1500-Year-Old Stepped Reservoir on Elephanta Island | 09 Apr 2026

Source: TH 

The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) has unearthed a sophisticated 1,500-year-old stepped reservoir on Elephanta Island off the Mumbai coast, shedding new light on the region's advanced ancient water management systems and robust maritime trade links. 

• Discovery of a Stepped Reservoir: The structure is T-shaped and features 20 precisely aligned stone steps made from blocks transported from the mainland, reflecting advanced engineering designed to efficiently store monsoon runoff on the island’s rocky terrain. 
• Numismatic (Coin) Findings: Around 60 coins (copper, lead, silver) were found, including coins of Krishnaraja, confirming political and chronological context. 
  • Several copper coins belong to ruler Krishnaraja of the Kalachuri dynasty (6th century CE), identifiable by a seated bull motif on the obverse and a temple symbol with the legend Sri Krishnaraja on the reverse. 
• Evidence of Global Maritime Trade: Discovery of ~3,000 amphorae sherds (Mediterranean origin) and torpedo jars (West Asia, including Mesopotamia) confirms the island's active long-distance maritime trade with Rome and West Asia during the Early Historic period and 2nd century CE. 
• Industrial and Cultural Artefacts: Excavations revealed a brick structure (possibly a dyeing vat), indicating textile-related economic activity. 
  • Other significant recoveries include terracotta figurines, glass and stone bangles, carnelian and quartz beads, reflecting cultural and craft activities. 
• Historical Geography: Historically, Elephanta Island functioned as a major trading hub comprising three distinct port localities: Morabandar, Rajbandar, and Shethbandar. 
• Existing Heritage Context: These new discoveries add a rich layer to Elephanta Island, which is already globally renowned for the Elephanta Caves, featuring massive 5th-century CE rock-cut caves and sculptures dedicated to Lord Shiva.