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State PCS

Mains Marathon

  • 12 Jul 2022 GS Paper 1 History

    Day 2: Examine how the Pre-Indian National Congress (INC) organisation built the momentum for Nation building and national struggle? (250 Words)

    Approach
    • Briefly talk about the nature of pre-INC organisation in India.
    • Enumerate the few pre-INC organisations and their policies that contributed to the national struggle and nation building of India.
    • Conclude suitably.

    Answer

    Most of the pre-INC organisations have local and regional character. And brought democratic politics in India.

    • Most of these organisation had demanded macro level reforms like
      • Administrative Reform
      • Association of Indians with the administration and
      • Spread of education

    There are some of these organisation and their contribution to the ideological and political India for nation building:

    • British India Association 1851: Formed by merging Zamindari Association and Bengal British India Society. It had raised voice for
      • Separate legislature of a popular character
      • Separate executive and judicial functions
      • Reduction in salaries of officials and various duties.
      • The organisation by its macro level demand brought political awareness among middle class intelligentsia.
    • East India Association 1866: It was organised by Dadabhai Naoroji in London to influence the public in England for India’s welfare. This was the first organisation to use persuasion in foreign land for India's interest.
    • The Indian League 1875: It was started by Sisir Kumar Ghosh. Its contribution was “stimulating the sense of nationalism amongst the people” and of “encouraging political education”.
    • The India Association of Calcutta (aka Indian National Association): It was led by Surendranath Banerjea and Anand Mohan Bose. It contributed to:
      • Create a strong public opinion on the political question
      • Unify Indian people in a common political programme.
    • Pre-INC organisation organised various campaigns like:
      • Against Arms Act 1878
      • Against Vernacular Press Act 1878
      • Against plantation labour and against Inland Emigration Act
      • In support of the Ilbert bill
      • Campaign in British to vote for pro-India party
      • Against reduction in maximum age for appearing in civil services.
    • Contribution of Pre-INC organisation:
      • Bring political and economic awareness amongst middle class intelligentsia
      • Brought sense of belongingness amongst the elite for cause of masses
      • Raised voice for major executive, judicial and legislative reform
      • Campaign for general administrative and defense civil rights
    • These organisations had given a democratic and peaceful form of struggle that led to mass movement in later years.

    Although these organisations had been dominated by wealthy and aristocratic persons but created a politically trained and democratically managed middle-class intelligentsia that brought mass movement under leadership of Gandhi and others.

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