Jammu & Kashmir
Operation Sindoor
- 08 May 2025
- 3 min read
Why in News?
India retaliated against the April 2025 Pahalgam terrorist attack by launching Operation Sindoor, targeting nine terrorist infrastructure sites across Pakistan and Pakistan-occupied Jammu and Kashmir (PoJK).
Key Points
- Operation Sindoor:
- It was executed through the coordinated efforts of the Army, Navy, and Air Force, conducted from Indian territory.
- Unlike past operations with aggressive names meant to project strength, this operation’s name was chosen as a personal tribute to the victims, particularly the widows of the Pahalgam attack.
- Intelligence and probe agencies confirmed that the targeted camps were linked to banned terrorist groups including Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM), Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT), and Hizbul Mujahideen.
- Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM):
- JeM operates its primary recruitment and training base in Bahawalpur, Pakistan, established soon after its formation by Masood Azhar in March 2000.
- Masood Azhar was released by India in the IC-814 hijacking exchange deal in December 1999.
- JeM orchestrated major attacks in India:
- October 2001: J&K Assembly car blast
- December 13, 2001: Indian Parliament attack (in collaboration with LeT)
- January 2016: Pathankot Airbase attack
- February 14, 2019: Pulwama suicide bombing
- These attacks prompted strong Indian military responses, including the Balakot airstrikes.
- The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) 1267 Committee listed Masood Azhar in May 2019, and the US designated him a Specially Designated Global Terrorist (SDGT) in 2010.
- Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT):
- Hafiz Saeed co-founded LeT in 1987-88; its headquarters are located in Muridke, near Lahore, Pakistan.
- LeT is linked to Jamaat-ud-Dawa, its parent organisation.
- Notable LeT attacks include:
- October 2005: Delhi serial blasts
- July 2006: Mumbai train blasts
- November 2008: 26/11 Mumbai terror attacks
- September 2016: Uri Army base attack
- The UNSC sanctioned LeT in May 2005, and designated Hafiz Saeed on December 10, 2008.
- The US Treasury Department declared Hafiz Saeed a Specially Designated Global Terrorist in 2008 and criticised Pakistan for releasing him in 2017.
- Hizbul Mujahideen: Active Launch Pad from PoJK:
- Founded in 1989 by Muhammad Ahsan Dar, Hizbul Mujahideen has its headquarters in Muzaffarabad, PoJK.
- The group was most active in the 1990s and continues to operate in Jammu & Kashmir.
- Its current chief is Syed Salahuddin.
- Security forces killed its commander Burhan Wani in 2016 in South Kashmir.
- Muzaffarabad acts as a key launching pad for cross-border terrorism against India.