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04 Mar 2026
GS Paper 2
Social Justice
Q. Discuss the relationship between poverty and hunger in India. Illustrate with examples from recent government policies. (Answer in 200 words)
Approach:
- Highlight the cyclical relationship between poverty and hunger in India.
- Discuss the dual challenges of poverty and hunger with statistics and mention government policies like NFSA, PMGKAY, ICDS, and MGNREGA that address these issues.
- Conclude by emphasizing the need for comprehensive policies.
Introduction
The relationship between poverty and hunger in India is complex and cyclical. Poverty often leads to hunger, as low-income individuals and families struggle to afford sufficient and nutritious food. Conversely, hunger exacerbates poverty by diminishing physical health, reducing productivity, and limiting educational opportunities, thereby perpetuating the cycle of poverty.
Body
Poverty and Hunger in India:
India, despite being one of the fastest-growing economies, faces significant challenges with both poverty and hunger. According to the Global Hunger Index 2023, India ranks 107th out of 121 countries, indicating a serious level of hunger. Many impoverished households prioritize immediate survival over long-term development, leading to malnutrition and food insecurity.
Government Policies Addressing Poverty and Hunger:
- National Food Security Act (NFSA), 2013: This landmark legislation aims to provide subsidized food grains to approximately two-thirds of India’s population. Under NFSA, households below the poverty line receive 5 kg of food grains per person per month at highly subsidized rates. This policy directly addresses hunger and helps alleviate poverty by ensuring food security for vulnerable populations.
- Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana (PMGKAY): Launched during the COVID-19 pandemic, this initiative provided free food grains to the poor. The program aimed to support those facing economic distress, thereby reducing hunger and providing a safety net for impoverished families.
- Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS): This program focuses on improving the nutritional and health status of children under six and their mothers. It combines food distribution with health care, education, and empowerment initiatives, thereby addressing both poverty and hunger.
- Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA): By providing 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in a financial year, MGNREGA helps rural households increase their income, thus improving their purchasing power for food.
In conclusion, addressing the intertwined issues of poverty and hunger requires comprehensive policies that ensure food security, enhance livelihoods, and promote sustainable development. Recent government initiatives in India demonstrate a commitment to breaking this cycle, yet challenges remain in implementation and coverage
