Mains Marathon

Approach

Begin your answer by defining corruption and providing a brief overview of the significance of the issue of corruption in public service delivery. Discuss the causes of corruption and how corruption in service delivery can be combatted by adhering to ethical standards and values. Summarize the main points you've discussed in your answer and conclude.

Answer:

Corruption can be defined as the abuse of entrusted power for private gain. It can take many forms, such as bribery, embezzlement, influence peddling, and nepotism. Corruption in public service delivery is a pervasive and persistent problem that undermines the quality and accessibility of essential services such as health, education, water, sanitation, and social protection. Corruption in service delivery can take various forms, such as bribery, nepotism, embezzlement, fraud, extortion, collusion, and favouritism.

Some of the main causes of corruption in public service delivery are:

• Lack of transparency and accountability: When the processes and procedures of service delivery are not clear, consistent, and open to public scrutiny, there is a high risk of corruption. 
  • For example, if the criteria and mechanisms for allocating public resources, awarding contracts, or selecting beneficiaries are not transparent and accountable, there is a possibility of manipulation, diversion, or misappropriation of funds by public officials or private actors.
• Weak governance and institutional capacity: When the institutions and systems that are responsible for delivering public services are not effective, efficient, and responsive to the needs and demands of the citizens, there is a low level of trust and satisfaction among the service users. 
  • This creates an incentive for both the providers and the recipients of services to engage in corrupt practices to obtain better or faster services or to avoid paying fees or taxes.
• Low wages and incentives: When the public servants who deliver public services are not adequately compensated and motivated for their work, they may resort to corruption as a means of supplementing their income or securing their position. 
  • For example, if the salaries of teachers, doctors, or police officers are too low or irregularly paid, they may demand bribes from students, patients, or citizens for providing basic services or performing their duties.
• Cultural and social norms: When the values and beliefs of the society or the community condone or encourage corruption as a way of life or a survival strategy, there is a low level of moral outrage and resistance against corrupt behaviour. 
  • For example, if the culture of patronage, clientelism, or gift-giving is prevalent and accepted in the society, it may be difficult to distinguish between legitimate and illegitimate forms of influence or exchange in service delivery.

Public servants can prevent and combat corruption in service delivery by adhering to ethical standards and values that guide their conduct and decision-making.

Some of these ethical standards and values are:

• Integrity: Public servants should act with honesty, reliability, and consistency in their work. They should not abuse their power or position for personal gain or advantage. They should avoid any conflict of interest or appearance of impropriety that may compromise their impartiality or objectivity.
• Accountability: Public servants should be answerable and responsible for their actions and outcomes. They should report and explain their performance and results to the relevant authorities and stakeholders. They should also accept feedback and criticism and take corrective measures when necessary.
• Transparency: Public servants should be open and clear about their policies, processes, and procedures. They should provide accurate and timely information to the public and other parties involved in service delivery. They should also ensure that their activities and transactions are subject to oversight and audit.
• Professionalism: Public servants should demonstrate competence, efficiency, and effectiveness in their work. They should strive to improve their skills and knowledge and apply best practices and standards in service delivery. They should also respect the rights and dignity of the service users and treat them with courtesy and fairness.

Corruption in public service delivery stems from a combination of factors, including systemic weaknesses and human behaviours. By upholding ethical standards, adhering to values, and implementing preventive measures, public servants can play a vital role in preventing and combating corruption, ultimately contributing to the enhancement of effective and transparent governance system.