Sambhav-2024

Approach

• Write a brief introduction about the X-ray Polarimeter Satellite (XPoSat).
• Write the objective and significance of the X-ray Polarimeter Satellite in the field of astrophysics.
• Write a conclusion.

Introduction

X-ray Polarimeter Satellite (XPoSat) is India’s maiden mission dedicated to analysing the polarisation of X-rays emanating from bright celestial sources in the medium frequency band.

XPoSat will observe sources that emit polarised X-rays. The observations will be done when the magnetars or neutron stars (they are highly magnetic and display a wide array of X-ray activity) are in transit through the Earth’s shadow, for instance, during the eclipse period.

Body

• Objective of the X-ray Polarimeter Satellite (XPoSat):
  • The primary objective of the X-ray Polarimeter Satellite (XPoSat) is to detect and analyze polarized X-ray emissions from celestial sources in the universe. This includes black holes, neutron stars, supernova remnants, and active galactic nuclei, among others.
• Significance in the Field of Astrophysics:
  • XPoSat holds immense significance in astrophysics for several reasons:
    • Understanding Black Holes and Neutron Stars: By studying the polarization of X-rays emitted from black holes and neutron stars, XPoSat can provide insights into their magnetic fields, accretion processes, and relativistic jets. This data is crucial for refining our understanding of these enigmatic cosmic objects.
    • Probing Supernova Remnants: XPoSat's observations of polarized X-rays from supernova remnants enable scientists to investigate the magnetic fields and shock dynamics associated with these stellar explosions. Such studies shed light on the mechanisms driving supernova explosions and the subsequent dispersal of heavy elements into the interstellar medium.
    • Exploring Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN): AGN are powered by supermassive black holes at the centers of galaxies. XPoSat's ability to measure the polarization of X-rays emitted from AGN provides valuable insights into the geometry and physics of the regions surrounding these massive black holes, as well as the processes responsible for their high-energy emissions.
    • Advancing Polarimetry Techniques: XPoSat's innovative instrumentation and dedicated focus on X-ray polarimetry contribute to the advancement of polarimetry techniques in astrophysics. This enables more precise measurements of polarization in X-ray emissions, enhancing our ability to probe the fundamental properties of cosmic objects and phenomena.

Conclusion

XPoSat's objective to detect polarized X-ray emissions and its significance in studying black holes, neutron stars, supernova remnants, and active galactic nuclei make it a pivotal instrument for advancing our understanding of the universe and unraveling its mysteries in the field of astrophysics.