Paper 

Questions asked in BPSC Mains Examination 

General Studies 1 

Question  
No. 

Question 

Test Code

Question 

Nature of 
Overlapping 

1(a)  

The Indian Councils Act, 1861. 

BPSC 70M16

India’s post-1858 constitutional history witnessed a plethora of notable developments that left an 
indelible imprint on its society and polity. Comment. 

Direct 

1(c) 

Santhal Uprising 

BPSC 70M01

Santhal rebellion of 1855-56 

Direct 

1(d)  

Patna Kalam painting 

BPSC 70M01

Patna Kalam 

Direct 

1(e) 

Art and Architecture of Mauryan Age 

BPSC 70M10

Mauryan Art and Architecture 

Direct 

2(a) 

Describe the Champaran Indigo Movement and explain its impacts on the Indian freedom struggle. 

BPSC 70M01

Discuss the socio-economic conditions that led to the Champaran Satyagraha of 1917. How did it mark a turning point in India’s freedom struggle? 

Direct 

3(a) 

Examine the expansion of Western Education in the mid-nineteenth century onward.  

BPSC 70M01

Examine the evolution of modern education in Bihar during the colonial era, emphasizing its impact on women’s education. 

Direct 

3(b) 

Assess the constructive works of Mahatma Gandhi. 

BPSC 70M10

Discuss Mahatma Gandhi’s views on state governance and the caste system and examine their relevance  
in modern India. 

Theme Based 

4(a) 

Discuss the direction of unity and coalition politics of opposition parties after the defeat of Aam Aadmi Party in Delhi Assembly Elections, 2025.  

BPSC 70M11

In India, both coalition governments and single-party majority governments have their pros and cons. In the context of Bihar, which form of government do you think is more suitable? Justify your answer with relevant arguments. 

Theme Based 

4(d) 

Throw detailed light on the need and importance of caste based Census in Bihar. 

BPSC 70M13

The Bihar caste survey has reignited the debate on affirmative action and social justice. Analyze its significance in policymaking and the challenges associated with caste-based enumeration in India. 

Direct 

4(e) 

Analyze logically what the future of the United States of America will be at national and international level under the leadership of newly elected President Donald Trump.  

BPSC 70M10

Examine key shifts in U.S. policy under the Trump administration in immigration, climate, trade, and multilateral ties. Discuss their impact on India and suggest adaptive measures. 

Direct 

5(a) 

Uttarakhand has became the first state to implement the Uniform Civil Code in India. Explain the Uniform Civil Code in this regard. Also explain with examples, what changes will it bring to the Indian society on social, cultural, religious and legal basis. 

BPSC 70M03, BPSC 70M17

Discuss the key implications of the implementation of the Uniform Civil Code (UCC) in Uttarakhand. , The founders of the Constitution had “hoped and expected” a Uniform Civil Code for India but there has been no attempt at framing one. In this regard discuss the need for a Uniform Civil Code in India and examine the challenges in its implementation. What steps can be taken by the government to  
overcome these challenges? 

Direct 

6(a) 

Discuss the concept of 'One Nation, One Election' and its implication on the federal Structure of India. What are the potential advantages and disadvantages of synchronizing elections to the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies ? Analyze. 

BPSC 70M03

Discuss the key recommendations of Ram Nath Kovind committee on ‘One Nation, One Election’. 

Theme Based 

6(b) 

Throwing light on the increasirig women participation in Indian politics and society and the Women's Reservation Act, 2023 (Narishakti Vandan Act, 2023), Analyze the social, economic and political changes taking place in Indian society due to its implementation. 

BPSC 70M09

The Women’s Reservation Act, 2023, seeks to enhance women’s participation in policymaking and
promote equitable governance. In this context, discuss its key provisions, its role in advancing gender equality in politics, and the challenges associated with its implementation. 

Direct 

General Studies 2 

1(b) 

"Criminalisation of politics and politicisation of Criminals". Analyse this statement in the context of Bihar State. 

BPSC 70M05

Criminalization of Indian Politics. 

Direct 

1(e) 

In the light of 73rd and 74th Amendment in the Constitution of India, discuss the role of Local Self Government in-empowering the women-at the grassroot level in Bihar. 

BPSC 70M17,BPSC 70M04,BPSC 70M11

Critically evaluate the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act 1992, that seeks to establish democracy at  
the grassroots. , In the context of the challenges faced by Indian urban centres, analyze the provisions of the 74th Constitutional Amendment that empower urban local governance. Also, critically examine the limitations  
hindering their effective implementation., Critically examine the role of the Panchayati Raj in strengthening local governance in India. Apart from government grants, suggest alternative funding mechanisms that Panchayats can use to finance  
developmental projects. 

Theme Based 

2(a) 

Trace the Evolution of Political Parties in India from one party dominance to the era of Coalition Governments. Has the coalition politics undermined the authority of the Prime Minister in India ? Give reasons. 

BPSC 70M11

In India, both coalition governments and single-party majority governments have their pros and cons. In the context of Bihar, which form of government do you think is more suitable? Justify your answer  
with relevant arguments. 

Theme Based 

2(b) 

"When there is a change Government at the Center, the Governor's also change." In the context of this statement examine the role of Governor in Ind· as a link between the Center and the States. Can he in any way act accordini a to his own discretion ?  

BPSC 70M04,BPSC 70M14

Examine the role of the Governor in Centre-State relations with special reference to Bihar. How do the Governor’s powers impact the functioning of the state government, and what are the challenges associated with this role?, Examine the rationale behind a nominated Governor rather than an elected one.,  

Direct 

4(a) 

Explain the climatic conditions and mechanism of winter rainfall in India with their spatial spread. 

BPSC 70M06

Discuss the impact of Western Disturbances on the climate and agriculture of India. How is climate change influencing their behavior?, Discuss the role of monsoons in shaping India’s climate and economy. How does climate change impact  
the monsoon system? 

Theme Based 

4(c) 

What are the suitable geographical conditions for the cultivation of major types of millets in India ? Explain with examples. 

BPSC 70M14

Millets can prove to be a tasty solution to the climate and food security challenges. Comment. 

Theme Based 

4(d) 

Explain the ecological condition suitable for the cultivation of Makhana crop. What measures are being taqken by the government to increase its production and marketing ? 

BPSC 70M10

The establishment of the Makhana Board is a significant step towards strengthening Bihar’s food processing industry and empowering local farmers. Discuss its potential impact, associated challenges, and the way forward. 

Theme Based 

6(a) 

Discuss the causes and consequences of the out migration of population from Bihar and the measures taken by the State to stabilize the population. 

BPSC 70M06

Is large-scale migration from Bihar to other states driven solely by economic reasons? Indicate other factors if any. What are its impacts on Bihar’s economy? What measures can be taken to reverse this trend? 

Direct 

6(b) 

Examine the ecological and economic benefits of solar energy generation in India with suitable examples.  

BPSC 70M09

India is tackling climate change by achieving targets and promoting global cooperation through key  
initiatives. How can the International Solar Alliance (ISA) help India become a global leader in solar energy? 

Theme Based 

7(a) 

Explain how science and technology is helping in agricultural productivity ani food preservations. 

BPSC 70M17

Highlight the significance of science and technology in agriculture with a special focus on biotechnology. 

Direct 

7(b) 

What is cyber crime ? Write different types of cyber crime and explain how technology is helping to minimize such crimes ?  

BPSC 70M07,BPSC 70M08

Cybersecurity is a growing challenge for India in the digital era. Discuss the key threats posed by cyberattacks and suggest effective strategies to enhance India’s cybersecurity framework., Cybersecurity in Digital India. 

Theme Based 

7(c) 

"We need science and technology in every sphere of life beginning from the treatment of diseases, such as cancer to book a train/air ticket". Justify the statement.  

BPSC 70M07, BPSC 70M11

With suitable examples, discuss the role of biotechnology in the food security of India., Explain how biofuels can support farmers in Bihar and improve their economic well-being., Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionize human development in India. Discuss the
role of AI in education and health., Telemedicine has the potential to revolutionize healthcare access in rural India. Discuss the role of
telemedicine in addressing rural healthcare challenges and suggest measures to enhance its effectiveness., Discuss the role of blockchain technology in Bihar’s governance, elaborating on its advantages and  
potential applications., Discuss the role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in governance. Identify the key  
challenges and suggest measures for its effective implementation. 

Theme Based 

7(f) 

Explain how the drone technology in India is helping extensively in various areas of national security. Justify with suitable examples. 

BPSC 70M17

Explain the concept of swarm drone technology in modern warfare. Highlight India’s efforts to develop indigenous drone capabilities. 

Theme Based 

8(a) 

Discuss how the significant milestones, like Chandrayaan and Mangalyaan have enhanced the significance of India's space program globally ? Also mention how these space missions are helpful in the sectors like agriculture, disaster management and urban planning.  

BPSC 70M17, BPSC 70M07

Outline the major space missions launched by ISRO and highlight their applications in the country’s development process., India’s space exploration efforts have significantly advanced with missions like Chandrayaan. Discuss
the achievements, challenges, and future prospects of India’s lunar exploration program. 

Direct 

Essay 

1 

Importance of India in contemporary global perspective. 

BPSC 70M05

India’s soft power policy and global relationships 

Theme Based 

4 

Soil conservation and organic farming. 

BPSC 70M05

Environmental Degradation: Threat to the Food Security 

Theme Based 

7 

Lax law and order is a hindrance to women empowerment. 

BPSC 70M12

When Women Are Safe, Nations Are Strong 

Theme Based 

12 

Jaisan boabad oisane katbad. 

BPSC 70M15

Jaisan Boab, Woesan Katab 

Direct