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Long Term Reverse Repo Operation

Why in news According to the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), the response to the Long Term Reverse Repo Operation (LTROs) has been highly...

11 Mar 2020 News Analysis
Government to Launch Mahua-based Alcoholic Drink

Why in News The central government is set to launch a mahua-based alcoholic beverage ‘Mahua Nutribeverage’ in the market for the first...

11 Mar 2020 News Analysis
Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak

Why in News Stock markets in India crashed on 9th March, 2020 as Sensex and Nifty indices saw their biggest ever fall in absolute terms. The...

11 Mar 2020 News Analysis
Attukal Pongala Festival

Why in News In Thiruvananthapuram, Kerela, the annual “Attukal Pongala”, one of the largest all-women religious congregations, began...

11 Mar 2020 News Analysis
CPCB Notifies Contaminated Sites

Why in News According to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), there are 128 sites in India contaminated by toxic and hazardous...

11 Mar 2020 News Analysis
New Hub Under National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber Physical Systems

Why in News The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Ropar, Punjab is setting up a Sectoral Application Hub in Technologies for Agriculture and...

11 Mar 2020 News Analysis
Foundation Day of National Archives of India

Why In News Recently, on the occasion of 130th Foundation Day of National Archives of India, an exhibition “Jallianwala Bagh” was...

11 Mar 2020 News Analysis
National Institute of Health & Family Welfare

Why in News Recently, the 43rd Annual Day of the National Institute of Health & Family Welfare (NIHFW) was organised. On the occasion, the...

11 Mar 2020 News Analysis
Climate Change and The Eastern Ghats

This article is based on "A browning east: on climate change and the Eastern Ghats" which was published in The Hindu on February 28, 2020. It talks...

09 Mar 2020 News Editorials
Illegal Trade of Red Panda

Why in News The trade monitoring network TRAFFIC has released a report titled “Assessment of illegal trade-related threats to Red Panda in...

09 Mar 2020 News Analysis
Warli Adivasi Revolt

In 1945, it began in Zari village, Talasari taluka (Maharashtra). Affected from the exploitation from the landlords and money-lenders, nearly...

09 Mar 2020 News Analysis
Commercial Cord Blood Banking

Why in News Recently there has been growing concern regarding the aggressively promoted concept of cord blood banking. Key Points Over the...

09 Mar 2020 News Analysis
National Conference on Women in Police and CAPFs

Why in News Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D) organised the National Conference on Women in Police and Central Armed Police...

09 Mar 2020 News Analysis
Super Seven

Why in News Prime Minister of India on 8th March 2020 marked International Women’s Day by handing over control of his social media accounts to...

09 Mar 2020 News Analysis
Unutilised Budgetary Funds in Education

Why in News Recently, the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Human Resource Development (HRD) has presented a report on the 2020-2021 demand for...

09 Mar 2020 News Analysis
Kyasanur Forest Disease

Why in News There is a proposal to set up a research centre on Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD) in Sagar, Karnataka. The State government has...

09 Mar 2020 News Analysis
The Yes Bank Crisis

This article is based on Banking on bailouts: On Yes Bank crisis, Yes bank, no bank. It talks about the collapse of Yes Bank. Within months of a...

07 Mar 2020 News Editorials
Katchatheevu Island

It is an uninhabited off-shore island in the Palk Strait originally owned by a king of Ramnad (present-day Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu). The island...

07 Mar 2020 News Analysis
SC Order on Land Acquisition

Why in News Recently, the Supreme Court of India reaffirmed its February 2018 ruling on Section 24 on land acquisition compensation awards in the...

07 Mar 2020 News Analysis
AYUSH Grid and NAMASTE Portal

Why in News Recently, the Minister of State for AYUSH has informed about the development of the AYUSH Grid and NAMASTE Portal. AYUSH Grid AYUSH...

07 Mar 2020 News Analysis

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		(int) 0 => [
			'title' => 'Long Term Reverse Repo Operation',
			'catname' => 'News Analysis',
			'desc' => '<h3>Why in news</h3>
<p>According to the <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-national-institutions/important-institutions-national-institution-reserve-bank-of-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Reserve Bank of India (RBI)</strong></a>, the response to the <strong>Long Term Reverse Repo Operation (LTROs)</strong> has been highly encouraging.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Long Term Reverse Repo Operation (LTRO) is a mechanism <strong>to facilitate the transmission of monetary policy</strong> actions and the flow of credit to the economy. This helps in <strong>injecting liquidity in the banking system.</strong></li>
<li>Funds through LTRO are provided at the repo rate. This means that banks can avail one year and three-year loans at the same interest rate of one day repo. But usually, loans with higher maturity period (here like 1 year and 3 years) will have a higher interest rate compared to short term (repo) loans.</li>
<li>According to the RBI, the LTRO scheme will be in addition to the existing <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/rbi-keeps-policy-rates-unchanged" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF) and the Marginal Standing Facility (MSF)</strong></a> operations.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The LAF and MSF are the two sets of liquidity operations by the RBI with the LAF having a number of tools like repo, reverse repo, term repo etc.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The central bank has been conducting LTROs for one- and three-year tenors of appropriate sizes for up to a total amount of Rs 1,00,000 crore at the policy repo rate from the fortnight beginning February 15, 2020.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The central bank received total bids of ₹1.94 lakh crore, for the three-year repo, compared with the notified amount of ₹25,000 crores.</li>
<li>In yet another (LTROs) ₹48,856 crores worth of bids were conducted for an amount of ₹25,000 crores with a three-year tenor.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>LTROs are conducted on <strong>Core Banking Solution (E-KUBER) platform.</strong> The operations would be conducted at a fixed rate.</li>
<li>The minimum bid amount would be Rs 1 crore and multiples thereof. There will be no restriction on the maximum amount of bidding by individual bidders.</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>E-Kuber</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>e-Kuber is the <strong>Core Banking Solution</strong> of Reserve Bank of India which was <strong>introduced in 2012.</strong></li>
<li>Core Banking Solutions (CBS) can be defined as a solution that enables banks to offer a multitude of customer-centric services on a 24x7 basis from a single location, supporting retail as well as corporate banking activities.</li>
<li>The centralisation thus makes a <strong>&ldquo;one-stop&rdquo; shop for financial services a reality</strong>. Using CBS, customers can access their accounts from any branch, anywhere, irrespective of where they have physically opened their accounts.</li>
<li>Almost all branches of commercial banks, including the Regional Rural Banks (RRBs), are brought into the core-banking fold.</li>
<li>The e-kuber system can be accessed either through <strong>INFINET or Internet.</strong> The INFINET is a Closed User Group Network for the exclusive use of member banks and financial institutions and is the communication backbone for the National Payments System.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>Benefits of the LTROs</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Enhance Liquidity:</strong> It will enhance liquidity in the banking system by Rs 1 lakh crore.</li>
<li><strong>Bring down the cost of funds for banks:</strong> The introduction of long-term repo operations (LTRO) will bring down the cost of funds for banks without effectively cutting deposit rates. This decision is likely to make reverse repo rate as the operative policy rate over a point of time.</li>
<li><strong>Boost Investment:</strong> It is a measure that is expected to bring down short-term rates and also boost investment in corporate bonds.</li>
<li><strong>Ensure banks have durable liquidity:</strong> These efforts are being carried forward with a view to assuring banks about the availability of durable liquidity at a reasonable cost relative to prevailing market conditions.</li>
<li><strong>Ensure credit flow to productive sectors:</strong> This should encourage banks to undertake maturity transformation smoothly and seamlessly so as to augment credit flows to productive sectors.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/business/Economy/rbi-gets-48856-cr-in-bids-for-ltros/article31026008.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
			'postdate' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
			'url' => 'https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/long-term-reverse-repo-operation'
		],
		(int) 1 => [
			'title' => 'Government to Launch Mahua-based Alcoholic Drink',
			'catname' => 'News Analysis',
			'desc' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The central government is set to launch a <strong>mahua-based alcoholic beverage &lsquo;Mahua Nutribeverage&rsquo;</strong> in the market for the first time.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Beverage will come in <strong>six fruit-based flavours</strong> and will be available at the price of ₹700 for a 750ml bottle.</li>
<li>This is the <strong>first time</strong> that the <strong>Ministry of Tribal Affairs</strong> is getting into bottling and sale of alcoholic beverages.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The beverage has a <strong>high nutritional value</strong> and <strong>relatively low alcohol</strong> content (5%).</li>
<li>It has been developed by the <strong>Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi</strong> in collaboration with the T<a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-national-institutions/apeda-trifed" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>ribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation of India</strong></a> <strong>(TRIFED).</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>TRIFED is a <strong>national-level apex organization</strong> functioning under the administrative control of the Ministry of Tribal Affairs.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>TRIFED has signed a memorandum with the <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/mission-raksha-gyan-shakti-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">National Research Development Corporation</a> (NRDC)</strong> to undertake the assignment of technology transfer to the suitable entrepreneurs for production and marketing of the beverage.</li>
<li>The marketing is being undertaken under the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/van-dhan-internship-programme" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Van Dhan Vikas Karyakram.</strong></a><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is <strong>Tribal Affairs Ministry&rsquo;s value-addition scheme</strong> which was launched in <strong>Chhattisgarh&rsquo;s Bijapur in 2018.</strong></li>
<li>The nation-wide programme earmarked ₹500-600 crore for training tribal clusters to add value to their produce and sell it in a packaged format, aiming to increase their income manifold.</li>
<li>The products marketed under the scheme include only those that need <strong>primary-level processing,</strong> including handicrafts, textiles, food items, jams and pulps and jewellery.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Besides mahua, other tribal staples such as <strong>tamarind and amla</strong> will be de-seeded and brought to the market in the form of candies and jams.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Mahua<a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1583915376_image1.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1583915376_image1.jpg" style="float: right;" width="280" caption="false" /></a></h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Its scientific name is <strong>Madhuca indica.</strong></li>
<li>It is a prominent forest tree in tribal areas of <strong>Bastar (Chhattisgarh)</strong> and plays an important role in the rural economy.</li>
<li>The mahua flowers are a<strong> rich source of sugars</strong> and are said to contain <strong>vitamins, minerals and calcium.</strong></li>
<li>The flowers are fermented and distilled yielding spirituous liquor also known as <strong>&lsquo;country beer&rsquo;.</strong></li>
<li>An <strong>estimated 90% of the annual production</strong> of Mahua flower is used in the process of brewing beverages.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/government-to-launch-mahua-based-alcoholic-drink-6307451/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: IE</strong></a></p>',
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		],
		(int) 2 => [
			'title' => 'Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak',
			'catname' => 'News Analysis',
			'desc' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Stock markets in India crashed on 9<sup>th</sup> March, 2020 as <strong>Sensex</strong> and <strong>Nifty</strong> indices saw their biggest ever fall in absolute terms.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Sensex dropped 1,942 points or 5.17% to 35,635 and the Nifty dropped 538 points to 10,451, wiping out as much as Rs 6.8 lakh crore of investor wealth.</li>
<li>According to the <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-national-institutions/securities-and-exchange-board-of-india-sebi" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)</strong></a>, volatility in stock market is due to <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/the-economic-impact-of-coronavirus" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>perceived economic fallout from COVID-19</strong></a> and <strong>steep fall in global crude prices.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Oil prices also crashed on the same day after the collapse of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) supply cut agreement with Russia.</li>
<li>The price of Brent crude oil fell almost 30% to $31.14 a barrel, its biggest single fall since the start of the first Gulf war (1990-91).</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Sensex</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Sensex, otherwise known as the S&amp;P BSE Sensex index, is the <strong>benchmark index of the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE)</strong> in India.</li>
<li>It comprises <strong>30</strong> of the largest and most actively-traded stocks on the BSE, providing an accurate gauge of India's economy. The index's composition is reviewed in June and December each year.</li>
<li>Initially compiled in 1986, the Sensex is the <strong>oldest stock index in India.</strong></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Nifty</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Nifty is primarily an <strong>equity benchmark index</strong> which was introduced in <strong>1996</strong> by the<strong> National Stock Exchange.</strong></li>
<li>The term Nifty is derived from the combination National and Fifty as Nifty consists of <strong>50 actively traded stocks.</strong> Nifty is an abbreviation of National Stock Exchange Fifty.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>Perceived Economic Fallout From COVID-19</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Fall in economic activities globally:</strong> Falling Chinese exports, faster than expected pace of shrinking of the Japanese economy, increasing cases of Coronavirus outside China, and disruption of global supply chains, have contributed to the panic in the financial markets worldwide.</li>
<li><strong>Investment Outflow:</strong> Selling of securities by foreign institutional investors have contributed to the sharp selloff in Indian markets. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>A sell-off occurs when a large volume of securities are sold in a short period of time. This leads to decline in the price of the security.</li>
<li><strong>Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs)</strong> refer to outside companies investing in the financial markets of India.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Yes Bank Crisis:</strong> The<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/the-yes-bank-crisis" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Yes Bank crisis</strong></a> has raised concerns over the stability of the country's banking system, adding to the woes of domestic investors.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Fall in Global Crude Prices</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Top crude oil producers Saudi Arabia and Russia have begun a price war. Saudi Arabia slashed its oil prices after it failed to convince Russia to support sharp crude oil production cuts.</li>
<li>A three-year supply pact between members of the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/opec" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)</strong></a> and Russia collapsed after Russia refused to support deeper oil cuts to cope with the substantial fall in demand caused by the impact of coronavirus on travel and economic activity.</li>
<li><strong>Immediate Impact</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>In the Sensex pack, the Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC) was the worst performer, losing over 16%.</li>
<li>State-owned Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs) have reduced the prices of sensitive petroleum products such as petrol and diesel by 30 paise and 25 paise a litre respectively across major cities.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Long-Term Impact</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The fall in the prices of crude oil goes well for the Indian economy as <strong>India imports more than 80% of its oil requirements.</strong></li>
<li>The savings on oil imports is estimated to be around US $30 billion in the Financial Year 2021 if there is no significant uptick in global demand. This will help in arresting the rising inflation in the country.</li>
<li>However, according to some experts, very low prices imply less growth for emerging countries like India, thus impacting negatively.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Government&rsquo;s Move to Boost Agri-exports</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The central government has identified <strong>21 agricultural products,</strong> including honey, potatoes, grapes, soya beans and groundnuts, in which Indian exports could benefit from trade restrictions against Chinese goods.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Some countries have imposed restrictions on Chinese goods in response to the outbreak of COVID-19.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The total value of China&rsquo;s global exports of these products amounted to $5488.6 million in 2018. India exported $4,445.9 million worth of these commodities in the same period and could now have a chance to grab part of China&rsquo;s market share.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/covid-19-outbreak-could-help-agri-exports/article31026024.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
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			'url' => 'https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/impact-of-covid-19-outbreak'
		],
		(int) 3 => [
			'title' => 'Attukal Pongala Festival',
			'catname' => 'News Analysis',
			'desc' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>In Thiruvananthapuram, Kerela, the annual &ldquo;Attukal Pongala&rdquo;, one of the largest all-women religious congregations, began recently amid the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/coronavirus-disease-named-covid-19" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>COVID-19</strong></a> <strong>virus</strong> threat.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Pongala is a <strong>ten-day- long festival</strong> of<strong> Attukal Bhagavathy Temple.</strong></li>
<li>The festival commences with the musical rendering of the story of the <strong>Goddess (Kannaki Charitam) during the "Kappu Kettu ceremony".</strong></li>
<li>The story invokes the presence of Kodungallur Bhagavathy and the <strong>slaying of the Pandyan King.</strong> This festival commemorates the victory of Good over Evil, by the slaying of Pandyan King.</li>
<li>The event of the Goddess annihilating the Pandyan King is accompanied by much sound and fury of the temple drums and "Vaykurava" by devotees, immediately followed by the lighting of the hearths for the preparation of the offering for the Goddess.</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Pongala</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Pongala, which means <strong>'to boil over&rsquo;,</strong> is the ritual in which women prepare sweet payasam (a pudding made from rice, jaggery, coconut and plantains cooked together) and offer it to the Goddess or &lsquo;Bhagavathy&rsquo;.</li>
<li>The pongala is cooked in pots &ndash; preferably earthen.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>Attukal Bhagavathy temple</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>This temple is dedicated to <strong>Goddess Bhagavathy.</strong></li>
<li>Also known as <strong>&ldquo;the Sabarimala of Women''</strong>, this temple attracts the biggest set of women devotees for the annual Attukal Pongala festival.</li>
<li>Attukal Devi temple and its main festival Attukal Pongala reached <strong>Guinness Book of World Records</strong> of largest annual gathering of women, when 1.5 million (15 Lakhs) women offered pongala on February 23, 1997 and on March 10, 2009, when over 2.5 million people took part in it.</li>
<li>The temple is built with elements of<strong> Kerala architectural style and Tamil architectural style as well.</strong></li>
<li>Tha main building also comprises Goddess Kali, Goddess Parvathy, Lord Shiva, Goddess Sri Rajarajeswari and several others.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Kerala Architectural Style</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It displays certain variation on plan and elevation from its counterparts on the eastern coast of south India.</li>
<li>These variations are mainly owing to <strong>distinct climatic conditions</strong> and the employment of different building materials along with the native systems of beliefs and culture.</li>
<li>Kerala temples have a distinct style of their own by the<strong> lavish use of wood, stone and metals.</strong></li>
<li>Wood is used for making Temples because of rich forest cover.</li>
<li>The base structure of the temple is made using <strong>granite and laterite.</strong></li>
<li>The roof may have <strong>one, two or even three stories.</strong></li>
<li>The shape of the roof depends on the plan of the sanctum below.</li>
<li>The steep and needle like roof is made of wood and is covered with copper plates in order<strong> to protect the inner skeletal framework from the vigorous monsoons.</strong></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/pongala-offered-amid-covid-19-fears/article31027269.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source : TH</strong></a></p>',
			'postdate' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
			'url' => 'https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/attukal-pongala-festival'
		],
		(int) 4 => [
			'title' => 'CPCB  Notifies Contaminated Sites',
			'catname' => 'News Analysis',
			'desc' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>According to the <strong>Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB),</strong> there are 128 sites in India contaminated by<strong> toxic and hazardous substances.</strong></li>
<li><strong>West Bengal led the list</strong> with 27 sites followed by Odisha at 23.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Incidents of Contamination</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Oil contamination</strong> due to leakage of underground oil pipelines of Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited in Tamil Nadu.</li>
<li><strong>Pesticide and heavy metal contamination</strong> in creeks at Eloor, Kerala.</li>
<li><strong>Chromium contamination</strong> at Rania, Ranipet, Tamil Nadu, and Lohianagar, Uttar Pradesh.</li>
<li>Improperly disposed <strong>electronic waste</strong> lying on the banks of river Ramganga, Moradabad.</li>
<li><strong>Mercury contamination</strong> of the soil at Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, and Ganjam, Odisha.</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>The Central Pollution Control Board</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>CPCB is a<strong> statutory organisation</strong> which was constituted in September, 1974 under the <strong>Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974.</strong></li>
<li>It was entrusted with the powers and functions under the <strong>Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.</strong></li>
<li>It serves as a field formation and also provides technical services to the Ministry of Environment and Forests of the provisions of the <strong>Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.</strong></li>
<li>Principal Functions of the CPCB, as spelt out in the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>to promote cleanliness of streams and wells in different areas of the States by prevention, control and abatement of water pollution.</li>
<li>to improve the quality of air and to prevent, control or abate air pollution in the country.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>India&rsquo;s Record</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Independent organisations have warned that<strong> India has a poor track record</strong> in dealing with chemical accidents.</li>
<li>According to <strong>ToxicsLink,</strong> an organisation that deals with hazardous waste disposal, there have been four major chemical accidents recorded, on average, every month between 2016-2019 and several accidents are not duly recorded.</li>
<li>A committee constituted by the NGT in a report on the state of the management of hazardous waste (HW) in India noted that the <strong>inventory was not very comprehensive.</strong></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/west-bengal-tops-list-in-sites-contaminated-by-toxic-substances/article31026039.ece/amp/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source : TH</strong></a></p>',
			'postdate' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
			'url' => 'https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/cpcb-notifies-contaminated-sites'
		],
		(int) 5 => [
			'title' => 'New Hub Under National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber Physical Systems',
			'catname' => 'News Analysis',
			'desc' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The<strong> Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Ropar, Punjab</strong> is setting up a <strong>Sectoral Application Hub in Technologies for Agriculture and Water.</strong></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The hub is being set up under the <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/national-mission-on-interdisciplinary-cyber-physical-systems" target="_blank" rel="noopener">National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber Physical Systems</a> (NMICPS)</strong> and is granted by Union Government&rsquo;s <strong>Science and Engineering Research Board.</strong></li>
<li>The application hub will bring solutions for <strong>stubble management, water quality improvement </strong>and<strong> mapping of hazardous substances in water.</strong></li>
<li>The hub <strong>aims</strong> at carrying out translational research and work with concerned departments to develop prototypes, products and implementations.</li>
</ul>
<h3>National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber Physical Systems</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It was <strong>launched in 2018</strong> and is implemented by the <strong>Department of Science &amp; Technology</strong> for a period of five years.</li>
<li>NMICPS covers entire India which includes Central Ministries, State Governments, Industry and Academia.</li>
<li><strong>Objectives:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is a <strong>comprehensive mission</strong> which would address technology development, application development, human resource development &amp; skill enhancement, entrepreneurship and start-up development in <strong>Cyber-Physical System (CPS)</strong> and associated technologies.</li>
<li>The mission <strong>aims</strong> at establishing 15 Technology Innovation Hubs (TIH), six Application Innovation Hubs (AIH) and four Technology Translation Research Parks (TTRP).</li>
<li>These Hubs &amp; TTRPs will connect to Academics, Industry, Central Ministries and State Government in developing solutions at reputed academic, R&amp;D and other organizations across the country in a hub and spoke model.</li>
<li>The Hubs &amp; TTRPs have<strong> four focused areas</strong> namely:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Technology Development.</li>
<li>HRD &amp; Skill Development.</li>
<li>Innovation, Entrepreneurship &amp; Start-ups Ecosystem Development.</li>
<li>International Collaborations.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Cyber-Physical Systems</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>These systems <strong>integrate</strong> sensing, computation, control and networking into physical objects and infrastructure, connecting them to the Internet and to each other.</li>
<li><strong>Few Potential applications:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Driverless cars</strong> that communicate securely with each other on smart roads.</li>
<li><strong>Sensors</strong> in the home to detect changing health conditions.</li>
<li><strong>Improving agricultural practices.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Enabling scientists</strong> to address issues arising out of climate change.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Advances in cyber-physical systems will enable capability, adaptability, scalability, resiliency, safety, security and usability that will far exceed the simple embedded systems of today.</li>
</ul>
</div>',
			'postdate' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
			'url' => 'https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/new-hub-under-national-mission-on-interdisciplinary-cyber-physical-systems'
		],
		(int) 6 => [
			'title' => 'Foundation Day of National Archives of India',
			'catname' => 'News Analysis',
			'desc' => '<h3>Why In News</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Recently, on the occasion of <strong>130<sup>th</sup> Foundation Day</strong> of <strong>National Archives of India,</strong> an exhibition <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/100-years-of-jallianwala-bagh-massacre" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>&ldquo;Jallianwala Bagh&rdquo;</strong></a> was inaugurated, to mark the <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/jallianwala-bagh-massacre" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Jallianwala Bagh massacre centenary</a>.</strong></li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The present exhibition is primarily presented with the help of original and digital copies of archival documents relating to the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre available in National Archives of India.</li>
<li>This is an attempt to portray the relentless struggle of the Indian people against the British tyranny through our record holdings.</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>National Archives of India</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The National Archives of India is an attached office under the <strong>Ministry of Culture.</strong> It was established on 11 March 1891 at Kolkata (Calcutta) as the Imperial Record Department.</li>
<li>Following the transfer of the capital from Calcutta to Delhi in 1911, the present building of the National Archives of India was constructed in 1926 which was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens.</li>
<li>The transfer of all records from Calcutta to New Delhi was completed in 1937. It is the <strong>nodal agency</strong> for the implementation of the <strong>Public Records Act, 1993 and Public Record Rules, 1997.</strong></li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1605808" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
			'postdate' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
			'url' => 'https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/foundation-day-of-national-archives-of-india'
		],
		(int) 7 => [
			'title' => 'National Institute of Health & Family Welfare ',
			'catname' => 'News Analysis',
			'desc' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Recently, the <strong>43<sup>rd</sup> Annual Day</strong> of the<strong> National Institute of Health &amp; Family Welfare (NIHFW)</strong> was organised.</li>
<li>On the occasion, the Union Health Minister emphasized that <strong>synergy and cooperation between institutions</strong> needed to counter India&rsquo;s Public Health challenges.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The National Institute of Health &amp; Family Welfare (NIHFW) is situated in Delhi and was<strong> established in 1977.</strong></li>
<li>NIHFW is the premier organisation under Ministry Of Health and Family Welfare for capacity building through training of health professionals, frontline health workers such as <strong>Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs)</strong> and<strong> Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANMs)</strong> and other central and state officers &amp; healthcare staff.</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Accredited Social Health Activist</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>An Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) is a <strong>community health worker</strong> instituted by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) as a <strong>part of the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM).</strong> The mission began in 2005.</li>
<li>ASHAs must primarily be female residents of the village that they have been selected to serve, who are likely to remain in that village for the foreseeable future.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Auxiliary Nurse Midwife</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Auxiliary nurse midwife, commonly known as ANM,</strong> is a village-level female health worker in India who is known as the first contact person between the <strong>community and the health services.</strong></li>
<li>ANMs are regarded as the grass-roots workers in the health organisation pyramid.</li>
<li>Their services are considered <strong>important to provide safe and effective care</strong> to village communities.</li>
<li>The role may help communities achieve the targets of <strong>national health programmes.</strong></li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1605817" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
			'postdate' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
			'url' => 'https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/national-institute-of-health-family-welfare'
		],
		(int) 8 => [
			'title' => 'Climate Change and The Eastern Ghats',
			'catname' => 'News Editorials',
			'desc' => '<div class="border">
<p>This article is based on <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/a-browning-east-the-hindu-editorial-on-climate-change-impact-on-the-eastern-ghats/article30935306.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"A browning east: on climate change and the Eastern Ghats"</a> which was published in The Hindu on February 28, 2020. It talks about the importance of the Eastern Ghats while describing the impact of climate change on the region.</p>
</div>
<p>Spread across some 75,000 sq. km. from Odisha to southern Tamil Nadu, Eastern Ghats play an important dual role in fostering biodiversity and storing energy in trees. The Eastern Ghats consist of different eco-regions with its range from south to north along the east coast of India. The important eco-regions consist of Eastern Highlands moist deciduous forests, East Deccan dry evergreen forests, Deccan thorn scrub forests, shrublands, and South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests. This diverse landscape is home to endemic flora and fauna. Many animals, including tigers and elephants, and some 400 bird species are found in these discontinuous forests that receive an annual average rainfall of 1,200 mm to 1,500 mm. The Eastern Ghats is considered to be a part of India&rsquo;s natural heritage. The broken hill-ranges of the Eastern Ghats spread across Odisha, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu, are home to unique ecosystems.</p>
<p>The Eastern Ghats face a serious threat from climate change. The area has shrunk by 16% over the past century, and just one region, Papikonda National Park, lost about 650 sq. km. over the last twenty years.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1583753569_image1.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1583753569_image1.png" width="537" height="609" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></a></p>
<h3>Concerns Associated with Climate Change</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Loss of Livelihood:</strong> Diminished rainfall can negatively affect the productivity of these forests, in terms of their ability to store carbon, and provide subsistence material. The local forest communities are always dependent on forest produce and other forest resources for sustaining their livelihoods, so if forest productivity is affected by climate change then this will directly have an impact on the well-being of the local communities.</li>
<li><strong>Loss of Biodiversity:</strong> a rise in seasonal temperature, causes reduced plant species diversity and provides a dominant role for herbs over trees.</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Eastern Ghats - Challenges Today</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Tremendous stress, degradation and damage due to human greed, population pressure, unsustainable development, apathy by public, negligence by public servants, etc.</li>
<li>Haphazard mining, logging, poaching, forest fires, unsustainable harvest of forest produce, pilferage of rare species, smuggling and export of rare flora and fauna, encroachments of forest land and infrastructure development industrialization, springing up of habitations with an intention to colonize and devour the forest.</li>
<li>Though Eastern Ghats is a rich and diverse eco-geographic unit, it has not caught the attention for conservation and to be protected as a prominent eco-geographic unit. For ages the hill ranges have not been viewed as one entity since they are dissected by river gaps, wetland and planes.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>Degrading Forest Cover and Paris Agreement</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Such large scale destruction of forest and tree cover goes against India&rsquo;s commitments to the Paris Agreement on Climate Change; under which India committed to create an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tones through enhanced forest and tree cover.</li>
<li>While the commitment is to increase forest cover through Afforestation forest cover in the Eastern Ghats is being reduced at an alarming rate mainly due to anthropogenic <strong>stress, rapid and unsustainable economic development</strong>.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Preserving the Eastern Ghats: Steps To Be Taken</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Promotion of sustainable use of forest resources should be done in order to counter overexploitation.</li>
<li>Government should incentivize settled agriculture in order to counter the impact of shifting agriculture because the practice of shifting agriculture will directly contribute to deforestation.
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Improving tree cover nationally can confer multiple benefits, including modulation of the monsoon, improved air quality and wider spaces for biodiversity to persist.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Government should finance the usage of indigenous plants and trees for restoring and strengthening the peripheral areas of the forest of Eastern Ghats by tapping into the International Climate Fund available.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Conclusion</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Measures should be taken to protect endemism, rarity, endangered species; species which are or may become threatened with extinction and centres of the evolution of domesticated species, are critical for maintaining the range and pace of evolution and speciation.</li>
<li>Conservation of their eco-systems like wildlife Corridors, specialised ecosystems, and special breeding site/area, areas with intrinsically low resilience, sacred groves and frontier forests etc. is also very important. Geomorphological conditions which are known to have substantial effect on eco-systems at large include uninhabited islands in the sea, steep slopes, origins or rivers which are also to be conserved.</li>
<li>There is a need for concerted and macro-level conservation movement by the involvement of all stakeholders especially the public. Collectivizing or binding all individuals and civil society groups into a network will bring much focus and strength to the cause.</li>
</ul>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #c8f3f7; border-color: #0396a3;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 100%;"><em><strong>Mains Question:</strong></em><br /><br />Explain the significance of the Eastern Ghats for India. Suggest steps that can be taken to conserve the biodiversity of the region.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>',
			'postdate' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
			'url' => 'https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/climate-change-and-the-eastern-ghats'
		],
		(int) 9 => [
			'title' => 'Illegal Trade of Red Panda',
			'catname' => 'News Analysis',
			'desc' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/traffic" target="_blank" rel="noopener">trade monitoring network TRAFFIC</a> has released a report titled <strong>&ldquo;Assessment of illegal trade-related threats to Red Panda in India and selected neighbouring range countries&rdquo;</strong> recently.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The report has analysed poaching and illegal trade of the species <strong>for the ten-year period from July 2010 to June 2019</strong>.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Findings</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The red panda survival is <strong>crucial for the eastern and north-eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests and the eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests</strong>.</li>
<li>The animal has been <strong>hunted for meat and fur, besides illegal capture for the pet trade</strong>.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>An estimated <strong>14,500 animals are left</strong> in the wild across Nepal, Bhutan, India, China and Myanmar.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The report has indicated that the <strong>traditional demand for red panda meat and related products</strong> has <strong>reduced</strong> over time.</li>
<li>Also, the reduction in poaching and illegal trade of red panda is indicative of the <strong>success of awareness campaigns</strong> about the conservation of the species.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Recommendations</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Community-based conservation</strong> and protection for the species as its habitat stretches across remote areas.</li>
<li><strong>Trans-boundary law enforcement co-operation</strong> through the use of multi-government platforms like <strong>SAWEN (South Asia Wildlife Enforcement Network)</strong>.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>SAWEN was formally established at an inter-governmental meeting hosted in Paro (a town in Bhutan) by the Royal Government of Bhutan, in January <strong>2011</strong>.</li>
<li>It aims to establish <strong>multilateral collaboration to fight wildlife crime</strong> in the region.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Red Panda<a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1583748707_image2.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1583748707_image2.png" style="float: right;" /></a></h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The red panda is a <strong>small reddish-brown arboreal mammal</strong>.</li>
<li>The only living member of the <strong>genus Ailurus</strong>.</li>
<li>It is also the state animal of <strong>Sikkim</strong>.</li>
<li>It is listed as <strong>Endangered in the IUCN</strong> red list of Threatened Species and under <strong>Schedule I of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972</strong>.</li>
<li>It is found in the forests of <strong>India, Nepal, Bhutan and the northern mountains of Myanmar and southern China</strong>.</li>
<li>It thrives best at 2,200-4,800m, in <strong>mixed deciduous and conifer forests</strong> with dense understories of bamboo.</li>
<li>In India, About 5,000-6,000 red pandas are estimated to be present in <strong>Sikkim, western Arunachal Pradesh, Darjeeling district of West Bengal and parts of Meghalaya</strong>.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>This is the second-largest population after China (6,000-7,000).</li>
<li>Red pandas have been reported from 11 districts of <strong>Arunachal Pradesh</strong>, which is <strong>presumed to hold the largest red panda population in the country</strong>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>TRAFFIC &ndash; The Wildlife Trade Monitoring Network</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>TRAFFIC is a leading <strong>non-governmental organisation</strong> working globally on trade in wild animals and plants in the context of both biodiversity conservation and sustainable development.</li>
<li>It is a joint program of <strong>WWF and IUCN</strong> &ndash; the International Union for Conservation of Nature created in 1976.</li>
<li>TRAFFIC focuses on leveraging resources, expertise and awareness of the latest globally urgent species trade issues such as tiger parts, elephant ivory and rhino horn.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/though-hunters-lose-interest-in-red-panda-traps-still-snare-endangered-mammal/article31017091.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
			'postdate' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
			'url' => 'https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/illegal-trade-of-red-panda'
		],
		(int) 10 => [
			'title' => 'Warli Adivasi Revolt',
			'catname' => 'News Analysis',
			'desc' => '<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>In <strong>1945</strong>, it began in <strong>Zari village, Talasari taluka (Maharashtra)</strong>.</li>
<li>Affected from the exploitation from the landlords and money-lenders, nearly 5,000 indentured tribals gathered and refused to work on landlords&rsquo; fields until they received 12 annas a day in wages.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Their resistance sowed the first seeds of <strong>rights-based movements</strong> among the region&rsquo;s indigenous communities.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Women played an important role</strong> in the revolt and helped the men in all possible aspects.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The involvement of the women was supported by the <strong>Kisan Sabha leader, Godaveri Parulekar,</strong> also known as <strong>Godutai</strong> (elder sister) by the Adivasis.</li>
<li>Women followed her and spoke at meetings about the oppression they faced and encouraged other women to join the struggle.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Warli Tribe<a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1583749958_image4.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1583749958_image4.png" width="374" height="202" style="float: right;" /></a></h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>They are spread across Thane, Nashik and Dhule districts of <strong>Maharashtra</strong>, Valsad district of <strong>Gujarat, Karnataka, Goa</strong> and the Union Territories of <strong>Dadra &amp; Nagar Haveli and Daman &amp; Diu</strong>.</li>
<li>They are <strong>small-scale cultivators</strong> and cultivate <strong>rice, pulses and vegetables</strong>. They also sell <strong>toddy, mahua</strong> and <strong>fuelwood</strong> to their tribesmen and neighbouring communities for a living.</li>
<li>Warli are <strong>nature worshippers</strong>.</li>
<li><strong>Warli art</strong> stems from their belief system shaped by their centuries-old subsistence on forest land.</li>
<li>They <strong>did not have a written word</strong> until recent times and their art was a way of transmitting their belief systems from one generation to the next.</li>
<li>Their drawings revolve around <strong>community traditions,</strong> the tools they use and their association with nature.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/home-of-warli-adivasi-revolt-talasaris-loyalty-to-the-left-deepens-6305986/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: IE</strong></a></p>',
			'postdate' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
			'url' => 'https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/warli-adivasi-revolt'
		],
		(int) 11 => [
			'title' => 'Commercial Cord Blood Banking',
			'catname' => 'News Analysis',
			'desc' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Recently there has been growing concern regarding the aggressively promoted concept of cord blood banking.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Over the past decade, stem cell banking has been aggressively marketed even as its use is still in experimental stages.</li>
<li>The stem cell banking companies get access to data of to-be parents and start approaching their prospective customers much before the delivery and offer competitive packages.</li>
<li>Companies convince parents to bank the cells for several years promising future therapeutic use.</li>
<li>Enormous fees are charged from parents to preserve cells merely by emotional marketing.</li>
<li>However, according to <strong>Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)</strong>, there is <strong>no scientific basis</strong> for preservation of cord blood for future self use and this practice therefore raises ethical and social concerns.</li>
<li>The ICMR does <strong>not recommend commercial stem cell banking</strong>.</li>
<li>Private storage of the cord blood is advisable when there is an elder child in the family with a condition treatable with these cells and the mother is expecting the next baby.</li>
<li>In other situations, parents should be educated about the limitations of banking at this point of time.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Cord Blood Banking</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Cord blood is the blood from the baby that is left in the umbilical cord and placenta after birth. Cord blood banking involves taking the <strong>umbilical cord blood,</strong> which is a rich source of stem cells, and preserving it for future use.</li>
<li>It contains special cells called hematopoietic stem cells that can be used to treat some types of diseases.</li>
<li><strong>Hematopoietic stem cells</strong> can mature into different types of blood cells in the body.</li>
<li>Globally, cord blood banking is recommended as a source of <strong>hematopoietic stem cell (derived from bone marrow, peripheral blood, or umbilical cord blood)</strong> transplantation for haematological cancers and disorders where its use is recommended.</li>
<li>For all other conditions, the use of cord blood as a source of stem cells is not yet established.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Stem Cells</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Stem cells are special human cells that have the ability to develop into <strong>many different cell types</strong>, from muscle cells to brain cells.</li>
<li>Stem cells are divided into <strong>two main forms- Embryonic stem cells</strong> and <strong>Adult Stem Cells</strong>.</li>
<li><strong>Embryonic stem cells</strong> come from <strong>unused embryos</strong> resulting from an <strong>in vitro fertilization</strong> procedure and that are donated to science. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>These embryonic stem cells are <strong>pluripotent,</strong> meaning that they can turn into more than one type of cell.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Adult Stem Cells:</strong> There are <strong>two types</strong> of adult stem cells. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>One type comes from fully <strong>developed tissues</strong>, like the brain, skin, and bone marrow.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>There are only <strong>small numbers</strong> of stem cells in these tissues, and they are more likely to generate only certain types of cells.</li>
<li>For example, a stem cell derived from the liver will only generate more liver cells.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The second type is induced <strong>pluripotent stem</strong> cells.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>These are adult stem cells that have been <strong>manipulated in a laboratory</strong> to take on the pluripotent characteristics of embryonic stem cells.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Indian Council of Medical Research</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>ICMR is the <strong>apex body</strong> in India for <strong>formulation, coordination and promotion of biomedical research</strong>.</li>
<li>Its mandate is to conduct, coordinate and implement medical research for the benefit of the Society; translating medical innovations into products/processes and introducing them into the public health system.</li>
<li>it is funded by the Government of India through the <strong>Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health &amp; Family Welfare</strong>.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/states/doctors-forum-dispels-beliefs-on-commercial-cord-blood-banking/article31018528.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
			'postdate' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
			'url' => 'https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/commercial-cord-blood-banking'
		],
		(int) 12 => [
			'title' => 'National Conference on Women in Police and CAPFs',
			'catname' => 'News Analysis',
			'desc' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&amp;D)</strong> organised the <strong>National Conference on Women in Police and <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/central-armed-police-force-capf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs)</a> in New Delhi</strong>.</li>
<li>It was inaugurated by the <strong>Union Minister for Women And Child Development</strong>.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The main objective of the National Conference was to discuss and deliberate on the following <strong>two themes</strong>:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Cyber Stalking and Bullying of Women:</strong> Steps for Protection</li>
<li>Challenges faced by <strong>CAPF Women in Operational Areas</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Few important issues related to women in Police which were highlighted during the conference are:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Workplace harassment besides cyber crime.</li>
<li>Society should not look at the working <strong>women with bias</strong> and hold the performance of men to be the only benchmark for success.</li>
<li>Training of members of the <strong>Child Welfare Committees (CWC)</strong>.</li>
<li>The need to <strong>train more female forensic investigators and cyber crime experts</strong>.</li>
<li>BPR&amp;D was also advised to make an SoP for <strong>&ldquo;One Stop Centre for Women&rdquo;</strong>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>To commemorate this event, a hand-out &ndash; &ldquo;BPR&amp;D Mirror &ndash; Gender Benders&rdquo; was released,</strong> which stated the recent initiatives taken by BPR&amp;D <strong>to promote Woman Safety</strong>.</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&amp;D)</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Government of India established the Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&amp;D), under the Ministry of Home Affairs in the 1970s.</li>
<li>It replaced the Police Research and Advisory Council (1966), with the primary objective of <strong>modernization of police force</strong>.</li>
<li>In 1995 Government of India decided to entrust issues relating to <strong>Correctional Administration Work</strong> to the BPR&amp;D.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Thereby BPR&amp;D has to ensure the implementation of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/sc-panel-recommendations-on-prison-reforms" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>prison reforms</strong></a> as well.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The Government of India further decided to create a National Police Mission under the administrative control of BPR&amp;D to transform the police forces in the country.</li>
<li>Recently, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/50th-foundation-day-of-bureau-of-police-research-and-development" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>BPR&amp;D observed its 50<sup>th</sup> foundation day</strong></a>.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Child Welfare Committees (CWC)</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The <strong>Child Welfare Committee (CWC)</strong> is constituted under the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/gom-reviews-amendments-to-the-jj-act-2015" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015</strong></a>. It is the sole authority to deal with matters concerning children in need of care and protection.</li>
<li>The Committee is constituted for each district or group of districts.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1605669" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
			'postdate' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
			'url' => 'https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/national-conference-on-women-in-police-and-capfs'
		],
		(int) 13 => [
			'title' => 'Super Seven',
			'catname' => 'News Analysis',
			'desc' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Prime Minister of India on 8<sup>th</sup> March 2020 marked <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/international-womens-day" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>International Women&rsquo;s Day</strong></a> by handing over control of his social media accounts to seven women achievers.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1583746582_Super%20Seven.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1583746582_Super Seven.jpg" width="625" height="606" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></a></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Namda Traditional Art<a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1583743043_image2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1583743043_image2.jpg" width="324" height="243" style="float: right;" /></a></strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Namda is a local term used for <strong>traditional felted wool floor coverings,</strong> made out of a coarse variety of wool.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Namda comes from the root word <strong>Namata (Sanskrit for woollen stuff)</strong>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Namda making is <strong>practised as a craft</strong> in several cultures, especially in the countries throughout Asia, viz. <strong>Iran, Afghanistan and India</strong>.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Srinagar in Kashmir and Tonk in Rajasthan</strong> are the two major namda making centres in India.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>In India, it is known to have come from Iran and was actively promoted in the state under the patronage of the Mughal monarchs and the Rajput royals.</li>
<li><strong>Rich hues and exquisite designing</strong> are the hallmarks of the handcrafted Namda.</li>
<li>Unique themes and <strong>floral patterns</strong> provide the themes for these masterpieces and <strong>flowers and leaves, buds and fruits</strong> are the essence of the designs.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Banjara Community</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The word <strong>&lsquo;banjara&rsquo;</strong> is derived from <strong>Vanaj</strong> meaning <strong>to trade</strong>, and <strong>Jara</strong> meaning to <strong>travel</strong>.</li>
<li>Banjara (sometimes called <strong>Gypsies</strong>) is a <strong>nomadic tribe of India</strong> and were the vital supply chain for villages.<a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1583746850_image5.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1583746850_image5.png" style="float: right; margin: 5px;" width="312" height="206" caption="false" /></a><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>They were <strong>commercial nomads</strong>, that is, hundreds of years ago they distributed salt and other essential items to interior villages, but they did have a connection with the land.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The Banjaras were among many tribes that resisted the British attempt to seize their lands for plantations and enrol them as labour.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Their constant revolt frustrated the British, and in 1871, the Banjaras and several other tribes were brought under the <strong>Criminal Tribes Act</strong>.</li>
<li>The community was denotified in the 1950s but were listed under the <strong>Habitual Offenders Act, 1952</strong>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>With <strong>roots in Rajasthan,</strong> Banjaras now live in several states and are known by different names like <strong>Lambada or Lambadi in Andhra Pradesh, Lambani in Karnataka; Gwar or Gwaraiya in Rajasthan</strong> etc.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>They are listed in various States as Scheduled Caste (SC), Scheduled Tribe (ST), Other Backward Class (OBC) and as Vimukta Jati/denotified tribes.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The language of Banjara is known as <strong>&ldquo;Gorboli&rdquo; &ldquo;Gor mati Boli&rdquo; </strong>or<strong> &ldquo;Brinjari&rdquo; an independent dialect</strong>.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The dialect falls in the category of <strong>Indo-Aryan language</strong>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Foodbank India</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The <strong>India Food Banking Network (IFBN)</strong> is evolving an ecosystem for <strong>food security interventions</strong> to support thousands of feeding programmes in India by bringing the government, private sector and NGOs together to fight hunger and malnutrition in India.</li>
<li><strong>Vision:</strong> To have a <strong>hunger and malnutrition free India</strong> which falls in line with the <a href="/loksabha-rajyasabha-discussions/in-depth-indias-sustainable-development-goals" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Sustainable Development Goals</strong> </a><strong>(SDG 2- Zero Hunger by 2030)</strong>.</li>
<li>It aims to achieve the vision by establishing a strong and efficient network of FoodBanks throughout the country so that <strong>every district has access to at least one FoodBank by 2030</strong>.</li>
<li>It is a <strong>multi-stakeholder partnership</strong> of global, domestic and local community partners who contribute voluntarily to support the humanitarian and development projects.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/pm-modiss-social-media-swap-gets-thumbs-up/article31017628.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
			'postdate' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
			'url' => 'https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/super-seven'
		],
		(int) 14 => [
			'title' => 'Unutilised Budgetary Funds in Education',
			'catname' => 'News Analysis',
			'desc' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/cabinet-committee-on-investment-and-growth" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Parliamentary Standing Committee</a> on Human Resource Development (HRD) has presented a report on the <strong>2020-2021 demand for grants for school education</strong> in the Rajya Sabha.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The report identifies <strong>shortfalls in budgetary funding and utilisation,</strong> resulting in <strong>critical infrastructure gaps</strong> in the government schools in India.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points<a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1583740769_image2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1583740769_image2.jpg" width="465" height="399" style="float: right;" /></a></h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Reduction in Finance:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The budgetary allocations experienced a <strong>27% cut from proposals</strong> made by the School Education department.</li>
<li>Similarly, <strong>27% of reductions</strong> have been observed in the fund needed for the <strong>implementation of Central and Centrally Sponsored Schemes</strong>.</li>
<li>Also, the government has spent only 71% of allotted funds for the core <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/samagra-shiksha" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Samagra Shiksha Scheme</a> until December 31, 2019.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Access to Electricity and Playground:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Almost <strong>half of the government schools</strong> in the country <strong>do not have any electricity or playgrounds</strong>.</li>
<li><strong>Only 56% of schools have electricity,</strong> with the lowest rates in Manipur and Madhya Pradesh, where less than 20% have access to power.</li>
<li><strong>Less than 57% of schools have playgrounds,</strong> including less than 30% of schools in Odisha and Jammu and Kashmir.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Overall Infrastructure:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>A <strong>dismal rate of progress has been observed in building classrooms, labs and libraries</strong> to strengthen government higher secondary schools.</li>
<li><strong>Almost 40% of schools did not have a boundary wall,</strong> endangering the safety of students and school property.</li>
<li>The <strong>higher secondary schools experienced greater infrastructural gaps</strong> compared to secondary schools and primary schools.</li>
<li>Also, <strong>less than 5% of proposed infrastructure</strong> facilities such as ramps and special toilets <strong>for differently-abled students</strong> have been completed in the government schools.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Recommendations</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Additional funds for implementation of the core schemes</strong> such as Samgra Shiksha Abhiyan.</li>
<li><strong>Collaboration of HRD Ministry with the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/fund-crunch-in-mgnrega" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS)</a></strong> to construct boundary walls and other infrastructure facilities.</li>
<li><strong>Collaboration with the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy</strong> to provide solar energy and other renewable energy sources so that schools have access to power.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/over-40-govt-schools-dont-have-power-playgrounds-parliamentary-panel/article31016879.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
			'postdate' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
			'url' => 'https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/unutilised-budgetary-funds-in-education'
		],
		(int) 15 => [
			'title' => 'Kyasanur Forest Disease',
			'catname' => 'News Analysis',
			'desc' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>There is a proposal to set up a research centre on <strong>Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD) in Sagar, Karnataka</strong>.</li>
<li>The State government has already allocated <strong>₹15 crore</strong> for establishing the centre, which will take up study and research on tackling KFD.</li>
</ul>
<h3><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1583738948_image1.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1583738948_image1.jpg" width="648" height="501" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></a></h3>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It is caused by <strong>Kyasanur Forest disease Virus (KFDV)</strong>, a member of the virus family <strong>Flaviviridae</strong>.</li>
<li>It was first identified in 1957 in a sick monkey from the <strong>Kyasanur Forest in Karnataka</strong>. Since then, between <strong>400-500 human cases per year</strong> have been reported.</li>
<li>KFD is endemic to the Indian state of Karnataka. It is also referred to as <strong>monkey fever</strong> by locals.</li>
<li>Rodents, shrews, and monkeys are common hosts for KFDV after being bitten by infected Hard ticks (Haemaphysalis Spinigera). KFDV can cause epizootics (outbreak of disease in animals) with high fatality in primates.</li>
<li><strong>Transmission:</strong> To humans, it may occur after a tick bite or contact with an infected animal (a sick or recently dead monkey).</li>
<li><strong>Signs and Symptoms:</strong> After an incubation period of 3-8 days, the symptoms like chills, fever, headache, severe muscle pain, vomiting, gastrointestinal symptoms and bleeding may occur. Patients may experience abnormally low blood pressure, and low platelet, red blood cell, and white blood cell counts.</li>
<li><strong>Diagnosis:</strong> It can be diagnosed in the early stage of illness by molecular detection by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) or virus isolation from blood. Later, serologic testing using enzyme-linked immunosorbent serologic assay (ELISA) can be performed.</li>
<li><strong>Treatment and Prevention:</strong> There is no specific treatment for KFD although vaccine is available.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/kfd-research-centre-will-come-up-in-sagar-yediyurappa/article30777983.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
			'postdate' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
			'url' => 'https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/kyasanur-forest-disease-1'
		],
		(int) 16 => [
			'title' => 'The Yes Bank Crisis',
			'catname' => 'News Editorials',
			'desc' => '<div class="border">
<p>This article is based on <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/banking-on-bailouts-the-hindu-editorial-on-yes-bank-crisis/article31003751.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Banking on bailouts: On Yes Bank crisis</strong></a>, <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/editorials/yes-bank-crisis-reserve-bank-of-india-rbi-sbi-6302977/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Yes bank, no bank</strong></a>. It talks about the collapse of Yes Bank.</p>
</div>
<p>Within months of a <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/co-operative-banking-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>small cooperative bank fallout in India</strong></a>, major private player Yes Bank (India's fifth largest private sector bank) has also come under the RBI action for mounting bad loans. In order to save Yes Bank from collapsing and to preserve people&rsquo;s trust in the Indian banking system, RBI has taken several measures.</p>
<h3>What steps RBI has taken?</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>First, the Reserve Bank of India has taken over the YES Bank management.</li>
<li>It has imposed a moratorium whose cash withdrawal limit has been capped at Rs 50,000.</li>
<li>The RBI used the instrument of moral suasion on the SBI to acquire the Yes bank.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Moral Suasion &ndash;</strong> is a qualitative control method of the <strong>RBI.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Moral Suasion</strong> means the use of compulsion or informal suggestion by the <strong>RBI</strong> on Commercial banks for the condition of Credit Policy.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The RBI announced a draft &lsquo;Scheme of Reconstruction&rsquo; that entails the State Bank of India (SBI) investing capital to acquire a 49% stake in the restructured private lender.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Why Yes bank collapsed?</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Domino effect of IL&amp;FS crisis:</strong> Yes Bank illustrates the widening damage from <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/shadow-banking-and-the-crisis-in-the-indian-economy" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>India&rsquo;s shadow banking crisis</strong></a>, which has left the Bank with a growing pile of bad loans.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Yes Bank&rsquo;s total exposure to Infrastructure Leasing &amp; Financial Services<span>(</span>IL&amp;FS) and Dewan Housing Finance Corp&nbsp;(DHFL) was 11.5% as of September 2019.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Rising NPA's:</strong> Apart from these, Yes Bank suffered a dramatic doubling in gross non-performing assets over the April-September 2019 to ₹17,134 crores.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Due to this, Yes Bank was unable to raise capital to shore up its balance sheet.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Vicious cycle:</strong> Decline in the financial position of Yes Bank has triggered invocation of bond covenants by investors (redeeming of bonds), and withdrawal of deposits.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The bank was facing regular outflow of liquidity. It means that the bank was witnessing withdrawal of deposits from customers.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Governance issues:</strong> The bank has also experienced serious governance issues and practices in recent years which have led to a steady decline of the bank.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>For instance, the bank under-reported NPAs to the tune of Rs 3,277 crore in 2018-19.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Effect of Yes bank Crisis</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>This revived the theory of <strong>India's Lehman Moment.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The government took over IL&amp;FS in 2018 in an effort to reassure creditors after the defaults. Also, in 2019, the RBI seized control of another struggling shadow lender, Dewan Housing Finance Corp., to initiate bankruptcy proceedings.</li>
<li>The Yes Bank crisis could trigger a domino effect that could lead to the collapse of various other financial institution.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>India's Lehman Moment</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The IL&amp;FS default spooked the markets and raised fears of a Lehman-like crisis, referring to the collapse of the US investment bank Lehman Brothers in 2008-09.</li>
<li>The event rocked global stock markets and led to the biggest financial crash (Global financial crisis) since the Great Depression 1929.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Yes Bank Crisis reflects badly on<strong>&nbsp;RBI egregious on two counts:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>The unjustifiable delay:</strong> After being sluggish in identifying governance faultlines among IL&amp;FS, DHFL, and now Yes Bank, RBI was slow to act.</li>
<li><strong>Erosion of depositor faith:</strong> Even after RBI's takeover of Yes Bank, the news of limiting withdrawals at Rs 50,000, has led to long queues of people claiming their money back.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Capping withdrawals for depositors for Punjab and Maharashtra Cooperative Bank was bad enough. Using the same principle for Yes Bank will only serve to erode the faith of depositors in private banks in general and the banking regulator in particular.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The choice of SBI as the investor to effect the bailout reflects the <strong>paucity of options the government.</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Owing to the recent announcement of the merger of banks, the majority of PSBs are in a transition period. After the merger, PSB will be reduced from 21 to 12.</li>
<li>Thus, the onus has fallen on India's largest bank (SBI) to play the role of a white knight (in economic terms it means a firm that saves a weaker firm from economic crisis) for Yes bank.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>It will also have <strong>adverse impacts on the Banking sector.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>One, people will gravitate towards public sector banks which are already reluctant to provide credit.&nbsp;</li>
<li>Two, private banks will be forced to offer higher deposit rates, keeping the cost of credit higher.</li>
<li>Thereby banks will not be able to cater the credit requirement which is a prerequisite to realise the dream of becoming a $5 trillion economy by 2024-2025.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Effect of Indian Economy:</strong> Collapse of Yes Bank is highly undesirable, at a juncture when the growth in the Indian economy has dropped to 5%.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Way Forward</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Yes Bank crisis is not exactly new or unique and its problems with mounting bad loans reflect the underlying woes in the financial sector ranging from real estate to power and non-banking financial companies.</li>
<li>Thus, Yes Bank crisis should be seen as a good opportunity for the various stakeholders:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>For RBI to review its <a href="/to-the-points/paper3/prompt-corrective-action-pca" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Prompt Corrective Action framework.</strong></a></li>
<li>For the Government to carry out<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/need-to-reform-financial-policy" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> governance reforms</strong></a> in the financial sector.</li>
<li>For commercial banks and shadow banking institutions to implement <strong>prudential norms in events of providing loans.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 100%; border-style: dotted; border-color: #ff0000; background-color: #f2ebcb;">
<p><span style="color: #333399;">Drishti Mains Question</span></p>
<p>Reflect on the underlying problems in India&rsquo;s financial sector.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>',
			'postdate' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
			'url' => 'https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/the-yes-bank-crisis'
		],
		(int) 17 => [
			'title' => 'Katchatheevu Island',
			'catname' => 'News Analysis',
			'desc' => '<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It is an <strong>uninhabited off-shore island in the Palk Strait</strong> originally owned by a king of<strong> Ramnad</strong> (present-day <strong>Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu</strong>).</li>
<li>The island is used by fishermen to dry their nets.</li>
<li>During the British rule, it was <strong>administered jointly by India and Sri Lanka.</strong></li>
<li>In the early 20<sup>th</sup> century, <strong>Sri Lanka claimed territorial ownership</strong> over the islet, so <strong>in 1974 India</strong> ceded the island to Sri Lanka, through a <strong>joint agreement.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Two years later through another accord, <strong>India further gave up its fishing rights</strong> in the region.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1583578009_image3.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1583578009_image3.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="350" caption="false" /></a></p>',
			'postdate' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
			'url' => 'https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/katchatheevu-island'
		],
		(int) 18 => [
			'title' => 'SC Order on Land Acquisition',
			'catname' => 'News Analysis',
			'desc' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the<strong> Supreme Court of India</strong> reaffirmed its February 2018 ruling on <strong>Section 24 on land acquisition compensation awards</strong> in the Indore Development Authority case.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The five-judge Bench also overruled an earlier 2014 ruling under the <strong>Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act of 2013.</strong></li>
</ul>
<h3>Background</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The<strong> 2013 Act replaced the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 (1894 Act)</strong> and provides for higher compensation to those deprived of land by the government for both public and private sector projects.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It also mandates consent of a majority of land-owners and contains provisions for rehabilitation and resettlement.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Under <strong>Section 24(2) of the 2013 Act,</strong> land acquisition made under the old law of 1894 lapses if the award of c<strong>ompensation had been made five years before the new Act</strong> came into force, but <strong>has not been paid.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>In such situations, the process will start afresh under the new Act, which <strong>mandates higher compensation.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>However, there are cases of farmers and landowners refusing compensation which delays the possession by the government.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>In such cases, the compensation is deposited in the government treasury and according to one interpretation, the acquisition process is saved.</li>
<li>This interpretation has been contended on the basis that such cases will fall under the new Act because compensation has not been paid to the landowners, and the lapsing clause in Section 24 should be applied.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>If a long-pending land acquisition process closes under the old law and fresh acquisition proceedings start under the new one, the land-owners will benefit and project proponents will have to pay higher compensation.</li>
<li>In the <strong>Pune Municipal Corporation vs Harakchand Misirimal Solanki case 2014, </strong>a<strong> three-judge bench</strong> held that acquisition proceedings initiated under the 1894 Act, which were initiated five years before the 2013 law was enacted (in 2014), would lapse if the land in question was not taken control of or if compensation was not paid to displaced farmers.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The judgment came as a<strong> relief for landowners.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>However, in the <strong>Indore Development Authority vs Shailendra (D) Through LRS &amp; Ors case 2018,</strong> another three-judge bench <strong>declared the 2014 judgment &ldquo;per incuriam&rdquo;.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It held that if a landowner refuses to accept the compensation offered by the developer, they cannot take advantage of their own wrongdoing and have the acquisition proceedings lapse under the old law.</li>
<li>This judgement was a <strong>relief for developers.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Per Incuriam</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It literally translates as "through lack of care".</li>
<li>A judgment can be declared per incuriam if it does not follow a statutory provision or a binding precedent that may have been relevant.</li>
<li>Such judgments can be declared to be without any legal force and are not treated as a valid precedent.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>In the latest ruling, the Bench was interpreting <strong>Section 24 (2)</strong> of the 2013 Act.</li>
<li>The provision said that<strong> if the physical possession of land has not been taken or the compensation is not paid for five or more years</strong> prior to 1<sup>st</sup> January 2014, the acquisition proceeding is <strong>&ldquo;deemed to have lapsed&rdquo;.</strong></li>
<li>The judgment said that the <strong>compensation would be considered paid</strong> if the amount is put in the Treasury.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>There was no obligation that the amount should be deposited in the court in order to sustain the land acquisition proceedings.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Thus, there is <strong>no lapse if</strong> possession has been taken and compensation has not been paid. Similarly, there is no lapse if compensation has been paid and possession not taken of the land.</li>
<li>Further, it was also held that Section 24(2) of the 2013 Act<strong> does not give rise to a new cause of action to question the legality of concluded proceedings</strong> of land acquisition.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/land-acquisition-will-not-lapse-if-relief-is-paid-to-treasury-supreme-court/article31003936.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
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		(int) 19 => [
			'title' => 'AYUSH Grid and NAMASTE Portal',
			'catname' => 'News Analysis',
			'desc' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the Minister of State for <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/national-commission-for-indian-system-of-medicine-bill-2018" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>AYUSH</strong></a> has informed about the development of the <strong>AYUSH Grid and NAMASTE Portal.</strong></p>
<h3>AYUSH Grid</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>AYUSH Grid, initiated by the<strong> Ministry of AYUSH,</strong> aims to<strong> bring onboard all AYUSH</strong> (Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy) <strong>facilities including hospitals and laboratories</strong> and to promote traditional systems of healthcare.</li>
<li>The Ministry of AYUSH and Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology have already inked a pact to <strong>collaborate with each other for the digitisation of the AYUSH sector.</strong></li>
</ul>
<h3>NAMASTE Portal</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>National AYUSH Morbidity and Standardized Terminologies Electronic Portal&nbsp;</strong>(NAMASTE Portal) was launched on <strong>17<sup>th</sup> October, 2017 (2<sup>nd</sup> Ayurveda day).</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The <strong>National Ayurveda Day</strong> is celebrated every year on the occasion of <strong>Dhanwantari Jayanti (Dhanteras).</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The portal provides standardized terminologies &amp; morbidity codes for Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani systems of medicines.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Morbidity codes provide a comprehensive classification of diseases described in the traditional medicines system.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1605619" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:PIB</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 0 => [
		'title' => 'Long Term Reverse Repo Operation',
		'catname' => 'News Analysis',
		'desc' => '<h3>Why in news</h3>
<p>According to the <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-national-institutions/important-institutions-national-institution-reserve-bank-of-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Reserve Bank of India (RBI)</strong></a>, the response to the <strong>Long Term Reverse Repo Operation (LTROs)</strong> has been highly encouraging.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Long Term Reverse Repo Operation (LTRO) is a mechanism <strong>to facilitate the transmission of monetary policy</strong> actions and the flow of credit to the economy. This helps in <strong>injecting liquidity in the banking system.</strong></li>
<li>Funds through LTRO are provided at the repo rate. This means that banks can avail one year and three-year loans at the same interest rate of one day repo. But usually, loans with higher maturity period (here like 1 year and 3 years) will have a higher interest rate compared to short term (repo) loans.</li>
<li>According to the RBI, the LTRO scheme will be in addition to the existing <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/rbi-keeps-policy-rates-unchanged" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF) and the Marginal Standing Facility (MSF)</strong></a> operations.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The LAF and MSF are the two sets of liquidity operations by the RBI with the LAF having a number of tools like repo, reverse repo, term repo etc.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The central bank has been conducting LTROs for one- and three-year tenors of appropriate sizes for up to a total amount of Rs 1,00,000 crore at the policy repo rate from the fortnight beginning February 15, 2020.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The central bank received total bids of ₹1.94 lakh crore, for the three-year repo, compared with the notified amount of ₹25,000 crores.</li>
<li>In yet another (LTROs) ₹48,856 crores worth of bids were conducted for an amount of ₹25,000 crores with a three-year tenor.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>LTROs are conducted on <strong>Core Banking Solution (E-KUBER) platform.</strong> The operations would be conducted at a fixed rate.</li>
<li>The minimum bid amount would be Rs 1 crore and multiples thereof. There will be no restriction on the maximum amount of bidding by individual bidders.</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>E-Kuber</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>e-Kuber is the <strong>Core Banking Solution</strong> of Reserve Bank of India which was <strong>introduced in 2012.</strong></li>
<li>Core Banking Solutions (CBS) can be defined as a solution that enables banks to offer a multitude of customer-centric services on a 24x7 basis from a single location, supporting retail as well as corporate banking activities.</li>
<li>The centralisation thus makes a <strong>&ldquo;one-stop&rdquo; shop for financial services a reality</strong>. Using CBS, customers can access their accounts from any branch, anywhere, irrespective of where they have physically opened their accounts.</li>
<li>Almost all branches of commercial banks, including the Regional Rural Banks (RRBs), are brought into the core-banking fold.</li>
<li>The e-kuber system can be accessed either through <strong>INFINET or Internet.</strong> The INFINET is a Closed User Group Network for the exclusive use of member banks and financial institutions and is the communication backbone for the National Payments System.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>Benefits of the LTROs</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Enhance Liquidity:</strong> It will enhance liquidity in the banking system by Rs 1 lakh crore.</li>
<li><strong>Bring down the cost of funds for banks:</strong> The introduction of long-term repo operations (LTRO) will bring down the cost of funds for banks without effectively cutting deposit rates. This decision is likely to make reverse repo rate as the operative policy rate over a point of time.</li>
<li><strong>Boost Investment:</strong> It is a measure that is expected to bring down short-term rates and also boost investment in corporate bonds.</li>
<li><strong>Ensure banks have durable liquidity:</strong> These efforts are being carried forward with a view to assuring banks about the availability of durable liquidity at a reasonable cost relative to prevailing market conditions.</li>
<li><strong>Ensure credit flow to productive sectors:</strong> This should encourage banks to undertake maturity transformation smoothly and seamlessly so as to augment credit flows to productive sectors.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/business/Economy/rbi-gets-48856-cr-in-bids-for-ltros/article31026008.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 1 => [
		'title' => 'Government to Launch Mahua-based Alcoholic Drink',
		'catname' => 'News Analysis',
		'desc' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The central government is set to launch a <strong>mahua-based alcoholic beverage &lsquo;Mahua Nutribeverage&rsquo;</strong> in the market for the first time.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Beverage will come in <strong>six fruit-based flavours</strong> and will be available at the price of ₹700 for a 750ml bottle.</li>
<li>This is the <strong>first time</strong> that the <strong>Ministry of Tribal Affairs</strong> is getting into bottling and sale of alcoholic beverages.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The beverage has a <strong>high nutritional value</strong> and <strong>relatively low alcohol</strong> content (5%).</li>
<li>It has been developed by the <strong>Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi</strong> in collaboration with the T<a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-national-institutions/apeda-trifed" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>ribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation of India</strong></a> <strong>(TRIFED).</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>TRIFED is a <strong>national-level apex organization</strong> functioning under the administrative control of the Ministry of Tribal Affairs.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>TRIFED has signed a memorandum with the <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/mission-raksha-gyan-shakti-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">National Research Development Corporation</a> (NRDC)</strong> to undertake the assignment of technology transfer to the suitable entrepreneurs for production and marketing of the beverage.</li>
<li>The marketing is being undertaken under the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/van-dhan-internship-programme" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Van Dhan Vikas Karyakram.</strong></a><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is <strong>Tribal Affairs Ministry&rsquo;s value-addition scheme</strong> which was launched in <strong>Chhattisgarh&rsquo;s Bijapur in 2018.</strong></li>
<li>The nation-wide programme earmarked ₹500-600 crore for training tribal clusters to add value to their produce and sell it in a packaged format, aiming to increase their income manifold.</li>
<li>The products marketed under the scheme include only those that need <strong>primary-level processing,</strong> including handicrafts, textiles, food items, jams and pulps and jewellery.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Besides mahua, other tribal staples such as <strong>tamarind and amla</strong> will be de-seeded and brought to the market in the form of candies and jams.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Mahua<a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1583915376_image1.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1583915376_image1.jpg" style="float: right;" width="280" caption="false" /></a></h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Its scientific name is <strong>Madhuca indica.</strong></li>
<li>It is a prominent forest tree in tribal areas of <strong>Bastar (Chhattisgarh)</strong> and plays an important role in the rural economy.</li>
<li>The mahua flowers are a<strong> rich source of sugars</strong> and are said to contain <strong>vitamins, minerals and calcium.</strong></li>
<li>The flowers are fermented and distilled yielding spirituous liquor also known as <strong>&lsquo;country beer&rsquo;.</strong></li>
<li>An <strong>estimated 90% of the annual production</strong> of Mahua flower is used in the process of brewing beverages.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/government-to-launch-mahua-based-alcoholic-drink-6307451/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: IE</strong></a></p>',
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	(int) 2 => [
		'title' => 'Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak',
		'catname' => 'News Analysis',
		'desc' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Stock markets in India crashed on 9<sup>th</sup> March, 2020 as <strong>Sensex</strong> and <strong>Nifty</strong> indices saw their biggest ever fall in absolute terms.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Sensex dropped 1,942 points or 5.17% to 35,635 and the Nifty dropped 538 points to 10,451, wiping out as much as Rs 6.8 lakh crore of investor wealth.</li>
<li>According to the <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-national-institutions/securities-and-exchange-board-of-india-sebi" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)</strong></a>, volatility in stock market is due to <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/the-economic-impact-of-coronavirus" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>perceived economic fallout from COVID-19</strong></a> and <strong>steep fall in global crude prices.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Oil prices also crashed on the same day after the collapse of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) supply cut agreement with Russia.</li>
<li>The price of Brent crude oil fell almost 30% to $31.14 a barrel, its biggest single fall since the start of the first Gulf war (1990-91).</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Sensex</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Sensex, otherwise known as the S&amp;P BSE Sensex index, is the <strong>benchmark index of the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE)</strong> in India.</li>
<li>It comprises <strong>30</strong> of the largest and most actively-traded stocks on the BSE, providing an accurate gauge of India's economy. The index's composition is reviewed in June and December each year.</li>
<li>Initially compiled in 1986, the Sensex is the <strong>oldest stock index in India.</strong></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Nifty</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Nifty is primarily an <strong>equity benchmark index</strong> which was introduced in <strong>1996</strong> by the<strong> National Stock Exchange.</strong></li>
<li>The term Nifty is derived from the combination National and Fifty as Nifty consists of <strong>50 actively traded stocks.</strong> Nifty is an abbreviation of National Stock Exchange Fifty.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>Perceived Economic Fallout From COVID-19</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Fall in economic activities globally:</strong> Falling Chinese exports, faster than expected pace of shrinking of the Japanese economy, increasing cases of Coronavirus outside China, and disruption of global supply chains, have contributed to the panic in the financial markets worldwide.</li>
<li><strong>Investment Outflow:</strong> Selling of securities by foreign institutional investors have contributed to the sharp selloff in Indian markets. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>A sell-off occurs when a large volume of securities are sold in a short period of time. This leads to decline in the price of the security.</li>
<li><strong>Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs)</strong> refer to outside companies investing in the financial markets of India.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Yes Bank Crisis:</strong> The<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/the-yes-bank-crisis" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> Yes Bank crisis</strong></a> has raised concerns over the stability of the country's banking system, adding to the woes of domestic investors.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Fall in Global Crude Prices</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Top crude oil producers Saudi Arabia and Russia have begun a price war. Saudi Arabia slashed its oil prices after it failed to convince Russia to support sharp crude oil production cuts.</li>
<li>A three-year supply pact between members of the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/opec" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)</strong></a> and Russia collapsed after Russia refused to support deeper oil cuts to cope with the substantial fall in demand caused by the impact of coronavirus on travel and economic activity.</li>
<li><strong>Immediate Impact</strong> <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>In the Sensex pack, the Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC) was the worst performer, losing over 16%.</li>
<li>State-owned Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs) have reduced the prices of sensitive petroleum products such as petrol and diesel by 30 paise and 25 paise a litre respectively across major cities.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Long-Term Impact</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The fall in the prices of crude oil goes well for the Indian economy as <strong>India imports more than 80% of its oil requirements.</strong></li>
<li>The savings on oil imports is estimated to be around US $30 billion in the Financial Year 2021 if there is no significant uptick in global demand. This will help in arresting the rising inflation in the country.</li>
<li>However, according to some experts, very low prices imply less growth for emerging countries like India, thus impacting negatively.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Government&rsquo;s Move to Boost Agri-exports</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The central government has identified <strong>21 agricultural products,</strong> including honey, potatoes, grapes, soya beans and groundnuts, in which Indian exports could benefit from trade restrictions against Chinese goods.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Some countries have imposed restrictions on Chinese goods in response to the outbreak of COVID-19.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The total value of China&rsquo;s global exports of these products amounted to $5488.6 million in 2018. India exported $4,445.9 million worth of these commodities in the same period and could now have a chance to grab part of China&rsquo;s market share.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/covid-19-outbreak-could-help-agri-exports/article31026024.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
		'postdate' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'url' => 'https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/impact-of-covid-19-outbreak'
	],
	(int) 3 => [
		'title' => 'Attukal Pongala Festival',
		'catname' => 'News Analysis',
		'desc' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>In Thiruvananthapuram, Kerela, the annual &ldquo;Attukal Pongala&rdquo;, one of the largest all-women religious congregations, began recently amid the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/coronavirus-disease-named-covid-19" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>COVID-19</strong></a> <strong>virus</strong> threat.</p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Pongala is a <strong>ten-day- long festival</strong> of<strong> Attukal Bhagavathy Temple.</strong></li>
<li>The festival commences with the musical rendering of the story of the <strong>Goddess (Kannaki Charitam) during the "Kappu Kettu ceremony".</strong></li>
<li>The story invokes the presence of Kodungallur Bhagavathy and the <strong>slaying of the Pandyan King.</strong> This festival commemorates the victory of Good over Evil, by the slaying of Pandyan King.</li>
<li>The event of the Goddess annihilating the Pandyan King is accompanied by much sound and fury of the temple drums and "Vaykurava" by devotees, immediately followed by the lighting of the hearths for the preparation of the offering for the Goddess.</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Pongala</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Pongala, which means <strong>'to boil over&rsquo;,</strong> is the ritual in which women prepare sweet payasam (a pudding made from rice, jaggery, coconut and plantains cooked together) and offer it to the Goddess or &lsquo;Bhagavathy&rsquo;.</li>
<li>The pongala is cooked in pots &ndash; preferably earthen.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>Attukal Bhagavathy temple</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>This temple is dedicated to <strong>Goddess Bhagavathy.</strong></li>
<li>Also known as <strong>&ldquo;the Sabarimala of Women''</strong>, this temple attracts the biggest set of women devotees for the annual Attukal Pongala festival.</li>
<li>Attukal Devi temple and its main festival Attukal Pongala reached <strong>Guinness Book of World Records</strong> of largest annual gathering of women, when 1.5 million (15 Lakhs) women offered pongala on February 23, 1997 and on March 10, 2009, when over 2.5 million people took part in it.</li>
<li>The temple is built with elements of<strong> Kerala architectural style and Tamil architectural style as well.</strong></li>
<li>Tha main building also comprises Goddess Kali, Goddess Parvathy, Lord Shiva, Goddess Sri Rajarajeswari and several others.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Kerala Architectural Style</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It displays certain variation on plan and elevation from its counterparts on the eastern coast of south India.</li>
<li>These variations are mainly owing to <strong>distinct climatic conditions</strong> and the employment of different building materials along with the native systems of beliefs and culture.</li>
<li>Kerala temples have a distinct style of their own by the<strong> lavish use of wood, stone and metals.</strong></li>
<li>Wood is used for making Temples because of rich forest cover.</li>
<li>The base structure of the temple is made using <strong>granite and laterite.</strong></li>
<li>The roof may have <strong>one, two or even three stories.</strong></li>
<li>The shape of the roof depends on the plan of the sanctum below.</li>
<li>The steep and needle like roof is made of wood and is covered with copper plates in order<strong> to protect the inner skeletal framework from the vigorous monsoons.</strong></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/pongala-offered-amid-covid-19-fears/article31027269.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source : TH</strong></a></p>',
		'postdate' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'url' => 'https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/attukal-pongala-festival'
	],
	(int) 4 => [
		'title' => 'CPCB  Notifies Contaminated Sites',
		'catname' => 'News Analysis',
		'desc' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>According to the <strong>Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB),</strong> there are 128 sites in India contaminated by<strong> toxic and hazardous substances.</strong></li>
<li><strong>West Bengal led the list</strong> with 27 sites followed by Odisha at 23.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Incidents of Contamination</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Oil contamination</strong> due to leakage of underground oil pipelines of Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited in Tamil Nadu.</li>
<li><strong>Pesticide and heavy metal contamination</strong> in creeks at Eloor, Kerala.</li>
<li><strong>Chromium contamination</strong> at Rania, Ranipet, Tamil Nadu, and Lohianagar, Uttar Pradesh.</li>
<li>Improperly disposed <strong>electronic waste</strong> lying on the banks of river Ramganga, Moradabad.</li>
<li><strong>Mercury contamination</strong> of the soil at Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, and Ganjam, Odisha.</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>The Central Pollution Control Board</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>CPCB is a<strong> statutory organisation</strong> which was constituted in September, 1974 under the <strong>Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974.</strong></li>
<li>It was entrusted with the powers and functions under the <strong>Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.</strong></li>
<li>It serves as a field formation and also provides technical services to the Ministry of Environment and Forests of the provisions of the <strong>Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.</strong></li>
<li>Principal Functions of the CPCB, as spelt out in the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>to promote cleanliness of streams and wells in different areas of the States by prevention, control and abatement of water pollution.</li>
<li>to improve the quality of air and to prevent, control or abate air pollution in the country.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>India&rsquo;s Record</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Independent organisations have warned that<strong> India has a poor track record</strong> in dealing with chemical accidents.</li>
<li>According to <strong>ToxicsLink,</strong> an organisation that deals with hazardous waste disposal, there have been four major chemical accidents recorded, on average, every month between 2016-2019 and several accidents are not duly recorded.</li>
<li>A committee constituted by the NGT in a report on the state of the management of hazardous waste (HW) in India noted that the <strong>inventory was not very comprehensive.</strong></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/west-bengal-tops-list-in-sites-contaminated-by-toxic-substances/article31026039.ece/amp/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source : TH</strong></a></p>',
		'postdate' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'url' => 'https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/cpcb-notifies-contaminated-sites'
	],
	(int) 5 => [
		'title' => 'New Hub Under National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber Physical Systems',
		'catname' => 'News Analysis',
		'desc' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The<strong> Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Ropar, Punjab</strong> is setting up a <strong>Sectoral Application Hub in Technologies for Agriculture and Water.</strong></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The hub is being set up under the <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/national-mission-on-interdisciplinary-cyber-physical-systems" target="_blank" rel="noopener">National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber Physical Systems</a> (NMICPS)</strong> and is granted by Union Government&rsquo;s <strong>Science and Engineering Research Board.</strong></li>
<li>The application hub will bring solutions for <strong>stubble management, water quality improvement </strong>and<strong> mapping of hazardous substances in water.</strong></li>
<li>The hub <strong>aims</strong> at carrying out translational research and work with concerned departments to develop prototypes, products and implementations.</li>
</ul>
<h3>National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber Physical Systems</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It was <strong>launched in 2018</strong> and is implemented by the <strong>Department of Science &amp; Technology</strong> for a period of five years.</li>
<li>NMICPS covers entire India which includes Central Ministries, State Governments, Industry and Academia.</li>
<li><strong>Objectives:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It is a <strong>comprehensive mission</strong> which would address technology development, application development, human resource development &amp; skill enhancement, entrepreneurship and start-up development in <strong>Cyber-Physical System (CPS)</strong> and associated technologies.</li>
<li>The mission <strong>aims</strong> at establishing 15 Technology Innovation Hubs (TIH), six Application Innovation Hubs (AIH) and four Technology Translation Research Parks (TTRP).</li>
<li>These Hubs &amp; TTRPs will connect to Academics, Industry, Central Ministries and State Government in developing solutions at reputed academic, R&amp;D and other organizations across the country in a hub and spoke model.</li>
<li>The Hubs &amp; TTRPs have<strong> four focused areas</strong> namely:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Technology Development.</li>
<li>HRD &amp; Skill Development.</li>
<li>Innovation, Entrepreneurship &amp; Start-ups Ecosystem Development.</li>
<li>International Collaborations.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Cyber-Physical Systems</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>These systems <strong>integrate</strong> sensing, computation, control and networking into physical objects and infrastructure, connecting them to the Internet and to each other.</li>
<li><strong>Few Potential applications:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Driverless cars</strong> that communicate securely with each other on smart roads.</li>
<li><strong>Sensors</strong> in the home to detect changing health conditions.</li>
<li><strong>Improving agricultural practices.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Enabling scientists</strong> to address issues arising out of climate change.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Advances in cyber-physical systems will enable capability, adaptability, scalability, resiliency, safety, security and usability that will far exceed the simple embedded systems of today.</li>
</ul>
</div>',
		'postdate' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'url' => 'https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/new-hub-under-national-mission-on-interdisciplinary-cyber-physical-systems'
	],
	(int) 6 => [
		'title' => 'Foundation Day of National Archives of India',
		'catname' => 'News Analysis',
		'desc' => '<h3>Why In News</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Recently, on the occasion of <strong>130<sup>th</sup> Foundation Day</strong> of <strong>National Archives of India,</strong> an exhibition <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/100-years-of-jallianwala-bagh-massacre" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>&ldquo;Jallianwala Bagh&rdquo;</strong></a> was inaugurated, to mark the <strong><a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/jallianwala-bagh-massacre" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Jallianwala Bagh massacre centenary</a>.</strong></li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The present exhibition is primarily presented with the help of original and digital copies of archival documents relating to the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre available in National Archives of India.</li>
<li>This is an attempt to portray the relentless struggle of the Indian people against the British tyranny through our record holdings.</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>National Archives of India</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The National Archives of India is an attached office under the <strong>Ministry of Culture.</strong> It was established on 11 March 1891 at Kolkata (Calcutta) as the Imperial Record Department.</li>
<li>Following the transfer of the capital from Calcutta to Delhi in 1911, the present building of the National Archives of India was constructed in 1926 which was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens.</li>
<li>The transfer of all records from Calcutta to New Delhi was completed in 1937. It is the <strong>nodal agency</strong> for the implementation of the <strong>Public Records Act, 1993 and Public Record Rules, 1997.</strong></li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1605808" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
		'postdate' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'url' => 'https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/foundation-day-of-national-archives-of-india'
	],
	(int) 7 => [
		'title' => 'National Institute of Health & Family Welfare ',
		'catname' => 'News Analysis',
		'desc' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Recently, the <strong>43<sup>rd</sup> Annual Day</strong> of the<strong> National Institute of Health &amp; Family Welfare (NIHFW)</strong> was organised.</li>
<li>On the occasion, the Union Health Minister emphasized that <strong>synergy and cooperation between institutions</strong> needed to counter India&rsquo;s Public Health challenges.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The National Institute of Health &amp; Family Welfare (NIHFW) is situated in Delhi and was<strong> established in 1977.</strong></li>
<li>NIHFW is the premier organisation under Ministry Of Health and Family Welfare for capacity building through training of health professionals, frontline health workers such as <strong>Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs)</strong> and<strong> Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANMs)</strong> and other central and state officers &amp; healthcare staff.</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Accredited Social Health Activist</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>An Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) is a <strong>community health worker</strong> instituted by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) as a <strong>part of the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM).</strong> The mission began in 2005.</li>
<li>ASHAs must primarily be female residents of the village that they have been selected to serve, who are likely to remain in that village for the foreseeable future.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Auxiliary Nurse Midwife</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Auxiliary nurse midwife, commonly known as ANM,</strong> is a village-level female health worker in India who is known as the first contact person between the <strong>community and the health services.</strong></li>
<li>ANMs are regarded as the grass-roots workers in the health organisation pyramid.</li>
<li>Their services are considered <strong>important to provide safe and effective care</strong> to village communities.</li>
<li>The role may help communities achieve the targets of <strong>national health programmes.</strong></li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1605817" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
		'postdate' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'url' => 'https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/national-institute-of-health-family-welfare'
	],
	(int) 8 => [
		'title' => 'Climate Change and The Eastern Ghats',
		'catname' => 'News Editorials',
		'desc' => '<div class="border">
<p>This article is based on <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/a-browning-east-the-hindu-editorial-on-climate-change-impact-on-the-eastern-ghats/article30935306.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"A browning east: on climate change and the Eastern Ghats"</a> which was published in The Hindu on February 28, 2020. It talks about the importance of the Eastern Ghats while describing the impact of climate change on the region.</p>
</div>
<p>Spread across some 75,000 sq. km. from Odisha to southern Tamil Nadu, Eastern Ghats play an important dual role in fostering biodiversity and storing energy in trees. The Eastern Ghats consist of different eco-regions with its range from south to north along the east coast of India. The important eco-regions consist of Eastern Highlands moist deciduous forests, East Deccan dry evergreen forests, Deccan thorn scrub forests, shrublands, and South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests. This diverse landscape is home to endemic flora and fauna. Many animals, including tigers and elephants, and some 400 bird species are found in these discontinuous forests that receive an annual average rainfall of 1,200 mm to 1,500 mm. The Eastern Ghats is considered to be a part of India&rsquo;s natural heritage. The broken hill-ranges of the Eastern Ghats spread across Odisha, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu, are home to unique ecosystems.</p>
<p>The Eastern Ghats face a serious threat from climate change. The area has shrunk by 16% over the past century, and just one region, Papikonda National Park, lost about 650 sq. km. over the last twenty years.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1583753569_image1.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1583753569_image1.png" width="537" height="609" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></a></p>
<h3>Concerns Associated with Climate Change</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Loss of Livelihood:</strong> Diminished rainfall can negatively affect the productivity of these forests, in terms of their ability to store carbon, and provide subsistence material. The local forest communities are always dependent on forest produce and other forest resources for sustaining their livelihoods, so if forest productivity is affected by climate change then this will directly have an impact on the well-being of the local communities.</li>
<li><strong>Loss of Biodiversity:</strong> a rise in seasonal temperature, causes reduced plant species diversity and provides a dominant role for herbs over trees.</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Eastern Ghats - Challenges Today</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Tremendous stress, degradation and damage due to human greed, population pressure, unsustainable development, apathy by public, negligence by public servants, etc.</li>
<li>Haphazard mining, logging, poaching, forest fires, unsustainable harvest of forest produce, pilferage of rare species, smuggling and export of rare flora and fauna, encroachments of forest land and infrastructure development industrialization, springing up of habitations with an intention to colonize and devour the forest.</li>
<li>Though Eastern Ghats is a rich and diverse eco-geographic unit, it has not caught the attention for conservation and to be protected as a prominent eco-geographic unit. For ages the hill ranges have not been viewed as one entity since they are dissected by river gaps, wetland and planes.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>Degrading Forest Cover and Paris Agreement</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Such large scale destruction of forest and tree cover goes against India&rsquo;s commitments to the Paris Agreement on Climate Change; under which India committed to create an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tones through enhanced forest and tree cover.</li>
<li>While the commitment is to increase forest cover through Afforestation forest cover in the Eastern Ghats is being reduced at an alarming rate mainly due to anthropogenic <strong>stress, rapid and unsustainable economic development</strong>.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Preserving the Eastern Ghats: Steps To Be Taken</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Promotion of sustainable use of forest resources should be done in order to counter overexploitation.</li>
<li>Government should incentivize settled agriculture in order to counter the impact of shifting agriculture because the practice of shifting agriculture will directly contribute to deforestation.
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Improving tree cover nationally can confer multiple benefits, including modulation of the monsoon, improved air quality and wider spaces for biodiversity to persist.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Government should finance the usage of indigenous plants and trees for restoring and strengthening the peripheral areas of the forest of Eastern Ghats by tapping into the International Climate Fund available.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Conclusion</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Measures should be taken to protect endemism, rarity, endangered species; species which are or may become threatened with extinction and centres of the evolution of domesticated species, are critical for maintaining the range and pace of evolution and speciation.</li>
<li>Conservation of their eco-systems like wildlife Corridors, specialised ecosystems, and special breeding site/area, areas with intrinsically low resilience, sacred groves and frontier forests etc. is also very important. Geomorphological conditions which are known to have substantial effect on eco-systems at large include uninhabited islands in the sea, steep slopes, origins or rivers which are also to be conserved.</li>
<li>There is a need for concerted and macro-level conservation movement by the involvement of all stakeholders especially the public. Collectivizing or binding all individuals and civil society groups into a network will bring much focus and strength to the cause.</li>
</ul>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #c8f3f7; border-color: #0396a3;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 100%;"><em><strong>Mains Question:</strong></em><br /><br />Explain the significance of the Eastern Ghats for India. Suggest steps that can be taken to conserve the biodiversity of the region.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>',
		'postdate' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'url' => 'https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/climate-change-and-the-eastern-ghats'
	],
	(int) 9 => [
		'title' => 'Illegal Trade of Red Panda',
		'catname' => 'News Analysis',
		'desc' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>The <a href="/important-institutions/drishti-specials-important-institutions-international-institution/traffic" target="_blank" rel="noopener">trade monitoring network TRAFFIC</a> has released a report titled <strong>&ldquo;Assessment of illegal trade-related threats to Red Panda in India and selected neighbouring range countries&rdquo;</strong> recently.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The report has analysed poaching and illegal trade of the species <strong>for the ten-year period from July 2010 to June 2019</strong>.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Findings</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The red panda survival is <strong>crucial for the eastern and north-eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests and the eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests</strong>.</li>
<li>The animal has been <strong>hunted for meat and fur, besides illegal capture for the pet trade</strong>.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>An estimated <strong>14,500 animals are left</strong> in the wild across Nepal, Bhutan, India, China and Myanmar.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The report has indicated that the <strong>traditional demand for red panda meat and related products</strong> has <strong>reduced</strong> over time.</li>
<li>Also, the reduction in poaching and illegal trade of red panda is indicative of the <strong>success of awareness campaigns</strong> about the conservation of the species.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Recommendations</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Community-based conservation</strong> and protection for the species as its habitat stretches across remote areas.</li>
<li><strong>Trans-boundary law enforcement co-operation</strong> through the use of multi-government platforms like <strong>SAWEN (South Asia Wildlife Enforcement Network)</strong>.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>SAWEN was formally established at an inter-governmental meeting hosted in Paro (a town in Bhutan) by the Royal Government of Bhutan, in January <strong>2011</strong>.</li>
<li>It aims to establish <strong>multilateral collaboration to fight wildlife crime</strong> in the region.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Red Panda<a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1583748707_image2.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1583748707_image2.png" style="float: right;" /></a></h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The red panda is a <strong>small reddish-brown arboreal mammal</strong>.</li>
<li>The only living member of the <strong>genus Ailurus</strong>.</li>
<li>It is also the state animal of <strong>Sikkim</strong>.</li>
<li>It is listed as <strong>Endangered in the IUCN</strong> red list of Threatened Species and under <strong>Schedule I of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972</strong>.</li>
<li>It is found in the forests of <strong>India, Nepal, Bhutan and the northern mountains of Myanmar and southern China</strong>.</li>
<li>It thrives best at 2,200-4,800m, in <strong>mixed deciduous and conifer forests</strong> with dense understories of bamboo.</li>
<li>In India, About 5,000-6,000 red pandas are estimated to be present in <strong>Sikkim, western Arunachal Pradesh, Darjeeling district of West Bengal and parts of Meghalaya</strong>.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>This is the second-largest population after China (6,000-7,000).</li>
<li>Red pandas have been reported from 11 districts of <strong>Arunachal Pradesh</strong>, which is <strong>presumed to hold the largest red panda population in the country</strong>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>TRAFFIC &ndash; The Wildlife Trade Monitoring Network</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>TRAFFIC is a leading <strong>non-governmental organisation</strong> working globally on trade in wild animals and plants in the context of both biodiversity conservation and sustainable development.</li>
<li>It is a joint program of <strong>WWF and IUCN</strong> &ndash; the International Union for Conservation of Nature created in 1976.</li>
<li>TRAFFIC focuses on leveraging resources, expertise and awareness of the latest globally urgent species trade issues such as tiger parts, elephant ivory and rhino horn.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/though-hunters-lose-interest-in-red-panda-traps-still-snare-endangered-mammal/article31017091.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
		'postdate' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'url' => 'https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/illegal-trade-of-red-panda'
	],
	(int) 10 => [
		'title' => 'Warli Adivasi Revolt',
		'catname' => 'News Analysis',
		'desc' => '<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>In <strong>1945</strong>, it began in <strong>Zari village, Talasari taluka (Maharashtra)</strong>.</li>
<li>Affected from the exploitation from the landlords and money-lenders, nearly 5,000 indentured tribals gathered and refused to work on landlords&rsquo; fields until they received 12 annas a day in wages.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Their resistance sowed the first seeds of <strong>rights-based movements</strong> among the region&rsquo;s indigenous communities.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Women played an important role</strong> in the revolt and helped the men in all possible aspects.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The involvement of the women was supported by the <strong>Kisan Sabha leader, Godaveri Parulekar,</strong> also known as <strong>Godutai</strong> (elder sister) by the Adivasis.</li>
<li>Women followed her and spoke at meetings about the oppression they faced and encouraged other women to join the struggle.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Warli Tribe<a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1583749958_image4.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1583749958_image4.png" width="374" height="202" style="float: right;" /></a></h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>They are spread across Thane, Nashik and Dhule districts of <strong>Maharashtra</strong>, Valsad district of <strong>Gujarat, Karnataka, Goa</strong> and the Union Territories of <strong>Dadra &amp; Nagar Haveli and Daman &amp; Diu</strong>.</li>
<li>They are <strong>small-scale cultivators</strong> and cultivate <strong>rice, pulses and vegetables</strong>. They also sell <strong>toddy, mahua</strong> and <strong>fuelwood</strong> to their tribesmen and neighbouring communities for a living.</li>
<li>Warli are <strong>nature worshippers</strong>.</li>
<li><strong>Warli art</strong> stems from their belief system shaped by their centuries-old subsistence on forest land.</li>
<li>They <strong>did not have a written word</strong> until recent times and their art was a way of transmitting their belief systems from one generation to the next.</li>
<li>Their drawings revolve around <strong>community traditions,</strong> the tools they use and their association with nature.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/home-of-warli-adivasi-revolt-talasaris-loyalty-to-the-left-deepens-6305986/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: IE</strong></a></p>',
		'postdate' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'url' => 'https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/warli-adivasi-revolt'
	],
	(int) 11 => [
		'title' => 'Commercial Cord Blood Banking',
		'catname' => 'News Analysis',
		'desc' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Recently there has been growing concern regarding the aggressively promoted concept of cord blood banking.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Over the past decade, stem cell banking has been aggressively marketed even as its use is still in experimental stages.</li>
<li>The stem cell banking companies get access to data of to-be parents and start approaching their prospective customers much before the delivery and offer competitive packages.</li>
<li>Companies convince parents to bank the cells for several years promising future therapeutic use.</li>
<li>Enormous fees are charged from parents to preserve cells merely by emotional marketing.</li>
<li>However, according to <strong>Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)</strong>, there is <strong>no scientific basis</strong> for preservation of cord blood for future self use and this practice therefore raises ethical and social concerns.</li>
<li>The ICMR does <strong>not recommend commercial stem cell banking</strong>.</li>
<li>Private storage of the cord blood is advisable when there is an elder child in the family with a condition treatable with these cells and the mother is expecting the next baby.</li>
<li>In other situations, parents should be educated about the limitations of banking at this point of time.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Cord Blood Banking</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Cord blood is the blood from the baby that is left in the umbilical cord and placenta after birth. Cord blood banking involves taking the <strong>umbilical cord blood,</strong> which is a rich source of stem cells, and preserving it for future use.</li>
<li>It contains special cells called hematopoietic stem cells that can be used to treat some types of diseases.</li>
<li><strong>Hematopoietic stem cells</strong> can mature into different types of blood cells in the body.</li>
<li>Globally, cord blood banking is recommended as a source of <strong>hematopoietic stem cell (derived from bone marrow, peripheral blood, or umbilical cord blood)</strong> transplantation for haematological cancers and disorders where its use is recommended.</li>
<li>For all other conditions, the use of cord blood as a source of stem cells is not yet established.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Stem Cells</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Stem cells are special human cells that have the ability to develop into <strong>many different cell types</strong>, from muscle cells to brain cells.</li>
<li>Stem cells are divided into <strong>two main forms- Embryonic stem cells</strong> and <strong>Adult Stem Cells</strong>.</li>
<li><strong>Embryonic stem cells</strong> come from <strong>unused embryos</strong> resulting from an <strong>in vitro fertilization</strong> procedure and that are donated to science. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>These embryonic stem cells are <strong>pluripotent,</strong> meaning that they can turn into more than one type of cell.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Adult Stem Cells:</strong> There are <strong>two types</strong> of adult stem cells. <br />
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>One type comes from fully <strong>developed tissues</strong>, like the brain, skin, and bone marrow.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>There are only <strong>small numbers</strong> of stem cells in these tissues, and they are more likely to generate only certain types of cells.</li>
<li>For example, a stem cell derived from the liver will only generate more liver cells.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The second type is induced <strong>pluripotent stem</strong> cells.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>These are adult stem cells that have been <strong>manipulated in a laboratory</strong> to take on the pluripotent characteristics of embryonic stem cells.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Indian Council of Medical Research</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>ICMR is the <strong>apex body</strong> in India for <strong>formulation, coordination and promotion of biomedical research</strong>.</li>
<li>Its mandate is to conduct, coordinate and implement medical research for the benefit of the Society; translating medical innovations into products/processes and introducing them into the public health system.</li>
<li>it is funded by the Government of India through the <strong>Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health &amp; Family Welfare</strong>.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/states/doctors-forum-dispels-beliefs-on-commercial-cord-blood-banking/article31018528.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
		'postdate' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'url' => 'https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/commercial-cord-blood-banking'
	],
	(int) 12 => [
		'title' => 'National Conference on Women in Police and CAPFs',
		'catname' => 'News Analysis',
		'desc' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&amp;D)</strong> organised the <strong>National Conference on Women in Police and <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/central-armed-police-force-capf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs)</a> in New Delhi</strong>.</li>
<li>It was inaugurated by the <strong>Union Minister for Women And Child Development</strong>.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The main objective of the National Conference was to discuss and deliberate on the following <strong>two themes</strong>:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Cyber Stalking and Bullying of Women:</strong> Steps for Protection</li>
<li>Challenges faced by <strong>CAPF Women in Operational Areas</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Few important issues related to women in Police which were highlighted during the conference are:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Workplace harassment besides cyber crime.</li>
<li>Society should not look at the working <strong>women with bias</strong> and hold the performance of men to be the only benchmark for success.</li>
<li>Training of members of the <strong>Child Welfare Committees (CWC)</strong>.</li>
<li>The need to <strong>train more female forensic investigators and cyber crime experts</strong>.</li>
<li>BPR&amp;D was also advised to make an SoP for <strong>&ldquo;One Stop Centre for Women&rdquo;</strong>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>To commemorate this event, a hand-out &ndash; &ldquo;BPR&amp;D Mirror &ndash; Gender Benders&rdquo; was released,</strong> which stated the recent initiatives taken by BPR&amp;D <strong>to promote Woman Safety</strong>.</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&amp;D)</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Government of India established the Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&amp;D), under the Ministry of Home Affairs in the 1970s.</li>
<li>It replaced the Police Research and Advisory Council (1966), with the primary objective of <strong>modernization of police force</strong>.</li>
<li>In 1995 Government of India decided to entrust issues relating to <strong>Correctional Administration Work</strong> to the BPR&amp;D.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Thereby BPR&amp;D has to ensure the implementation of <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/sc-panel-recommendations-on-prison-reforms" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>prison reforms</strong></a> as well.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The Government of India further decided to create a National Police Mission under the administrative control of BPR&amp;D to transform the police forces in the country.</li>
<li>Recently, <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/50th-foundation-day-of-bureau-of-police-research-and-development" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>BPR&amp;D observed its 50<sup>th</sup> foundation day</strong></a>.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Child Welfare Committees (CWC)</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The <strong>Child Welfare Committee (CWC)</strong> is constituted under the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/gom-reviews-amendments-to-the-jj-act-2015" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015</strong></a>. It is the sole authority to deal with matters concerning children in need of care and protection.</li>
<li>The Committee is constituted for each district or group of districts.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1605669" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: PIB</strong></a></p>',
		'postdate' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'url' => 'https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/national-conference-on-women-in-police-and-capfs'
	],
	(int) 13 => [
		'title' => 'Super Seven',
		'catname' => 'News Analysis',
		'desc' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Prime Minister of India on 8<sup>th</sup> March 2020 marked <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/international-womens-day" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>International Women&rsquo;s Day</strong></a> by handing over control of his social media accounts to seven women achievers.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1583746582_Super%20Seven.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1583746582_Super Seven.jpg" width="625" height="606" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></a></p>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Namda Traditional Art<a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1583743043_image2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1583743043_image2.jpg" width="324" height="243" style="float: right;" /></a></strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Namda is a local term used for <strong>traditional felted wool floor coverings,</strong> made out of a coarse variety of wool.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Namda comes from the root word <strong>Namata (Sanskrit for woollen stuff)</strong>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Namda making is <strong>practised as a craft</strong> in several cultures, especially in the countries throughout Asia, viz. <strong>Iran, Afghanistan and India</strong>.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li><strong>Srinagar in Kashmir and Tonk in Rajasthan</strong> are the two major namda making centres in India.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>In India, it is known to have come from Iran and was actively promoted in the state under the patronage of the Mughal monarchs and the Rajput royals.</li>
<li><strong>Rich hues and exquisite designing</strong> are the hallmarks of the handcrafted Namda.</li>
<li>Unique themes and <strong>floral patterns</strong> provide the themes for these masterpieces and <strong>flowers and leaves, buds and fruits</strong> are the essence of the designs.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Banjara Community</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The word <strong>&lsquo;banjara&rsquo;</strong> is derived from <strong>Vanaj</strong> meaning <strong>to trade</strong>, and <strong>Jara</strong> meaning to <strong>travel</strong>.</li>
<li>Banjara (sometimes called <strong>Gypsies</strong>) is a <strong>nomadic tribe of India</strong> and were the vital supply chain for villages.<a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1583746850_image5.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1583746850_image5.png" style="float: right; margin: 5px;" width="312" height="206" caption="false" /></a><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>They were <strong>commercial nomads</strong>, that is, hundreds of years ago they distributed salt and other essential items to interior villages, but they did have a connection with the land.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The Banjaras were among many tribes that resisted the British attempt to seize their lands for plantations and enrol them as labour.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Their constant revolt frustrated the British, and in 1871, the Banjaras and several other tribes were brought under the <strong>Criminal Tribes Act</strong>.</li>
<li>The community was denotified in the 1950s but were listed under the <strong>Habitual Offenders Act, 1952</strong>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>With <strong>roots in Rajasthan,</strong> Banjaras now live in several states and are known by different names like <strong>Lambada or Lambadi in Andhra Pradesh, Lambani in Karnataka; Gwar or Gwaraiya in Rajasthan</strong> etc.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>They are listed in various States as Scheduled Caste (SC), Scheduled Tribe (ST), Other Backward Class (OBC) and as Vimukta Jati/denotified tribes.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The language of Banjara is known as <strong>&ldquo;Gorboli&rdquo; &ldquo;Gor mati Boli&rdquo; </strong>or<strong> &ldquo;Brinjari&rdquo; an independent dialect</strong>.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>The dialect falls in the category of <strong>Indo-Aryan language</strong>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Foodbank India</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The <strong>India Food Banking Network (IFBN)</strong> is evolving an ecosystem for <strong>food security interventions</strong> to support thousands of feeding programmes in India by bringing the government, private sector and NGOs together to fight hunger and malnutrition in India.</li>
<li><strong>Vision:</strong> To have a <strong>hunger and malnutrition free India</strong> which falls in line with the <a href="/loksabha-rajyasabha-discussions/in-depth-indias-sustainable-development-goals" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Sustainable Development Goals</strong> </a><strong>(SDG 2- Zero Hunger by 2030)</strong>.</li>
<li>It aims to achieve the vision by establishing a strong and efficient network of FoodBanks throughout the country so that <strong>every district has access to at least one FoodBank by 2030</strong>.</li>
<li>It is a <strong>multi-stakeholder partnership</strong> of global, domestic and local community partners who contribute voluntarily to support the humanitarian and development projects.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/pm-modiss-social-media-swap-gets-thumbs-up/article31017628.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
		'postdate' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'url' => 'https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/super-seven'
	],
	(int) 14 => [
		'title' => 'Unutilised Budgetary Funds in Education',
		'catname' => 'News Analysis',
		'desc' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/cabinet-committee-on-investment-and-growth" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Parliamentary Standing Committee</a> on Human Resource Development (HRD) has presented a report on the <strong>2020-2021 demand for grants for school education</strong> in the Rajya Sabha.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The report identifies <strong>shortfalls in budgetary funding and utilisation,</strong> resulting in <strong>critical infrastructure gaps</strong> in the government schools in India.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Points<a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1583740769_image2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1583740769_image2.jpg" width="465" height="399" style="float: right;" /></a></h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Reduction in Finance:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The budgetary allocations experienced a <strong>27% cut from proposals</strong> made by the School Education department.</li>
<li>Similarly, <strong>27% of reductions</strong> have been observed in the fund needed for the <strong>implementation of Central and Centrally Sponsored Schemes</strong>.</li>
<li>Also, the government has spent only 71% of allotted funds for the core <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/samagra-shiksha" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Samagra Shiksha Scheme</a> until December 31, 2019.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Access to Electricity and Playground:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Almost <strong>half of the government schools</strong> in the country <strong>do not have any electricity or playgrounds</strong>.</li>
<li><strong>Only 56% of schools have electricity,</strong> with the lowest rates in Manipur and Madhya Pradesh, where less than 20% have access to power.</li>
<li><strong>Less than 57% of schools have playgrounds,</strong> including less than 30% of schools in Odisha and Jammu and Kashmir.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Overall Infrastructure:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>A <strong>dismal rate of progress has been observed in building classrooms, labs and libraries</strong> to strengthen government higher secondary schools.</li>
<li><strong>Almost 40% of schools did not have a boundary wall,</strong> endangering the safety of students and school property.</li>
<li>The <strong>higher secondary schools experienced greater infrastructural gaps</strong> compared to secondary schools and primary schools.</li>
<li>Also, <strong>less than 5% of proposed infrastructure</strong> facilities such as ramps and special toilets <strong>for differently-abled students</strong> have been completed in the government schools.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Recommendations</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Additional funds for implementation of the core schemes</strong> such as Samgra Shiksha Abhiyan.</li>
<li><strong>Collaboration of HRD Ministry with the <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/fund-crunch-in-mgnrega" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS)</a></strong> to construct boundary walls and other infrastructure facilities.</li>
<li><strong>Collaboration with the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy</strong> to provide solar energy and other renewable energy sources so that schools have access to power.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/over-40-govt-schools-dont-have-power-playgrounds-parliamentary-panel/article31016879.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
		'postdate' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'url' => 'https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/unutilised-budgetary-funds-in-education'
	],
	(int) 15 => [
		'title' => 'Kyasanur Forest Disease',
		'catname' => 'News Analysis',
		'desc' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>There is a proposal to set up a research centre on <strong>Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD) in Sagar, Karnataka</strong>.</li>
<li>The State government has already allocated <strong>₹15 crore</strong> for establishing the centre, which will take up study and research on tackling KFD.</li>
</ul>
<h3><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1583738948_image1.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1583738948_image1.jpg" width="648" height="501" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></a></h3>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It is caused by <strong>Kyasanur Forest disease Virus (KFDV)</strong>, a member of the virus family <strong>Flaviviridae</strong>.</li>
<li>It was first identified in 1957 in a sick monkey from the <strong>Kyasanur Forest in Karnataka</strong>. Since then, between <strong>400-500 human cases per year</strong> have been reported.</li>
<li>KFD is endemic to the Indian state of Karnataka. It is also referred to as <strong>monkey fever</strong> by locals.</li>
<li>Rodents, shrews, and monkeys are common hosts for KFDV after being bitten by infected Hard ticks (Haemaphysalis Spinigera). KFDV can cause epizootics (outbreak of disease in animals) with high fatality in primates.</li>
<li><strong>Transmission:</strong> To humans, it may occur after a tick bite or contact with an infected animal (a sick or recently dead monkey).</li>
<li><strong>Signs and Symptoms:</strong> After an incubation period of 3-8 days, the symptoms like chills, fever, headache, severe muscle pain, vomiting, gastrointestinal symptoms and bleeding may occur. Patients may experience abnormally low blood pressure, and low platelet, red blood cell, and white blood cell counts.</li>
<li><strong>Diagnosis:</strong> It can be diagnosed in the early stage of illness by molecular detection by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) or virus isolation from blood. Later, serologic testing using enzyme-linked immunosorbent serologic assay (ELISA) can be performed.</li>
<li><strong>Treatment and Prevention:</strong> There is no specific treatment for KFD although vaccine is available.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/kfd-research-centre-will-come-up-in-sagar-yediyurappa/article30777983.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
		'postdate' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'url' => 'https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/kyasanur-forest-disease-1'
	],
	(int) 16 => [
		'title' => 'The Yes Bank Crisis',
		'catname' => 'News Editorials',
		'desc' => '<div class="border">
<p>This article is based on <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/banking-on-bailouts-the-hindu-editorial-on-yes-bank-crisis/article31003751.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Banking on bailouts: On Yes Bank crisis</strong></a>, <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/editorials/yes-bank-crisis-reserve-bank-of-india-rbi-sbi-6302977/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Yes bank, no bank</strong></a>. It talks about the collapse of Yes Bank.</p>
</div>
<p>Within months of a <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/co-operative-banking-in-india" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>small cooperative bank fallout in India</strong></a>, major private player Yes Bank (India's fifth largest private sector bank) has also come under the RBI action for mounting bad loans. In order to save Yes Bank from collapsing and to preserve people&rsquo;s trust in the Indian banking system, RBI has taken several measures.</p>
<h3>What steps RBI has taken?</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>First, the Reserve Bank of India has taken over the YES Bank management.</li>
<li>It has imposed a moratorium whose cash withdrawal limit has been capped at Rs 50,000.</li>
<li>The RBI used the instrument of moral suasion on the SBI to acquire the Yes bank.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>Moral Suasion &ndash;</strong> is a qualitative control method of the <strong>RBI.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Moral Suasion</strong> means the use of compulsion or informal suggestion by the <strong>RBI</strong> on Commercial banks for the condition of Credit Policy.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The RBI announced a draft &lsquo;Scheme of Reconstruction&rsquo; that entails the State Bank of India (SBI) investing capital to acquire a 49% stake in the restructured private lender.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Why Yes bank collapsed?</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>Domino effect of IL&amp;FS crisis:</strong> Yes Bank illustrates the widening damage from <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/shadow-banking-and-the-crisis-in-the-indian-economy" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>India&rsquo;s shadow banking crisis</strong></a>, which has left the Bank with a growing pile of bad loans.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Yes Bank&rsquo;s total exposure to Infrastructure Leasing &amp; Financial Services<span>(</span>IL&amp;FS) and Dewan Housing Finance Corp&nbsp;(DHFL) was 11.5% as of September 2019.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Rising NPA's:</strong> Apart from these, Yes Bank suffered a dramatic doubling in gross non-performing assets over the April-September 2019 to ₹17,134 crores.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Due to this, Yes Bank was unable to raise capital to shore up its balance sheet.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Vicious cycle:</strong> Decline in the financial position of Yes Bank has triggered invocation of bond covenants by investors (redeeming of bonds), and withdrawal of deposits.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The bank was facing regular outflow of liquidity. It means that the bank was witnessing withdrawal of deposits from customers.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Governance issues:</strong> The bank has also experienced serious governance issues and practices in recent years which have led to a steady decline of the bank.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>For instance, the bank under-reported NPAs to the tune of Rs 3,277 crore in 2018-19.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Effect of Yes bank Crisis</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>This revived the theory of <strong>India's Lehman Moment.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The government took over IL&amp;FS in 2018 in an effort to reassure creditors after the defaults. Also, in 2019, the RBI seized control of another struggling shadow lender, Dewan Housing Finance Corp., to initiate bankruptcy proceedings.</li>
<li>The Yes Bank crisis could trigger a domino effect that could lead to the collapse of various other financial institution.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>India's Lehman Moment</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The IL&amp;FS default spooked the markets and raised fears of a Lehman-like crisis, referring to the collapse of the US investment bank Lehman Brothers in 2008-09.</li>
<li>The event rocked global stock markets and led to the biggest financial crash (Global financial crisis) since the Great Depression 1929.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The Yes Bank Crisis reflects badly on<strong>&nbsp;RBI egregious on two counts:</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><strong>The unjustifiable delay:</strong> After being sluggish in identifying governance faultlines among IL&amp;FS, DHFL, and now Yes Bank, RBI was slow to act.</li>
<li><strong>Erosion of depositor faith:</strong> Even after RBI's takeover of Yes Bank, the news of limiting withdrawals at Rs 50,000, has led to long queues of people claiming their money back.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li>Capping withdrawals for depositors for Punjab and Maharashtra Cooperative Bank was bad enough. Using the same principle for Yes Bank will only serve to erode the faith of depositors in private banks in general and the banking regulator in particular.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The choice of SBI as the investor to effect the bailout reflects the <strong>paucity of options the government.</strong>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Owing to the recent announcement of the merger of banks, the majority of PSBs are in a transition period. After the merger, PSB will be reduced from 21 to 12.</li>
<li>Thus, the onus has fallen on India's largest bank (SBI) to play the role of a white knight (in economic terms it means a firm that saves a weaker firm from economic crisis) for Yes bank.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>It will also have <strong>adverse impacts on the Banking sector.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>One, people will gravitate towards public sector banks which are already reluctant to provide credit.&nbsp;</li>
<li>Two, private banks will be forced to offer higher deposit rates, keeping the cost of credit higher.</li>
<li>Thereby banks will not be able to cater the credit requirement which is a prerequisite to realise the dream of becoming a $5 trillion economy by 2024-2025.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Effect of Indian Economy:</strong> Collapse of Yes Bank is highly undesirable, at a juncture when the growth in the Indian economy has dropped to 5%.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Way Forward</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>Yes Bank crisis is not exactly new or unique and its problems with mounting bad loans reflect the underlying woes in the financial sector ranging from real estate to power and non-banking financial companies.</li>
<li>Thus, Yes Bank crisis should be seen as a good opportunity for the various stakeholders:<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>For RBI to review its <a href="/to-the-points/paper3/prompt-corrective-action-pca" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Prompt Corrective Action framework.</strong></a></li>
<li>For the Government to carry out<a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/need-to-reform-financial-policy" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong> governance reforms</strong></a> in the financial sector.</li>
<li>For commercial banks and shadow banking institutions to implement <strong>prudential norms in events of providing loans.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 100%; border-style: dotted; border-color: #ff0000; background-color: #f2ebcb;">
<p><span style="color: #333399;">Drishti Mains Question</span></p>
<p>Reflect on the underlying problems in India&rsquo;s financial sector.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>',
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		'url' => 'https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/the-yes-bank-crisis'
	],
	(int) 17 => [
		'title' => 'Katchatheevu Island',
		'catname' => 'News Analysis',
		'desc' => '<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It is an <strong>uninhabited off-shore island in the Palk Strait</strong> originally owned by a king of<strong> Ramnad</strong> (present-day <strong>Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu</strong>).</li>
<li>The island is used by fishermen to dry their nets.</li>
<li>During the British rule, it was <strong>administered jointly by India and Sri Lanka.</strong></li>
<li>In the early 20<sup>th</sup> century, <strong>Sri Lanka claimed territorial ownership</strong> over the islet, so <strong>in 1974 India</strong> ceded the island to Sri Lanka, through a <strong>joint agreement.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Two years later through another accord, <strong>India further gave up its fishing rights</strong> in the region.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1583578009_image3.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img class="content-img" src="http://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1583578009_image3.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="350" caption="false" /></a></p>',
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		'url' => 'https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/katchatheevu-island'
	],
	(int) 18 => [
		'title' => 'SC Order on Land Acquisition',
		'catname' => 'News Analysis',
		'desc' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the<strong> Supreme Court of India</strong> reaffirmed its February 2018 ruling on <strong>Section 24 on land acquisition compensation awards</strong> in the Indore Development Authority case.</p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The five-judge Bench also overruled an earlier 2014 ruling under the <strong>Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act of 2013.</strong></li>
</ul>
<h3>Background</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>The<strong> 2013 Act replaced the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 (1894 Act)</strong> and provides for higher compensation to those deprived of land by the government for both public and private sector projects.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It also mandates consent of a majority of land-owners and contains provisions for rehabilitation and resettlement.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Under <strong>Section 24(2) of the 2013 Act,</strong> land acquisition made under the old law of 1894 lapses if the award of c<strong>ompensation had been made five years before the new Act</strong> came into force, but <strong>has not been paid.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>In such situations, the process will start afresh under the new Act, which <strong>mandates higher compensation.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>However, there are cases of farmers and landowners refusing compensation which delays the possession by the government.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>In such cases, the compensation is deposited in the government treasury and according to one interpretation, the acquisition process is saved.</li>
<li>This interpretation has been contended on the basis that such cases will fall under the new Act because compensation has not been paid to the landowners, and the lapsing clause in Section 24 should be applied.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>If a long-pending land acquisition process closes under the old law and fresh acquisition proceedings start under the new one, the land-owners will benefit and project proponents will have to pay higher compensation.</li>
<li>In the <strong>Pune Municipal Corporation vs Harakchand Misirimal Solanki case 2014, </strong>a<strong> three-judge bench</strong> held that acquisition proceedings initiated under the 1894 Act, which were initiated five years before the 2013 law was enacted (in 2014), would lapse if the land in question was not taken control of or if compensation was not paid to displaced farmers.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The judgment came as a<strong> relief for landowners.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>However, in the <strong>Indore Development Authority vs Shailendra (D) Through LRS &amp; Ors case 2018,</strong> another three-judge bench <strong>declared the 2014 judgment &ldquo;per incuriam&rdquo;.</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>It held that if a landowner refuses to accept the compensation offered by the developer, they cannot take advantage of their own wrongdoing and have the acquisition proceedings lapse under the old law.</li>
<li>This judgement was a <strong>relief for developers.</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="border-bg">
<p><strong>Per Incuriam</strong></p>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>It literally translates as "through lack of care".</li>
<li>A judgment can be declared per incuriam if it does not follow a statutory provision or a binding precedent that may have been relevant.</li>
<li>Such judgments can be declared to be without any legal force and are not treated as a valid precedent.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>Key Points</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>In the latest ruling, the Bench was interpreting <strong>Section 24 (2)</strong> of the 2013 Act.</li>
<li>The provision said that<strong> if the physical possession of land has not been taken or the compensation is not paid for five or more years</strong> prior to 1<sup>st</sup> January 2014, the acquisition proceeding is <strong>&ldquo;deemed to have lapsed&rdquo;.</strong></li>
<li>The judgment said that the <strong>compensation would be considered paid</strong> if the amount is put in the Treasury.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>There was no obligation that the amount should be deposited in the court in order to sustain the land acquisition proceedings.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Thus, there is <strong>no lapse if</strong> possession has been taken and compensation has not been paid. Similarly, there is no lapse if compensation has been paid and possession not taken of the land.</li>
<li>Further, it was also held that Section 24(2) of the 2013 Act<strong> does not give rise to a new cause of action to question the legality of concluded proceedings</strong> of land acquisition.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/land-acquisition-will-not-lapse-if-relief-is-paid-to-treasury-supreme-court/article31003936.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source: TH</strong></a></p>',
		'postdate' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenTime) {},
		'url' => 'https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/sc-order-on-land-acquisition'
	],
	(int) 19 => [
		'title' => 'AYUSH Grid and NAMASTE Portal',
		'catname' => 'News Analysis',
		'desc' => '<h3>Why in News</h3>
<p>Recently, the Minister of State for <a href="/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/national-commission-for-indian-system-of-medicine-bill-2018" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>AYUSH</strong></a> has informed about the development of the <strong>AYUSH Grid and NAMASTE Portal.</strong></p>
<h3>AYUSH Grid</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li>AYUSH Grid, initiated by the<strong> Ministry of AYUSH,</strong> aims to<strong> bring onboard all AYUSH</strong> (Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy) <strong>facilities including hospitals and laboratories</strong> and to promote traditional systems of healthcare.</li>
<li>The Ministry of AYUSH and Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology have already inked a pact to <strong>collaborate with each other for the digitisation of the AYUSH sector.</strong></li>
</ul>
<h3>NAMASTE Portal</h3>
<ul style="list-style-type: square;">
<li><strong>National AYUSH Morbidity and Standardized Terminologies Electronic Portal&nbsp;</strong>(NAMASTE Portal) was launched on <strong>17<sup>th</sup> October, 2017 (2<sup>nd</sup> Ayurveda day).</strong><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>The <strong>National Ayurveda Day</strong> is celebrated every year on the occasion of <strong>Dhanwantari Jayanti (Dhanteras).</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The portal provides standardized terminologies &amp; morbidity codes for Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani systems of medicines.<br />
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li>Morbidity codes provide a comprehensive classification of diseases described in the traditional medicines system.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1605619" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Source:PIB</strong></a></p>',
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