Bihar Economic Survey 2025-26

• 06 Feb 2026

Why in News? 

Bihar Economic Survey 2025‑26 was presented in the Bihar Assembly by Finance Minister Bijendra Prasad Yadav on 2 February 2026. 

Key Points 

• This is the 20th Economic Survey of the state, which presents a detailed analysis of Bihar’s economic performance, macro trends, sectoral growth, public finance and development priorities. 
• BIHAR ECONOMY’s OUTLOOK: 
  • Bihar's economic growth outpaced the national average with growth of 14.9% compared with India's 12.0%. 
  • The Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) for 2024–25 is estimated at ₹9,91,997 crore at current prices and ₹5,31,372 crore at 2011–12 constant prices. 
  • Growth recorded at 13.1% (current prices) and 8.6% (constant prices). 
  • The Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) for 2024–25 is estimated at ₹8,99,020 crore at current prices and ₹4,71,322 crore at 2011–12 constant prices. 
  • Bihar's per capita NSDP at constant prices (2011-12) is estimated at Rs. 36,342, which is 31.7 % of the all-India average for states. 
  • Per capita income rose to ₹76,490 (current prices) and ₹40,973 (constant prices). 
    • Top 3 Districts: Patna, Begusarai, Munger 
    • Lowest 3 Districts: Sheohar, Araria, and Sitamarhi 
    • Patna: Highest Petrol, Diesel and LPG consumption. 
  • The tertiary sector contributes 54.8% of GSDP, Secondary sector 26.8%, Primary sector 18.3%. 
  • Sectoral Growth: At current prices for 2024-25, the primary sector in the state grew by 9.6 %, the secondary sector by 15.5 %, and the tertiary sector by 13.5 % over the previous year. 
  • Employment: The tertiary sector contributes 22%, Secondary sector 24%, Primary sector 54%. 
  • The Gross Fixed Capital Formation has nearly doubled in the recent five years from ₹17,416 crore to ₹34,905 crore in 2024-25. 
• State Finance 2024-25: 
  • Total Receipts Revenue Account: 218658 Crore (22% of GSDP) 
  • Capital Receipts: 66165 Crore (6.7% of GSDP) 
  • Total Expenditure: 281939 Crore (28.4% of GSDP) 
  • Revenue Expenditure: Rs. 2,19,015 crore (22.1% of GSDP) 
    • 77.7% of Total Expenditure 
  • Capital Expenditure: 62924 Crore (6.3% of GSDP) 
    • 22.3% of Total Expenditure 
  • Total Borrowings: 66049 Crore (6.7% of GSDP) 
  • Debt Outstanding: 374134 Crore (37.7% of GSDP) 
  • Gross Fiscal Deficit: 41223 Crore (4.2% of GSDP) 
  • Primary Deficit: 21544 Crore (2.2% of GSDP) 
  • Revenue Deficit: 357 Crore  
• Agriculture: 
  • Gross Sown Area: 8207.27 Thousand Hectare 
  • Net Sown Area: 5411.96 Thousand Hectare 
  • Cropping Intensity: 1.52 Thousand Hectare 
  • Cropping Pattern in Bihar (2020-21 to 2024-25): Foodgrains(95.2), Cereals(89.2), Pulses (6.0). 
  • Milk production rose by 4.2 percent, egg production by 10.0 percent, and fish production by 9.9 percent. 
  • The fisheries sector recorded a total fish production of 960 thousand tonnes with Madhubani as leading producer. 
    • Scheme: Mukhyamantri Samekit Chaur Vikas Yojana, River Ranching Programme, Jalashay Matsyki Vikas Yojana. 
  • Government Initiative: Jaivik Kheti Protsahan Yojana, Jaivik Corridor Yojana, Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY). 
• ENTERPRISES SECTOR:  
  • Sugar Industry: The Riga Sugar Mill was reopened in 2024-25.  
  • Dairy Industry: The aggregate daily average milk procurement 2,252.28 thousand kg in 2024-25. 
  • Textile Industry: The State government introduced the Bihar Industrial Investment Promotion Policy (Textile and Leather Policy, 2022) under the broader framework of the Bihar Industrial Investment Promotion Policy, 2016. 
  • Tourism Development: Takht Sri Harimandir Ji, Matsyagandha Lake in Saharsa district, Luv-Kush Eco Tourism Park in Valmikinagar. 
  • Eco-tourism: In 2024-25, the total outlay for eco-tourism and park development was Rs. 100.00 crore. Bihar's third biological park at Raniganj in Araria. 
  • Initiative: Bihar State Khadi and Village Industries Board (KVIB), Industrial Promotion in Bihar, Bihar Industrial Area Development Authority (BIADA),  
• LABOUR, EMPLOYMENT AND SKILL:  
  • In Bihar, the male labour force participation rate (LFPR) was 76.8 percent in rural areas and 67.8 percent in urban areas. 
  • Bihar's female LFPR being 11.2 percent lower than the all-India average. 
  • In rural Bihar, the unemployment rate for males was 3.3 percent, while the female unemployment rate was just 0.9 percent. 
  • In urban areas about 6.9 percent of male workers and 9.1 percent of female workers in urban Bihar are unemployed. 
• PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE: 
  • Bihar shares 5.5% of the total road network of India.  
  • A 6-lane Bihar New Ganga bridge is being constructed at an estimate of Rs. 4988 Crore with the support from ADB. 
  • Construction of expressways and national highways continues. 
  • The road transport sector recorded a high growth of 13.4% annually during the last decade. 
  • Bihar constituted 5.4 percent of the rail network of the country. 
  • Bihar has recorded a high growth rate of 20 percent in the air transport sector. 
  • Initiative: PM e-Bus Sewa, Mukhya Mantri Gram Parivahan Yojana (MMGPY). 
• E-GOVERNANCE: 
  • E-governance initiatives: CCTNS, CFMS, Cyber Cell, e-Challan, Bihar AI Mission 
  • Tele Density coverage 57.23%, Internet density coverage 43.10%. 
  • Initiatives: Bihar State Data Centre (BSDC 2.0), Bihar State Wide Area Network (BSWAN 3.0), Bihar Aadhaar Authentication Framework (BAAF), Emergency Response Support System (ERSS),  
• POWER SECTOR: 
  • Per capita energy consumption increased to 374 kilowatt-hours. 
  • 13 Innovation & Impact Award for DISCOMs 2025 at 19th India Energy Summit - Won by both NBPDCL & SBPDCL in different categories. 
  • BSPTCL has been awarded A+ certificate from PFC consecutively for 5 years from the year 2020 to 2025. 
  • Initiative: Floating Solar Power Plant, Solar Water Pumps, Mukhyamantri Solar Street Light Scheme, Smart Metering. 
• RURAL DEVELOPMENT: 
  • Rural development is fundamental to Bihar's inclusive growth, as nearly 90 percent of the population lives in rural areas. 
  • JEEVIKA: It implements the National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM) in Bihar. JEEVIKA has mobilized 1.40 crore families into 11.03 lakh Self-Help Groups (SHGs), supported by Village Organizations and Cluster-Level Federations. 
  • Initiatives: Didi-Ki-Rasoi Initiative, Pashu Sakhi Model, One Stop Facility Centre, Satat Jeevikoparjan Yojana, Lohiya Swachh Bihar Abhiyan. 
• URBAN DEVELOPMENT: 
  • The total population growth rate in Bihar declined to 14.4 per cent during 2021-25. 
  • The Total Fertility Rate (TFR) in Bihar will reach the replacement level of 2.1 by 2039. 
  • Initiatives: Mukhyamantri Samagra Shahari Vikas Yojana, Mukhyamantri Shahri Naali-Gali Pakkikaran Nishchay Yojana, Rainwater Harvesting and Artificial Recharge of Ground Water, Solid Waste Management, Smart City Mission, Patna Metro Rail Project . 
• FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS:  
  • Initiatives: ATM infrastructure in Bihar, Microfinance Institutions (MFI), Kisan Credit Card (KCC), National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD). 
• HUMAN DEVELOPMENT: 
  • Women Empowerment:The total expenditure on women has increased 3.45 times between 2018-19 and 2023-24. 
    • Under Mukhyamantri Kanya Vivah Yojna, financial assistance of Rs. 5,000 is provided to girls from BPL families who marry at the age of 18 years or above. 
    • Initiative: One-Stop Centre, Palna Ghar, Mahila Thana, Pink Bus Initiative, Nayika Apne Jeevan Ki. 
  • Education & Health Sector:The Life Expectancy at Birth in Bihar in 2019-23 has been 68.9 and 69.7 years for males and females respectively. 
    • Bihar recorded significant improvement in literacy during 2001-11, rising from 47% to 61.8%, the highest among all states. 
    • Initiatives: E-Shikshakosh, PM Poshan Scheme, BHAVYA initiative, Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), Immunisation, National Health Mission, Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), Bihar Student Credit Card Yojana (BSCCY).  
• CHILD DEVELOPMENT: 
  • NFHS-5 (2019-21): Children under 5 Years who are Stunted (42.9%), Wasted (22.9%) and Underweight(41%). 
  • Initiatives: Anganwadi Services (AS), Poshan Pakhwada, POSHAN Tracker, Mission Vatsalya, Establishment of Child Protection Unit, Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015. 
• ENVIRONMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT: 
  • The forestry sector registered an average annual growth of 10.6% between 2011-12 and 2024-25. 
  • Forest cover increased by 689 sq km in 12 years. 
  • Initiative: Environment Forest and Climate Change Department, Forest Management Information System (FMIS), Bihar-VanMitra App, e-Parivesh Portal, Hariyali Mission, Bamboo Mission, Wetland Conservation and Development in Bihar, Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary. 
  • Disaster Management Initiatives: State Disaster Response Force (SDRF) in 2010, Bihar Disaster Risk Reduction Road Map (2015-2030), Modernisation of State Emergency Operation Centre (SEOC).