PESA Act Implemented in Jharkhand After 25 Years | 16 Jan 2026

Why in News? 

Jharkhand has implemented  Panchayat (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act (PESA), 1996 after 25 Years, making it one of the last Fifth Schedule states to do so. 

Key Points 

• PESA Act, 1996 – Objective: PESA was enacted to extend self-governance and democratic decentralisation to Scheduled Areas by empowering Gram Sabhas. 
  • Coverage: The notified rules apply fully in 13 districts and partially in 3 districts, covering major tribal-inhabited regions of Jharkhand. 
• Gram Sabha as Supreme Authority: The rules recognise the Gram Sabha as the most powerful institution in Scheduled Areas, responsible for decision-making related to village governance. 
  • Powers over Natural Resources: Gram Sabhas are empowered to manage community resources, including minor forest produce, small water bodies and minor minerals within village boundaries. 
  • Role in Social Regulation: Gram Sabhas are authorised to resolve local disputes, act against social evils, and impose limited penalties, reinforcing traditional justice mechanisms. 
• Administrative Role of District Authorities: The Deputy Commissioner will notify Gram Sabha boundaries, while district-level teams will prepare development plans in consultation with Gram Sabhas. 
• Government’s Stand: The state government describes the move as a historic step towards tribal self-rule, ensuring control over jal, jangal and zameen (water, forest and land).