel="noopener">NABARD</a></strong> and<strong> Rs. 2 lakh crore of concessional credit</strong> have been provided by the government.</li>
<li>The agriculture sector showed<strong> growth of 5.9% in the last quarter of 2019-2020.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Impact on the Farmers&rsquo; Income:</strong> Some economists have opined that despite a hike in overall profits, <strong>per capita (per farmer) income may see a dip.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Reverse migration due to <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/coronavirus-disease-named-covid-19" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Covid-19</a></strong> may have resulted in the number of people employed in the agriculture sector this summer rising by up to 16% over farm employment in 2019.</li>
<li>As per the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/jobs-data-cmie" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>data from the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE)</strong></a>, the farm sector gained 14.9 million jobs in the April-July 2020 period.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Possible Reasons Behind Reduced Income of Farmers:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Reverse Migration:</strong> Because of the Covid lockdown, large numbers of people have gone back to rural areas, and apart from <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/completion-of-annual-mgnrega-work-limit" target="_blank" rel="noopener">MGNREGA</a></strong> and agriculture, there is not any significant work.</li>
<li><strong>Agriculture as an Employment Option:</strong> In general, people just migrate out of farming, mostly voluntarily, in search for better paying employment. But, people who can, do migrate into farming when they lose non-farming jobs.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>CMIE data shows that 111.3 million people declared their occupation as farming in 2019-20. By March 2020, this had increased to 117 million, shooting up to 130 million in June.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Demand for Labour:</strong> Till the sowing season ends in August, there will remain demand for farm labour.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>This means, even if there is an increase in farm profits, it will not help in reviving rural demand, as too many people are dependent on farm income this year.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Rise in Covid-19 cases in Rural India:</strong> There could be an adverse impact on harvesting and supply chains.</li>
<li><strong>Decrease in the Prices of the Produce:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Whether growth in agricultural output also implies growth in the income of farmers depends on a lot of things. Most importantly, it depends on the prices received by farmers for the produce that they sell.</li>
<li>While<strong> cereal prices</strong> continue to show <strong>positive inflation,</strong> most other food groups, such as<strong> fruits and vegetables, eggs, poultry and fish,</strong> continue to see <strong>prices decline.</strong></li>
<li>Further, with<strong> input prices also rising,</strong> most small and marginal farmers are likely to witness a decline in incomes rather than an increase.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Steps Taken by the Government:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/agricultural-sector-reforms" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> three ordinances</strong></a> introduced under the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/atmanirbhar-bharat-and-economic-stimulus" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Atmanirbhar Bharat scheme</strong> </a>in May 2020 - Farmers&rsquo; Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Ordinance, Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm Services Ordinance and the Essential Commodities (Amendment) Ordinance - will give the farmers the benefit of &lsquo;my crop, my right&rsquo; and help them gain higher prices for their produce.</li>
<li>Launch of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/agriculture-infrastructure-fund" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Agriculture Infrastructure Fund</strong> </a><strong>of Rs.1 lakh crore</strong> by the Prime Minister for setting up cold chains, refrigerated transportation, etc. will help farmers command better prices. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>These structural reforms will go a long way in reviving India&rsquo;s rural ecosystem.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Way Forward</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Initiatives undertaken by MNCs such as <strong>&lsquo;e-choupal&rsquo; by ITC Limited</strong> which enables rural India with technical know-how for an effective agri ecosystem and facilitates transparent mechanism for price discovery should be encouraged.</li>
<li>Government should consolidate and leverage the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/pradhan-mantri-kisan-maan-dhan-yojana-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>CSC (Common Service Center)</strong></a> pan India network. It should also focus on promoting cottage industries, provide better amenities in terms of health care, education, road network, communication and power so that the rural population can also be in a position to access quality life on par with the urban sector. This will also lessen migration towards cities in search of job opportunities.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/business/agri-profit-growth-may-not-aid-rural-demand/article32432215.ece#:~:text=However%2C%20economists%20said%20individual%20farmers,hike%20in%20their%20own%20income.&amp;text=%E2%80%9CThis%20means%2C%20even%20if%20there,on%20farm%20income%20this%20year." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 9 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 6137,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Food System Vision 2050 Prize: Rockefeller Foundation',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The <strong>Rockefeller Foundation has selected Naandi Foundation</strong> (a Hyderabad based non-profit organisation), as one of the<strong> top 10 &lsquo;Visionaries&rsquo;</strong> in the world for the <strong>Food System Vision 2050 Prize.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Naandi was recognised for its<strong> Arakunomics model.</strong></li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>The Food System Vision Prize:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It was launched by the<strong> USA-based &lsquo;The Rockefeller Foundation&rsquo;,</strong> in partnership with the other two organisations - SecondMuse and OpenIDEO- in 2019.</li>
<li>It is an invitation for organizations across the globe to <strong>develop a Vision of the regenerative and nourishing <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/food-systems" target="_blank" rel="noopener">food system</a> that they aspire to create by the year 2050.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Food System Vision</strong> is a story about the future that addresses the<strong> following six interconnected themes:</strong> Environment, Diets, Economics, Culture, Technology and Policy.</li>
<li>The notion is that by transforming food systems, following <strong>challenges can be addressed:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>A global population approaching 10 billion,</li>
<li>Greenhouse gasses changing the climate,</li>
<li>Pollution poisoning soil, air, and water.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>USD 2 million will be distributed to the Top Visionaries,</strong> who will be eligible to receive a prize of <strong>USD 2,00,000 each.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Naandi Foundation (Arakunomics):</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The organisation was recognised for the application of <strong>Arakunomics</strong> model in regions of <strong>Araku</strong> (Andhra Pradesh), <strong>Wardha</strong> (Maharashtra) and<strong> New Delhi,</strong> leading to the Food Vision 2050 that follows an <strong>&ldquo;ABCDEFGH&rdquo;</strong> framework centring on: <strong>A</strong>griculture, <strong>B</strong>iology, <strong>C</strong>ompost, <strong>D</strong>ecentralised decision-making, <strong>E</strong>ntrepreneurs, <strong>F</strong>amilies, <strong>G</strong>lobal Markets, and <strong>&lsquo;H</strong>eadstands (implying innovation)&rsquo;.</li>
<li>Arakunomics is a new integrated<strong> economic model</strong> that ensures profits for farmers, quality for consumers through <strong>regenerative agriculture.</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It is based on work with tribal farmers in Araku for nearly 20 years.</li>
<li>This economic model is a tribute to the tribal farmers of Araku region for the world class coffee produced and launched in Paris in 2017, as well as for the high carbon landscape transformation they did in over 955 villages, thereby planting 25 million trees.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Arakunomics success in Araku led to Naandi replicating the model to support the livelihoods of farming communities in the villages of <strong>Wardha &ndash; infamous for agrarian distress,</strong> as well as later in <strong>New Delhi,</strong> as part of an <strong>Urban Farms Co programme.</strong></li>
<li>Naandi hopes to expand its &ldquo;food-print&rdquo; by creating thousands of farm livelihoods by transforming their agriculture over one million acres spread across India.</li>
<li>Rockefeller Foundation will release USD 1,50,000 at present and the balance USD 50,000 after a three-month accelerator programme that is intended to help Naandi realise its vision.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Regenerative Agriculture</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>&ldquo;Regenerative Agriculture&rdquo; describes farming and grazing practices that, among other benefits,<strong> reverse climate change</strong> by rebuilding soil organic matter and restoring degraded soil biodiversity &ndash; resulting in both carbon drawdown and improving the water cycle.</li>
<li>The key to regenerative agriculture is that it <strong>not only &ldquo;does no harm&rdquo; to the land but actually improves it,</strong> using technologies that regenerate and revitalize the soil and the environment.</li>
<li>Regenerative agriculture leads to healthy soil, capable of producing high quality, nutrient dense food while simultaneously improving, rather than degrading land, and ultimately leading to productive farms and healthy communities and economies.</li>
<li>It is dynamic and holistic, incorporating<strong> permaculture</strong> (sustainable and self-sufficient agricultural ecosystems) and <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/organic-food-regulatory-system-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>organic farming practices</strong></a>, including conservation tillage, cover crops, crop rotation, composting, mobile animal shelters and pasture cropping, to increase food production, farmers&rsquo; income and especially, topsoil.</li>
<li>It has been promoted <strong>to counter loss of the world&rsquo;s fertile soil and biodiversity,</strong> along with the loss of indigenous seeds and knowledge.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/food-vision-2050-prize-for-naandi-foundation/article32298507.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 10 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 6135,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'First Kisan Rail',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The<strong> Indian Railways</strong> has introduced the first “Kisan Rail” from<strong> Devlali (Maharashtra) to Danapur (Bihar).</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Centre had announced plans of starting special parcel trains called ‘Kisan Rail’ in the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/union-budget-2020-21-social-sector-and-infrastructure" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Budget 2020-21.</strong></a></li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Kisan Rails are the <strong>first ever multi commodity trains.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Earlier, Indian Railways had run single commodity special trains like Banana Specials etc. </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>These trains with <strong>refrigerated coaches</strong> will help in bringing<strong> perishable agricultural products</strong> like vegetables, fruits <strong>to the market in a short period of time.</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>These will ensure that <strong>agro products reach from one corner to another corner</strong> of the country.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>These trains are a step towards realising the goal of <a href="/to-the-points/paper3/doubling-farmers-income-a-promise-to-be-fulfilled-by-2022" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>doubling farmers’ incomes by 2022.</strong> </a><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>These are expected to be a great help to the farmers, as <strong>freight of these trains will be charged as per parcel tariff of normal trains.</strong></li>
<li>The <strong>Devlai-Danapur train (a weekly service)</strong> is expected to<strong> reduce transportation costs by Rs. 1000 per tonne</strong> compared with roadways and reduce<strong> travel time by around 15 hours.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Aggressive marketing</strong> is being done with local farmers, loaders, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/agriculture-produce-to-agriculture-marketing" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Agriculture Produce Market Committee (APMC)</strong></a> and individuals. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Any <strong>farmer or any other interested party can directly book their consignments</strong> in trains, <strong>without any lower limit</strong> on the size of consignment. </li>
<li>The consignment can be<strong> as small as 50-100 kgs,</strong> and can be booked from any stopping station to any other stopping station – giving full flexibility. </li>
<li>Regarding loss/damage of products for any reason, Railways already have a well-established <strong>claim/compensation system</strong> – through which the party can get compensation for its losses.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1644077" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 6111,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Pokkali Rice: Kerala',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p><strong>Farmers in West Bengal are experimenting with the pokkali variety of rice</strong> to tide over a crisis-like situation created by <strong>severe seawater incursion into paddy fields</strong> in the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/bon-bibi-sundarban" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Sundarbans</strong></a> (owing to <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/cyclone-amphan" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Cyclone Amphan</strong></a>).</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Vyttila-11 varieties of pokkali seedlings</strong> were brought from<strong> Kerala.</strong></li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The pokkali variety of rice is <strong>known for its saltwater resistance</strong> and flourishes in the rice paddies of coastal <strong>Alappuzha, Ernakulam and Thrissur districts of Kerala.</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The <strong>single-season paddy</strong> is raised in saltwater fields between June and November followed by a season of fish-farming.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The uniqueness of the rice has brought it the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/potential-of-gis-is-waiting-to-be-tapped" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Geographical Indication (GI) tag</strong></a> and is the subject of continuing research.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Several foreign research institutes, including the<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/golden-rice-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> International Rice Research Institute in the Philippines</strong></a>, have been studying pokkali&rsquo;s gene pools and have identified a portion of DNA on one of its chromosomes that is crucial for salt tolerance.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Given its ability to thrive under harsh climatic conditions and produce high yield, it can help in promoting <strong>climate-resilient agriculture.</strong></li>
<li>Pokkali has<strong> medicinal properties</strong> and its <strong>higher value of antioxidants</strong> and <strong>low carbohydrate content</strong> makes it preferable to those on a low sugar diet.</li>
<li><strong>Vyttila-11</strong> is the latest variety of pokkali developed by the <strong>Kerala Agricultural University.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It yields about <strong>5 tonnes per hectare.</strong></li>
<li>The crop duration is about <strong>110 days.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Other GI Tag Registered Varieties from Kerala:</strong> Kaipad, Wayanad Jeerakasala, Wayanad Gandhakasala, Palakkadan Matta and Navara.</li>
<li>Further, the <strong>Kuttanad below-sea level farming system</strong> has been recognised by the <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/united-nations-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO)</strong></a> as a <strong>Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System (GIAHS).</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is unique as it practices <strong>rice cultivation below sea level.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) was started by the FAO to safeguard and support the world's agricultural heritage systems.</li>
<li>GIAHS are outstanding landscapes of aesthetic beauty that combine agricultural biodiversity, resilient ecosystems and a valuable cultural heritage.</li>
<li><strong>Three recognised GIAHS sites in India:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Pampore Saffron</strong> Heritage of <strong>Kashmir.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Koraput Traditional Agriculture</strong> of <strong>Odisha.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Kuttanad Below Sea Level</strong> Farming System of <strong>Kerala.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/pokkali-rice-seedlings-travel-from-kerala-to-the-sunderbans/article32278833.ece#:~:text=Two%20farmers%20in%20South%2024,West%20Bengal%20on%20May%2020." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 12 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 6088,
		'category_id' => (int) 22,
		'title' => 'PM-KISAN',
		'description' => '<div class="border">
<p>This article is based on <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/pm-kisan-farmer-scheme-lockdown-6536208/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>&lsquo;&lsquo;PM-KISAN is not reaching all farmer households as intended&rdquo;</strong></a> which was published in The Indian Express on 03/08/2020. It talks about the significance and challenges associated with PM-KISAN</p>
</div>
<p>The <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/one-year-of-pm-kisan" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN)</strong></a> is the first<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/universal-basic-income#:~:text=Idea%20behind%20the%20Universal%20Basic,It%20is%20universal%20in%20nature." target="_blank" rel="noopener"> universal basic income</a>-type of scheme targeted towards farmers. Initially, the scheme was targeted at small and medium farmers, but with the declining growth in gross value added of the agricultural sector, it was extended to all farmers in May 2019.</p>
<p>The scheme aims to provide income support to farmers for easing their liquidity needs to facilitate timely access to inputs.</p>
<p>Various studies show that the scheme has significantly helped those who are relatively more dependent on agriculture and have poor access to credit. Nearly, 93% of non-beneficiary farmers had already applied for the scheme, depicting awareness and potential uptake.</p>
<p>Though the scheme directly or indirectly helps over 50% of the workforce, still a lot needs to be done to realize the dream of doubling the farmer&rsquo;s income by 2022.</p>
<h3>Twin Factors Aiding Success of PM-KISAN</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Enabling Direct Transfers to Farmers:</strong> Direct benefit transfer is now possible, as banking infrastructure created through <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/important-facts-for-prelims-6th-september-2018" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY)</strong></a> plays a key role in the fund disbursal.</li>
<li><strong>Digitization of Records:</strong> State governments have digitised the complete database of farmers who were now registered in the system with their credentials.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The significant efforts made by the government machinery have revolutionized the welfare framework.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Advantages of PM-KISAN</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Easing Liquidity Constraints:</strong> India, more than half of the farming households do not have access to formal credit.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>In such a situation, PM-KISAN eases liquidity constraints of farmers for procuring inputs.</li>
<li>This is extremely pertinent in India, as more than 50% farmers rely on informal credit and one-fifth farmers purchase inputs on credit.</li>
<li>Producer support in India is very low compared to the other countries and the scheme will help in supplementing that.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Aiding Modernisation:</strong> While the scheme is pitched as a general cash transfer scheme for the farmers, its role in the adoption of modern technologies remains an important contributing factor in modernization of agriculture.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Moreover, the scheme has significantly stimulated the Krishi Vigyan Kendra's impact on the adoption of modern cultivars.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Turning Farmers Competitive:</strong> Cash transfer increases the net income of farmers and thus, in turn, may enhance farmers&rsquo; risks-taking capacity, leading to undertaking riskier but comparatively productive investments.</li>
<li><strong>Non-Discriminatory in Nature:</strong> There is no selection bias in choosing the PM-KISAN beneficiaries based on attributes like caste and land size.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Issues That Needs To Be Addressed</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Ad-hocism:</strong> Ad-hoc export and import policies, lack of infrastructure, and uncertainty in agricultural markets have adversely affected agricultural productivity and stability of farm incomes.</li>
<li><strong>Inadequate Support:</strong> The merit of cash transfers over loan waivers and subsidies lies in their potential greater efficiency in enabling poor households to directly purchase the required goods and services as well as enhance their market choices. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Given that India&rsquo;s poverty line is ₹32 per person per day in rural areas and ₹47 in urban areas, according to the <a href="/to-the-points/paper3/poverty-estimation-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Rangarajan Committee</strong></a>, the income support of ₹17 a day for a household, which is the amount offered by PM-KISAN, is largely insufficient for even bare minimum sustenance of vulnerable farmers.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Volatility of Markets:</strong> Due to the volatile market and price fluctuations in different regions, it is important to index the cash transfers to local inflation.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Also, the failure of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/rbi-advisory-on-direct-benefit-transfer" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Direct Benefit Transfer</strong></a> in kerosene in Rajasthan is a case in point, where the cash transferred to families has been insufficient to purchase kerosene, as the market price increased substantially.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Lack of Grievance Redressal Mechanism:</strong> The scheme does not provide a clear design of transfers and a framework for effective grievance redress. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>For example, in the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/mgnrega-and-migrant-crisis" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGA)</strong></a>, for instance, State governments still struggle to resolve complaints and curb corruption.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Way Forward</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Raising Economic Support:</strong> The impact of a welfare measure such as PM-KISAN can only be realised through financial support that provides farmers with adequate purchasing power to meet their daily basic necessities. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Therefore, to be effective, any cash transfer scheme should first ensure that there is enough cash provided to help bring an affected community out of poverty.</li>
<li>For instance, the <a href="http://drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/important-facts-for-prelims-13th-december-2018" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Rythu Bandhu</strong></a> in Telangana provides ₹4,000 per acre to each farmer in each season, and the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/odisha-governments-kalia-scheme" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Krushak Assistance for Livelihood and Income Augmentation scheme (KALIA)</strong></a> in Odisha offers a direct cash transfer of ₹5,000 for a farm family over five seasons, among other benefits.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Technology Choices for Farmers:</strong> It is realised that the adoption of technology for resolving liquidity issues is just one cog in the wheel. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Knowledge and extension support is also needed to bring about adoption.</li>
<li>Investing more in agricultural advisory services, the government can encourage farmers to invest some or all part of the income support in productive assets for achieving the multiplier effect of PM-KISAN.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Back-end Support:</strong> The scheme needs back-end infrastructure and institutions in place to be effective.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Adoption of modern technologies is one of the most promising strategies to increase farm incomes.</li>
<li>Also, an alternative bottom-up strategy and well-planned implementation mechanism should be identified and implemented at the local level.</li>
<li>The most effective modalities can then be scaled nationally and ensure success.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Conclusion</h3>
<p>A direct transfer scheme like PM-KISAN is a game-changer and can have significant effects if it is timely, not transaction cost heavy and is provided with complementary inputs such as extension services.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1596457787_image1.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1596457787_image1.jpg" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></a></p>
<table border="1" style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #0574a1; background-color: #d9f1fa;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 100%;"><em><strong><span style="color: #0574a1;">Drishti Mains Question</span><br /><br /></strong></em>PM-KISAN has the potential to break the cycle of intergenerational poverty and low income of farmers. Discuss.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
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		'article_id' => (int) 6075,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'High Level Group on Agricultural Exports : Finance Commission',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the<strong> High Level Group (HLEG) on Agricultural Exports</strong> set up by the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/j-k-and-15th-finance-commission" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Fifteenth Finance Commission</strong></a> has submitted its report to the Commission.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The HLEG was set up to recommend <strong>measurable performance incentives</strong> for states <strong>to encourage <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/agri-export-policy#:~:text=Keeping%20in%20mind%20the%20significant,a%20stable%20trade%20policy%20regime." target="_blank" rel="noopener">agricultural exports</a> and to promote crops to enable high import substitution.</strong></li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Finance Commission</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Finance Commission is a <strong>constitutional body,</strong> that determines the method and formula for distributing the tax proceeds between the Centre and states, and among the states as per the constitutional arrangement and present requirements.</li>
<li>Under<strong> Article 280</strong> of the Constitution, the President of India is required to constitute a Finance Commission at an interval of five years or earlier.</li>
<li>The 15<sup>th</sup> Finance Commission was constituted by the President of India in November 2017, under the <strong>chairmanship of NK Singh.</strong> Its recommendations will cover a period of five years from April 2020 to March 2025.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Recently, the Ministry of Finance has <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/grant-in-aid-for-rural-local-bodies" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>released a part of grants-in-aid as a part of the Tied Grant as recommended by the 15<sup>th</sup> Finance Commission (FC)</strong></a> for the Financial Year (FY) 2020-2021.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Purpose to Constitute HLEG:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>To <strong>assess export &amp; import substitution opportunities for Indian agricultural products</strong> (commodities, semi-processed, and processed) in the changing international trade scenario and suggest ways to <strong>step up exports sustainably and reduce import dependence.</strong></li>
<li>To recommend <strong>strategies and measures to increase farm productivity, enable higher value addition, ensure waste reduction, strengthen logistics infrastructure </strong>etc. related to Indian agriculture, to improve the sector's global competitiveness.</li>
<li>To<strong> identify the impediments for private sector investments along the agricultural value chain</strong> and suggest policy measures and reforms that would help attract the required investments.</li>
<li>To <strong>suggest appropriate performance-based incentives to the state governments</strong> for the period 2021-22 to 2025-26, to accelerate reforms in the agriculture sector as well as implement other policy measures in this regard.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Recommendations:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Crop Value Chains:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It emphasises to focus on 22 crop value chains with a <strong>demand driven approach.</strong></li>
<li>The demand driven approach refers to a development strategy where the people themselves are expected to take the initiative and the responsibility for improving supply situation rather than being passive recipients of the Government services.</li>
<li>It also suggests to solve <strong>Value Chain Clusters (VCC)</strong> holistically with focus on value addition.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>State-led Export Plan:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It is a business plan for a crop value chain cluster, that will lay out the opportunity, initiatives and investment required to meet the desired value chain export aspiration.</li>
<li>These plans will be <strong>action-oriented, time-bound and outcome-focused.</strong></li>
<li>Such plans should be <strong>collaboratively prepared</strong> with private sector players and Commodity Boards presenting <strong>participation of all stakeholders.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Participation of Private Sector:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The private sector players need to play a pivotal role in ensuring demand orientation and focus on value addition.</li>
<li>It also needs to ensure project plans are feasible, robust, implementable and appropriately funded; providing funds for technology based on business cases and for creating urgency and discipline for project implementation.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Central Government&rsquo;s Role:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The Central government should act as an enabler.</li>
<li>Thus, robust institutional mechanisms need to be enforced to fund and support implementation.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>India&rsquo;s Estimated Agricultural Export Potential:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>India&rsquo;s agricultural export has the potential to grow from USD 40 billion to USD 70 billion in a few years.</li>
<li>The estimated investment in agricultural export could be to the tune of USD 8-10 billion across inputs, infrastructure, processing and demand enablers.</li>
<li>Additional exports are likely to <strong>create an estimated 7-10 million jobs.</strong></li>
<li>It will also lead to <strong>higher farm productivity</strong> and farmer income.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1642591" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:PIB</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 14 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 5837,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Agriculture Infrastructure Fund',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the Union Cabinet has given approval to a pan India <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/reforming-centrally-sponsored-scheme" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>central sector scheme</strong> </a>i.e. <strong>Agriculture Infrastructure Fund,</strong> to inject formal credit into farm and farm-processing based activities.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It is a<strong> part of the over</strong> <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/economic-stimulus-i" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Rs. 20 lakh crore stimulus package</strong></a> announced in response to the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/covid-19-and-india-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Covid-19 crisis.</strong></a></li>
<li>The Union Cabinet has also approved amendment to the <a href="/current-affairs-news-analysis-editorials/news-editorials/14-03-2019" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Essential Commodities Act (ESA), 1955.</strong></a></li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Aim:</strong> To provide medium - long term <strong>debt financing facility</strong> for investment in viable projects for <strong>post-harvest management Infrastructure</strong> and<strong> community farming assets.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The funds will be provided for setting up of cold stores and chains, warehousing, silos, assaying, grading and packaging units, e-marketing points linked to e-trading platforms and ripening chambers, besides PPP projects for crop aggregation sponsored by central/state/local bodies.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Duration:</strong> Financial Year 2020 to 2029.</li>
<li><strong>Features:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Financial Support:</strong> Rs. 1<strong> Lakh Crore</strong> will be provided by banks and financial institutions as loans to Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS), Marketing Cooperative Societies, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/farmer-producer-bodies-need-help" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Farmer Producers Organizations (FPOs)</strong></a>, <a href="/to-the-points/Paper2/self-help-groups-shgs" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Self Help Group (SHG)</strong></a>, Farmers, Joint Liability Groups (JLG), <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/co-operative-banking-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Multipurpose Cooperative Societies</strong></a>, Agri-entrepreneurs and Central/State agencies or Local Bodies sponsored by <strong><a href="/to-the-points/paper3/ppp-investment-model#:~:text=Public%2Dprivate%20partnerships%20involve%20collaboration,%2C%20parks%2C%20and%20convention%20centers." target="_blank" rel="noopener">Public Private Partnership Projects.</a></strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Loans will be disbursed in <strong>four years</strong> starting with sanction of Rs. 10,000 crore in the current year and Rs. 30,000 crore each in next three financial years.</li>
<li>Moratorium for repayment may vary subject to minimum of 6 months and maximum of 2 years.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Interest Subvention:</strong> Loans will have<strong> interest subvention of 3% per annum</strong> up to a limit of Rs. 2 crore. This subvention will be available for a maximum period of seven years.</li>
<li><strong>CGTMSE Scheme:</strong> A <strong>credit guarantee coverage</strong> will be available for eligible borrowers from the scheme under <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/pmegp-and-cgtmse" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises (CGTMSE) scheme</strong> </a>for a loan up to Rs. 2 crore.</li>
<li><strong>Farmer Producer Organizations:</strong> In case of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/linking-farmers-with-futures-market" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>FPOs</strong> </a>the credit guarantee may be availed from the facility created under FPO promotion scheme.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Management:</strong> The fund will be managed and monitored through an online <strong>Management Information System (MIS)</strong> platform. It will enable all the qualified entities to apply for loan under the Fund.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The National, State and District level monitoring committees will be set up to ensure real-time monitoring and effective feed-back.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1637223" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 5617,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Small Farmers’ Agribusiness Consortium',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently the Union Minister of Agriculture &amp; Farmers&rsquo; Welfare highlighted the role of <strong>Small Farmers&rsquo; Agribusiness Consortium (SFAC)</strong> in increasing <strong>incomes of small and marginal farmers</strong> through aggregation and development of agribusiness.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Established:</strong> SFAC was established in <strong>1994 under Societies Registration Act, 1860</strong> as an autonomous body promoted by the Ministry of Agriculture &amp; Farmers' Welfare.</li>
<li><strong>Objectives:</strong> Promoting agribusiness by encouraging institutional and private sector investments and linkages to ensure the empowerment of all farmers in the country.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Organising small and marginal farmers as Farmer Interest Groups, Farmer Producer Organisations and Farmer Producer Company for endowing them with bargaining power and economies of scale.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Few Important Schemes Implemented by SFAC:</strong> Equity Grant &amp; Credit Guarantee Fund (EGCGF) Scheme , Venture Capital Assistance (VCA) Scheme, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/farmer-producer-bodies-need-help" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Farmer Producer Organization (FPO)</strong></a> Scheme, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/new-features-added-to-e-nam" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>National Agriculture Market (NAM) Scheme</strong></a>, etc.</li>
<li><strong>Recent Initiatives/Developments:</strong> SFAC launched the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/kisan-rath-app" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Kisan Rath app</strong></a> with the help of officials of the Ministry of Agriculture which lessened the problem of transport of farm produce during lockdown.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It signed a <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/apeda-signs-mou-with-sfac" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Memorandum of Understanding (MoU)</strong></a> with the Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) to bring in better synergy in the agricultural activities.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Equity Grant &amp; Credit Guarantee Fund (EGCGF) Scheme</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Equity Grant Fund has been set up with the primary objectives of :<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Enhancing<strong> viability and sustainability, credit worthiness</strong> of Farmer Producer Companies (FPCs),</li>
<li>Enhancing the shareholding of members to increase their ownership and participation in their FPCs.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>The Credit Guarantee Fund Scheme</strong> provides a Credit Guarantee Cover to the Eligible Lending Institution (ELI) to enable them to provide collateral free credit to FPCs.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Venture Capital Assistance</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Venture Capital Assistance is financial support in the form of an <strong>interest free loan</strong> provided by SFAC to meet the shortfall in the capital requirement for implementation of the project.</li>
</ul>
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		'article_id' => (int) 5531,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Agricultural Sector Reforms',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the Cabinet has approved a proposal to promulgate three separate ordinances <strong>to push agriculture marketing and commodities trade reforms</strong> in the country.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>These reforms are part of the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/economic-stimulus-iii" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>third tranche of the economic package</strong></a> announced under <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/atmanirbhar-bharat-and-economic-stimulus" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan</strong></a> to counter <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/coronavirus-disease-named-covid-19" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Covid-19 pandemic</a></strong>.</li>
<li>These ordinances are expected to give effect to the <strong>amendments proposed to the Essential Commodities Act</strong> and bring in two new Central laws on inter-state trading and engagement of the farmers with processors, exports, etc.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Amendments to Essential Commodities Act (1955)</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Background:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>India has become surplus in most agri-commodities but farmers have been <strong>unable to get better prices due to lack of investment</strong> in cold storage, processing and export.</li>
<li>The <strong>imposition of the curbs on stocking</strong> of farm produce and <strong>regulation of the prices of commodities,</strong> etc. under <a href="/current-affairs-news-analysis-editorials/news-editorials/14-03-2019" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Essential Commodities Act (ECA)</strong></a> are some of factors responsible for <strong>less entrepreneurial spirit</strong> and thus<strong> less investment</strong> in the farm sector.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Benefits of Amendments:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The amendment would<strong> deregulate the commodities</strong> such as cereals, edible oils, oilseeds, pulses, onions and potatoes. It will help to <strong>lessen the fears of private investors</strong> of <strong>excessive regulatory interference</strong> in their business operations.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Any<strong> limits under ECA</strong> over these commodities will be <strong>imposed only in exceptional circumstances</strong> such as war, famine, extraordinary price rise and natural calamity.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The<strong> freedom to produce, hold, move, distribute and supply</strong> will lead to harnessing economies of scale and attract private sector/foreign direct investment into the agriculture sector.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>It will help drive up investment in cold storages and modernization of the food supply chain.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Significance:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The announced amendment is expected to help both farmers and consumers while bringing in <strong>price stability.</strong></li>
<li>It will also create a <strong>competitive market environment</strong> and also prevent wastage of agri-produce that happens due to lack of storage facilities.</li>
<li>It is considered as a<strong> step towards transformation of agriculture and raising farmers&rsquo; income.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Farming Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Ordinance, 2020</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Background:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Currently, there are <strong>restrictions for farmers in selling agri-produce</strong> outside the notified<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/agriculture-produce-to-agriculture-marketing" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Agricultural Produce Market Committee (APMC)</strong></a>.</li>
<li>The farmers are also restricted to sell the produce <strong>only to registered licensees of the State Governments.</strong></li>
<li>Further, <strong>barriers exist in free flow of agriculture</strong> produce between various States owing to the prevalence of <strong>various APMC legislations</strong> enacted by the <strong>State Governments.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Benefits of Ordinance:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It will create an ecosystem where the farmers and traders would <strong>enjoy freedom of choice of sale and purchase of agri-produce.</strong></li>
<li>It will also promote <strong>barrier-free inter-state and intra-state trade and commerce</strong> outside the physical premises of markets notified under State agricultural produce marketing legislations.</li>
<li>The ordinance also proposes an <strong>electronic trading in transaction platform</strong> for ensuring a seamless trade electronically.</li>
<li>It also proposes to set up a <strong>separate dispute resolution mechanism</strong> for the farmers.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Significance:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It will open <strong>more choices for the farmer, reduce marketing</strong> costs for the farmers and help them in getting<strong> better prices.</strong></li>
<li>It will supplement the existing <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/minimum-support-price" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Minimum Support Price (MSP)</strong></a> procurement system and both will help to provide <strong>stable income to farmers.</strong></li>
<li>It will also help farmers of regions with surplus produce to get better prices and consumers of regions with shortages, lower prices.</li>
<li>It is expected to pave the way for creating<strong> One India, One Agriculture Market</strong> in the country.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm Services Ordinance, 2020</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Background:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Indian Agriculture is characterized by <strong>fragmentation due to small holding sizes</strong> and has certain weaknesses such as weather dependence, production uncertainties and market unpredictability.</li>
<li>It makes agriculture<strong> risky and inefficient</strong> in respect of both <strong>input &amp; output management.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Benefits of Ordinance:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It empowers<strong> farmers for engaging</strong> with processors, wholesalers, aggregators,wholesalers, large retailers, exporters etc.and thus<strong> eliminating intermediaries</strong> resulting in full realization of price. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Farmers have been provided adequate protection. Sale, lease or mortgage of farmers&rsquo; land is totally prohibited and farmers&rsquo; land is also protected against any recovery.</li>
<li>It also provides an <strong>effective dispute resolution mechanism</strong> for with clear timelines for redressal</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>It contains mechanisms which would <strong>transfer the risk of market unpredictability</strong> from the farmer to the sponsor.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Significance:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It also enables the farmer to<strong> access modern technology and better inputs.</strong> It will <strong>reduce the cost of marketing</strong> and improve income of farmers</li>
<li>It will help to<strong> attract private sector investment</strong> for building supply chains for supply of Indian farm produce to global markets. .</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Way Forward</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>These ordinances are expected <strong>to build necessary agrarian infrastructure</strong> in the country which are expected to resolve a number of issues of the agricultural sector.</li>
<li>It is considered as a visionary step towards <strong>transformation of agriculture and raising farmers&rsquo; income.</strong></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/cabinet-amends-essential-commodities-act-farmers-6440842/#:~:text=The%20Union%20Cabinet%20on%20Wednesday,aggregators%2C%20large%20retailers%2C%20exporters." target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: IE</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 17 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 5446,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Restriction on Paddy Cultivation',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the farmers from Haryana are protesting against the State Government&rsquo;s order under which farmers have to<strong> diversify at least 50% of their last-year cultivated <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/direct-seeding-of-rice" target="_blank" rel="noopener">paddy (rice)</a></strong> area by growing alternate crops.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Government&rsquo;s Action</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The restriction of cultivation is under the state government&rsquo;s <strong>crop diversification scheme &lsquo;Mera Pani, Meri Virasat&rsquo;</strong> for replacement of paddy by alternative crops in 1 lakh hectare.</li>
<li>According to the Government, the step is aimed at<strong> water conservation</strong> and <strong>crop diversification.</strong></li>
<li>Directed farmers to <strong>sow alternative crops</strong> such as maize, millet, and pulses.</li>
<li>Offered Rs. 7,000 per acre to farmers shifting the paddy fields to other alternative crops.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Farmer&rsquo;s Response/ Stand</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Farmers have started a <strong>&lsquo;Kisan Bachao-Kheti Bachao&rsquo;</strong> campaign against the government's decision under which they are demanding the<strong> freedom to decide what is to be sown in the field.</strong></li>
<li>Other options of agriculture are not much viable.</li>
<li>The soil and climate is not conducive for alternative crops in most parts of the block.</li>
<li>The compensation amount of Rs. 7000 offered by the government is inadequate.</li>
<li>It is not the time for experiments in the farming system when the country is battling with <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/covid-19-and-india-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Covid-19.</strong></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Mera Pani Meri Virasat Scheme</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Haryana government had recently launched &lsquo;Mera Pani Meri Virasat&rsquo; scheme, aimed at <strong>crop diversification</strong> to move away from water-guzzling paddy.</li>
<li>Under the scheme, farmers sowing alternative crops other than paddy during the ensuing kharif season will get an <strong>incentive of ₹7,000 per acre.</strong></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Crop Diversification</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Crop diversification</strong> refers to the addition of new crops or cropping systems to agricultural production on a particular farm.</li>
<li><strong>Benefits:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Farmers can grow several crops even in areas where the variability of rainfall is high and adequate sources of irrigation are not available.</li>
<li>Diversification helps in enhancing nitrogen in the soil and replenishing the soil fertility.</li>
<li>This helps to generate employment as the farmers get the opportunity to cultivate different crops.</li>
<li>Higher earnings of farmers transforms to greater inputs to the crops such as fertilizers, insecticides and irrigation equipment.</li>
<li>Enable farmers to gain access to national and international markets with new products, food and medicinal plants.</li>
<li>Diversification can also manage price risk, since not all products suffer low market prices at the same time and increase the profitability of the farming community.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>Way Forward</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>There is a need for a paradigm shift towards a better farming system which may include transition towards improving water use efficiency, reducing leakages, recharging/restoring local water bodies, etc.</li>
<li>However, It is more important to pay heed towards farmers&rsquo; concerns in the coronavirus crisis by providing better compensations and other farming related assistance, rather than restricting or forcing upon anything which may compromise their earning avenues.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/farmers-protest-restrictions-on-paddy-cultivation-in-haryana/article31674921.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:TH</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 18 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {

		'article_id' => (int) 5413,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'Odisha Promotes Contract Farming',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the Odisha government has promulgated an ordinance allowing investors and farmers to enter into an agreement for <strong>contract farming.</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The contract farming has been allowed in view of the continuing <strong>uncertainties</strong> due to the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/covid-19-and-india-s-preparedness" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Covid-19 pandemic</strong></a>.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Aim:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The ordinance aims to facilitate both farmers and sponsors to develop<strong> mutually beneficial and efficient</strong> contract farming systems.</li>
<li>It is also expected to improve the production and marketing of agricultural produce and livestock while promoting farmers&rsquo; interest.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Participants in the Contract Farming Agreement:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The agreement will be entered into between the contract farming sponsor (the one who offers to participate in any component) or entire value chain including pre production, and the contract farming producer (i.e. farmers who agree to produce the crop or rear the livestock).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Involved Loans and Advances:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The loans and advances given by the sponsor to the producer can be recovered from the sale proceeds of the produce.</li>
<li>It cannot be realised by way of sale or mortgage or lease of the land in respect of which the agreement has been entered into.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>No transfer of Land Rights:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It also states that notwithstanding anything contained in the agreement, no title, rights, ownership or possession of land or premises or other such property will be transferred or alienated or vest in the sponsor or its successor or its agent.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Contract Farming and Services Committee:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It also mentions the constitution of a <strong>&ldquo;Contract Farming and Services (Promotion and Facilitation) Committee&rdquo;</strong> to review the performance of the contract farming and to make suggestions to the government for its promotion and efficient performance.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Contract Farming</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Description:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Contract farming signifies an agricultural production (including livestock and poultry) based on a <strong>pre-harvest agreement</strong> between buyers (such as food processing units and exporters), and producers (farmers or farmer organisations).</li>
<li>The producer can sell the agricultural produce at a specific price in the future to the buyer as per the agreement.</li>
<li>Under contract farming, the <strong>producer</strong> can <strong>reduce the risk</strong> of fluctuating <strong>market price and demand.</strong> The <strong>buyer</strong> can reduce the<strong> risk of non-availability of quality produce.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Regulations:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>In India, contract farming is regulated under the<strong> Indian Contract Act, 1872.</strong></li>
<li>In addition, the Model APMC (Agricultural Produce Market Committee) Act, 2003 provides specific provisions for contract farming, like compulsory registration of contract farming sponsors and dispute settlement.</li>
<li>Since<strong> agriculture is a state list</strong> subject, therefore contract farming is <strong>not uniform.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-national-institutions/niti-aayog-national-institution-for-transforming-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>NITI Aayog</strong> </a>observed that market fees and other levies are paid to the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/agriculture-produce-to-agriculture-marketing" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>APMC</strong></a> for contract framing when no services such as market facilities and infrastructure are rendered by them.</li>
<li>Thus, it has been recommended that contract farming should be out of the ambit of APMCs. Instead, an <strong>independent regulatory authority</strong> must be brought in to disengage contract farming stakeholders from the existing APMCs.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Therefore, the Ministry of Agriculture came out with a<strong> draft Model Contract Farming Act, 2018.</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The draft Model Act seeks to create a regulatory and policy framework for contract farming. Based on this draft Model Act, legislatures of states can enact a law on contract farming.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Advantages:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Contract farming addresses the problem of <strong>low investment</strong> in agriculture and ensures a supply of quality inputs, technical guidance and management support for farmers.</li>
<li>It provides an <strong>assured market and a pre-agreed sale price for produce,</strong> makes it easier for farmers to<strong> access cheaper institutional credit.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>Way Forward</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The contract farming seeks to provide alternative marketing channels and better price realisation to farmers. It has been observed that if the market price rises higher than the contracted price, the farmers are tempted to sell the produce to someone else for a higher price. On the other hand, if market prices were to fall below the contracted rate, the buyer often fails to honour the commitment.</li>
<li>It is also necessary to remember that for <strong>growers agriculture is a livelihood issue</strong> and for <strong>processors and aggregators it is business.</strong> Hence the Government should play the <strong>role of a facilitator</strong> to promote as well as to develop a healthy system of <strong>farmer-corporate relationship for mutual benefit and development of the agriculture sector in India.</strong></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/covid-19-impact-odisha-promotes-contract-farming-system/article31644389.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:TH</strong></a></p>',
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		'article_id' => (int) 5404,
		'category_id' => (int) 21,
		'title' => 'States’ Share in PMMSY and FME',
		'description' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the Cabinet has approved the implementation of the <strong>Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY)</strong> and <strong>Formalisation of Micro Food Processing Enterprises (FME).</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Both the schemes were <strong>announced in the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/economic-stimulus-iii" target="_blank" rel="noopener">third tranche of the Rs. 20 lakh crore economic package</a> under <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/atmanirbhar-bharat-and-economic-stimulus" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan</a>.</strong></li>
<li>It has been observed that about <strong>Rs. 30,000</strong> <strong>crore</strong> worth of above schemes will rely on<strong> 40% share from states.</strong></li>
</ul>
<h3>Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Aim:</strong> The Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY) was first mentioned during the 2019-20 Budget.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It aims to bring a <a href="/loksabha-rajyasabha-discussions/in-depth-blue-revolution" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>blue revolution</strong></a> through sustainable and responsible development of the fisheries sector in India.</li>
<li>It also intends to augment fish production and productivity at an <strong>annual growth rate of 9%</strong> to achieve a target of 22 million metric tons by 2024-25.</li>
<li>It strives to create <strong>direct employment</strong> to <strong>15 lakh</strong> fishers, fish farmers, etc. and about <strong>thrice this number as indirect employment</strong> opportunities.</li>
<li>It also aims to double the incomes of fishers, fish farmers and fish workers by 2024.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Time Period</strong>: The Scheme will be implemented during a period of <strong>5 years</strong> from the Financial Year (FY) 2020-21 to FY 2024-25.</li>
<li><strong>Funding:</strong> It has a total estimated investment of<strong> Rs 20,050 crore.</strong> The investment share is segregated as:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Central Share:</strong> Rs 9,407 crores.</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">States&rsquo; Share:</span>&nbsp;Rs 4,880 crores.</li>
<li><strong>Beneficiaries&rsquo; Share:</strong> Rs 5,763 crores.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Implementation:</strong>The PMMSY will be implemented as an umbrella scheme with two separate Components namely, <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Central Sector Scheme (CS):</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Non-beneficiary Oriented:</strong> The entire project cost will be borne by the Central government (i.e. 100% central funding).</li>
<li><strong>Beneficiary Oriented:</strong> The individual/group activities undertaken by the entities of central government including the National Fisheries Development Board (NFDB), the central assistance will be <strong>up to 40%</strong> of the project cost for <strong>General category</strong> and<strong> 60% for SC/ST/Women category.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS):</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Non-beneficiary Orientated</strong>: All the sub-components/activities will be implemented by the States/UTs, the<strong> entire project/unit cost</strong> will be <strong>shared between Centre and State.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Beneficiary Oriented:</strong> The individual/group activities under this component to be implemented by the States/UTs. The financial assistance of both <strong>Centre and State/UTs governments together</strong> will be limited to<strong> 40% of the project cost</strong> for<strong> General category</strong> and<strong> 60% of the project cost for SC/ST/Women.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The Centre and State financial assistance for <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/proposal-to-hike-monthly-pensions" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>CS</strong> </a>and <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/reforming-centrally-sponsored-scheme" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>CSS</strong></a> as mentioned above will be shared as given below:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>North Eastern &amp; Himalayan States:</strong> 90% Central share and 10% State share.</li>
<li><strong>Other States:</strong> 60% Central share and 40% State share.</li>
<li><strong>Union Territories (with legislature and without legislature):</strong> 100% Central share.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Formalisation of Micro Food Processing Enterprises</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Aim:</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The Scheme for Formalisation of Micro Food Processing Enterprises (FME) intends to <strong>increase access to finance and revenue targets</strong> for the micro <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/india-s-food-processing-industry-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>food processing enterprises</strong></a>. It also targets <strong>2,00,000</strong> micro-enterprises to be assisted with <strong>credit linked subsidies.</strong></li>
<li>It envisages increased access to credit by existing micro food processing entrepreneurs, women entrepreneurs and entrepreneurs in the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/aspirational-districts-programme" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Aspirational Districts</strong></a>.</li>
<li>The project is likely to generate<strong> 9 lakh skilled and semi-skilled</strong> jobs.</li>
<li>It will also help to <strong>integrate</strong> micro food processing enterprises with the <strong>organized markets.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Features:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is a <strong>Centrally Sponsored Scheme</strong> (CSS) on <strong>All India basis</strong> with an outlay of <strong>Rs. 10,000 crore.</strong></li>
<li>The expenditure will be shared by the <strong>Centre and the States</strong> in a ratio of <strong>60:40.</strong></li>
<li>Scheme will be implemented over a <strong>5 year period</strong> from 2020-21 to 2024-25.</li>
<li>The Scheme will majorly<strong> focus on perishables.</strong></li>
<li>The Scheme would be monitored at Centre by an <strong>Inter-Ministerial Empowered Committee (IMEC)</strong> under the <strong>Chairmanship</strong> of <strong>Food Processing Industries Minister.</strong></li>
<li>A State/UT Level Committee (SLC) chaired by the <strong>Chief Secretary</strong> will monitor and sanction/recommend proposals for expansion of micro units and setting up of new units by the <a href="/to-the-points/Paper2/self-help-groups-shgs" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Self Help Groups (SHGs)</strong></a>/<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/farmer-producer-bodies-need-help" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs)s</strong></a>/ Cooperatives.</li>
<li>The Scheme also envisages the<strong> third party evaluation</strong> and mid-term review mechanism in the programme.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/atmanirbhar-bharat-in-2-schemes-worth-rs-30000-crore-40-funding-to-come-from-states-6420014/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: IE</strong></a></p>',
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