Warning (2)APP/Controller/ArticlesController.php , line 1431 ]Code Context $connection = object(Cake\Database\Connection) {
'config' => [
'password' => '*****',
'username' => '*****',
'host' => '*****',
'database' => '*****',
'port' => '*****',
'driver' => 'Cake\Database\Driver\Mysql',
'persistent' => false,
'encoding' => 'utf8',
'timezone' => '',
'flags' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'cacheMetadata' => true,
'log' => false,
'quoteIdentifiers' => false,
'url' => null,
'timeout' => (int) 5,
'name' => 'default'
],
'driver' => object(Cake\Database\Driver\Mysql) {},
'transactionLevel' => (int) 0,
'transactionStarted' => false,
'useSavePoints' => false,
'logQueries' => false,
'logger' => null
}
$keyToSearch = 'hindiinteractionviewforum.php'
$query = 'SELECT * FROM banners WHERE JSON_CONTAINS(is_to_show_on_meta_data,:keyToSearch) = 1 AND status = 1 ORDER BY sortorder'
$statement = object(Cake\Database\Statement\MysqlStatement) {
[protected] _statement => object(PDOStatement) {}
[protected] _driver => object(Cake\Database\Driver\Mysql) {}
[protected] _hasExecuted => false
[protected] _bufferResults => true
}
$banners = []
$miniBanner = []
$caturl = 'viewforum.php'
$actual_link = 'https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/interaction/viewforum.php?f=32&sid=4273fc7e2511924a4c69670bc9cb2db0'
$extra_tabs = []
$articles = object(App\Model\Table\ArticlesTable) {
'registryAlias' => 'articles',
'table' => 'articles',
'alias' => 'articles',
'entityClass' => '\Cake\ORM\Entity',
'associations' => [],
'behaviors' => [
(int) 0 => 'Timestamp'
],
'defaultConnection' => 'default',
'connectionName' => 'default'
}
$categories = object(Cake\ORM\Table) {
'registryAlias' => 'categories',
'table' => 'categories',
'alias' => 'categories',
'entityClass' => '\Cake\ORM\Entity',
'associations' => [],
'behaviors' => [],
'defaultConnection' => 'default',
'connectionName' => 'default'
}
$lastparam = 'viewforum.php'
$countparams = (int) -1
$slast = ''
$category = []
$whatsnew = [
(int) 0 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'title' => 'Great Nicobar Project | InfrastructureDevelopment | To The Point | UPSC Current Affairs 2024',
'posturl' => 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/DtYJOABYu1Y',
'publishon' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
'[new]' => false,
'[accessible]' => [
[maximum depth reached]
],
'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[repository]' => 'news'
},
(int) 1 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'title' => 'सबसे युवा विश्व शतरंज चैंपियन',
'posturl' => 'https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/daily-updates/prelims-facts/youngest-world-chess-champion',
'publishon' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
'[new]' => false,
'[accessible]' => [
[maximum depth reached]
],
'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[repository]' => 'news'
},
(int) 2 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'title' => 'यूविशोल-एस',
'posturl' => 'https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/daily-updates/prelims-facts/euvichol-s',
'publishon' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
'[new]' => false,
'[accessible]' => [
[maximum depth reached]
],
'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[repository]' => 'news'
},
(int) 3 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'title' => 'ड्रैगनफ्लाई रोटरक्राफ्ट मिशन',
'posturl' => 'https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/daily-updates/prelims-facts/dragonfly-rotorcraft-mission',
'publishon' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
'[new]' => false,
'[accessible]' => [
[maximum depth reached]
],
'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[repository]' => 'news'
},
(int) 4 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'title' => 'Coral Bleaching | ClimateChange | To The Point | UPSC Current Affairs 2024 | Drishti IAS',
'posturl' => 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/_KyeaIyS2K0',
'publishon' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
'[new]' => false,
'[accessible]' => [
[maximum depth reached]
],
'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[repository]' => 'news'
},
(int) 5 => object(Cake\ORM\Entity) {
'title' => 'UPSC TOPPER 2023 | Bharti Sahu | Rank-850 | Hindi Medium | Mock Interview | Drishti IAS',
'posturl' => 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/uk5q4W9iCnE',
'publishon' => object(Cake\I18n\FrozenDate) {},
'[new]' => false,
'[accessible]' => [
[maximum depth reached]
],
'[dirty]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[original]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[virtual]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[errors]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[invalid]' => [[maximum depth reached]],
'[repository]' => 'news'
}
] sizeof - [internal], line ??
App\Controller\ArticlesController::articles() - APP/Controller/ArticlesController.php, line 1431
Cake\Controller\Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/src/Controller/Controller.php, line 440
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 119
Cake\Http\ActionDispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/src/Http/ActionDispatcher.php, line 93
Cake\Http\BaseApplication::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/BaseApplication.php, line 108
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\RoutingMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/RoutingMiddleware.php, line 104
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Routing\Middleware\AssetMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Routing/Middleware/AssetMiddleware.php, line 97
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Error\Middleware\ErrorHandlerMiddleware::__invoke() - CORE/src/Error/Middleware/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.php, line 98
Cake\Http\Runner::__invoke() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 65
Cake\Http\Runner::run() - CORE/src/Http/Runner.php, line 51
Cake\Http\Server::run() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 81
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 58 Warning (512)CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php , line 48 ]Code Context if ( Configure :: read ( 'debug' )) { trigger_error ( $message , E_USER_WARNING ); } else { $response = object(Cake\Http\Response) {
'status' => (int) 200,
'contentType' => 'text/html',
'headers' => [
'Content-Type' => [
[maximum depth reached]
]
],
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'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
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<meta name="keywords" content="" />
<meta name="description" content="" />
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<meta property="og:description" content="" />
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<meta property="og:site_name" content="Drishti IAS" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="">
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/drishti/img/drishti-dual-logo.jpg">
<meta name="twitter:site" content="Drishti IAS">
<meta name="twitter:creator" content="Drishti IAS">
<meta name="facebook-domain-verification" content="sxa6keafeqv68530rmdvc3suj228cb" />
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width: 100%;
background:linear-gradient(to right, #ed4757, #dd4c76);
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.statepcs .paper-menu.quiz a:hover {
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background:linear-gradient(135deg, #27adb9 0%, #27b999 76%);
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background: url(https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/drishti/img/icons/icon-arrow-right.png) no-repeat center center;
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background:linear-gradient(135deg, #27adb9 0%, #27b999 76%);
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display:block;
width:100%;
background:linear-gradient(to right, #ed4757, #dd4c76);
}
.statepcs .paper-menu a:hover.state-pcs-quiz {
background:linear-gradient(135deg, #27adb9 0%, #27b999 76%);
}
.statepcs .paper-menu.paper-submenu a {
width: 49%;
margin-bottom:5px;
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.statepcs .paper-menu.paper-submenu a:last-child {
width: 100%;
}
.statepcs .paper-menu a{
width:49%;
margin-bottom:5px;
padding: 0 22px;
}
}
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<script src="/hindi/interaction/drishti/js/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src='https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js' ></script>
<script src="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/webroot/admin/js/tinymce/js/tinymce/tinymce.min.js" ></script>
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<style>
#myImg {
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#myImg:hover {opacity: 0.7;}
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<div id="scroll-top"></div>
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<div class="fixed">
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<i class="fa fa-phone"> अभी कॉल करें </i>
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<ul><li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hin/classroom-program/"><span>कक्षा कार्यक्रम</span></a></li></ul>
</div>
<div class="menulist">
<h3>प्रारंभिक परीक्षा</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="javascript:;" class="toggle">पाठ्यक्रम & रणनीति</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/prelims/prelims-syllabus">पाठ्यक्रम</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/hindi/prelims-strategy" >रणनीति</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/prelims/prelims-analysis" >प्रिलिम्स विश्लेषण</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/prelims/60-steps-to-prelims">60 Steps To Prelims</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/prelims-refresher-programme-2020">प्रिलिम्स रिफ्रेशर प्रोग्राम 2020</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/free-downloads/upsc-exam-model-paper" >मॉडल पेपर</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/quiz" class="toggle">प्रैक्टिस टेस्ट</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/quiz/quizlist/daily-editorial-test">डेली एडिटोरियल टेस्ट</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/quiz/quizlist/60-steps-to-prelims">60 Steps To Prelims</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/quiz/quizlist/current-affairs-quiz-set" >डेली करेंट टेस्ट</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/quiz/quizlist/weekly-revision-mcqs" >साप्ताहिक रिवीज़न</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/quiz/catlist/ncert-books-quiz" >एन. सी. ई. आर. टी. टेस्ट</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/quiz/quizlist/economic-survey" >आर्थिक सर्वेक्षण टेस्ट</a></li>
<!-- <li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/quiz/quizlist/prs-pib-quiz" >PRS & PIB</a></li> -->
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/quiz/catlist/csat-quiz" >सीसैट टेस्ट</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/quiz/catlist/general-studies-set" >सामान्य अध्ययन टेस्ट</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/quiz/quizlist/yojana-kurukshetra-magzine-quiz" >योजना एवं कुरुक्षेत्र टेस्ट</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/quiz/quizlist/down-to-earth-quiz" >डाउन टू अर्थ टेस्ट</a></li>
<!-- <li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/quiz/quizlist/science-reporter" >विज्ञान एवं प्रौद्योगिकी टेस्ट</a></li> -->
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="javascript:;" class="toggle">विगत वर्षों के प्रश्नपत्र</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/free-downloads/prelims-previous-year-papers-1-gs-downloads" >सामान्य अध्ययन (प्रारंभिक परीक्षा)</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/free-downloads/prelims-previous-year-papers-2-csat-downloads" >सीसैट (प्रारंभिक परीक्षा)</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/free-downloads/mains-papers-by-year" >मुख्य परीक्षा (वर्षवार)</a>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/free-downloads/mains-paper-by-subject" >मुख्य परीक्षा (विषयानुसार)</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<!-- <li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/prelims/prelims-analysis-2018">2018 प्रारंभिक परीक्षा</a></li> -->
<li><a href="javascript:;" class="toggle">ऑल इंडिया टेस्ट सीरीज़</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/prelims-test-series">टेस्ट सीरीज़ के लिये नामांकन</a></li>
<li><a href="http://testseries.drishtiias.in/">फ्री मॉक टेस्ट</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="menulist">
<h3>मुख्य परीक्षा</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="javascript:;" class="toggle">पाठ्यक्रम & रणनीति</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/mains-syllabus">पाठ्यक्रम</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/mains/mains-strategy">रणनीति</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/mains-practice-question" target="_blank">मेन्स प्रैक्टिस प्रश्न</a></li>
<li><a href="javascript:;" class="toggle">एन. सी. ई. आर. टी.</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/ncert-practice-question/history/sindhu-vally-civilization">इतिहास</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="javascript:;" class="toggle">निबंध</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/fodder-for-essay">निबंध उपयोगी उद्धरण</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/free-downloads/toppers-essay">टॉपर्स के निबंध</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/mains/model-essays">मॉडल निबंध</a></li>
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</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="javascript:;" class="toggle">विगत वर्षों के प्रश्नपत्र</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/free-downloads/mains-papers-by-year">वर्षवार</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/free-downloads/mains-paper-by-subject">विषयानुसार</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="javascript:;" class="toggle">टॉपर्स कॉपी</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/free-downloads/toppers-general-studies-copy">सामान्य अध्ययन</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/free-downloads/toppers-hindi-literature-copy">हिंदी साहित्य</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/free-downloads/toppers-history-copy">इतिहास</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/free-downloads/toppers-geography-copy" target="_blank">भूगोल</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/free-downloads/toppers-philosophy-copy">दर्शनशास्त्र</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/free-downloads/toppers-essay-copy">निबंध</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/free-downloads/toppers-compulsory-hindi-copy">हिंदी अनिवार्य</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/be-mains-ready-daily-answer-writing-program">Be Mains Ready</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/online-pendrive-courses/awake-mains-examination-2020">'AWAKE' : मुख्य परीक्षा-2020</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/free-downloads/upsc-mains-exam-model-papers">मॉडल पेपर</a></li>
<li><a href="javascript:;" class="toggle">ऑल इंडिया टेस्ट सीरीज़</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/mains-test-series">ऑल इंडिया टेस्ट सीरीज़ (यू.पी.एस.सी.)</a></li>
<!-- <li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/uppsc-mains-test-series">मेन्स टेस्ट सीरीज़ (यू.पी.)</a></li> -->
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="menulist">
<h3>पी.सी.एस.</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/statepcs/25-04-2024/bihar">बिहार</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/statepcs/25-04-2024/chhatisgarh">छत्तीसगढ</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/statepcs/25-04-2024/rajasthan">राजस्थान</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/statepcs/25-04-2024/uttar-pradesh">उत्तर प्रदेश</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/statepcs/25-04-2024/haryana">हरियाणा</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/statepcs/25-04-2024/jharkhand">झारखंड</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/statepcs/25-04-2024/uttarakhand">उत्तराखंड</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/statepcs/25-04-2024/madhya-pradesh">मध्य प्रदेश</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="menulist">
<h3>टेस्ट सीरीज़</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/prelims-test-series" target="_blank">UPSC प्रिलिम्स टेस्ट सीरीज़</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/mains-test-series" target="_blank">UPSC मेन्स टेस्ट सीरीज़ </a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/uppcs-prelims-test-series/" target="_blank">UPPCS प्रिलिम्स टेस्ट सीरीज़ </a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/uppsc-mains-test-series/" target="_blank">UPPCS मेन्स टेस्ट सीरीज़ </a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/bpsc-mains-test-series/" target="_blank">BPSC मेन्स टेस्ट सीरीज़ - हिंदी साहित्य</a>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="menulist">
<h3>करेंट अफेयर्स</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/current-affairs-news-analysis-editorials">डेली न्यूज़, एडिटोरियल और प्रिलिम्स फैक्ट</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/quiz/quizlist/current-affairs-quiz-set">डेली करेंट टेस्ट</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/free-downloads/monthly-consolidation-current">मासिक करेंट अपडेट्स संग्रह</a>
<!-- <li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/subscription">डेली अपडेट्स के लिये सबस्क्राइब करें</a></li> -->
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/loksabha-rajyasabha-discussions">संसद टीवी संवाद</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/economic-survey">आर्थिक सर्वेक्षण</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/free-downloads/monthly-consolidation-current">मासिक करेंट अपडेट्स संग्रह</a>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/free-downloads/monthly-consolidation-editorial">मासिक एडिटोरियल संग्रह</a>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/free-downloads/monthly-consolidation-quiz">मासिक डेली क्विज़ संग्रह</a>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="menulist">
<h3>दृष्टि स्पेशल्स</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/burning-issues-of-the-month">चर्चित मुद्दे</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/mind-map" class="toggle">माइंड मैप</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/mind-map/gs-paper1">पेपर 1</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/mind-map/gs-paper2">पेपर 2</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/mind-map/gs-paper3">पेपर 3</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/mind-map/gs-paper4">पेपर 4</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/to-the-points" class="toggle">टू द पॉइंट</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/to-the-points/paper1">पेपर 1</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/to-the-points/paper2">पेपर 2</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/to-the-points/paper3">पेपर 3</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/to-the-points/paper4">पेपर 4</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/important-institution">महत्त्वपूर्ण संस्थान/संगठन</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/learning-through-map">मैप के माध्यम से अध्ययन</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/loksabha-rajyasabha-discussions">संसद टीवी संवाद</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/summary-of-important-reports">महत्त्वपूर्ण रिपोर्ट्स की जिस्ट</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/prs-capsule">पीआरएस कैप्सूल्स</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/postal-course">डिस्टेंस लर्निंग प्रोग्राम</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="menulist">
<h3>डाउनलोड्स</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="javascript:;" class="toggle">टॉपर्स कॉपी</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/free-downloads/toppers-general-studies-copy">सामान्य अध्ययन</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/free-downloads/toppers-hindi-literature-copy">हिंदी साहित्य</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/free-downloads/toppers-history-copy">इतिहास</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/free-downloads/toppers-geography-copy" target="_blank">भूगोल</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/free-downloads/toppers-philosophy-copy">दर्शनशास्त्र</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/free-downloads/toppers-essay-copy">निबंध</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/free-downloads/toppers-compulsory-hindi-copy">हिंदी अनिवार्य</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/free-downloads/download-ncert-books">एनसीईआरटी बुक्स</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/free-downloads/download-nios-study-material">एनआईओएस स्टडी मैटिरियल</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/free-downloads/download-ignou-study-material">इग्नू स्टडी मैटिरियल</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/free-downloads/download-yojana-kurukshetra">योजना और कुरुक्षेत्र</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/infographics">इन्फोग्राफिक्स</a></li>
<li><a href="javascript:;" class="toggle">विगत वर्षों के प्रश्नपत्र </a>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/free-downloads/prelims-previous-year-papers-1-gs-downloads" >सामान्य अध्ययन (प्रारंभिक परीक्षा)</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/free-downloads/prelims-previous-year-papers-2-csat-downloads" >सीसैट (प्रारंभिक परीक्षा)</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/free-downloads/mains-papers-by-year" >मुख्य परीक्षा (वर्षवार)</a>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/free-downloads/mains-paper-by-subject" >मुख्य परीक्षा (विषयानुसार)</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<!-- <li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/free-downloads/monthly-consolidation-current">मासिक करेंट अपडेट्स संग्रह</a></li> -->
</ul>
</div>
<div class="menulist">
<h3>वीडियो सेक्शन</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/gallery/category/mains-gs-discussion" >मेन्स (जी.एस.) डिस्कशन</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/gallery/category/mains-optional-discussion" >मेन्स (ओप्शनल) डिस्कशन</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/gallery/category/current-news-bulletin" >करेंट न्यूज़ बुलेटिन</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/gallery/category/mock-interview" >मॉक इंटरव्यू</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/gallery/category/topper-s-view" >टॉपर्स व्यू</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/gallery/category/to-the-point" >टू द पॉइंट</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/gallery/category/sarkari-yojanayen" >सरकारी योजनाएँ</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/gallery/category/audio-articles" >ऑडियो आर्टिकल्स</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/gallery/category/strategy" >रणनीति</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/gallery/category/strategy-answer-writing-tips" >उत्तर लेखन की रणनीति</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/gallery/category/concept-talk-by-dr-vikas-divyakirti" >कॉन्सेप्ट टॉक : डॉ. विकास दिव्यकीर्ति</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/gallery/category/know-about-drishti-ias" >दृष्टि आईएएस के बारे में जानें</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="menulist">
<h3>सिविल सेवा परीक्षा</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/cse/introduction" >परिचय</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/cse/ias-exam-pattern" >परीक्षा का प्रारूप</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/cse/why-cse" >सिविल सेवा ही क्यों?</a></li>
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},10);
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-tw" ).show("slow");
},10);
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-rs" ).show("slow");
},10);
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-ig" ).show("slow");
},10);
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-pn" ).show("slow");
},10);
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-wp" ).show("slow");
},10);
var width = (window.innerWidth > 0) ? window.innerWidth : screen.width;
if(width <= 700){
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-tg" ).show("slow");
},10);
}
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-cross" ).show("slow");
},10);
$(".float-fb").animate({
top: "+=8%",
}, 500 );
$(".float-tw").animate({
top: "+=16%",
}, 600 );
$(".float-rs").animate({
top: "+=24%",
}, 700 );
$(".float-ig").animate({
top: "+=32%",
}, 800 );
$(".float-pn").animate({
top: "+=40%",
}, 900 );
$(".float-wp").animate({
top: "+=48%",
}, 1000 );
if(width <= 700){
$(".float-tg").animate({
top: "+=56%",
}, 1000 );
}
sessionStorage.setItem("remove_social_icons", "0");
}
$(document).ready(function(){
var value = sessionStorage.getItem("remove_social_icons");
if(value == '1'){
remove_social_float_icons();
}
});
</script>
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<style>
@media only screen and (max-width: 700px) {
.float-sm {
display:none;
}
.fl-fl {
width: 40px !important;
height: 40px!important;
}
.fa-social{
padding: 5px 0!important;
}
.float-plus{
/* Prev 30 px and 30px */
width: 40px !important;
height: 40px!important;
}
.fa-plus{
padding: 5px 0!important;
/* Prev 6 px and 10px */
/* font-size:20px!important; */
}
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 700px) {
.float-tg{
display:none;
}
}
/* Floating Social Media Bar Style Starts Here */
.float-plus{
display: none;
}
.float-sm {
display:;
text-align:center;
margin-left: 10px;
}
.fl-fl {
background: #dcdcdc;
text-transform: uppercase;
letter-spacing: 3px;
padding: 4px;
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
position: fixed;
/* right: 50px; */
z-index: 1000;
font: normal normal 10px Arial;
-webkit-transition: all .25s ease;
-moz-transition: all .25s ease;
-ms-transition: all .25s ease;
-o-transition: all .25s ease;
transition: all .25s ease;
opacity: 0.9;
transition: transform .2s;
border-radius:10px;
}
.fa-social {
font-size: 20px;
color: #fff;
padding: 10px 0;
/* width: 40px; */
/* margin-left: 8px; */
}
.fl-fl:hover {
right: 100;
opacity: 1;
transform: scale(1.15);
}
.fl-fl a {
color: #fff !important;
text-decoration: none;
text-align: center;
line-height: 43px!important;
vertical-align: top!important;
}
.float-plus {
top: 22%;
}
.float-cross {
top: 22%;
}
.float-fb {
top: 30%;
}
.float-tw {
top: 38%;
}
.float-rs {
top: 46%;
}
.float-ig {
top: 54%;
}
.float-pn {
top: 62%;
}
.float-wp {
top: 70%;
}
.float-tg {
top: 78%;
}
/* Floating Social Media Bar Style Ends Here */
</style>
<script>
// function to close the popup
function closePopup() {
var modal = document.getElementById("myModal");
modal.style.display = "none";
}
// function to open the popup
function openPopup() {
var modal = document.getElementById("myModal");
modal.style.display = "block";
}
// Added the code - If user click on anywhere outside the popup
$('body').click(function(e) {
$('#myModal').hide();
});
$('#popclose').on('click',function(e){
$('#myModal').css('display','none');
});
// automatically open the popup on page load
window.onload = openPopup;
</script>
<style>
/* CSS for the popup */
.modals {
display: none;
position: fixed;
z-index: 1000;
padding-top: 10%;
left: 0;
top: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
overflow: auto;
background-color: rgb(0,0,0);
background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.8);
box-shadow: 0px 0px 10px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.5);
transition: transform 0.3s ease-in-out;
}
/* The Close Button */
.close {
color: white;
float: right;
font-size: 28px;
font-weight: bold;
cursor: pointer;
}
.close:hover,
.close:focus {
color: #000;
text-decoration: none;
cursor: pointer;
}
/* The Image */
.modal-content_updated {
border-radius: 5px;
margin: auto;
display: block;
max-width: 450px !important ;
max-width: 90%;
}
@media only screen and (max-width: 700px){
.modal-content_updated{
margin-top: 35%;
}
}
</style>
<script src="/hindi/interaction/drishti/js/slick.min.js"></script> <script src="/hindi/interaction/drishti/js/nav.js"></script>
<script src="/hindi/interaction/drishti/js/jquery.colorbox.js"></script> <script src="/hindi/interaction/drishti/js/custom.js"></script> <script>
var regex = /^([a-zA-Z0-9_.+-])+\@(([a-zA-Z0-9-])+\.)+([a-zA-Z0-9]{2,4})+$/;
var phonex = /^([0-9 ])+$/;
$('#newsletterfrm').submit(function(e){
var msg=true;
var txtnname=$('#txtnname').val();
var txtnemail=$('#txtnemail').val();
$('#nmsg').html('');
//$('.input-error').remove();
if(txtnname.trim()==''){
$('#txtnname').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else{
$('#txtnname').removeClass('input-error');
}
if(txtnemail.trim()==''){
$('#txtnemail').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else if(!regex.test(txtnemail)){
$('#txtnemail').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else{
$('#txtnemail').removeClass('input-error');
}
if(msg){
var form=$('#newsletterfrm').serialize();
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/pages/newsletterfrm",
data: form,
success: function(data){
if(data=='already'){
$('#nmsg').html('यह ई-मेल पहले से प्रयोग में है।');
}else if(data=='add'){
$('#nmsg').html('हमारे न्यूज़लेटर को सब्सक्राइब करने के लिये धन्यवाद !');
$('#txtnname').val('');
$('#txtnemail').val('');
}else{
$('#nmsg').html('ओह ! कुछ गलत हो गया है। कृपया पुन: प्रयास करें।');
}
},
error: function(error,errortype,errorstatus){
alert(errortype);
//$('#nloader').hide();
}
});
}
e.preventDefault();
});
$('#smsalertfrm').submit(function(e){
var msg=true;
var txtnmobile=$('#txtnmobile').val();
$('#nmmsg').html('');
//$('.input-error').remove();
if(txtnmobile.trim()==''){
$('#txtnmobile').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else if(txtnmobile.trim().length!=10){
$('#txtnmobile').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else if(!phonex.test(txtnmobile)){
$('#txtnmobile').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else{
$('#txtnmobile').removeClass('input-error');
}
if(msg){
var form=$('#smsalertfrm').serialize();
//$('#nmloader').show();
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/pages/smsalertfrm",
data: form,
success: function(data){
if(data=='already'){
$('#nmmsg').html('यह फोन नंबर पहले से प्रयोग में है।');
}else if(data=='add'){
$('#nmmsg').html('हमारे एसएमएस अलर्ट को सब्सक्राइब करने के लिये धन्यवाद !');
$('#txtnmobile').val('');
}else{
$('#nmmsg').html('ओह ! कुछ गलत हो गया है। कृपया पुन: प्रयास करें।');
}
//$('#nmloader').hide();
},
error: function(error,errortype,errorstatus){
alert(errortype);
//$('#nmloader').hide();
}
});
}
e.preventDefault();
});
$('#subscriptionfrm').submit(function(e){
var msg=true;
var txtnname=$('#name').val();
var txtnemail=$('#emailaddress').val();
var txtnmobile=$('#phone').val();
$('#contactmsg').html('');
//$('.input-error').remove();
if(txtnname.trim()==''){
$('#name').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else{
$('#name').removeClass('input-error');
}
if(txtnemail.trim()==''){
$('#emailaddress').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
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$('#emailaddress').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else{
$('#emailaddress').removeClass('input-error');
}
if(txtnmobile.trim()==''){
$('#phone').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else if(txtnmobile.trim().length!=10){
$('#phone').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else if(!phonex.test(txtnmobile)){
$('#phone').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else{
$('#phone').removeClass('input-error');
}
if($('#dailyupdates').prop("checked") == false && $('#examnewsletter').prop("checked") == false && $('#fullnewsletter').prop("checked") == false && $('#sms').prop("checked") == false)
{
$('#contactmsg').css('display','block');
$('#contactmsg').addClass('error');
$('#contactmsg').html('कोई भी ऑप्शन सेलेक्टेड नहीं है, कृपया कम से कम एक ऑप्शन सेलेक्ट करें।');
msg=false;
}
if(msg){
$('.loader').css('display','block');
var form=$('#subscriptionfrm').serialize();
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/subscription",
data: form,
success: function(data){
$('.loader').css('display','none');
if(data=='success'){
$('#contactmsg').css('display','block');
$('#contactmsg').removeClass('error');
$('#contactmsg').html('हमारे न्यूज़लेटर को सब्सक्राइब करने के लिये धन्यवाद ! हम जल्द ही आपसे संपर्क करेंगे।');
$('#name').val('');
$('#emailaddress').val('');
$('#phone').val('');
}else{
$('#contactmsg').css('display','block');
$('#contactmsg').addClass('error');
$('#contactmsg').html('ओह ! कुछ गलत हो गया है। कृपया पुन: प्रयास करें।');
}
},
error: function(error,errortype,errorstatus){
$('.loader').css('display','none');
alert(errortype);
//$('#nloader').hide();
}
});
}
e.preventDefault();
});
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$('.allnotes').click(function(){
$('.fixbtn.notes').removeClass('open');
$('.fixbtn.mynotes').toggleClass('open');
});
$('.mynotes,.notelist').on('click','.readmore',function(){
var noteid=$(this).attr('data-noteid');
$('#note_id').val(noteid);
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/articles/setnote",
data: 'note_id='+noteid,
success: function(data){
if(data){
tinymce.get("mynote").setContent(data);
$('#mynotemsg').html('');
$('.fixbtn.notes').toggleClass('open');
}else{
alert('ओह ! कुछ गलत हो गया है। कृपया पुन: प्रयास करें।');
}
},
error: function(error,errortype,errorstatus){
alert(errortype);
}
});
});
$('.notelink').click(function(){
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/articles/removenote",
success: function(data){
if(data=='removed'){
$('#note_id').val('');
tinymce.get("mynote").setContent('');
$('#mynotemsg').html('');
$('.fixbtn.notes').toggleClass('open');
$('.fixbtn.mynotes').removeClass('open');
}else{
alert('ओह ! कुछ गलत हो गया है। कृपया पुन: प्रयास करें।');
}
},
error: function(error,errortype,errorstatus){
alert(errortype);
}
});
});
$('.mynotes,.notelist').on('click','.removenote',function(e){
if(confirm('Are you sure want to remove note?'))
{
var noteid=$(this).attr('data-noteid');
$('.loader').css('display','block');
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/articles/deletenote",
data: 'note_id='+noteid,
success: function(data){
if(data=='removed'){
$('.loader').css('display','none');
$('#note-list #'+noteid+',.notelist #'+noteid).css('display','none');
//window.location.reload();
}else{
$('.loader').css('display','none');
alert('ओह ! कुछ गलत हो गया है। कृपया पुन: प्रयास करें।');
}
},
error: function(error,errortype,errorstatus){
$('.loader').css('display','none');
alert(errortype);
}
});
}
e.preventDefault();
});
</script>
<script>
$("#commentfile").change(function(){
$("#file-name").text(this.files[0].name);
});
</script>
<script src="/hindi/interaction/drishti/js/jquery.fancybox.js"></script> <script>
$(".iframe").fancybox();
$('.datepicker').datepicker();
$('.datepicker').datepicker("option","dateFormat","yy-mm-dd");
$('#startdate').val($('#hdstart').val());
$('#enddate').val($('#hdend').val());
$(document).ready(function(){
$('.list-toggle').click(function(){
$('.list-category').toggleClass('active');
$(this).toggleClass('active');
$('.value').text(function(i, text){
return text === "Hide Menu" ? "Show Menu" : "Hide Menu";
});
});
$('aside button.close').click(function(){
$('.list-category').toggleClass('active');
$('.list-toggle').toggleClass('active');
});
$('.fixbtn .btn').click(function(){
$('.fixbtn .btn').not(this).parents('.fixbtn').removeClass('open');
$(this).parents('.fixbtn').toggleClass('open');
});
$('.fixbtn a.close').click(function(){
$(this).parents('.fixbtn').removeClass('open');
});
$('.note-btn').click(function(){
$('#mynotemsg').html('');
$('.fixbtn.notes').toggleClass('open');
});
$('.viewmore a').click(function(){
$('.hide').slideToggle('active');
$(this).text(function(i, text){
return text === "View More" ? "View Less" : "View More";
});
});
});
</script>
<script>
$(document).ready(function(){
if(screen.width < 768){
$('.box-toggle .box-slide p.subheading').click(function(){
$(this).toggleClass('open').next().slideToggle();
});
}
});
</script>
<script>
$('#bookSession').on('click',function(e){
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
data: {
'course': $('#bookSession').data('course')
},
url: "https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/book-online-session",
success: function(json){
var obj = JSON.parse(json);
if (obj.status==200) {
alert(obj.message);
}
else
{
alert(obj.message);
window.location.reload();
}
},
error: function(error,errortype,errorstatus){
alert(errortype);
}
});
e.preventDefault();
});
</script>
<script>
$('#requestACallBackFrm').on('submit',function(e){
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
data: $('#requestACallBackFrm').serialize(),
url: "https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/request-a-call-back",
success: function(json){
var obj = JSON.parse(json);
if (obj.status==200) {
alert(obj.message);
document.getElementById('requestACallBackFrm').reset();
}
else
{
alert(obj.message);
}
},
error: function(error,errortype,errorstatus){
alert(errortype);
}
});
e.preventDefault();
});
function getCookie(name) {
var match = document.cookie.match(RegExp('(?:^|;\\s*)' + name + '=([^;]*)'));
return match ? match[1] : null;
}
if(getCookie('isLoginHindi')==1){
document.getElementById("isLoginHindi").style.display='inherit';
// document.getElementById("isLoginHindiNotes").style.display='inherit';
// document.getElementById("isNotLoginHindiNotes").style.display='None';
document.getElementById("isNotLoginHindiRegister").style.display='None';
document.getElementById("isNotLoginHindiLogin").style.display='None';
console.log('Loggedin user');
}else{
console.log('NOT Loggedin user');
// document.getElementById("isLoginHindiNotes").style.display='None';
document.getElementById("isLoginHindi").style.display='None';
// document.getElementById("isNotLoginHindiNotes").style.display='inherit';
document.getElementById("isNotLoginHindiRegister").style.display='inherit';
document.getElementById("isNotLoginHindiLogin").style.display='inherit';
}
console.log('TEDST');
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(".popup").colorbox({iframe: true, innerWidth: 790, innerHeight: 530});
if(screen.width < 980){
$(".popup").colorbox({innerWidth: 720, innerHeight: 530});
}
if(screen.width < 768){
$(".popup").colorbox({innerWidth: 420, innerHeight: 530});
}
if(screen.width < 480){
$(".popup").colorbox({innerWidth: 280, innerHeight: 440});
}
$("#scroll-top").click(function(){
$('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: $(".header").offset().top }, 1000);
});
$(window).scroll(function() {
var scroll = $(window).scrollTop();
if (scroll >= 500) {
$("#scroll-top").addClass("show");
} else {
$("#scroll-top").removeClass("show");
}
});
</script>
<script>
// $('.section-banner .wrapper > div').matchHeight();
$('.slider').slick({
autoplay: true,
arrows: false,
dots: true,
autoplaySpeed:3000
});
$('.services-slider').slick({
arrows: true,
slidesToShow: 3,
slidesToScroll: 1,
prevArrow: '<button type="button" class="slick-prev" title="Previous">Previous</button>',
nextArrow: '<button type="button" class="slick-next" title="Next">Next</button>',
responsive: [
{
breakpoint: 1025,
settings: {
slidesToShow: 2
}
}
]
});
$('.loader1').css('display','none');
$('.horizontal-menu').css('visibility','visible');
$('.banner').css('visibility','visible');
$('.services-slider--mobile').slick({
autoplay: true,
autoplaySpeed: 2000
});
/* $("#qa-form").steps({
headerTag: "h5",
bodyTag: "section",
transitionEffect: "slideLeft"
});*/
$("#tagcloud a").tagcloud({
size: {start: 14, end: 22, unit: "px"},
color: {start: '#3498DB', end: '#46CFB0'}
});
$(".popup-video").colorbox({iframe: true, innerWidth: 850, innerHeight: 600});
$(".feedback").colorbox({iframe: true, innerWidth: 850, innerHeight: 600});
if(screen.width < 980){
$(".popup-video").colorbox({innerWidth: 720, innerHeight: 530});
$(".feedback").colorbox({innerWidth: 720, innerHeight: 530});
}
if(screen.width < 768){
$(".popup-video").colorbox({innerWidth: 420, innerHeight: 530});
$(".feedback").colorbox({innerWidth: 420, innerHeight: 530});
}
if(screen.width < 480){
$(".popup-video").colorbox({innerWidth: 280, innerHeight: 170});
$(".feedback").colorbox({innerWidth: 280, innerHeight: 440});
}
</script>
<script>
function showarchive(year,month,day=null){
// alert('viewforum.php'); return;
var url='https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/archives'+'/'+year+'-'+month+'-'+day;
location=url;
//alert(url+'/archives/'+year+'/'+month+'/'+dat);
}
</script>
<script id="dsq-count-scr" src="//drishtiias.disqus.com/count.js"></script>
</body>
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Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 106
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'status' => (int) 200,
'contentType' => 'text/html',
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'Content-Type' => [
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]
],
'file' => null,
'fileRange' => [],
'cookies' => object(Cake\Http\Cookie\CookieCollection) {},
'cacheDirectives' => [],
'body' => '<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-4105321775414527" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<meta name="google-site-verification" content="T8BPOWVB3_clU2T2Wap2B9I4tEthojpBZYEgp2zW7Tk" />
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<meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no" />
<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/interaction/viewforum.php" />
<meta name="robots" content="index,follow">
<meta name="keywords" content="" />
<meta name="description" content="" />
<meta property="og:type" content="article" />
<meta property="og:title" content="Not Found - Drishti IAS" />
<meta property="og:description" content="" />
<meta property="og:image" content="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/drishti/img/drishti-dual-logo.jpg" />
<meta property="og:url" content="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/interaction/viewforum.php" />
<meta property="og:site_name" content="Drishti IAS" />
<meta name="twitter:title" content="Not Found - Drishti IAS">
<meta name="twitter:description" content="">
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/drishti/img/drishti-dual-logo.jpg">
<meta name="twitter:site" content="Drishti IAS">
<meta name="twitter:creator" content="Drishti IAS">
<meta name="facebook-domain-verification" content="sxa6keafeqv68530rmdvc3suj228cb" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css">
<style>
.statepcs .paper-menu.paper-submenu a {
width: 32.5%;
}
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bottom: -5px;
margin-top: 23px;
}
.col-social .app-links a {
margin-left: 0px;
}
.comin-soon {
max-width: 100%; /* Full width for each item on smaller screens */
margin-bottom: 10px; /* Add spacing between items */
}
}
</style>
<div class="app-links">
<a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/app-coming-soon" class="comin-soon">
<img src="https://www.drishtiias.com/frontend/img/app-google.png" alt="">
</a>
<a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/app-coming-soon" class="comin-soon">
<img src="https://www.drishtiias.com/frontend/img/app-ios.png" alt="">
</a>
<br>
<a href="https://dla.drishtiias.com/windows/" target="_blank">
<img src="https://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1695876320_new%20windows%20logo.png" alt="" style='width:100%;height:50px;'>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<style media="screen">
@media only screen and (max-width: 700px) {
.col-connect ul{
display: contents;
}
}
</style>
<div class="copyright">
<div class="wrapper" style="text-align:left">
<h5 style="font-weight: bold;font-size: 15px;color:red;text-align:left;">
Copyright © 2018-2024 Drishti The Vision Foundation, India. All rights reserved
</h5>
<br>
<div class="footer-container">
<div class="col-connect">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/estore/privacy-policy" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">
<i class="fa fa-book" aria-hidden="true" style="color:red;margin-left:0%"></i>
Privacy Policy
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-connect">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/drishti-policies/terms-and-conditions-1" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">
<i class="fa fa-book" aria-hidden="true" style="color:red;margin-left:0%"></i>
Terms and Conditions
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-connect">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="https://www.drishtiias.com/drishti-policies/cancellation-refund-policy" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">
<i class="fa fa-book" aria-hidden="true" style="color:red;margin-left:0%"></i>
Cancellation/Refund Policy
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br><br><br><br>
</footer>
<!-- This pop up will see only once for one machine/user -->
<!-- <img id="myImg" src="https://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1672232528_63ac3ac8b1e1f_Newyear-Popup-Web.png" alt="Snow" style="width:100%;max-width:300px;display:none">
<div id="myModal_recent" class="modal">
<span class="close" id="popclose">×</span>
<img class="modal-content" id="img01">
</div>
<!-- To display the popup in the middle(vertically) in mobile phone -->
<!-- <style media="screen">
@media only screen and (max-width: 700px){
.modal-content{
margin-top: 20%;
}
}
</style> -->
<script>
// function getCookie(name) {
// var match = document.cookie.match(RegExp('(?:^|;\\s*)' + name + '=([^;]*)'));
// return match ? match[1] : null;
// }
//
// if(getCookie('isPopupDisplayed_recent_hindi_sat')!=1){
// $(document).ready(function(){
// document.cookie = "isPopupDisplayed_recent_eng_3=1";
// var m = new Date();
// var current_time = m.getUTCDate() +"/"+ (m.getUTCMonth()+1) +"/"+ m.getUTCFullYear() + " " + m.getUTCHours() + ":" + m.getUTCMinutes() + ":" + m.getUTCSeconds();
// datetimeEnd = '07/01/2023 05:00:00';
// if(Date.parse(current_time) < Date.parse(datetimeEnd)){
// $('#myModal_recent').css('display','block');
// }
// $('#img01').attr('src',$('#myImg').attr('src'));
// $('#img01').attr('style','cursor:pointer');
// });
// $('#img01').on('click',function(e){
// window.location="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/online-course";
// });
//
// $('#popclose').on('click',function(e){
// $('#myModal_recent').css('display','none');
// });
// }
// // Added this - if user click on anywhere outside popup - modal/popup will be gone
// $('body').click(function(e) {
// $('#myModal_recent').hide();
// });
</script>
<!-- For bottom side fix button in mobile -->
<div class="fixedButton_hand mobile_view_only">
<div class="roundedFixedBtn_hand">
<font size="2px">Share Page</font>
<i style="color:white;font-size:15px;" class="fa fa-hand-o-down" aria-hidden="true"></i>
</div>
</div>
<a href="https://telegram.me/share/url?url=https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/interaction/viewforum.php?f=32&sid=4273fc7e2511924a4c69670bc9cb2db0&text=Drishti IAS Hindi!" target="_blank" class="fixedButton_tg mobile_view_only">
<div class="roundedFixedBtn">
<i style="color:#0077b5!important;font-size:25px;" class="fa fa-telegram"></i>
</div>
</a>
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/interaction/viewforum.php?f=32&sid=4273fc7e2511924a4c69670bc9cb2db0" target="_blank" class="fixedButton_fb mobile_view_only">
<div class="roundedFixedBtn">
<i style="color:#4267B2;font-size:25px;" class="fa fa-facebook"></i>
</div>
</a>
<a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/interaction/viewforum.php?f=32&sid=4273fc7e2511924a4c69670bc9cb2db0&text=Drishti IAS Hindi!" target="_blank" class="fixedButton_tw mobile_view_only">
<div class="roundedFixedBtn">
<!-- <i style="color:#00acee!important;font-size:25px;" class="fa fa-twitter fa-social"></i> -->
<img src="https://i.ibb.co/4ZHkctf/images-2-removebg-preview.png" alt="images-2" border="0" style="max-height:25px;padding-top: 5px;">
</div>
</a>
<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/interaction/viewforum.php?f=32&sid=4273fc7e2511924a4c69670bc9cb2db0&title=&summary=Drishti IAS Hindi!&source=" target="_blank" class="fixedButton_ln mobile_view_only">
<div class="roundedFixedBtn">
<i style="color:#0077b5!important;font-size:25px;" class="fa fa-linkedin fa-social"></i>
</div>
</a>
<a href="https://api.whatsapp.com/send?text=https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/interaction/viewforum.php?f=32&sid=4273fc7e2511924a4c69670bc9cb2db0" target="_blank" class="fixedButton_wp mobile_view_only">
<div class="roundedFixedBtn">
<i style="color:#25D366!important;font-size:25px;" class="fa fa-whatsapp fa-social"></i>
</div>
</a>
<div class="popup-box search-popup">
<div class="search-popup--box">
<form method="post" action="https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/search" name="searchfrm" id="searchfrm">
<input type="text" placeholder="अपना सर्च कीवर्ड टाईप करें:" name="search" id="search">
<button type="submit">खोजें</button>
</form>
<button type="submit" class="btn-close" rel="close-popup">Close</button>
</div>
</div>
<script>
$('#searchfrm').submit(function(e){
var search=$('#search').val();
location='https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/search/'+search;
e.preventDefault();
});
$(document).ready(function(){
$('.comin-soon').colorbox({innerWidth: 1100, innerHeight: 530});
if(screen.width < 1199){
$('.comin-soon').colorbox({innerWidth: 800, innerHeight: 530});
}
if(screen.width < 801){
$('.comin-soon').colorbox({innerWidth: 300, innerHeight: 350});
}
$('.youtube').colorbox({ iframe:true, innerWidth:640, innerHeight:390 });
if(screen.width < 768){
$('.youtube').colorbox({innerWidth:280, innerHeight:177});
}
});
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$('.learning-program .subheading').click(function(){
$(this).next().slideToggle();
$(this).toggleClass('open');
});
// Added the code - If user click on anywhere outside the popup - then it should be closed as asked | 01-Oct-21
$('body').click(function(e) {
$('#myModal').hide();
});
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
</script>
<!-- Floating Social Media bar Starts -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css">
<div class="float-sm">
<!-- Removed class sur-move -->
<!-- Removed ondragover="allowDrop(event)" ondrag="dragging(event)" ondrop="drop(event)" -->
<!-- Removed draggable="true" -->
<!-- onclick="show_social_float_icons();" -->
<div id="float-plus" style="cursor:pointer;" class="fl-fl float-plus">
<!-- <i style="color:red;" class="fa fa-plus fa-social"></i> -->
<img src="https://www.drishtiias.com/images/uploads/1637393581_social-media-expand.png">
</div>
<div style="cursor:pointer;" onclick="remove_social_float_icons();"class="fl-fl float-cross">
<i style="color:red" class="fa fa-close fa-social"></i>
</div>
<a href="https://drishti.xyz/facebook-IAS" target="_blank">
<div class="fl-fl float-fb">
<i style="color:#4267B2" class="fa fa-facebook fa-social"></i>
</div>
</a>
<a href="https://drishti.xyz/X-IAS" target="_blank">
<div class="fl-fl float-tw">
<!-- <i style="color:#00acee!important;" class="fa fa-twitter fa-social"></i> -->
<img src="https://i.ibb.co/4ZHkctf/images-2-removebg-preview.png" alt="images-2" border="0" style="max-height:25px;padding-top: 8px;">
</div>
</a>
<a href="https://drishti.xyz/LinkedIn-IAS" target="_blank">
<div class="fl-fl float-rs">
<i style="color:#0077b5!important;"class="fa fa-linkedin fa-social"></i>
</div>
</a>
<a href="https://drishti.xyz/Instagram-IAS " target="_blank">
<div class="fl-fl float-ig">
<i style="color:#cd486b!important;" class="fa fa-instagram fa-social"></i>
</div>
</a>
<a href="https://drishti.xyz/YT-IAS " target="_blank">
<div class="fl-fl float-pn">
<i style="color:red!important;" class="fa fa-youtube-play fa-social"></i>
</div>
</a>
<!-- <a href="https://api.whatsapp.com/send?text=https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/interaction/viewforum.php?f=32&sid=4273fc7e2511924a4c69670bc9cb2db0" target="_blank">
<div style="" class="fl-fl float-wp">
<i style="color:#25D366!important;"class="fa fa-whatsapp fa-social"></i>
</div>
</a> -->
<a href=" https://drishti.xyz/Telegram-IAS " target="_blank">
<div style="" class="fl-fl float-tg">
<i style="color:#0077b5!important;"class="fa fa-telegram"></i>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<script>
// For desktop - DRAGGABLE
$('.float-plus').draggable();
$(".float-plus").css("position", "fixed");
$('.float-plus').click(function(){
show_social_float_icons();
})
var box = document.getElementById('float-plus');
$('.float-plus').mousedown(function(){
box.style.transition = "all 0s ease 0s";
});
$('.float-plus').mouseup(function(){
box.style.transition = "all 1s ease 0s";
var screen_width = screen.width;
var screen_width = parseInt(screen_width, 10)
var current_location = box.style.left;
var current_location = parseInt(current_location, 10)
var screen_middle = (screen_width/2);
var xx = (screen_width*0.04);
var x = (screen_width*0.009);
if(current_location > screen_middle){
box.style.left = (screen_width-xx) + 'px';
} else {
box.style.left = x + 'px';
}
});
// For MOBILE TOUCH - DRAGGABLE
var box = document.getElementById('float-plus');
box.addEventListener('touchstart', function(e) {
// Nothing for now!
});
box.addEventListener('touchmove', function(e) {
box.style.transform = "translate(-50%, -50%)";
var touchLocation = e.targetTouches[0];
box.style.left = (touchLocation.pageX-window.scrollX) + 'px';
box.style.top = (touchLocation.pageY-window.scrollY) + 'px';
e.preventDefault();
});
box.addEventListener('touchend', function(e) {
// Nothing for now!
});
</script>
<script>
function remove_social_float_icons() {
$(".float-fb").animate({
top: "-=8%",
}, 500 );
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-fb" ).hide("slow");
},500);
$(".float-tw").animate({
top: "-=16%",
}, 500 );
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-tw" ).hide("slow");
},500);
$(".float-rs").animate({
top: "-=24%",
}, 500 );
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-rs" ).hide("slow");
},500);
$(".float-ig").animate({
top: "-=32%",
}, 500 );
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-ig" ).hide("slow");
},500);
$(".float-pn").animate({
top: "-=40%",
}, 500 );
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-pn" ).hide("slow");
},500);
$(".float-wp").animate({
top: "-=48%",
}, 500 );
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-wp" ).hide("slow");
},500);
var width = (window.innerWidth > 0) ? window.innerWidth : screen.width;
if(width <= 700){
$(".float-tg").animate({
top: "-=56%",
}, 500 );
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-tg" ).hide("slow");
},500);
}
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-cross" ).hide("slow");
},500);
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-plus" ).show("slow");
},500);
sessionStorage.setItem("remove_social_icons", "1");
}
function show_social_float_icons(){
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-plus" ).hide("slow");
},10);
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-fb" ).show("slow");
},10);
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-tw" ).show("slow");
},10);
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-rs" ).show("slow");
},10);
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-ig" ).show("slow");
},10);
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-pn" ).show("slow");
},10);
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-wp" ).show("slow");
},10);
var width = (window.innerWidth > 0) ? window.innerWidth : screen.width;
if(width <= 700){
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-tg" ).show("slow");
},10);
}
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-cross" ).show("slow");
},10);
$(".float-fb").animate({
top: "+=8%",
}, 500 );
$(".float-tw").animate({
top: "+=16%",
}, 600 );
$(".float-rs").animate({
top: "+=24%",
}, 700 );
$(".float-ig").animate({
top: "+=32%",
}, 800 );
$(".float-pn").animate({
top: "+=40%",
}, 900 );
$(".float-wp").animate({
top: "+=48%",
}, 1000 );
if(width <= 700){
$(".float-tg").animate({
top: "+=56%",
}, 1000 );
}
sessionStorage.setItem("remove_social_icons", "0");
}
$(document).ready(function(){
var value = sessionStorage.getItem("remove_social_icons");
if(value == '1'){
remove_social_float_icons();
}
});
</script>
<!-- Floating Social Media bar Ends -->
<style>
@media only screen and (max-width: 700px) {
.float-sm {
display:none;
}
.fl-fl {
width: 40px !important;
height: 40px!important;
}
.fa-social{
padding: 5px 0!important;
}
.float-plus{
/* Prev 30 px and 30px */
width: 40px !important;
height: 40px!important;
}
.fa-plus{
padding: 5px 0!important;
/* Prev 6 px and 10px */
/* font-size:20px!important; */
}
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 700px) {
.float-tg{
display:none;
}
}
/* Floating Social Media Bar Style Starts Here */
.float-plus{
display: none;
}
.float-sm {
display:;
text-align:center;
margin-left: 10px;
}
.fl-fl {
background: #dcdcdc;
text-transform: uppercase;
letter-spacing: 3px;
padding: 4px;
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
position: fixed;
/* right: 50px; */
z-index: 1000;
font: normal normal 10px Arial;
-webkit-transition: all .25s ease;
-moz-transition: all .25s ease;
-ms-transition: all .25s ease;
-o-transition: all .25s ease;
transition: all .25s ease;
opacity: 0.9;
transition: transform .2s;
border-radius:10px;
}
.fa-social {
font-size: 20px;
color: #fff;
padding: 10px 0;
/* width: 40px; */
/* margin-left: 8px; */
}
.fl-fl:hover {
right: 100;
opacity: 1;
transform: scale(1.15);
}
.fl-fl a {
color: #fff !important;
text-decoration: none;
text-align: center;
line-height: 43px!important;
vertical-align: top!important;
}
.float-plus {
top: 22%;
}
.float-cross {
top: 22%;
}
.float-fb {
top: 30%;
}
.float-tw {
top: 38%;
}
.float-rs {
top: 46%;
}
.float-ig {
top: 54%;
}
.float-pn {
top: 62%;
}
.float-wp {
top: 70%;
}
.float-tg {
top: 78%;
}
/* Floating Social Media Bar Style Ends Here */
</style>
<script>
// function to close the popup
function closePopup() {
var modal = document.getElementById("myModal");
modal.style.display = "none";
}
// function to open the popup
function openPopup() {
var modal = document.getElementById("myModal");
modal.style.display = "block";
}
// Added the code - If user click on anywhere outside the popup
$('body').click(function(e) {
$('#myModal').hide();
});
$('#popclose').on('click',function(e){
$('#myModal').css('display','none');
});
// automatically open the popup on page load
window.onload = openPopup;
</script>
<style>
/* CSS for the popup */
.modals {
display: none;
position: fixed;
z-index: 1000;
padding-top: 10%;
left: 0;
top: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
overflow: auto;
background-color: rgb(0,0,0);
background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.8);
box-shadow: 0px 0px 10px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.5);
transition: transform 0.3s ease-in-out;
}
/* The Close Button */
.close {
color: white;
float: right;
font-size: 28px;
font-weight: bold;
cursor: pointer;
}
.close:hover,
.close:focus {
color: #000;
text-decoration: none;
cursor: pointer;
}
/* The Image */
.modal-content_updated {
border-radius: 5px;
margin: auto;
display: block;
max-width: 450px !important ;
max-width: 90%;
}
@media only screen and (max-width: 700px){
.modal-content_updated{
margin-top: 35%;
}
}
</style>
<script src="/hindi/interaction/drishti/js/slick.min.js"></script> <script src="/hindi/interaction/drishti/js/nav.js"></script>
<script src="/hindi/interaction/drishti/js/jquery.colorbox.js"></script> <script src="/hindi/interaction/drishti/js/custom.js"></script> <script>
var regex = /^([a-zA-Z0-9_.+-])+\@(([a-zA-Z0-9-])+\.)+([a-zA-Z0-9]{2,4})+$/;
var phonex = /^([0-9 ])+$/;
$('#newsletterfrm').submit(function(e){
var msg=true;
var txtnname=$('#txtnname').val();
var txtnemail=$('#txtnemail').val();
$('#nmsg').html('');
//$('.input-error').remove();
if(txtnname.trim()==''){
$('#txtnname').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else{
$('#txtnname').removeClass('input-error');
}
if(txtnemail.trim()==''){
$('#txtnemail').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else if(!regex.test(txtnemail)){
$('#txtnemail').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else{
$('#txtnemail').removeClass('input-error');
}
if(msg){
var form=$('#newsletterfrm').serialize();
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/pages/newsletterfrm",
data: form,
success: function(data){
if(data=='already'){
$('#nmsg').html('यह ई-मेल पहले से प्रयोग में है।');
}else if(data=='add'){
$('#nmsg').html('हमारे न्यूज़लेटर को सब्सक्राइब करने के लिये धन्यवाद !');
$('#txtnname').val('');
$('#txtnemail').val('');
}else{
$('#nmsg').html('ओह ! कुछ गलत हो गया है। कृपया पुन: प्रयास करें।');
}
},
error: function(error,errortype,errorstatus){
alert(errortype);
//$('#nloader').hide();
}
});
}
e.preventDefault();
});
$('#smsalertfrm').submit(function(e){
var msg=true;
var txtnmobile=$('#txtnmobile').val();
$('#nmmsg').html('');
//$('.input-error').remove();
if(txtnmobile.trim()==''){
$('#txtnmobile').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else if(txtnmobile.trim().length!=10){
$('#txtnmobile').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else if(!phonex.test(txtnmobile)){
$('#txtnmobile').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else{
$('#txtnmobile').removeClass('input-error');
}
if(msg){
var form=$('#smsalertfrm').serialize();
//$('#nmloader').show();
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/pages/smsalertfrm",
data: form,
success: function(data){
if(data=='already'){
$('#nmmsg').html('यह फोन नंबर पहले से प्रयोग में है।');
}else if(data=='add'){
$('#nmmsg').html('हमारे एसएमएस अलर्ट को सब्सक्राइब करने के लिये धन्यवाद !');
$('#txtnmobile').val('');
}else{
$('#nmmsg').html('ओह ! कुछ गलत हो गया है। कृपया पुन: प्रयास करें।');
}
//$('#nmloader').hide();
},
error: function(error,errortype,errorstatus){
alert(errortype);
//$('#nmloader').hide();
}
});
}
e.preventDefault();
});
$('#subscriptionfrm').submit(function(e){
var msg=true;
var txtnname=$('#name').val();
var txtnemail=$('#emailaddress').val();
var txtnmobile=$('#phone').val();
$('#contactmsg').html('');
//$('.input-error').remove();
if(txtnname.trim()==''){
$('#name').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else{
$('#name').removeClass('input-error');
}
if(txtnemail.trim()==''){
$('#emailaddress').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else if(!regex.test(txtnemail)){
$('#emailaddress').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else{
$('#emailaddress').removeClass('input-error');
}
if(txtnmobile.trim()==''){
$('#phone').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else if(txtnmobile.trim().length!=10){
$('#phone').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
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$('.allnotes').click(function(){
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<script>
$('#requestACallBackFrm').on('submit',function(e){
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$(".popup").colorbox({iframe: true, innerWidth: 790, innerHeight: 530});
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<script>
function showarchive(year,month,day=null){
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Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 54
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 106
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[maximum depth reached]
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</a>
<a href="https://drishti.xyz/X-IAS" target="_blank">
<div class="fl-fl float-tw">
<!-- <i style="color:#00acee!important;" class="fa fa-twitter fa-social"></i> -->
<img src="https://i.ibb.co/4ZHkctf/images-2-removebg-preview.png" alt="images-2" border="0" style="max-height:25px;padding-top: 8px;">
</div>
</a>
<a href="https://drishti.xyz/LinkedIn-IAS" target="_blank">
<div class="fl-fl float-rs">
<i style="color:#0077b5!important;"class="fa fa-linkedin fa-social"></i>
</div>
</a>
<a href="https://drishti.xyz/Instagram-IAS " target="_blank">
<div class="fl-fl float-ig">
<i style="color:#cd486b!important;" class="fa fa-instagram fa-social"></i>
</div>
</a>
<a href="https://drishti.xyz/YT-IAS " target="_blank">
<div class="fl-fl float-pn">
<i style="color:red!important;" class="fa fa-youtube-play fa-social"></i>
</div>
</a>
<!-- <a href="https://api.whatsapp.com/send?text=https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/interaction/viewforum.php?f=32&sid=4273fc7e2511924a4c69670bc9cb2db0" target="_blank">
<div style="" class="fl-fl float-wp">
<i style="color:#25D366!important;"class="fa fa-whatsapp fa-social"></i>
</div>
</a> -->
<a href=" https://drishti.xyz/Telegram-IAS " target="_blank">
<div style="" class="fl-fl float-tg">
<i style="color:#0077b5!important;"class="fa fa-telegram"></i>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<script>
// For desktop - DRAGGABLE
$('.float-plus').draggable();
$(".float-plus").css("position", "fixed");
$('.float-plus').click(function(){
show_social_float_icons();
})
var box = document.getElementById('float-plus');
$('.float-plus').mousedown(function(){
box.style.transition = "all 0s ease 0s";
});
$('.float-plus').mouseup(function(){
box.style.transition = "all 1s ease 0s";
var screen_width = screen.width;
var screen_width = parseInt(screen_width, 10)
var current_location = box.style.left;
var current_location = parseInt(current_location, 10)
var screen_middle = (screen_width/2);
var xx = (screen_width*0.04);
var x = (screen_width*0.009);
if(current_location > screen_middle){
box.style.left = (screen_width-xx) + 'px';
} else {
box.style.left = x + 'px';
}
});
// For MOBILE TOUCH - DRAGGABLE
var box = document.getElementById('float-plus');
box.addEventListener('touchstart', function(e) {
// Nothing for now!
});
box.addEventListener('touchmove', function(e) {
box.style.transform = "translate(-50%, -50%)";
var touchLocation = e.targetTouches[0];
box.style.left = (touchLocation.pageX-window.scrollX) + 'px';
box.style.top = (touchLocation.pageY-window.scrollY) + 'px';
e.preventDefault();
});
box.addEventListener('touchend', function(e) {
// Nothing for now!
});
</script>
<script>
function remove_social_float_icons() {
$(".float-fb").animate({
top: "-=8%",
}, 500 );
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-fb" ).hide("slow");
},500);
$(".float-tw").animate({
top: "-=16%",
}, 500 );
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-tw" ).hide("slow");
},500);
$(".float-rs").animate({
top: "-=24%",
}, 500 );
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-rs" ).hide("slow");
},500);
$(".float-ig").animate({
top: "-=32%",
}, 500 );
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-ig" ).hide("slow");
},500);
$(".float-pn").animate({
top: "-=40%",
}, 500 );
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-pn" ).hide("slow");
},500);
$(".float-wp").animate({
top: "-=48%",
}, 500 );
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-wp" ).hide("slow");
},500);
var width = (window.innerWidth > 0) ? window.innerWidth : screen.width;
if(width <= 700){
$(".float-tg").animate({
top: "-=56%",
}, 500 );
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-tg" ).hide("slow");
},500);
}
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-cross" ).hide("slow");
},500);
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-plus" ).show("slow");
},500);
sessionStorage.setItem("remove_social_icons", "1");
}
function show_social_float_icons(){
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-plus" ).hide("slow");
},10);
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-fb" ).show("slow");
},10);
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-tw" ).show("slow");
},10);
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-rs" ).show("slow");
},10);
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-ig" ).show("slow");
},10);
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-pn" ).show("slow");
},10);
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-wp" ).show("slow");
},10);
var width = (window.innerWidth > 0) ? window.innerWidth : screen.width;
if(width <= 700){
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-tg" ).show("slow");
},10);
}
setTimeout(function(){
$( ".float-cross" ).show("slow");
},10);
$(".float-fb").animate({
top: "+=8%",
}, 500 );
$(".float-tw").animate({
top: "+=16%",
}, 600 );
$(".float-rs").animate({
top: "+=24%",
}, 700 );
$(".float-ig").animate({
top: "+=32%",
}, 800 );
$(".float-pn").animate({
top: "+=40%",
}, 900 );
$(".float-wp").animate({
top: "+=48%",
}, 1000 );
if(width <= 700){
$(".float-tg").animate({
top: "+=56%",
}, 1000 );
}
sessionStorage.setItem("remove_social_icons", "0");
}
$(document).ready(function(){
var value = sessionStorage.getItem("remove_social_icons");
if(value == '1'){
remove_social_float_icons();
}
});
</script>
<!-- Floating Social Media bar Ends -->
<style>
@media only screen and (max-width: 700px) {
.float-sm {
display:none;
}
.fl-fl {
width: 40px !important;
height: 40px!important;
}
.fa-social{
padding: 5px 0!important;
}
.float-plus{
/* Prev 30 px and 30px */
width: 40px !important;
height: 40px!important;
}
.fa-plus{
padding: 5px 0!important;
/* Prev 6 px and 10px */
/* font-size:20px!important; */
}
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 700px) {
.float-tg{
display:none;
}
}
/* Floating Social Media Bar Style Starts Here */
.float-plus{
display: none;
}
.float-sm {
display:;
text-align:center;
margin-left: 10px;
}
.fl-fl {
background: #dcdcdc;
text-transform: uppercase;
letter-spacing: 3px;
padding: 4px;
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
position: fixed;
/* right: 50px; */
z-index: 1000;
font: normal normal 10px Arial;
-webkit-transition: all .25s ease;
-moz-transition: all .25s ease;
-ms-transition: all .25s ease;
-o-transition: all .25s ease;
transition: all .25s ease;
opacity: 0.9;
transition: transform .2s;
border-radius:10px;
}
.fa-social {
font-size: 20px;
color: #fff;
padding: 10px 0;
/* width: 40px; */
/* margin-left: 8px; */
}
.fl-fl:hover {
right: 100;
opacity: 1;
transform: scale(1.15);
}
.fl-fl a {
color: #fff !important;
text-decoration: none;
text-align: center;
line-height: 43px!important;
vertical-align: top!important;
}
.float-plus {
top: 22%;
}
.float-cross {
top: 22%;
}
.float-fb {
top: 30%;
}
.float-tw {
top: 38%;
}
.float-rs {
top: 46%;
}
.float-ig {
top: 54%;
}
.float-pn {
top: 62%;
}
.float-wp {
top: 70%;
}
.float-tg {
top: 78%;
}
/* Floating Social Media Bar Style Ends Here */
</style>
<script>
// function to close the popup
function closePopup() {
var modal = document.getElementById("myModal");
modal.style.display = "none";
}
// function to open the popup
function openPopup() {
var modal = document.getElementById("myModal");
modal.style.display = "block";
}
// Added the code - If user click on anywhere outside the popup
$('body').click(function(e) {
$('#myModal').hide();
});
$('#popclose').on('click',function(e){
$('#myModal').css('display','none');
});
// automatically open the popup on page load
window.onload = openPopup;
</script>
<style>
/* CSS for the popup */
.modals {
display: none;
position: fixed;
z-index: 1000;
padding-top: 10%;
left: 0;
top: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
overflow: auto;
background-color: rgb(0,0,0);
background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.8);
box-shadow: 0px 0px 10px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.5);
transition: transform 0.3s ease-in-out;
}
/* The Close Button */
.close {
color: white;
float: right;
font-size: 28px;
font-weight: bold;
cursor: pointer;
}
.close:hover,
.close:focus {
color: #000;
text-decoration: none;
cursor: pointer;
}
/* The Image */
.modal-content_updated {
border-radius: 5px;
margin: auto;
display: block;
max-width: 450px !important ;
max-width: 90%;
}
@media only screen and (max-width: 700px){
.modal-content_updated{
margin-top: 35%;
}
}
</style>
<script src="/hindi/interaction/drishti/js/slick.min.js"></script> <script src="/hindi/interaction/drishti/js/nav.js"></script>
<script src="/hindi/interaction/drishti/js/jquery.colorbox.js"></script> <script src="/hindi/interaction/drishti/js/custom.js"></script> <script>
var regex = /^([a-zA-Z0-9_.+-])+\@(([a-zA-Z0-9-])+\.)+([a-zA-Z0-9]{2,4})+$/;
var phonex = /^([0-9 ])+$/;
$('#newsletterfrm').submit(function(e){
var msg=true;
var txtnname=$('#txtnname').val();
var txtnemail=$('#txtnemail').val();
$('#nmsg').html('');
//$('.input-error').remove();
if(txtnname.trim()==''){
$('#txtnname').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else{
$('#txtnname').removeClass('input-error');
}
if(txtnemail.trim()==''){
$('#txtnemail').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else if(!regex.test(txtnemail)){
$('#txtnemail').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else{
$('#txtnemail').removeClass('input-error');
}
if(msg){
var form=$('#newsletterfrm').serialize();
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/pages/newsletterfrm",
data: form,
success: function(data){
if(data=='already'){
$('#nmsg').html('यह ई-मेल पहले से प्रयोग में है।');
}else if(data=='add'){
$('#nmsg').html('हमारे न्यूज़लेटर को सब्सक्राइब करने के लिये धन्यवाद !');
$('#txtnname').val('');
$('#txtnemail').val('');
}else{
$('#nmsg').html('ओह ! कुछ गलत हो गया है। कृपया पुन: प्रयास करें।');
}
},
error: function(error,errortype,errorstatus){
alert(errortype);
//$('#nloader').hide();
}
});
}
e.preventDefault();
});
$('#smsalertfrm').submit(function(e){
var msg=true;
var txtnmobile=$('#txtnmobile').val();
$('#nmmsg').html('');
//$('.input-error').remove();
if(txtnmobile.trim()==''){
$('#txtnmobile').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else if(txtnmobile.trim().length!=10){
$('#txtnmobile').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else if(!phonex.test(txtnmobile)){
$('#txtnmobile').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else{
$('#txtnmobile').removeClass('input-error');
}
if(msg){
var form=$('#smsalertfrm').serialize();
//$('#nmloader').show();
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/pages/smsalertfrm",
data: form,
success: function(data){
if(data=='already'){
$('#nmmsg').html('यह फोन नंबर पहले से प्रयोग में है।');
}else if(data=='add'){
$('#nmmsg').html('हमारे एसएमएस अलर्ट को सब्सक्राइब करने के लिये धन्यवाद !');
$('#txtnmobile').val('');
}else{
$('#nmmsg').html('ओह ! कुछ गलत हो गया है। कृपया पुन: प्रयास करें।');
}
//$('#nmloader').hide();
},
error: function(error,errortype,errorstatus){
alert(errortype);
//$('#nmloader').hide();
}
});
}
e.preventDefault();
});
$('#subscriptionfrm').submit(function(e){
var msg=true;
var txtnname=$('#name').val();
var txtnemail=$('#emailaddress').val();
var txtnmobile=$('#phone').val();
$('#contactmsg').html('');
//$('.input-error').remove();
if(txtnname.trim()==''){
$('#name').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else{
$('#name').removeClass('input-error');
}
if(txtnemail.trim()==''){
$('#emailaddress').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else if(!regex.test(txtnemail)){
$('#emailaddress').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else{
$('#emailaddress').removeClass('input-error');
}
if(txtnmobile.trim()==''){
$('#phone').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else if(txtnmobile.trim().length!=10){
$('#phone').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else if(!phonex.test(txtnmobile)){
$('#phone').addClass('input-error');
msg=false;
}else{
$('#phone').removeClass('input-error');
}
if($('#dailyupdates').prop("checked") == false && $('#examnewsletter').prop("checked") == false && $('#fullnewsletter').prop("checked") == false && $('#sms').prop("checked") == false)
{
$('#contactmsg').css('display','block');
$('#contactmsg').addClass('error');
$('#contactmsg').html('कोई भी ऑप्शन सेलेक्टेड नहीं है, कृपया कम से कम एक ऑप्शन सेलेक्ट करें।');
msg=false;
}
if(msg){
$('.loader').css('display','block');
var form=$('#subscriptionfrm').serialize();
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/subscription",
data: form,
success: function(data){
$('.loader').css('display','none');
if(data=='success'){
$('#contactmsg').css('display','block');
$('#contactmsg').removeClass('error');
$('#contactmsg').html('हमारे न्यूज़लेटर को सब्सक्राइब करने के लिये धन्यवाद ! हम जल्द ही आपसे संपर्क करेंगे।');
$('#name').val('');
$('#emailaddress').val('');
$('#phone').val('');
}else{
$('#contactmsg').css('display','block');
$('#contactmsg').addClass('error');
$('#contactmsg').html('ओह ! कुछ गलत हो गया है। कृपया पुन: प्रयास करें।');
}
},
error: function(error,errortype,errorstatus){
$('.loader').css('display','none');
alert(errortype);
//$('#nloader').hide();
}
});
}
e.preventDefault();
});
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$('.allnotes').click(function(){
$('.fixbtn.notes').removeClass('open');
$('.fixbtn.mynotes').toggleClass('open');
});
$('.mynotes,.notelist').on('click','.readmore',function(){
var noteid=$(this).attr('data-noteid');
$('#note_id').val(noteid);
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/articles/setnote",
data: 'note_id='+noteid,
success: function(data){
if(data){
tinymce.get("mynote").setContent(data);
$('#mynotemsg').html('');
$('.fixbtn.notes').toggleClass('open');
}else{
alert('ओह ! कुछ गलत हो गया है। कृपया पुन: प्रयास करें।');
}
},
error: function(error,errortype,errorstatus){
alert(errortype);
}
});
});
$('.notelink').click(function(){
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/articles/removenote",
success: function(data){
if(data=='removed'){
$('#note_id').val('');
tinymce.get("mynote").setContent('');
$('#mynotemsg').html('');
$('.fixbtn.notes').toggleClass('open');
$('.fixbtn.mynotes').removeClass('open');
}else{
alert('ओह ! कुछ गलत हो गया है। कृपया पुन: प्रयास करें।');
}
},
error: function(error,errortype,errorstatus){
alert(errortype);
}
});
});
$('.mynotes,.notelist').on('click','.removenote',function(e){
if(confirm('Are you sure want to remove note?'))
{
var noteid=$(this).attr('data-noteid');
$('.loader').css('display','block');
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/articles/deletenote",
data: 'note_id='+noteid,
success: function(data){
if(data=='removed'){
$('.loader').css('display','none');
$('#note-list #'+noteid+',.notelist #'+noteid).css('display','none');
//window.location.reload();
}else{
$('.loader').css('display','none');
alert('ओह ! कुछ गलत हो गया है। कृपया पुन: प्रयास करें।');
}
},
error: function(error,errortype,errorstatus){
$('.loader').css('display','none');
alert(errortype);
}
});
}
e.preventDefault();
});
</script>
<script>
$("#commentfile").change(function(){
$("#file-name").text(this.files[0].name);
});
</script>
<script src="/hindi/interaction/drishti/js/jquery.fancybox.js"></script> <script>
$(".iframe").fancybox();
$('.datepicker').datepicker();
$('.datepicker').datepicker("option","dateFormat","yy-mm-dd");
$('#startdate').val($('#hdstart').val());
$('#enddate').val($('#hdend').val());
$(document).ready(function(){
$('.list-toggle').click(function(){
$('.list-category').toggleClass('active');
$(this).toggleClass('active');
$('.value').text(function(i, text){
return text === "Hide Menu" ? "Show Menu" : "Hide Menu";
});
});
$('aside button.close').click(function(){
$('.list-category').toggleClass('active');
$('.list-toggle').toggleClass('active');
});
$('.fixbtn .btn').click(function(){
$('.fixbtn .btn').not(this).parents('.fixbtn').removeClass('open');
$(this).parents('.fixbtn').toggleClass('open');
});
$('.fixbtn a.close').click(function(){
$(this).parents('.fixbtn').removeClass('open');
});
$('.note-btn').click(function(){
$('#mynotemsg').html('');
$('.fixbtn.notes').toggleClass('open');
});
$('.viewmore a').click(function(){
$('.hide').slideToggle('active');
$(this).text(function(i, text){
return text === "View More" ? "View Less" : "View More";
});
});
});
</script>
<script>
$(document).ready(function(){
if(screen.width < 768){
$('.box-toggle .box-slide p.subheading').click(function(){
$(this).toggleClass('open').next().slideToggle();
});
}
});
</script>
<script>
$('#bookSession').on('click',function(e){
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
data: {
'course': $('#bookSession').data('course')
},
url: "https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/book-online-session",
success: function(json){
var obj = JSON.parse(json);
if (obj.status==200) {
alert(obj.message);
}
else
{
alert(obj.message);
window.location.reload();
}
},
error: function(error,errortype,errorstatus){
alert(errortype);
}
});
e.preventDefault();
});
</script>
<script>
$('#requestACallBackFrm').on('submit',function(e){
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
data: $('#requestACallBackFrm').serialize(),
url: "https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/request-a-call-back",
success: function(json){
var obj = JSON.parse(json);
if (obj.status==200) {
alert(obj.message);
document.getElementById('requestACallBackFrm').reset();
}
else
{
alert(obj.message);
}
},
error: function(error,errortype,errorstatus){
alert(errortype);
}
});
e.preventDefault();
});
function getCookie(name) {
var match = document.cookie.match(RegExp('(?:^|;\\s*)' + name + '=([^;]*)'));
return match ? match[1] : null;
}
if(getCookie('isLoginHindi')==1){
document.getElementById("isLoginHindi").style.display='inherit';
// document.getElementById("isLoginHindiNotes").style.display='inherit';
// document.getElementById("isNotLoginHindiNotes").style.display='None';
document.getElementById("isNotLoginHindiRegister").style.display='None';
document.getElementById("isNotLoginHindiLogin").style.display='None';
console.log('Loggedin user');
}else{
console.log('NOT Loggedin user');
// document.getElementById("isLoginHindiNotes").style.display='None';
document.getElementById("isLoginHindi").style.display='None';
// document.getElementById("isNotLoginHindiNotes").style.display='inherit';
document.getElementById("isNotLoginHindiRegister").style.display='inherit';
document.getElementById("isNotLoginHindiLogin").style.display='inherit';
}
console.log('TEDST');
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(".popup").colorbox({iframe: true, innerWidth: 790, innerHeight: 530});
if(screen.width < 980){
$(".popup").colorbox({innerWidth: 720, innerHeight: 530});
}
if(screen.width < 768){
$(".popup").colorbox({innerWidth: 420, innerHeight: 530});
}
if(screen.width < 480){
$(".popup").colorbox({innerWidth: 280, innerHeight: 440});
}
$("#scroll-top").click(function(){
$('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: $(".header").offset().top }, 1000);
});
$(window).scroll(function() {
var scroll = $(window).scrollTop();
if (scroll >= 500) {
$("#scroll-top").addClass("show");
} else {
$("#scroll-top").removeClass("show");
}
});
</script>
<script>
// $('.section-banner .wrapper > div').matchHeight();
$('.slider').slick({
autoplay: true,
arrows: false,
dots: true,
autoplaySpeed:3000
});
$('.services-slider').slick({
arrows: true,
slidesToShow: 3,
slidesToScroll: 1,
prevArrow: '<button type="button" class="slick-prev" title="Previous">Previous</button>',
nextArrow: '<button type="button" class="slick-next" title="Next">Next</button>',
responsive: [
{
breakpoint: 1025,
settings: {
slidesToShow: 2
}
}
]
});
$('.loader1').css('display','none');
$('.horizontal-menu').css('visibility','visible');
$('.banner').css('visibility','visible');
$('.services-slider--mobile').slick({
autoplay: true,
autoplaySpeed: 2000
});
/* $("#qa-form").steps({
headerTag: "h5",
bodyTag: "section",
transitionEffect: "slideLeft"
});*/
$("#tagcloud a").tagcloud({
size: {start: 14, end: 22, unit: "px"},
color: {start: '#3498DB', end: '#46CFB0'}
});
$(".popup-video").colorbox({iframe: true, innerWidth: 850, innerHeight: 600});
$(".feedback").colorbox({iframe: true, innerWidth: 850, innerHeight: 600});
if(screen.width < 980){
$(".popup-video").colorbox({innerWidth: 720, innerHeight: 530});
$(".feedback").colorbox({innerWidth: 720, innerHeight: 530});
}
if(screen.width < 768){
$(".popup-video").colorbox({innerWidth: 420, innerHeight: 530});
$(".feedback").colorbox({innerWidth: 420, innerHeight: 530});
}
if(screen.width < 480){
$(".popup-video").colorbox({innerWidth: 280, innerHeight: 170});
$(".feedback").colorbox({innerWidth: 280, innerHeight: 440});
}
</script>
<script>
function showarchive(year,month,day=null){
// alert('viewforum.php'); return;
var url='https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/archives'+'/'+year+'-'+month+'-'+day;
location=url;
//alert(url+'/archives/'+year+'/'+month+'/'+dat);
}
</script>
<script id="dsq-count-scr" src="//drishtiias.disqus.com/count.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
'
}
$cookies = []
$values = [
(int) 0 => 'text/html; charset=UTF-8'
]
$name = 'Content-Type'
$first = true
$value = 'text/html; charset=UTF-8' header - [internal], line ??
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emitHeaders() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 177
Cake\Http\ResponseEmitter::emit() - CORE/src/Http/ResponseEmitter.php, line 55
Cake\Http\Server::emit() - CORE/src/Http/Server.php, line 106
[main] - ROOT/webroot/index.php, line 58 Not Found - Drishti IAS
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